Mark Boulton
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814724873
- eISBN:
- 9780814760420
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814724873.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Returning Vietnam War veterans had every reason to expect that the government would take care of their readjustment needs in the same way it had done for veterans of both World War II and the Korean ...
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Returning Vietnam War veterans had every reason to expect that the government would take care of their readjustment needs in the same way it had done for veterans of both World War II and the Korean War. But the Vietnam generation soon discovered that their G.I. Bills fell well short of what many of them believed they had earned. This groundbreaking study provides the first analysis of the legislative debates surrounding the education benefits offered under the Vietnam-era G.I. Bills. Specifically, the book explores why legislators from both ends of the political spectrum failed to provide Vietnam veterans the same generous compensation offered to veterans of previous wars. This book should be essential reading to scholars of the Vietnam War, political history, or of social policy. Contemporary lawmakers should heed its historical lessons on how we ought to treat our returning veterans. Indeed, veterans wishing to fully understand their own homecoming experience will find great interest in the book's conclusions.Less
Returning Vietnam War veterans had every reason to expect that the government would take care of their readjustment needs in the same way it had done for veterans of both World War II and the Korean War. But the Vietnam generation soon discovered that their G.I. Bills fell well short of what many of them believed they had earned. This groundbreaking study provides the first analysis of the legislative debates surrounding the education benefits offered under the Vietnam-era G.I. Bills. Specifically, the book explores why legislators from both ends of the political spectrum failed to provide Vietnam veterans the same generous compensation offered to veterans of previous wars. This book should be essential reading to scholars of the Vietnam War, political history, or of social policy. Contemporary lawmakers should heed its historical lessons on how we ought to treat our returning veterans. Indeed, veterans wishing to fully understand their own homecoming experience will find great interest in the book's conclusions.
Christopher P. Loss
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691148274
- eISBN:
- 9781400840052
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691148274.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter moves the story from the New Deal to the U.S. Army. As the state's main wartime hub for psychological research, the Army Research Branch, headed by University of Chicago sociologist ...
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This chapter moves the story from the New Deal to the U.S. Army. As the state's main wartime hub for psychological research, the Army Research Branch, headed by University of Chicago sociologist Samuel A. Stouffer, presented evidence to military commanders that better-educated soldiers were more efficient, exhibited higher morale, and were less likely to desert or suffer a psychoneurotic breakdown than their educationally deprived peers. Military and educational policymakers were galvanized by this finding and joined forces to create the Army Information and Education Division—the education clearinghouse for the common soldier. With the steady support of General George C. Marshall, the chief of staff of the army, who believed wholeheartedly in the transformative power of education, millions of G.I.s made use of the educational services provided to them.Less
This chapter moves the story from the New Deal to the U.S. Army. As the state's main wartime hub for psychological research, the Army Research Branch, headed by University of Chicago sociologist Samuel A. Stouffer, presented evidence to military commanders that better-educated soldiers were more efficient, exhibited higher morale, and were less likely to desert or suffer a psychoneurotic breakdown than their educationally deprived peers. Military and educational policymakers were galvanized by this finding and joined forces to create the Army Information and Education Division—the education clearinghouse for the common soldier. With the steady support of General George C. Marshall, the chief of staff of the army, who believed wholeheartedly in the transformative power of education, millions of G.I.s made use of the educational services provided to them.
Melinda Pash
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813042077
- eISBN:
- 9780813043456
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813042077.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter chronicles the efforts of lawmakers on Capitol Hill to create legislation to provide veterans of the Korean War era with benefits similar to those enjoyed by the men and women who served ...
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This chapter chronicles the efforts of lawmakers on Capitol Hill to create legislation to provide veterans of the Korean War era with benefits similar to those enjoyed by the men and women who served during World War II. Much debate occurred as legislators tried to strike a balance between fairly rewarding service members and avoiding the abuses and pitfalls of the first G.I. Bill. Finally, in 1952, two years after the start of the Korean War, the Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act (or the Korean War G.I. Bill, as it came to be known) passed as Public Law 550 of the 82nd Congress. Somewhat less generous in its provisions than the original, this one nonetheless offered veterans education, housing, and other assistance.Less
This chapter chronicles the efforts of lawmakers on Capitol Hill to create legislation to provide veterans of the Korean War era with benefits similar to those enjoyed by the men and women who served during World War II. Much debate occurred as legislators tried to strike a balance between fairly rewarding service members and avoiding the abuses and pitfalls of the first G.I. Bill. Finally, in 1952, two years after the start of the Korean War, the Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act (or the Korean War G.I. Bill, as it came to be known) passed as Public Law 550 of the 82nd Congress. Somewhat less generous in its provisions than the original, this one nonetheless offered veterans education, housing, and other assistance.
Mark Boulton
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813042077
- eISBN:
- 9780813043456
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813042077.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter explores the political debates surrounding the passage of the 1966 Cold War G.I. Bill, the first G.I. bill of the Vietnam era. Unlike the earlier World War II and Korean Conflict wartime ...
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This chapter explores the political debates surrounding the passage of the 1966 Cold War G.I. Bill, the first G.I. bill of the Vietnam era. Unlike the earlier World War II and Korean Conflict wartime G.I. bills, the 1966 bill covered all noncombat Cold War veterans and, therefore, proved to be far less generous. Politicians from Great Society liberals to fiscal conservatives deemed that these later veterans had not earned the right to more substantial benefits because they had not faced fire directly. The bill made no distinction between veterans serving in peacetime conditions and Vietnam combat veterans. Consequently, Vietnam veterans were left with a G.I. bill significantly less generous than the one awarded to their predecessors. This chapter reveals how the 1966 bill fell prey to the nuances of both the liberal and conservative economic philosophies of the mid-twentieth century and left a legacy of bitterness among Vietnam veterans.Less
This chapter explores the political debates surrounding the passage of the 1966 Cold War G.I. Bill, the first G.I. bill of the Vietnam era. Unlike the earlier World War II and Korean Conflict wartime G.I. bills, the 1966 bill covered all noncombat Cold War veterans and, therefore, proved to be far less generous. Politicians from Great Society liberals to fiscal conservatives deemed that these later veterans had not earned the right to more substantial benefits because they had not faced fire directly. The bill made no distinction between veterans serving in peacetime conditions and Vietnam combat veterans. Consequently, Vietnam veterans were left with a G.I. bill significantly less generous than the one awarded to their predecessors. This chapter reveals how the 1966 bill fell prey to the nuances of both the liberal and conservative economic philosophies of the mid-twentieth century and left a legacy of bitterness among Vietnam veterans.
Mark Boulton
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814724873
- eISBN:
- 9780814760420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814724873.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This book explores the contentious political debates over the Vietnam-era G.I. Bills and their impact on Vietnam War veterans' education benefits. It discusses the legislative history behind the ...
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This book explores the contentious political debates over the Vietnam-era G.I. Bills and their impact on Vietnam War veterans' education benefits. It discusses the legislative history behind the Vietnam-era G.I. Bills, starting with the 1944 G.I. Bill of Rights, or Servicemen's Readjustment Act, as well as the main politicians involved in their passage in order to understand how legislation that failed to fulfill many of the needs of Vietnam veterans came into being. It argues that a combination of political challenges resulted in education benefits for Vietnam-era veterans that were inferior to those received by their World War II counterparts. The book focuses on the two dominant strains of postwar American political ideology, liberalism and conservatism, and their implications for veterans' benefits. It also examines the postwar debates on federal compensation for military service that led to a reevaluation of the meaning of citizenship in America during the Cold War era.Less
This book explores the contentious political debates over the Vietnam-era G.I. Bills and their impact on Vietnam War veterans' education benefits. It discusses the legislative history behind the Vietnam-era G.I. Bills, starting with the 1944 G.I. Bill of Rights, or Servicemen's Readjustment Act, as well as the main politicians involved in their passage in order to understand how legislation that failed to fulfill many of the needs of Vietnam veterans came into being. It argues that a combination of political challenges resulted in education benefits for Vietnam-era veterans that were inferior to those received by their World War II counterparts. The book focuses on the two dominant strains of postwar American political ideology, liberalism and conservatism, and their implications for veterans' benefits. It also examines the postwar debates on federal compensation for military service that led to a reevaluation of the meaning of citizenship in America during the Cold War era.
Nancy Beck Young
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813042077
- eISBN:
- 9780813043456
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813042077.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines the fight in Congress over the creation of the G.I. Bill of Rights, placing the episode in the larger context of postwar reconversion. The chapter argues that the G.I. Bill, ...
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This chapter examines the fight in Congress over the creation of the G.I. Bill of Rights, placing the episode in the larger context of postwar reconversion. The chapter argues that the G.I. Bill, long celebrated as an important contribution to social welfare policy in the United States, represented a much more conservative approach than implementing a cradle-to-grave social security system that provided health care for all. Liberals in Congress fought for the latter at the same time the G.I. Bill was being considered. That they lost was no surprise but was in keeping with the important wartime shifts away from the New Deal welfare state and toward a less liberal warfare state.Less
This chapter examines the fight in Congress over the creation of the G.I. Bill of Rights, placing the episode in the larger context of postwar reconversion. The chapter argues that the G.I. Bill, long celebrated as an important contribution to social welfare policy in the United States, represented a much more conservative approach than implementing a cradle-to-grave social security system that provided health care for all. Liberals in Congress fought for the latter at the same time the G.I. Bill was being considered. That they lost was no surprise but was in keeping with the important wartime shifts away from the New Deal welfare state and toward a less liberal warfare state.
Stephen R. Ortiz (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813042077
- eISBN:
- 9780813043456
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813042077.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This anthology compiles some of the best new work on the formation and impact of veterans’ policy, the politics of veterans’ issues, and veterans’ political engagement over the course of the ...
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This anthology compiles some of the best new work on the formation and impact of veterans’ policy, the politics of veterans’ issues, and veterans’ political engagement over the course of the twentieth- and twenty-first centuries in the United States. To date, this research on veterans’ policy and veterans’ politics has remained segregated within disparate social science disciplines and their subfields. To counter this trend, Veterans’ Policies, Veterans’ Politics brings together the work of scholars in history, the history of medicine and science, and political science to highlight veterans’ issues as a field of interdisciplinary inquiry and debate unto itself. The work of the contributors to this collection asks us to examine veterans’ issues as a window into the larger topics of modern American history and to explore the continuing political implications of military service. Topics of analysis such as social welfare, health care, disability, and employment invariably come into sharper focus. But the essays also prod us into recognizing the centrality of veterans’ issues and politics to modern state formation, the rise of interest group politics, understandings of citizenship, and American political culture and behavior. Ultimately, this volume emphasizes the need and importance of veterans’ scholarship to understanding the modern United States.Less
This anthology compiles some of the best new work on the formation and impact of veterans’ policy, the politics of veterans’ issues, and veterans’ political engagement over the course of the twentieth- and twenty-first centuries in the United States. To date, this research on veterans’ policy and veterans’ politics has remained segregated within disparate social science disciplines and their subfields. To counter this trend, Veterans’ Policies, Veterans’ Politics brings together the work of scholars in history, the history of medicine and science, and political science to highlight veterans’ issues as a field of interdisciplinary inquiry and debate unto itself. The work of the contributors to this collection asks us to examine veterans’ issues as a window into the larger topics of modern American history and to explore the continuing political implications of military service. Topics of analysis such as social welfare, health care, disability, and employment invariably come into sharper focus. But the essays also prod us into recognizing the centrality of veterans’ issues and politics to modern state formation, the rise of interest group politics, understandings of citizenship, and American political culture and behavior. Ultimately, this volume emphasizes the need and importance of veterans’ scholarship to understanding the modern United States.
Mark Boulton
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814724873
- eISBN:
- 9780814760420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814724873.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter traces the history of federal debates over war veterans' benefits from the early Republic to the Vietnam era. After discussing the origins of offering compensation for the hazards of ...
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This chapter traces the history of federal debates over war veterans' benefits from the early Republic to the Vietnam era. After discussing the origins of offering compensation for the hazards of military service, the chapter considers the evolution of the G.I. Bills and the controversies surrounding them. It shows that, for ideological and economic reasons, the provision of veterans' benefits has been a contested issue in American politics since the Civil War. It also examines arguments by politicians from Thomas Jefferson through Franklin D. Roosevelt that military service should be a natural obligation of citizenship rather than a basis for ongoing federal benefits, along with claims that the cost of benefits placed an unnecessary financial burden on the government. Finally, it explains how the enactment of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 paved the way for a model that provides benefits to future generations of veterans.Less
This chapter traces the history of federal debates over war veterans' benefits from the early Republic to the Vietnam era. After discussing the origins of offering compensation for the hazards of military service, the chapter considers the evolution of the G.I. Bills and the controversies surrounding them. It shows that, for ideological and economic reasons, the provision of veterans' benefits has been a contested issue in American politics since the Civil War. It also examines arguments by politicians from Thomas Jefferson through Franklin D. Roosevelt that military service should be a natural obligation of citizenship rather than a basis for ongoing federal benefits, along with claims that the cost of benefits placed an unnecessary financial burden on the government. Finally, it explains how the enactment of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 paved the way for a model that provides benefits to future generations of veterans.
Mark Boulton
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814724873
- eISBN:
- 9780814760420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814724873.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This book concludes with an assessment of the impact of education benefits on Vietnam War veterans' educational attainment as well as their life earnings. It cites statistics concerning the number of ...
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This book concludes with an assessment of the impact of education benefits on Vietnam War veterans' educational attainment as well as their life earnings. It cites statistics concerning the number of eligible veterans who claimed their education benefits, their educational attainment, and earnings. It also considers some of the problems that continued to compromise the benefits program's effectiveness right up until its demise, including the restrictions experienced by Vietnam veterans on the education they could attain and the quality of education offered under the G.I. Bills. Finally, it highlights veterans' belief that the “chance for learning” mentioned by Tim O'Brien at the Vietnam Veterans Day in Washington, DC in March 1974 never materialized, suggesting that the G.I. Bill was a failure for the Vietnam generation.Less
This book concludes with an assessment of the impact of education benefits on Vietnam War veterans' educational attainment as well as their life earnings. It cites statistics concerning the number of eligible veterans who claimed their education benefits, their educational attainment, and earnings. It also considers some of the problems that continued to compromise the benefits program's effectiveness right up until its demise, including the restrictions experienced by Vietnam veterans on the education they could attain and the quality of education offered under the G.I. Bills. Finally, it highlights veterans' belief that the “chance for learning” mentioned by Tim O'Brien at the Vietnam Veterans Day in Washington, DC in March 1974 never materialized, suggesting that the G.I. Bill was a failure for the Vietnam generation.
Mark Boulton
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814724873
- eISBN:
- 9780814760420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814724873.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines the role of Vietnam veterans in the legislative story of the G.I. Bills, with particular emphasis on the difficulties they encountered in organizing as a coherent lobbying ...
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This chapter examines the role of Vietnam veterans in the legislative story of the G.I. Bills, with particular emphasis on the difficulties they encountered in organizing as a coherent lobbying force. While the calls for an improved G.I. Bill were addressed in Congress and covered by the press, Vietnam War veterans seemed to be either reluctant or unable to organize into a coherent force that could put significant pressure on lawmakers trying to derail their readjustment. There ware few large-scale national organizations to promote the specific needs of returning Vietnam veterans. Perhaps the most visible Vietnam veterans' group was the Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW). This chapter considers the experience of returning veterans as college students in various campuses as well as their academic performance. It shows that most veterans did not face overt hostility from their fellow students and, while not attaining the same profile or notoriety on campus as World War II veterans, demonstrated a similar devotion to their studies and a similar academic excellence.Less
This chapter examines the role of Vietnam veterans in the legislative story of the G.I. Bills, with particular emphasis on the difficulties they encountered in organizing as a coherent lobbying force. While the calls for an improved G.I. Bill were addressed in Congress and covered by the press, Vietnam War veterans seemed to be either reluctant or unable to organize into a coherent force that could put significant pressure on lawmakers trying to derail their readjustment. There ware few large-scale national organizations to promote the specific needs of returning Vietnam veterans. Perhaps the most visible Vietnam veterans' group was the Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW). This chapter considers the experience of returning veterans as college students in various campuses as well as their academic performance. It shows that most veterans did not face overt hostility from their fellow students and, while not attaining the same profile or notoriety on campus as World War II veterans, demonstrated a similar devotion to their studies and a similar academic excellence.
Christopher P. Loss
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691148274
- eISBN:
- 9781400840052
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691148274.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This book tracks the dramatic outcomes of the federal government's growing involvement in higher education between World War I and the 1970s, and the conservative backlash against that involvement ...
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This book tracks the dramatic outcomes of the federal government's growing involvement in higher education between World War I and the 1970s, and the conservative backlash against that involvement from the 1980s onward. The book recovers higher education's central importance to the larger social and political history of the United States in the twentieth century, and chronicles its transformation into a key mediating institution between citizens and the state. Framed around the three major federal higher education policies of the twentieth century—the 1944 G.I. Bill, the 1958 National Defense Education Act, and the 1965 Higher Education Act—the book charts the federal government's various efforts to deploy education to ready citizens for the national, bureaucratized, and increasingly global world in which they lived. It details the myriad ways in which academic leaders and students shaped, and were shaped by, the state's shifting political agenda as it moved from a preoccupation with economic security during the Great Depression, to national security during World War II and the Cold War, to securing the rights of African Americans, women, and other previously marginalized groups during the 1960s and 1970s. Along the way, the book reappraises the origins of higher education's current-day diversity regime, the growth of identity group politics, and the privatization of citizenship at the close of the twentieth century. At a time when people's faith in government and higher education is being sorely tested, this book sheds new light on the close relations between American higher education and politics.Less
This book tracks the dramatic outcomes of the federal government's growing involvement in higher education between World War I and the 1970s, and the conservative backlash against that involvement from the 1980s onward. The book recovers higher education's central importance to the larger social and political history of the United States in the twentieth century, and chronicles its transformation into a key mediating institution between citizens and the state. Framed around the three major federal higher education policies of the twentieth century—the 1944 G.I. Bill, the 1958 National Defense Education Act, and the 1965 Higher Education Act—the book charts the federal government's various efforts to deploy education to ready citizens for the national, bureaucratized, and increasingly global world in which they lived. It details the myriad ways in which academic leaders and students shaped, and were shaped by, the state's shifting political agenda as it moved from a preoccupation with economic security during the Great Depression, to national security during World War II and the Cold War, to securing the rights of African Americans, women, and other previously marginalized groups during the 1960s and 1970s. Along the way, the book reappraises the origins of higher education's current-day diversity regime, the growth of identity group politics, and the privatization of citizenship at the close of the twentieth century. At a time when people's faith in government and higher education is being sorely tested, this book sheds new light on the close relations between American higher education and politics.
Isser Woloch
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780300124354
- eISBN:
- 9780300242683
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300124354.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter explores the launching of progressive visions for the postwar in the U.S. As the CIO-PAC (CIO-Political Action Committee) produced a flurry of electoral activism, it also crystalized a ...
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This chapter explores the launching of progressive visions for the postwar in the U.S. As the CIO-PAC (CIO-Political Action Committee) produced a flurry of electoral activism, it also crystalized a progressive program for postwar America. Its principal manifesto, The People's Program for 1944, raised a progressive standard for renewal in the postwar moment. The manifesto demanded jobs for all with adequate wages; affordable housing; provision for all of adequate medical care; equality of educational opportunity; and improved protection from the economic perils of old age, sickness, accident, or unemployment. The chapter then considers Franklin Roosevelt's re-election campaign; Harry Truman's approach to reconversion after V-J Day; the conflicts between big business and big labor during the postwar moment; the impact of the G.I. Bill of Rights; and the Republican sweep of Congress in the election of 1946 and its direct result: passage of the anti-union Taft–Hartley labor law.Less
This chapter explores the launching of progressive visions for the postwar in the U.S. As the CIO-PAC (CIO-Political Action Committee) produced a flurry of electoral activism, it also crystalized a progressive program for postwar America. Its principal manifesto, The People's Program for 1944, raised a progressive standard for renewal in the postwar moment. The manifesto demanded jobs for all with adequate wages; affordable housing; provision for all of adequate medical care; equality of educational opportunity; and improved protection from the economic perils of old age, sickness, accident, or unemployment. The chapter then considers Franklin Roosevelt's re-election campaign; Harry Truman's approach to reconversion after V-J Day; the conflicts between big business and big labor during the postwar moment; the impact of the G.I. Bill of Rights; and the Republican sweep of Congress in the election of 1946 and its direct result: passage of the anti-union Taft–Hartley labor law.
Robert J. Kaczorowski
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780823239559
- eISBN:
- 9780823239597
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823239559.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Social History
Chapter 5 discusses the impact of World War II on law students and legal education and the nation’s and state’s responses. Dean Wilkinson again played a leading role in shaping and achieving changes ...
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Chapter 5 discusses the impact of World War II on law students and legal education and the nation’s and state’s responses. Dean Wilkinson again played a leading role in shaping and achieving changes in national and state standards to accommodate law students who were drafted out of law school and returning veterans. It explains accelerated programs and the establishment of summer sessions with rolling enrollments and graduations during the war. The Law School admitted foreign educated lawyers who fled Nazi Germany and countries it occupied to practice law in the U.S. Law School graduates gained access to positions with the city’s elite law firms. After the war the Law School joined a select group of law schools in adopting a college degree requirement for admission. The G.I. Bill strengthened the Law School’s financial condition, but Fordham University continued to use the Law School to subsidize its other divisions. This prevented the Law School from adopting changes in its program that were occurring in the leading law schools. It also continued Dean Wilkinson’s practice-oriented conception of legal education, and the Law School lost its place as the second law school in New York City to New York University School of Law.Less
Chapter 5 discusses the impact of World War II on law students and legal education and the nation’s and state’s responses. Dean Wilkinson again played a leading role in shaping and achieving changes in national and state standards to accommodate law students who were drafted out of law school and returning veterans. It explains accelerated programs and the establishment of summer sessions with rolling enrollments and graduations during the war. The Law School admitted foreign educated lawyers who fled Nazi Germany and countries it occupied to practice law in the U.S. Law School graduates gained access to positions with the city’s elite law firms. After the war the Law School joined a select group of law schools in adopting a college degree requirement for admission. The G.I. Bill strengthened the Law School’s financial condition, but Fordham University continued to use the Law School to subsidize its other divisions. This prevented the Law School from adopting changes in its program that were occurring in the leading law schools. It also continued Dean Wilkinson’s practice-oriented conception of legal education, and the Law School lost its place as the second law school in New York City to New York University School of Law.
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226467429
- eISBN:
- 9780226470023
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226470023.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines the challenges faced by the veterans with the housing shortage in the U.S. in the late 1940s and early 1950s. It explains that during this period, the U.S. experienced a period ...
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This chapter examines the challenges faced by the veterans with the housing shortage in the U.S. in the late 1940s and early 1950s. It explains that during this period, the U.S. experienced a period of high inflation and most jobs were available in metropolises. It highlights the importance of G.I. Bill in helping veterans send their children going to school and in purchasing property with little or no down payment. This chapter also discusses the success of William J. Levitt in the real estate business.Less
This chapter examines the challenges faced by the veterans with the housing shortage in the U.S. in the late 1940s and early 1950s. It explains that during this period, the U.S. experienced a period of high inflation and most jobs were available in metropolises. It highlights the importance of G.I. Bill in helping veterans send their children going to school and in purchasing property with little or no down payment. This chapter also discusses the success of William J. Levitt in the real estate business.
Steven Conn (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199858538
- eISBN:
- 9780190254537
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199858538.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Americans love to hate their government, and a long tradition of anti-government suspicion reaches back to debates among the founders of the nation. But the election of Barack Obama has created a ...
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Americans love to hate their government, and a long tradition of anti-government suspicion reaches back to debates among the founders of the nation. But the election of Barack Obama has created a backlash rivaled only by the anti-government hysteria that preceded the Civil War. Lost in all the Tea Party rage and rhetoric is this simple fact: the federal government plays a central role in making society function, and it always has. This book explores the many ways government programs have improved the quality of life in America. The chapters cover everything from education, communication, and transportation to arts and culture, housing, finance, and public health. They explore how and why government programs originated, how they have worked and changed—and been challenged—since their inception, and why many of them are important to preserve. The book shows how the Works Progress Administration (WPA) provided vital, in some cases career-saving, assistance to artists and writers like Jackson Pollock, Dorothea Lange, Richard Wright, John Cheever, and scores of others; how millions of students from diverse backgrounds have benefited and continue to benefit from the G.I. Bill, Fulbright scholarships, and federally insured student loans; and how the federal government created an Interstate highway system unparalleled in the world, linking the entire nation. These are just a few examples of highly successful programs the book celebrates, and that anti-government critics typically ignore.Less
Americans love to hate their government, and a long tradition of anti-government suspicion reaches back to debates among the founders of the nation. But the election of Barack Obama has created a backlash rivaled only by the anti-government hysteria that preceded the Civil War. Lost in all the Tea Party rage and rhetoric is this simple fact: the federal government plays a central role in making society function, and it always has. This book explores the many ways government programs have improved the quality of life in America. The chapters cover everything from education, communication, and transportation to arts and culture, housing, finance, and public health. They explore how and why government programs originated, how they have worked and changed—and been challenged—since their inception, and why many of them are important to preserve. The book shows how the Works Progress Administration (WPA) provided vital, in some cases career-saving, assistance to artists and writers like Jackson Pollock, Dorothea Lange, Richard Wright, John Cheever, and scores of others; how millions of students from diverse backgrounds have benefited and continue to benefit from the G.I. Bill, Fulbright scholarships, and federally insured student loans; and how the federal government created an Interstate highway system unparalleled in the world, linking the entire nation. These are just a few examples of highly successful programs the book celebrates, and that anti-government critics typically ignore.
