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The 1966 paper reproduced here, published in an ecumenically-oriented Christian quarterly, Frontier, sees death as ‘the frontier where physical, mental and spiritual meet’. It advises that pain is neither inevitable nor common in the dying, but that when present it can be complex in manifestation. It can however be controlled by a programme of drugs which still allows the patient to remain alert. Such was the case with ‘Louie’, a long term patient who is quoted at length in the article. Louie's words come from a tape-recorded interview with Cicely Saunders and are presented as an example of ‘pain controlled by drugs while yet the patient is able to entertain an intense spiritual awareness of all that is going on’.

This chapter describes the sport of cowboy action shooting, the gun sport that most explicitly dramatizes the narrative of American Frontier history. It explains that this sport is conducted in a venue that ostensibly gave birth to images of traditional American gender roles and forms of Frontier-oriented entertainment. It argues that cowboy action shooting presents a vision of the American Frontier in which white, middle-class good guys can create small, self-contained communities based on shared values and lifestyles. It describes cowboy shoots governed by the Single Action Shooting Society (SASS).

This chapter considers the impact of World War II on the Kachin region. It examines evidence for the motivations of Kachin volunteers during the war in the Kachin Levies and other organisations. It examines the demographics of this conflict and its impact on the development of politicised Kachin youth groups. It discusses their role in developing political strategy for Kachin State in the Union of Burma at the Panglong Conference and Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry in 1947. The chapter also looks at the developments in this region in a broader regional context to understand how related communities in Burma, India, and China interacted with each other and with their respective national governments during the early post-World War II years.

This final chapter investigates how the kind of political and historical ideas employed among Syriac‐speaking Miaphysites in Mesopotamia were exported elsewhere in the Roman world, focl1sing on the border zones of Rome's conflict with Persia, on Yemen (Himyar) and the lands controlled by the Ghassanid Arab federation (centred in modern‐day northern Jordan). The persecuted missionary church of Miaphysites exported a distinctive paradigm ofhistory, by which new Christian territories such as Himyar could repeat the defining moments of Christian nationhood, the experience of martyrdom and the overthrow of the Jews. Moreover, while this struggle was part of a wider struggle against the Jews, it did not tie Himyar into the political orbit of the Roman lfmpire. It is this evolution of a self‐sufficient political thought in the communities of the late Roman and post‐Roman east that is one of the most important achievements of Miaphysitism in the Syriac‐speaking world.

Just over a century ago, Frederick Jackson Turner presented his famous Frontier Thesis, which continues to be one of the most debated and controversial theories in historical scholarship and has affected all discussions of frontier history worldwide. This chapter explores one aspect of Turner's work that may be applicable to other frontiers — that of the frontier as a zone of economic opportunity. It discusses how military service on the seventeenth-century Ottoman-Hapsburg frontier presented a number of chances for economic advancement to men who were willing to take the risks of living and working along the border. Moving to the frontier offered economic opportunities not found in the interior. In North America, a large part of the opportunity was the potential to acquire land. It is possible that in some cases there was similar opportunity along the seventeenth-century Ottoman-Hapsburg frontier.

In the early 1970s, a team of scientists of the Geological Survey of Israel, while working in the Sinai Peninsula during Israel's occupation of the territory east of the Suez Canal, discovered the remains of what they believed was a canal that ran along Egypt's border with the Sinai. Aerial photography and on-site study led to this identification by the leaders of the team, Amihai Sneh and Tuvia Weissbrod. The close relationship between the Fortress of Tjaru and the canal supports the hypothesis that the canal had a defensive purpose as an extensive moat. If indeed a canal existed along Egypt's border with Sinai during the New Kingdom, and the evidence does support this view, it seems logical to conclude that it would have been an impediment to the Israelites in their Exodus from Egypt. A number of intriguing questions remain to be answered about the Eastern Frontier Canal.

The war on disease has been a primary animating purpose of higher education and the partnership with the public ever since Vannevar Bush wrote the influential paper, Science: The Endless Frontier, that led to the formation of the federal funding research enterprise. The academic medicine function of universities is politically popular and often seen as separate from the ideas that obtain in undergraduate education. Nonetheless, it is important for presidents and trustees to see the relationship closely. The governance of academic medicine is complex and can involve interlocking lay boards and tricky relationships with the board, chancellor or president, and provost.

Beginning with a discussion of the idea of the colonial frontier, the chapter moves to a historical account of the formation of white Australia in the second half of the 19th century. It focuses particularly on the person of the Henry Parkes, once an old Chartist radical and thence becoming a key figure in formulating the idea of the new Commonwealth of Australia as white. A critical issue addressed is the question of the Chinese in Australia. The chapter closes with a reading of the echoes of anti-Chinese, pro-white sentiments in the metropole in the period before the First World War.

Before “Colonel” George Croghan became Sir William Johnson’s British deputy Indian Supervisor, he traveled as far as today’s Cleveland to trade goods with Ohio Natives. Ruined during the trade hiatus created by the French and Indian War, Croghan was with Washington at the fall of Fort Necessity and Braddock’s defeat before he and Johnson witnessed the destruction of British forces at Fort Ticonderoga. At Fort Pitt in postwar service to the Crown, Croghan welcomed his Irish nephew, William Croghan, and taught young George Rogers Clark the ways of the West.He was the father of two daughters: Susanna, whomarried a British officer, and Catherine, whose mother led the Mohawk nation’s Turtle Clan.

Jefferson gave Clark orders to mount a Detroit attack on Christmas Day, 1780. The governor’s decision was the result of three years of regular British–Native attacks on Kentucky settlements emanating from the Crown’s western fort. Recruiting in the Fort Pitt area, Clark’s ability to raise an army was hampered by the region’s divide between Pennsylvania and Virginia allegiances. With few men and supplies, Clark started down the Ohio in midsummer, warning Jefferson and Washington that his chances of success were slim. Pennsylvania militia leader, Archibald Lochry followed Clark with more men and most of the expedition’s supplies, and it was this unit that was attacked by Detroit scouts, including Mohawk chief, Joseph Brant, husband of George Croghan’s second daughter, Catherine. Lochry and thirty-six others were executed and the survivors were marched to Detroit, ending Clark’s last opportunity to take Detroit.

This chapter examines geopolitics as a territorializing practice of foreign policy. It begins with an account of imperial geopolitics, with an eye to showing the continuities between colonial and postcolonial geopolitical practices. Even nonalignment, it is shown, is based on geopolitical thinking. This is followed by an exploration of the debate between Nehru and Patel following the Chinese annexation of Tibet. The discussion shows that, contrary to the conventional wisdom, these two figures agreed on basic principles and differed only on tactics. The final section deals with India's northeast. Through a historical account of the emergence of the northeast as a civilizational and geophysical frontier, this chapter argues that this region has become a “space of exception” where citizenship rights and legal protections are permanently suspended. Through contrast with this extreme space, the rest of India becomes identified as a normal and orderly political space.

Robert Olwell describes how Bartram avidly explored the frontier as it was altered by the Treaty of Paris, suggesting that Britain’s brief control of Florida (1763–1783) was an example of the relationship between the acquisition of knowledge and the acquisition of power.