Don Rose and Cam Patterson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469625263
- eISBN:
- 9781469625287
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469625263.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
A university startup has a number of characteristics, many of which are common to any startup. Central to the startup is the business model, the mechanism by which the company will create, market, ...
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A university startup has a number of characteristics, many of which are common to any startup. Central to the startup is the business model, the mechanism by which the company will create, market, and sell products and services in exchange for money from the customer. In addition, university startups involve many discrete operations including technology development, product development, sales and marketing, and manufacturing. The university startup is set in the context of an ecosystem composed of the university, people, and money. The university provides the innovation, usually in the form of intellectual property by way of a license, around which the startup is formed. People provide the expertise, management, judgement, decision-making, advice, and connections essential for launching and growing a startup. Money is the fuel to build the startup. It comes in two basic forms: dilutive and non-dilutive. The former involving a sharing of the company ownership and the latter not.Less
A university startup has a number of characteristics, many of which are common to any startup. Central to the startup is the business model, the mechanism by which the company will create, market, and sell products and services in exchange for money from the customer. In addition, university startups involve many discrete operations including technology development, product development, sales and marketing, and manufacturing. The university startup is set in the context of an ecosystem composed of the university, people, and money. The university provides the innovation, usually in the form of intellectual property by way of a license, around which the startup is formed. People provide the expertise, management, judgement, decision-making, advice, and connections essential for launching and growing a startup. Money is the fuel to build the startup. It comes in two basic forms: dilutive and non-dilutive. The former involving a sharing of the company ownership and the latter not.
James Herbert
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264294
- eISBN:
- 9780191734335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264294.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
This chapter discusses how the government agreed to the commitment of establishing an Arts and Humanities Research Council. Following the achievement, aspiration, and resistance in the early years of ...
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This chapter discusses how the government agreed to the commitment of establishing an Arts and Humanities Research Council. Following the achievement, aspiration, and resistance in the early years of the AHRB, Margaret Hodge, who was the Minister of Lifelong Learning and Higher Education in the UK Department of Education and Skills, formulated a Review of Arts and Humanities Research Funding. This review was carried out on behalf of the Ministers responsible for the higher education in England, Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland. The review aimed to recommend how to enhance support for arts and humanities, including how to encourage government support on such relevant issues. Of the 117 responses from the formal consultations, 114 – 97 per cent – agreed to the need for an organisation dedicated to arts and humanities. The review was subjected to the deliberations and considerations of the Steering Group. The report made by the group was eventually given to the Education Ministers. The Report of the Steering Group lauded the AHRB which despite its provisional start and status made contributions to society and the sciences. Whilst the government made slow progress on the approval of the creation of the AHRB, in January 22, 2003 the government approved the establishment of an Arts and Humanities Research Council which according to the government should be a fully functioning and statutory research council by 2005.Less
This chapter discusses how the government agreed to the commitment of establishing an Arts and Humanities Research Council. Following the achievement, aspiration, and resistance in the early years of the AHRB, Margaret Hodge, who was the Minister of Lifelong Learning and Higher Education in the UK Department of Education and Skills, formulated a Review of Arts and Humanities Research Funding. This review was carried out on behalf of the Ministers responsible for the higher education in England, Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland. The review aimed to recommend how to enhance support for arts and humanities, including how to encourage government support on such relevant issues. Of the 117 responses from the formal consultations, 114 – 97 per cent – agreed to the need for an organisation dedicated to arts and humanities. The review was subjected to the deliberations and considerations of the Steering Group. The report made by the group was eventually given to the Education Ministers. The Report of the Steering Group lauded the AHRB which despite its provisional start and status made contributions to society and the sciences. Whilst the government made slow progress on the approval of the creation of the AHRB, in January 22, 2003 the government approved the establishment of an Arts and Humanities Research Council which according to the government should be a fully functioning and statutory research council by 2005.
Bob Hudson
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781447355694
- eISBN:
- 9781447355731
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447355694.003.0007
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Chapter 6 examines the crucial contexts of funding and administration. What scale of resources is needed to ensure adult social care is able to meet anticipated need? And how can local government be ...
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Chapter 6 examines the crucial contexts of funding and administration. What scale of resources is needed to ensure adult social care is able to meet anticipated need? And how can local government be strengthened to fulfil its statutory functions?Less
Chapter 6 examines the crucial contexts of funding and administration. What scale of resources is needed to ensure adult social care is able to meet anticipated need? And how can local government be strengthened to fulfil its statutory functions?
Kimberly A. Scott
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780252044083
- eISBN:
- 9780252053023
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252044083.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This final chapter provides more up-to-date examples of funding and programmatic efforts for girls of color. How COMPUGIRLS as a program fits, or not, into more current initiatives is explored. ...
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This final chapter provides more up-to-date examples of funding and programmatic efforts for girls of color. How COMPUGIRLS as a program fits, or not, into more current initiatives is explored. Questions appear concerning the impact of recent measures along with suggestions on what should and could be considered for girls of color, given current circumstances.Less
This final chapter provides more up-to-date examples of funding and programmatic efforts for girls of color. How COMPUGIRLS as a program fits, or not, into more current initiatives is explored. Questions appear concerning the impact of recent measures along with suggestions on what should and could be considered for girls of color, given current circumstances.
Bob Hudson
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781447355694
- eISBN:
- 9781447355731
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447355694.003.0009
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Chapter 8 looks at the impact of Coronavirus on adult social care. Was it a system able to withstand an emergency event? How was the position of the sector understood by politicians and ...
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Chapter 8 looks at the impact of Coronavirus on adult social care. Was it a system able to withstand an emergency event? How was the position of the sector understood by politicians and policy-makers? What lessons can be learned for the future?Less
Chapter 8 looks at the impact of Coronavirus on adult social care. Was it a system able to withstand an emergency event? How was the position of the sector understood by politicians and policy-makers? What lessons can be learned for the future?
Brian Pugh
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781496830197
- eISBN:
- 9781496830234
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496830197.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This chapter discusses Bill Allain’s contributions to the budget making process as governor. The Mississippi Supreme Court’s decision in the Alexander case made Allain the first governor to serve ...
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This chapter discusses Bill Allain’s contributions to the budget making process as governor. The Mississippi Supreme Court’s decision in the Alexander case made Allain the first governor to serve under the new reorganization act. Chapter 3 takes a look at how Allain adjusted to the new budget making process post reorganization. This chapter discusses the establishment of the Fiscal Management Board and how Allain utilized executive budget powers, designated to governors, to force the legislature to provide more funding to the Mississippi Highway Department.Less
This chapter discusses Bill Allain’s contributions to the budget making process as governor. The Mississippi Supreme Court’s decision in the Alexander case made Allain the first governor to serve under the new reorganization act. Chapter 3 takes a look at how Allain adjusted to the new budget making process post reorganization. This chapter discusses the establishment of the Fiscal Management Board and how Allain utilized executive budget powers, designated to governors, to force the legislature to provide more funding to the Mississippi Highway Department.
Brian Pugh
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781496830197
- eISBN:
- 9781496830234
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496830197.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This chapter discusses budget power that was briefly enhanced under Governor Ray Mabus at the beginning of his administration. It shows how Mabus fended off an attempt by the legislature to weaken ...
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This chapter discusses budget power that was briefly enhanced under Governor Ray Mabus at the beginning of his administration. It shows how Mabus fended off an attempt by the legislature to weaken executive budget authority by vetoing S.B. 2214. Chapter 4 explains how Mabus worked with the legislature to abolish the Fiscal Management Board and replace it with the Department of Finance and Administration (DFA). This chapter also looks at the efforts made by Mabus to get more funding for public education, more specifically, funding for Mississippi’s B.E.S.T. (Better Education for Success Tomorrow) program.Less
This chapter discusses budget power that was briefly enhanced under Governor Ray Mabus at the beginning of his administration. It shows how Mabus fended off an attempt by the legislature to weaken executive budget authority by vetoing S.B. 2214. Chapter 4 explains how Mabus worked with the legislature to abolish the Fiscal Management Board and replace it with the Department of Finance and Administration (DFA). This chapter also looks at the efforts made by Mabus to get more funding for public education, more specifically, funding for Mississippi’s B.E.S.T. (Better Education for Success Tomorrow) program.
Brian Pugh
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781496830197
- eISBN:
- 9781496830234
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496830197.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Political History
Chapter 7 discusses Governor Ronny Musgrove, a former member of the Joint Legislative Budget Committee (JLBC), who was familiar with the budget making process. This chapter shows how Musgrove was ...
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Chapter 7 discusses Governor Ronny Musgrove, a former member of the Joint Legislative Budget Committee (JLBC), who was familiar with the budget making process. This chapter shows how Musgrove was successful in getting more funding for total education (especially K – 12) although he had a less than ideal relationship with the legislature. The constant disputes between the legislature and Musgrove resulted in the legislature overriding 47 of the 58 gubernatorial vetoes in one legislative session (2001 legislative session). Former Musgrove ally, Speaker Tim Ford, attributed the governor’s lack of fiscal success to his lack of communication with the legislature.Less
Chapter 7 discusses Governor Ronny Musgrove, a former member of the Joint Legislative Budget Committee (JLBC), who was familiar with the budget making process. This chapter shows how Musgrove was successful in getting more funding for total education (especially K – 12) although he had a less than ideal relationship with the legislature. The constant disputes between the legislature and Musgrove resulted in the legislature overriding 47 of the 58 gubernatorial vetoes in one legislative session (2001 legislative session). Former Musgrove ally, Speaker Tim Ford, attributed the governor’s lack of fiscal success to his lack of communication with the legislature.
Anna Boucher
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719099458
- eISBN:
- 9781526104212
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099458.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Chapter 8 considers the internal dynamics of diversity seeking organisations and the implications for their engagement in skilled immigration policy processes. Undertaking an audit of all major ...
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Chapter 8 considers the internal dynamics of diversity seeking organisations and the implications for their engagement in skilled immigration policy processes. Undertaking an audit of all major organisations in the field in Australia and Canada, this chapter demonstrates the importance of funding diversity, coalition building and a flat organisational structure for diversity-seeking group strength, itself a necessary precursor to venue shopping. The chapter concludes by considering the practical policy and theoretical implications of the gender analysis presented in the book.Less
Chapter 8 considers the internal dynamics of diversity seeking organisations and the implications for their engagement in skilled immigration policy processes. Undertaking an audit of all major organisations in the field in Australia and Canada, this chapter demonstrates the importance of funding diversity, coalition building and a flat organisational structure for diversity-seeking group strength, itself a necessary precursor to venue shopping. The chapter concludes by considering the practical policy and theoretical implications of the gender analysis presented in the book.
Rob Merkin and Jenny Steele
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199645749
- eISBN:
- 9780191747823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199645749.003.0013
- Subject:
- Law, Law of Obligations
Illustrates the pervasive influence of insurance in the conduct of civil litigation and the enforcement of rights, affecting which claims are brought; how they are framed; and how they are defended. ...
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Illustrates the pervasive influence of insurance in the conduct of civil litigation and the enforcement of rights, affecting which claims are brought; how they are framed; and how they are defended. Draws on legal provisions and reforms to explain how deep and wide the influence of insurance is in shaping the process of claiming. Analyses the role of insurance in assisting the claimant in financing a claim; sets out the impact of the defendant’s liability insurance upon the manner in which the claim is made and its defence; and reviews the operation of the third party legislation, which converts liability insurance into a mechanism for the enforcement of judgments. Shows how insurance affects the way in which liability is established and, ultimately, satisfiedLess
Illustrates the pervasive influence of insurance in the conduct of civil litigation and the enforcement of rights, affecting which claims are brought; how they are framed; and how they are defended. Draws on legal provisions and reforms to explain how deep and wide the influence of insurance is in shaping the process of claiming. Analyses the role of insurance in assisting the claimant in financing a claim; sets out the impact of the defendant’s liability insurance upon the manner in which the claim is made and its defence; and reviews the operation of the third party legislation, which converts liability insurance into a mechanism for the enforcement of judgments. Shows how insurance affects the way in which liability is established and, ultimately, satisfied
Licia do Prado Valladares
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781469649986
- eISBN:
- 9781469650005
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649986.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Chapter 4 concludes by pointing out the current way favelas are now seen, thanks to the three dogmas introduced in the previous chapter. Researchers through their census have seen that, contrary to ...
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Chapter 4 concludes by pointing out the current way favelas are now seen, thanks to the three dogmas introduced in the previous chapter. Researchers through their census have seen that, contrary to popular belief, there are high levels of heterogeneity in the favela communities. Favelas do not just house one type of person but a diverse group. Yet, favelas continue to be categorized as for “the poor” by International NGOs and governments. Social Tourism is also spoken of in the concluding chapter. Favelas such as the Rocinha give paid tours to tourists, but they also aim to show the favelas’ good aspects in order to eliminate their negative connotation.Less
Chapter 4 concludes by pointing out the current way favelas are now seen, thanks to the three dogmas introduced in the previous chapter. Researchers through their census have seen that, contrary to popular belief, there are high levels of heterogeneity in the favela communities. Favelas do not just house one type of person but a diverse group. Yet, favelas continue to be categorized as for “the poor” by International NGOs and governments. Social Tourism is also spoken of in the concluding chapter. Favelas such as the Rocinha give paid tours to tourists, but they also aim to show the favelas’ good aspects in order to eliminate their negative connotation.
Crystal R. Sanders
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469627809
- eISBN:
- 9781469627823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469627809.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter provides an overview of black Mississippians’ long quest for education. Beginning in the antebellum period, African Americans linked education to freedom. After the Civil War, ...
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This chapter provides an overview of black Mississippians’ long quest for education. Beginning in the antebellum period, African Americans linked education to freedom. After the Civil War, freedpeople lobbied for the establishment of universal public schools and Mississippi created a state-wide system of public schools in 1870. Gross funding inequity existed between white and black education in Mississippi but the state’s disfranchisement of black voters prevented African Americans from unseating elected officials who denied their children quality education. Black parents double taxed themselves and made private contributions to finance public schools because of the funding shortfalls. Their commitment to quality education intensified after the United States Supreme Court declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional in the landmark 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision. White supremacists, however, evaded the court order, so only a handful of black students had enrolled in previously all white schools by 1965. Black Mississippians thus turned to Head Start as an avenue for liberation.Less
This chapter provides an overview of black Mississippians’ long quest for education. Beginning in the antebellum period, African Americans linked education to freedom. After the Civil War, freedpeople lobbied for the establishment of universal public schools and Mississippi created a state-wide system of public schools in 1870. Gross funding inequity existed between white and black education in Mississippi but the state’s disfranchisement of black voters prevented African Americans from unseating elected officials who denied their children quality education. Black parents double taxed themselves and made private contributions to finance public schools because of the funding shortfalls. Their commitment to quality education intensified after the United States Supreme Court declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional in the landmark 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision. White supremacists, however, evaded the court order, so only a handful of black students had enrolled in previously all white schools by 1965. Black Mississippians thus turned to Head Start as an avenue for liberation.
John Holmwood and Therese O’Toole
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447344131
- eISBN:
- 9781447344179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447344131.003.0005
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
This chapter details the specific requirements of religious education and collective worship in non-faith schools and the nature of the agreed syllabus for religious education in Birmingham. The main ...
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This chapter details the specific requirements of religious education and collective worship in non-faith schools and the nature of the agreed syllabus for religious education in Birmingham. The main difference between faith and non-faith schools concerns the recruitment of teachers and other staff — for example, whether a particular faith-background can be required — and pupil selection — for example, whether this can be from a particular faith background. In schools with a religious foundation, religious education and collective worship will reflect the Trust deeds of the school, whereas those schools without a religious foundation will either follow the locally agreed syllabus or, in the case of academies and free schools, a religious education syllabus of their choosing in line with their contract with the Education Funding Agency (EFA).Less
This chapter details the specific requirements of religious education and collective worship in non-faith schools and the nature of the agreed syllabus for religious education in Birmingham. The main difference between faith and non-faith schools concerns the recruitment of teachers and other staff — for example, whether a particular faith-background can be required — and pupil selection — for example, whether this can be from a particular faith background. In schools with a religious foundation, religious education and collective worship will reflect the Trust deeds of the school, whereas those schools without a religious foundation will either follow the locally agreed syllabus or, in the case of academies and free schools, a religious education syllabus of their choosing in line with their contract with the Education Funding Agency (EFA).
Cynthia J. Cranford
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781501749254
- eISBN:
- 9781501749285
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501749254.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Health, Illness, and Medicine
This chapter examines the Direct Funding Program of Ontario's Self-Managed Attendant Services. The evident willingness of self-managers and personal attendants to engage in relational work and the ...
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This chapter examines the Direct Funding Program of Ontario's Self-Managed Attendant Services. The evident willingness of self-managers and personal attendants to engage in relational work and the still unmet labor market security of workers were both necessary for self-managers to realize the Direct Funding Program's promise of flexibility. However, within a context of insufficient funding and little to no collective backing, this program produced labor market insecurity for workers, in the form of insufficient hours, earnings, and protection. Moreover, the position of workers in the broader racialized and gendered labor market shaped their labor market choices, or lack thereof, and shaped their experience at the intimate level. Failing to address broader racialized and gendered labor market insecurity not only has implications for workers who are less able to negotiate what they do and how. It also limits the progressive potential to value all forms of intimate labor and to rethink skill.Less
This chapter examines the Direct Funding Program of Ontario's Self-Managed Attendant Services. The evident willingness of self-managers and personal attendants to engage in relational work and the still unmet labor market security of workers were both necessary for self-managers to realize the Direct Funding Program's promise of flexibility. However, within a context of insufficient funding and little to no collective backing, this program produced labor market insecurity for workers, in the form of insufficient hours, earnings, and protection. Moreover, the position of workers in the broader racialized and gendered labor market shaped their labor market choices, or lack thereof, and shaped their experience at the intimate level. Failing to address broader racialized and gendered labor market insecurity not only has implications for workers who are less able to negotiate what they do and how. It also limits the progressive potential to value all forms of intimate labor and to rethink skill.
Jan Van Dyke
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780813062662
- eISBN:
- 9780813051956
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813062662.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
A variety of data show that men now lead the concert dance field in the United States. Not only do they receive jobs as performers and choreographers out of proportion to their representation as ...
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A variety of data show that men now lead the concert dance field in the United States. Not only do they receive jobs as performers and choreographers out of proportion to their representation as dance students, they also more readily achieve acclaim and financial security. Men stand out among dance artists because there is a paucity of them, giving them a professional advantage. This chapter examines funding at the state and national level, including Guggenheim Fellowships, MacArthur Grants, and National Endowment for the Arts Fellowships to see to whom funding goes. Various awards are also scrutinized for gender equity, including the Dance Magazine Award, Capezio Dance Award, Kennedy Center Honors Award, and the National Medal of the Arts. In addition, teaching and choreographing opportunities for men and women are compared.Less
A variety of data show that men now lead the concert dance field in the United States. Not only do they receive jobs as performers and choreographers out of proportion to their representation as dance students, they also more readily achieve acclaim and financial security. Men stand out among dance artists because there is a paucity of them, giving them a professional advantage. This chapter examines funding at the state and national level, including Guggenheim Fellowships, MacArthur Grants, and National Endowment for the Arts Fellowships to see to whom funding goes. Various awards are also scrutinized for gender equity, including the Dance Magazine Award, Capezio Dance Award, Kennedy Center Honors Award, and the National Medal of the Arts. In addition, teaching and choreographing opportunities for men and women are compared.
Michael O'Sullivan
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719088735
- eISBN:
- 9781781707678
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088735.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
This chapter examines important changes that have come to the humanities in Ireland since the nineties. It examines how the IRCHSS and the HEA have radically transformed funding arrangements in the ...
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This chapter examines important changes that have come to the humanities in Ireland since the nineties. It examines how the IRCHSS and the HEA have radically transformed funding arrangements in the humanities. It also looks at how recent reports by the HEA – the Hunt Report – and by the British Government – the Browne Report – have served to overlook the importance of the humanities for a general education. It concludes by pointing to important opportunities available to the humanities in the Irish context.Less
This chapter examines important changes that have come to the humanities in Ireland since the nineties. It examines how the IRCHSS and the HEA have radically transformed funding arrangements in the humanities. It also looks at how recent reports by the HEA – the Hunt Report – and by the British Government – the Browne Report – have served to overlook the importance of the humanities for a general education. It concludes by pointing to important opportunities available to the humanities in the Irish context.
Robyn Klingler-Vidra
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781501723377
- eISBN:
- 9781501723384
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501723377.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
Chapter Three provides VC policy conceptualizations and histories that are essential to understanding what is being diffused. Knowing what the policy model is allows us to specify “what” and “how ...
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Chapter Three provides VC policy conceptualizations and histories that are essential to understanding what is being diffused. Knowing what the policy model is allows us to specify “what” and “how much” adaptation occurs. Venture capital is first depicted as an asset class that provides financial capital (as well as operational expertise and access to professional networks) in exchange for equity in high-growth, start-up companies. The chapter details the rise of the VC industry since its institutionalization in the World War II era and the asset class’s macroeconomic importance, in light of its ability to act as a driver of innovation, employment and economic growth. The chapter defines the categories by which public policymakers have supported VC as: regulation, taxation and funding, and depicts the Silicon Valley model as well as subsequent policy innovations by Israel and Taiwan.Less
Chapter Three provides VC policy conceptualizations and histories that are essential to understanding what is being diffused. Knowing what the policy model is allows us to specify “what” and “how much” adaptation occurs. Venture capital is first depicted as an asset class that provides financial capital (as well as operational expertise and access to professional networks) in exchange for equity in high-growth, start-up companies. The chapter details the rise of the VC industry since its institutionalization in the World War II era and the asset class’s macroeconomic importance, in light of its ability to act as a driver of innovation, employment and economic growth. The chapter defines the categories by which public policymakers have supported VC as: regulation, taxation and funding, and depicts the Silicon Valley model as well as subsequent policy innovations by Israel and Taiwan.
Price Fishback, Jonathan Rose, and Kenneth Snowden
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226082448
- eISBN:
- 9780226082585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226082585.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter describes the basic operations of the HOLC and gives a chronology of its activities. The HOLC bought distressed loans from lenders and refinanced those loans for borrowers from 1933 to ...
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This chapter describes the basic operations of the HOLC and gives a chronology of its activities. The HOLC bought distressed loans from lenders and refinanced those loans for borrowers from 1933 to 1936. It then serviced these loans until its portfolio was finally liquidated in 1952. In performing these roles the HOLC functioned as both a loan refinance program and a bad bank. During its first three years the HOLC determined the scale and scope of its activities by setting eligibility rules for borrowers, by determining the benefits borrowers received from a loan modification, by negotiating with lenders over the purchase price for distressed loans, and by setting the terms of the bonds it issued to finance its activities. After 1936, the HOLC turned its attention to servicing loans, foreclosing upon loans when necessary, and managing and disposing foreclosed properties.Less
This chapter describes the basic operations of the HOLC and gives a chronology of its activities. The HOLC bought distressed loans from lenders and refinanced those loans for borrowers from 1933 to 1936. It then serviced these loans until its portfolio was finally liquidated in 1952. In performing these roles the HOLC functioned as both a loan refinance program and a bad bank. During its first three years the HOLC determined the scale and scope of its activities by setting eligibility rules for borrowers, by determining the benefits borrowers received from a loan modification, by negotiating with lenders over the purchase price for distressed loans, and by setting the terms of the bonds it issued to finance its activities. After 1936, the HOLC turned its attention to servicing loans, foreclosing upon loans when necessary, and managing and disposing foreclosed properties.
Michael H. Carriere and David Schalliol
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780226727226
- eISBN:
- 9780226727363
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226727363.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter demonstrates that the “creative” aspect of creative placemaking is entangled with much more than producing art to attract and entertain the Creative Class. Such arts-related projects can ...
More
This chapter demonstrates that the “creative” aspect of creative placemaking is entangled with much more than producing art to attract and entertain the Creative Class. Such arts-related projects can be more than amenities to be consumed; they can be engines of local culture and economy. At the same time, the work of artists can address employment, along with other aspects of the cost of urban living, from skyrocketing housing prices to racial and economic segregation. Many of such arts-related projects took form during the financial crisis, a fitting beginning for work that now must adapt to an imbalanced economic recovery and a new form of austerity forced not just by the declining revenues of the Great Recession, but also by a federal government intent on withdrawing social supports from the public sector. As local governments weigh what is and is not possible in this new era, artists have been working in the void by designing programs to improve life for those who already live in a place. Their goal is to facilitate opportunities for local residents to lead the production of something, rather than attract the Creative Class to do it for them.Less
This chapter demonstrates that the “creative” aspect of creative placemaking is entangled with much more than producing art to attract and entertain the Creative Class. Such arts-related projects can be more than amenities to be consumed; they can be engines of local culture and economy. At the same time, the work of artists can address employment, along with other aspects of the cost of urban living, from skyrocketing housing prices to racial and economic segregation. Many of such arts-related projects took form during the financial crisis, a fitting beginning for work that now must adapt to an imbalanced economic recovery and a new form of austerity forced not just by the declining revenues of the Great Recession, but also by a federal government intent on withdrawing social supports from the public sector. As local governments weigh what is and is not possible in this new era, artists have been working in the void by designing programs to improve life for those who already live in a place. Their goal is to facilitate opportunities for local residents to lead the production of something, rather than attract the Creative Class to do it for them.
Kate Bradley
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781526136053
- eISBN:
- 9781526150394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7765/9781526136077.00013
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter explores the impact of the Legal Aid and Advice Act 1949 and the post-1948 welfare state on providers of legal advice. It shows how the delays in fully implementing the 1949 Act had ...
More
This chapter explores the impact of the Legal Aid and Advice Act 1949 and the post-1948 welfare state on providers of legal advice. It shows how the delays in fully implementing the 1949 Act had serious repercussions for charities trying to offer a free legal advice service. Innovative approaches, like the neighbourhood law centres, also had difficulties in navigating funding streams and sustaining their services, particularly in the light of changes to local government funding in the 1980s and 1990s. The chapter also looks at the impact of the Benson Commission, and the tensions between the Citizens Advice Bureaux and community work that sought to reach some of the neediest people.Less
This chapter explores the impact of the Legal Aid and Advice Act 1949 and the post-1948 welfare state on providers of legal advice. It shows how the delays in fully implementing the 1949 Act had serious repercussions for charities trying to offer a free legal advice service. Innovative approaches, like the neighbourhood law centres, also had difficulties in navigating funding streams and sustaining their services, particularly in the light of changes to local government funding in the 1980s and 1990s. The chapter also looks at the impact of the Benson Commission, and the tensions between the Citizens Advice Bureaux and community work that sought to reach some of the neediest people.
