- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846318351
- eISBN:
- 9781846317859
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846317859.008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter begins with an analysis of how new realities of consumerism, foreign competition and evolving tastes for bicycles were adapted by the French cycle industry. It goes on to explain that ...
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This chapter begins with an analysis of how new realities of consumerism, foreign competition and evolving tastes for bicycles were adapted by the French cycle industry. It goes on to explain that the demise of famous small arms and cycle manufacturer Manufrance illustrate the growing difficulties of traditional French cycle makers against new imported products from the USA, Japan and Taiwan. This is both is terms of price and model range. Secondly, it discusses how the new vogue for mountain-biking affected French cycling in terms of federal structure and practicality. It states that cycling overall was a process of transformation, not only in terms of gender with women gaining more significant participation, but also in ways in which new uses and meanings of the bicycle and cycling were developed. Finally, it talks about the new identification between cycling and ecology.Less
This chapter begins with an analysis of how new realities of consumerism, foreign competition and evolving tastes for bicycles were adapted by the French cycle industry. It goes on to explain that the demise of famous small arms and cycle manufacturer Manufrance illustrate the growing difficulties of traditional French cycle makers against new imported products from the USA, Japan and Taiwan. This is both is terms of price and model range. Secondly, it discusses how the new vogue for mountain-biking affected French cycling in terms of federal structure and practicality. It states that cycling overall was a process of transformation, not only in terms of gender with women gaining more significant participation, but also in ways in which new uses and meanings of the bicycle and cycling were developed. Finally, it talks about the new identification between cycling and ecology.
Eric Reed
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226206530
- eISBN:
- 9780226206677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226206677.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Chapter Four traces the history of the “French School” of cycling. The “French School” refers to the complex, institutionalized rider development system and competitive racing circuit created by the ...
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Chapter Four traces the history of the “French School” of cycling. The “French School” refers to the complex, institutionalized rider development system and competitive racing circuit created by the French cycling establishment in the early decades of the twentieth century. The French School embodied particularly French ideals of athleticism, excellence, self-sacrifice, and suffering. Chapter Four presents biographical vignettes of prewar French Tour stars like André Leducq and Antonin Magne and postwar heroes like Louison Bobet, Jacques Anquetil, and Raymond Poulidor to illustrate the workings of the French School and the changing commercial and cultural impact of sports celebrities in France. The chapter also explores the genesis of Tour doping scandals in the 1960s and 1970s and how they threatened to undermine the French School’s star system entirely.Less
Chapter Four traces the history of the “French School” of cycling. The “French School” refers to the complex, institutionalized rider development system and competitive racing circuit created by the French cycling establishment in the early decades of the twentieth century. The French School embodied particularly French ideals of athleticism, excellence, self-sacrifice, and suffering. Chapter Four presents biographical vignettes of prewar French Tour stars like André Leducq and Antonin Magne and postwar heroes like Louison Bobet, Jacques Anquetil, and Raymond Poulidor to illustrate the workings of the French School and the changing commercial and cultural impact of sports celebrities in France. The chapter also explores the genesis of Tour doping scandals in the 1960s and 1970s and how they threatened to undermine the French School’s star system entirely.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846318351
- eISBN:
- 9781846317859
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846317859.003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter discusses how sports in general and cycling in particular found an environment propitious for their growth in the midst of increasing prosperity, literacy, the developing strength of the ...
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This chapter discusses how sports in general and cycling in particular found an environment propitious for their growth in the midst of increasing prosperity, literacy, the developing strength of the bourgeosie and the significance of the industrial working class at the end of the nineteenth century. It explains that French sport was at a point where it could build upon the solid beginnings by cycling — particulary on the model of its clubs and associations. Specifically, this chapter covers the activities of the French national cycling federation, a number of popular and now iconic races of this period organized by the press and the newspapers of the time that made cycling and sport their business. Such discussion also leads to a look at the birth of the Tour de France in 1903 and the analysis of why it was French cycling that led to the creation of the earliest of international governing bodies for sport, the Union cycliste internationale .Less
This chapter discusses how sports in general and cycling in particular found an environment propitious for their growth in the midst of increasing prosperity, literacy, the developing strength of the bourgeosie and the significance of the industrial working class at the end of the nineteenth century. It explains that French sport was at a point where it could build upon the solid beginnings by cycling — particulary on the model of its clubs and associations. Specifically, this chapter covers the activities of the French national cycling federation, a number of popular and now iconic races of this period organized by the press and the newspapers of the time that made cycling and sport their business. Such discussion also leads to a look at the birth of the Tour de France in 1903 and the analysis of why it was French cycling that led to the creation of the earliest of international governing bodies for sport, the Union cycliste internationale .
Hugh Dauncey
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846318351
- eISBN:
- 9781846317859
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846317859
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This book aims to provide a balanced and detailed analytical survey of the complex leisure activity, sport, and industry that is cycling in France. Identifying key events, practices, stakeholders and ...
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This book aims to provide a balanced and detailed analytical survey of the complex leisure activity, sport, and industry that is cycling in France. Identifying key events, practices, stakeholders and institutions in the history of French cycling, it presents an interdisciplinary analysis of how cycling has been significant in French society and culture since the late nineteenth century. Cycling as leisure is considered through reference to the adoption of the bicycle as an instrument of tourism and emancipation by women in the 1880s, for example, or by study of the development in the 1990s of long-distance tourist cycle routes. Cycling as sport and its attendant dimensions of amateurism/professionalism, national identity, the body and doping, and other issues is investigated through study of the history of the Tour de France, the track-racing organised at the Vélodrome d'hiver in Paris in the 1920s and 1930s, and other emblematic events. Cycling as industry and economic activity is considered through an assessment of how cycling firms have contributed to technological innovation at various junctures in France's economic development. Cycling and the media is investigated through analysis of how cyclesport has contributed to developments in the French press (in early decades) but also to new trends in television and radio coverage of sports events. Based on a wide range of primary and secondary sources, the book aims to present an explanation of the varied significance of cycling in France over the last hundred years.Less
This book aims to provide a balanced and detailed analytical survey of the complex leisure activity, sport, and industry that is cycling in France. Identifying key events, practices, stakeholders and institutions in the history of French cycling, it presents an interdisciplinary analysis of how cycling has been significant in French society and culture since the late nineteenth century. Cycling as leisure is considered through reference to the adoption of the bicycle as an instrument of tourism and emancipation by women in the 1880s, for example, or by study of the development in the 1990s of long-distance tourist cycle routes. Cycling as sport and its attendant dimensions of amateurism/professionalism, national identity, the body and doping, and other issues is investigated through study of the history of the Tour de France, the track-racing organised at the Vélodrome d'hiver in Paris in the 1920s and 1930s, and other emblematic events. Cycling as industry and economic activity is considered through an assessment of how cycling firms have contributed to technological innovation at various junctures in France's economic development. Cycling and the media is investigated through analysis of how cyclesport has contributed to developments in the French press (in early decades) but also to new trends in television and radio coverage of sports events. Based on a wide range of primary and secondary sources, the book aims to present an explanation of the varied significance of cycling in France over the last hundred years.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846318351
- eISBN:
- 9781846317859
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846317859.001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter presents the intention for writing the book, which is to provide a balanced and detailed analytical survey of the complex leisure activity, sport and industry that is cycling in France. ...
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This chapter presents the intention for writing the book, which is to provide a balanced and detailed analytical survey of the complex leisure activity, sport and industry that is cycling in France. It explains how challenging it is to present an interdisciplinary analysis of the significance of cycling in French society and culture since the late nineteenth century. It also discusses how people tend to limit their understanding of cycling to the Tour de France. It explains that cycling is not only about the Tour. Hence, it goes on to provide a quick peek at the history of the Tour in France. Furthermore, this chapter briefly discusses cycling as leisure, a sport, an industry, a utility and an identity. It ends with a short discussion of the chronology of cycling in France and how the rest of the book is going to be presented.Less
This chapter presents the intention for writing the book, which is to provide a balanced and detailed analytical survey of the complex leisure activity, sport and industry that is cycling in France. It explains how challenging it is to present an interdisciplinary analysis of the significance of cycling in French society and culture since the late nineteenth century. It also discusses how people tend to limit their understanding of cycling to the Tour de France. It explains that cycling is not only about the Tour. Hence, it goes on to provide a quick peek at the history of the Tour in France. Furthermore, this chapter briefly discusses cycling as leisure, a sport, an industry, a utility and an identity. It ends with a short discussion of the chronology of cycling in France and how the rest of the book is going to be presented.
Peggy McCracken
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226458922
- eISBN:
- 9780226459080
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226459080.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
This chapter argues that the notion of a symbolic milk kinship with animals puts into question the purely human, noble identity that grounds notions of aristocratic privilege and rule. The chapter ...
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This chapter argues that the notion of a symbolic milk kinship with animals puts into question the purely human, noble identity that grounds notions of aristocratic privilege and rule. The chapter focuses on two chansons de geste: the account of the swan knight ancestor of Godefroy de Bouillon in the thirteenth-century Old French Crusade Cycle and the fourteenth-century Tristan de Nanteuil (Tristan of Nanteuil). Both epics recount the story of a wild boy, raised by an animal in the forest, who must become fully human in order to assume his place in a noble genealogy. These stories assume that their animal-like wild man protagonists retain an essential humanity, even as they represent an intimacy with animals that disrupts the reintegration of the human men into a securely human, noble lineage.Less
This chapter argues that the notion of a symbolic milk kinship with animals puts into question the purely human, noble identity that grounds notions of aristocratic privilege and rule. The chapter focuses on two chansons de geste: the account of the swan knight ancestor of Godefroy de Bouillon in the thirteenth-century Old French Crusade Cycle and the fourteenth-century Tristan de Nanteuil (Tristan of Nanteuil). Both epics recount the story of a wild boy, raised by an animal in the forest, who must become fully human in order to assume his place in a noble genealogy. These stories assume that their animal-like wild man protagonists retain an essential humanity, even as they represent an intimacy with animals that disrupts the reintegration of the human men into a securely human, noble lineage.
