Desmond King
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292494
- eISBN:
- 9780191599682
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829249X.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Examines post‐Reconstruction race relations—focusing mainly from 1856–1964—and outlines the legal and political factors permitting its dissemination. King formulates segregation as an arrangement ...
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Examines post‐Reconstruction race relations—focusing mainly from 1856–1964—and outlines the legal and political factors permitting its dissemination. King formulates segregation as an arrangement whereby Black Americans, as a minority, were systematically treated in separate, but constitutionally sanctioned, ways. He examines various laws and policies that condoned segregation ever since the Supreme Court accepted the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine as a justification of segregation in 1896 up until the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. King also examines the congressional and presidential politics of race relations under the administrations of Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Harry Truman.Less
Examines post‐Reconstruction race relations—focusing mainly from 1856–1964—and outlines the legal and political factors permitting its dissemination. King formulates segregation as an arrangement whereby Black Americans, as a minority, were systematically treated in separate, but constitutionally sanctioned, ways. He examines various laws and policies that condoned segregation ever since the Supreme Court accepted the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine as a justification of segregation in 1896 up until the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. King also examines the congressional and presidential politics of race relations under the administrations of Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Harry Truman.
Desmond King
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292494
- eISBN:
- 9780191599682
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829249X.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
King explains how segregated race relations, tolerated by the federal government, facilitated discrimination and inequality of treatment for Black Americans in federal departments and agencies. He ...
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King explains how segregated race relations, tolerated by the federal government, facilitated discrimination and inequality of treatment for Black Americans in federal departments and agencies. He focuses particularly on the two decades after Franklin Roosevelt's 1932 election and the effects of wartime mobilization. Moreover, King presents an occupational profile of the almost universally lowly positions attained by Black employees in government, and uses hearings from the Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC) and its successor bodies to examine how discrimination flourished and persisted within the ‘separate but equal’ framework.Less
King explains how segregated race relations, tolerated by the federal government, facilitated discrimination and inequality of treatment for Black Americans in federal departments and agencies. He focuses particularly on the two decades after Franklin Roosevelt's 1932 election and the effects of wartime mobilization. Moreover, King presents an occupational profile of the almost universally lowly positions attained by Black employees in government, and uses hearings from the Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC) and its successor bodies to examine how discrimination flourished and persisted within the ‘separate but equal’ framework.
J. Garry Clifford and Robert H. Ferrell
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823231201
- eISBN:
- 9780823240791
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823231201.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter goes back to the dark days of 1941 when the fates of England—and, by extension, of the United States—hung in the balance. Combining the personal insights on ...
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This chapter goes back to the dark days of 1941 when the fates of England—and, by extension, of the United States—hung in the balance. Combining the personal insights on President Franklin D. Roosevelt's diplomacy, found in works such as Warren Kimball's The Juggler and in the compelling narrative on the approach of war best seen in Waldo Heinrichs' Threshold of War, the chapter focuses on the critical issue of the U.S. Navy's convoying of merchant ships across the Atlantic during 1941. It examines how lukewarm public opinion, Congressional opposition, incomplete rearmament, and the pressing needs of other theaters, led Roosevelt to dissemble and delay rather than address the convoy question. This study offers a particularly penetrating re-examination of Roosevelt's legacy of bipartisanship, his mishandling of isolationists in 1941, and his lack of candor toward Congress and the public.Less
This chapter goes back to the dark days of 1941 when the fates of England—and, by extension, of the United States—hung in the balance. Combining the personal insights on President Franklin D. Roosevelt's diplomacy, found in works such as Warren Kimball's The Juggler and in the compelling narrative on the approach of war best seen in Waldo Heinrichs' Threshold of War, the chapter focuses on the critical issue of the U.S. Navy's convoying of merchant ships across the Atlantic during 1941. It examines how lukewarm public opinion, Congressional opposition, incomplete rearmament, and the pressing needs of other theaters, led Roosevelt to dissemble and delay rather than address the convoy question. This study offers a particularly penetrating re-examination of Roosevelt's legacy of bipartisanship, his mishandling of isolationists in 1941, and his lack of candor toward Congress and the public.
Warren F. Kimball
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206262
- eISBN:
- 9780191677052
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206262.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
According to Winston Churchill, the Second World War breathed new life into the ‘special relationship’ between the United States and Britain. Over forty-five years after the end of the war, American ...
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According to Winston Churchill, the Second World War breathed new life into the ‘special relationship’ between the United States and Britain. Over forty-five years after the end of the war, American images of its closest wartime ally remain dominated by the Battle of Britain, the desert war, and Winston Churchill — all of which bombard American television audiences almost weekly in one documentary or another. Added to that is a constant stream of motion pictures and television docu-dramas set in wartime Britain. But even the Second World War pales next to what one observer called ‘the Churchill Cult’, perpetuated by an informal public relations machine that should be the envy of most governments. Part and parcel of the heroic depiction of Churchill is his link with U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The strong Anglo-American relations and the personal relationship between the two men made victory possible against Germany, Italy, and Japan.Less
According to Winston Churchill, the Second World War breathed new life into the ‘special relationship’ between the United States and Britain. Over forty-five years after the end of the war, American images of its closest wartime ally remain dominated by the Battle of Britain, the desert war, and Winston Churchill — all of which bombard American television audiences almost weekly in one documentary or another. Added to that is a constant stream of motion pictures and television docu-dramas set in wartime Britain. But even the Second World War pales next to what one observer called ‘the Churchill Cult’, perpetuated by an informal public relations machine that should be the envy of most governments. Part and parcel of the heroic depiction of Churchill is his link with U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The strong Anglo-American relations and the personal relationship between the two men made victory possible against Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Tony Smith
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154923
- eISBN:
- 9781400842025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154923.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter examines Franklin D. Roosevelt's liberal democratic internationalism and his efforts to assure American national security by constructing a stable world order based on the Monroe ...
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This chapter examines Franklin D. Roosevelt's liberal democratic internationalism and his efforts to assure American national security by constructing a stable world order based on the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, which the United States sought to globalize in the aftermath of the Axis defeat in World War II. It first considers how FDR infused American liberalism with a healthy dose of realism about the appropriateness of democracy for other countries in the aftermath of World War II before discussing anti-imperialism as a component of American foreign policy. It also explores the United States's promotion of democracy and pursuit of a liberal world order as a means of countering Soviet imperialism. It argues that liberal democratic internationalism has been the American way of practicing balance-of-power politics in world affairs, and that the dominant logic of American foreign policy was dictated by concerns for national security.Less
This chapter examines Franklin D. Roosevelt's liberal democratic internationalism and his efforts to assure American national security by constructing a stable world order based on the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, which the United States sought to globalize in the aftermath of the Axis defeat in World War II. It first considers how FDR infused American liberalism with a healthy dose of realism about the appropriateness of democracy for other countries in the aftermath of World War II before discussing anti-imperialism as a component of American foreign policy. It also explores the United States's promotion of democracy and pursuit of a liberal world order as a means of countering Soviet imperialism. It argues that liberal democratic internationalism has been the American way of practicing balance-of-power politics in world affairs, and that the dominant logic of American foreign policy was dictated by concerns for national security.
Robert Wuthnow
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691150550
- eISBN:
- 9781400839759
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150550.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines how the people of Kansas retreated into a quiet centrist conservatism that was relatively more bipartisan and apolitical than would have been expected, especially in a state ...
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This chapter examines how the people of Kansas retreated into a quiet centrist conservatism that was relatively more bipartisan and apolitical than would have been expected, especially in a state with such a long Republican history. The conservatism of the period included rare hints of the more aggressive political and religious movements that were to brand the region as part of the red state Middle West in later decades. The chapter first considers the increasing feeling of political isolation in Kansas that was evident by the end of Franklin D. Roosevelt's second term. It then looks at the rise of Harry S. Truman as U.S. president after Roosevelt's death on April 12, 1945, along with Kansans' renewed emphasis on homes, hometowns, and hometown religion as the essential ingredients of Middle West life. It also discusses the religious situation in Kansas during the administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower.Less
This chapter examines how the people of Kansas retreated into a quiet centrist conservatism that was relatively more bipartisan and apolitical than would have been expected, especially in a state with such a long Republican history. The conservatism of the period included rare hints of the more aggressive political and religious movements that were to brand the region as part of the red state Middle West in later decades. The chapter first considers the increasing feeling of political isolation in Kansas that was evident by the end of Franklin D. Roosevelt's second term. It then looks at the rise of Harry S. Truman as U.S. president after Roosevelt's death on April 12, 1945, along with Kansans' renewed emphasis on homes, hometowns, and hometown religion as the essential ingredients of Middle West life. It also discusses the religious situation in Kansas during the administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Thomas C. Mills
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748643882
- eISBN:
- 9780748676699
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748643882.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The dominant theme of Anglo-American economic diplomacy during the Second World War was an attempt by the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration to promote a multilateral system, based on equality of ...
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The dominant theme of Anglo-American economic diplomacy during the Second World War was an attempt by the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration to promote a multilateral system, based on equality of access to markets and raw materials. Doubting Britain's ability to compete in such a system without various safeguards to protect its export markets, the British government baulked at the US proposal and clung to its autarkic structures constructed during the interwar years. In considering Anglo-American economic diplomacy in South America this book paints a different picture. It was Britain that promoted multilateralism in this region. Britain lacked the preferential position in South America that it sought to defend in other parts of the world. A multilateral system based on free and equal access therefore represented its best chance of maintaining commercial footholds. The Roosevelt administration was divided concerning the appropriate attitude to be taken towards British interests in South America. On the one hand there were those like the State Department's internationalists who wished to protect British interests in South America in the service of bringing about a multilateral system on a global scale. Others, however, like the State Department's Latin Americanists and influential temporary government agencies, pursued policies which excluded British interests from South America, thereby threatening the successful implementation of multilateral system. As such, this book argues that exploring relations between the US and Britain in South America results in a greater understanding of the broader economic diplomacy conducted between the two powers during the Second World War.Less
The dominant theme of Anglo-American economic diplomacy during the Second World War was an attempt by the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration to promote a multilateral system, based on equality of access to markets and raw materials. Doubting Britain's ability to compete in such a system without various safeguards to protect its export markets, the British government baulked at the US proposal and clung to its autarkic structures constructed during the interwar years. In considering Anglo-American economic diplomacy in South America this book paints a different picture. It was Britain that promoted multilateralism in this region. Britain lacked the preferential position in South America that it sought to defend in other parts of the world. A multilateral system based on free and equal access therefore represented its best chance of maintaining commercial footholds. The Roosevelt administration was divided concerning the appropriate attitude to be taken towards British interests in South America. On the one hand there were those like the State Department's internationalists who wished to protect British interests in South America in the service of bringing about a multilateral system on a global scale. Others, however, like the State Department's Latin Americanists and influential temporary government agencies, pursued policies which excluded British interests from South America, thereby threatening the successful implementation of multilateral system. As such, this book argues that exploring relations between the US and Britain in South America results in a greater understanding of the broader economic diplomacy conducted between the two powers during the Second World War.
William Lasser
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300088793
- eISBN:
- 9780300128888
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300088793.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
A key figure in the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, Benjamin V. Cohen (1894–1983) was a major architect of public policy from the first days of FDR's presidency through ...
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A key figure in the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, Benjamin V. Cohen (1894–1983) was a major architect of public policy from the first days of FDR's presidency through the early days of the Cold War. Although he kept a low public profile, Cohen's influence extended across a wide range of domestic and foreign policy initiatives. This biography offers an account of Ben Cohen's life and career, and an assessment of his contribution to the origin and development of modern American liberalism. Cohen's life provides an extraordinary lens through which to view the development of the evolving political philosophy of the Roosevelt and Truman presidencies. A brilliant lawyer noted for his good judgment and experience, Cohen was a leading member of FDR's “Brain Trust,” developing ideas, drafting legislation, lobbying within the administration and in Congress, and defending the New Deal in court. The book traces his contributions to domestic financial policy, his activities during the war years in London and Washington, his service as counselor to the State Department and member of the American delegation to the United Nations after the war, and his role in the American Zionist movement. From Cohen's life and work, the book draws important insights into the development of the New Deal and the evolution of postwar liberalism.Less
A key figure in the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, Benjamin V. Cohen (1894–1983) was a major architect of public policy from the first days of FDR's presidency through the early days of the Cold War. Although he kept a low public profile, Cohen's influence extended across a wide range of domestic and foreign policy initiatives. This biography offers an account of Ben Cohen's life and career, and an assessment of his contribution to the origin and development of modern American liberalism. Cohen's life provides an extraordinary lens through which to view the development of the evolving political philosophy of the Roosevelt and Truman presidencies. A brilliant lawyer noted for his good judgment and experience, Cohen was a leading member of FDR's “Brain Trust,” developing ideas, drafting legislation, lobbying within the administration and in Congress, and defending the New Deal in court. The book traces his contributions to domestic financial policy, his activities during the war years in London and Washington, his service as counselor to the State Department and member of the American delegation to the United Nations after the war, and his role in the American Zionist movement. From Cohen's life and work, the book draws important insights into the development of the New Deal and the evolution of postwar liberalism.
James K. Libbey
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813167138
- eISBN:
- 9780813167831
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813167138.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
In the face of international security threats in 1939 from Germany, Italy, and Japan, FDR requested and Barkley helped pass the Army Air Corps Expansion Bill, which dramatically increased US ...
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In the face of international security threats in 1939 from Germany, Italy, and Japan, FDR requested and Barkley helped pass the Army Air Corps Expansion Bill, which dramatically increased US airpower. Much of that year focused on revising the 1937 Neutrality Act since its cash-and-carry provision, which benefited the naval powers England and France, ended in May. Only after the German invasion of Poland was cash-and-carry returned in new legislation. The German blitzkrieg in Europe in 1940 helped Democrats and FDR decide favorably on a third term. Barkley served as permanent chairman of the Democratic national convention. FDR easily won the presidential election, and Barkley helped Harry S. Truman keep his seat in the US Senate. As 1940 closed, Prime Minister Churchill requested aid because England was running out of money and could not meet the cash conditions in the latest Neutrality Act. Barkley sponsored and shepherded the Lend-Lease bill through the Senate in 1941. Later that year Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, and Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.Less
In the face of international security threats in 1939 from Germany, Italy, and Japan, FDR requested and Barkley helped pass the Army Air Corps Expansion Bill, which dramatically increased US airpower. Much of that year focused on revising the 1937 Neutrality Act since its cash-and-carry provision, which benefited the naval powers England and France, ended in May. Only after the German invasion of Poland was cash-and-carry returned in new legislation. The German blitzkrieg in Europe in 1940 helped Democrats and FDR decide favorably on a third term. Barkley served as permanent chairman of the Democratic national convention. FDR easily won the presidential election, and Barkley helped Harry S. Truman keep his seat in the US Senate. As 1940 closed, Prime Minister Churchill requested aid because England was running out of money and could not meet the cash conditions in the latest Neutrality Act. Barkley sponsored and shepherded the Lend-Lease bill through the Senate in 1941. Later that year Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, and Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.
Marion Elizabeth Rodgers
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195072389
- eISBN:
- 9780199787982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195072389.003.0046
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
In the spring of 1939, as the world hurtled towards war, Mencken warned his fellow journalists to be aware of the dangers that executive power and war would have on freedom of the press. Mencken had ...
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In the spring of 1939, as the world hurtled towards war, Mencken warned his fellow journalists to be aware of the dangers that executive power and war would have on freedom of the press. Mencken had experienced this during World War I, and it influenced his newspaper column, which became increasingly controversial. In 1941, in almost an exact parallel to what he experienced in 1915, Mencken quit his long standing association with the Baltimore Sun.Less
In the spring of 1939, as the world hurtled towards war, Mencken warned his fellow journalists to be aware of the dangers that executive power and war would have on freedom of the press. Mencken had experienced this during World War I, and it influenced his newspaper column, which became increasingly controversial. In 1941, in almost an exact parallel to what he experienced in 1915, Mencken quit his long standing association with the Baltimore Sun.
JEFFREY C. ALEXANDER
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199744466
- eISBN:
- 9780199944163
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744466.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
From the early 1930s, when Franklin D. Roosevelt created the New Deal during the Great Depression, to the mid-1960s, when Lyndon B. Johnson launched the Great Society during a much more affluent ...
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From the early 1930s, when Franklin D. Roosevelt created the New Deal during the Great Depression, to the mid-1960s, when Lyndon B. Johnson launched the Great Society during a much more affluent time, the pendulum of politics in America swung magisterially and seemingly inexorably to the left side. In the four decades following, the same pendulum swung to the right. The decades-long decline of liberal political fortune came in part because of social backlash. From the New Deal to the Great Society, there had just been too much equality, too much progressive social change, too much government, and too much disruption of settled manners, mores, and entrenched elites. There was bound to be growing resistance and the return to political power of the Republican side. While political movements are deeply affected in part by social forces, their fate is decided to some extent by whether they provide these social forces with effective rhetoric and voice.Less
From the early 1930s, when Franklin D. Roosevelt created the New Deal during the Great Depression, to the mid-1960s, when Lyndon B. Johnson launched the Great Society during a much more affluent time, the pendulum of politics in America swung magisterially and seemingly inexorably to the left side. In the four decades following, the same pendulum swung to the right. The decades-long decline of liberal political fortune came in part because of social backlash. From the New Deal to the Great Society, there had just been too much equality, too much progressive social change, too much government, and too much disruption of settled manners, mores, and entrenched elites. There was bound to be growing resistance and the return to political power of the Republican side. While political movements are deeply affected in part by social forces, their fate is decided to some extent by whether they provide these social forces with effective rhetoric and voice.
Lewis L. Gould
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- February 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199936625
- eISBN:
- 9780190252700
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199936625.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter details events from 1933–1945, an era of defeat and discord for the Republicans as Franklin D. Roosevelt dominated American politics during the New Deal. Roosevelt reshaped American ...
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This chapter details events from 1933–1945, an era of defeat and discord for the Republicans as Franklin D. Roosevelt dominated American politics during the New Deal. Roosevelt reshaped American politics by creating the welfare state and broadening the nation's role in the world. The Republican Party had been divided on both achievements, and that fracture persisted after Roosevelt had left. On the right of the GOP, sentiment was strong towards repealing as much of the New Deal as the voters would allow. More moderate elements wished to retain the popular and workable results of the Roosevelt era while reducing bureaucracy and spending.Less
This chapter details events from 1933–1945, an era of defeat and discord for the Republicans as Franklin D. Roosevelt dominated American politics during the New Deal. Roosevelt reshaped American politics by creating the welfare state and broadening the nation's role in the world. The Republican Party had been divided on both achievements, and that fracture persisted after Roosevelt had left. On the right of the GOP, sentiment was strong towards repealing as much of the New Deal as the voters would allow. More moderate elements wished to retain the popular and workable results of the Roosevelt era while reducing bureaucracy and spending.
G. Kurt Piehler and Sidney Pash (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823231201
- eISBN:
- 9780823240791
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823231201.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This book brings together a collection of chapters offering a fresh examination of American participation in World War II, including a long overdue reconsideration of such seminal ...
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This book brings together a collection of chapters offering a fresh examination of American participation in World War II, including a long overdue reconsideration of such seminal topics as the forces leading the United States to enter World War II, the role of the American military in the Allied victory, and war-time planning for the postwar world. The book also tackles new inquiries into life on the home front and America's commemoration of one of the most controversial and climatic events of the war—the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. The chapters cover crucial moments such as: Franklin D. Roosevelt's pivotal, if at times indecisive, role in leading the United States; the miscalculation of Japanese intentions by American diplomats and the failure of deterrence in preventing war in the Pacific; the experiences and contributions of conscientious objectors to American society in this time of total war; the decision of the United States to fight with an ineffective battle tank at the expense of American lives; the Coast Guard's contribution to the D-Day Landing; and how elite foreign policy organizations prior to V-J Day sought to influence American occupation policies regarding Japan.Less
This book brings together a collection of chapters offering a fresh examination of American participation in World War II, including a long overdue reconsideration of such seminal topics as the forces leading the United States to enter World War II, the role of the American military in the Allied victory, and war-time planning for the postwar world. The book also tackles new inquiries into life on the home front and America's commemoration of one of the most controversial and climatic events of the war—the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. The chapters cover crucial moments such as: Franklin D. Roosevelt's pivotal, if at times indecisive, role in leading the United States; the miscalculation of Japanese intentions by American diplomats and the failure of deterrence in preventing war in the Pacific; the experiences and contributions of conscientious objectors to American society in this time of total war; the decision of the United States to fight with an ineffective battle tank at the expense of American lives; the Coast Guard's contribution to the D-Day Landing; and how elite foreign policy organizations prior to V-J Day sought to influence American occupation policies regarding Japan.
Robyn Muncy
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691122731
- eISBN:
- 9781400852413
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691122731.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1939 to 1945. World War II created new difficulties for Roche with Franklin D. Roosevelt. As during World War I, U.S. involvement in this ...
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This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1939 to 1945. World War II created new difficulties for Roche with Franklin D. Roosevelt. As during World War I, U.S. involvement in this new global conflict funneled fresh resources to both progressives and their opponents, leaving the outcome of their competition to the postwar period. Roche's experience provided glimpses of both the war's progressive and conservative tendencies as well as the dilemmas generated within progressive souls. Difficulties at Rocky Mountain Fuel, however, gave World War II an even more discouraging cast for Roche than World War I had. Indeed, miseries fueled by her coal company eroded her connection to the Democratic Party and weakened her confidence in government as an ally in the cause of diminishing inequality. These losses set Roche slightly out of sync with the larger progressive movement and left her by war's end institutionally unmoored.Less
This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1939 to 1945. World War II created new difficulties for Roche with Franklin D. Roosevelt. As during World War I, U.S. involvement in this new global conflict funneled fresh resources to both progressives and their opponents, leaving the outcome of their competition to the postwar period. Roche's experience provided glimpses of both the war's progressive and conservative tendencies as well as the dilemmas generated within progressive souls. Difficulties at Rocky Mountain Fuel, however, gave World War II an even more discouraging cast for Roche than World War I had. Indeed, miseries fueled by her coal company eroded her connection to the Democratic Party and weakened her confidence in government as an ally in the cause of diminishing inequality. These losses set Roche slightly out of sync with the larger progressive movement and left her by war's end institutionally unmoored.
Robert Dallek
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199946938
- eISBN:
- 9780190254599
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199946938.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter focuses on William Dodd's appointment as U.S. Ambassador to Germany in 1933 under the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It first considers Dodd's views about the causes ...
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This chapter focuses on William Dodd's appointment as U.S. Ambassador to Germany in 1933 under the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It first considers Dodd's views about the causes and remedy of the Depression and his argument favoring the disintegration of urban industrial centers with a corresponding increase in independent, landowning farmers. It then discusses Dodd's support for Roosevelt's presidential bid in 1933 and his appointment as ambassador to Berlin shortly after Roosevelt became president.Less
This chapter focuses on William Dodd's appointment as U.S. Ambassador to Germany in 1933 under the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It first considers Dodd's views about the causes and remedy of the Depression and his argument favoring the disintegration of urban industrial centers with a corresponding increase in independent, landowning farmers. It then discusses Dodd's support for Roosevelt's presidential bid in 1933 and his appointment as ambassador to Berlin shortly after Roosevelt became president.
James K. Libbey
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813167138
- eISBN:
- 9780813167831
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813167138.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The 1932 election found Barkley reelected to the Senate and FDR elected to the presidency. Barkley played a key role in New Deal legislation because of his Senate committees and his close ...
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The 1932 election found Barkley reelected to the Senate and FDR elected to the presidency. Barkley played a key role in New Deal legislation because of his Senate committees and his close relationship with Senate majority leader Joseph T. Robinson. He became the unofficial and then the official assistant Senate majority leader. He worked closely with Leslie L. Biffle, the Senate majority secretary and a lifelong friend. He made the transition from Wilson’s New Freedom to FDR’s New Deal because he felt that government had a role to play in overcoming the Great Depression. Especially on national radio, where he strongly supported it, the New Deal could be identified almost as much with Barkley as with the president. His support and fame prompted FDR to make sure Barkley would once again serve as temporary chairman and keynote speaker during the 1936 Democratic national convention that selected FDR for a second term in the White House. The chapter also introduces the growing international insecurity posed by such powers as Germany, Italy, and Japan.Less
The 1932 election found Barkley reelected to the Senate and FDR elected to the presidency. Barkley played a key role in New Deal legislation because of his Senate committees and his close relationship with Senate majority leader Joseph T. Robinson. He became the unofficial and then the official assistant Senate majority leader. He worked closely with Leslie L. Biffle, the Senate majority secretary and a lifelong friend. He made the transition from Wilson’s New Freedom to FDR’s New Deal because he felt that government had a role to play in overcoming the Great Depression. Especially on national radio, where he strongly supported it, the New Deal could be identified almost as much with Barkley as with the president. His support and fame prompted FDR to make sure Barkley would once again serve as temporary chairman and keynote speaker during the 1936 Democratic national convention that selected FDR for a second term in the White House. The chapter also introduces the growing international insecurity posed by such powers as Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Robyn Muncy
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691122731
- eISBN:
- 9781400852413
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691122731.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This biography explains first how Josephine Roche moved from a small town on the Great Plains, where she was born in 1886, to the nation's ...
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This chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This biography explains first how Josephine Roche moved from a small town on the Great Plains, where she was born in 1886, to the nation's capital, where she joined Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration in 1934. Especially significant in explaining her achievements were her education at Vassar, mentoring by a progressive reform community in Denver, and the meaning she made of the momentous coal strike in Colorado that culminated in the Ludlow Massacre of 1914. This biography also explains why, having achieved renown in the 1930s, Roche largely disappeared from history and memory, a disappearing act made all the more mysterious by her stunning post-New Deal resume.Less
This chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This biography explains first how Josephine Roche moved from a small town on the Great Plains, where she was born in 1886, to the nation's capital, where she joined Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration in 1934. Especially significant in explaining her achievements were her education at Vassar, mentoring by a progressive reform community in Denver, and the meaning she made of the momentous coal strike in Colorado that culminated in the Ludlow Massacre of 1914. This biography also explains why, having achieved renown in the 1930s, Roche largely disappeared from history and memory, a disappearing act made all the more mysterious by her stunning post-New Deal resume.
James K. Libbey
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813167138
- eISBN:
- 9780813167831
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813167138.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
A conservative Supreme Court seemed bent on destroying the New Deal. President Roosevelt wanted Congress to pass a bill adding more justices to the federal judicial system. Barkley supported FDR ...
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A conservative Supreme Court seemed bent on destroying the New Deal. President Roosevelt wanted Congress to pass a bill adding more justices to the federal judicial system. Barkley supported FDR because the court attacked programs for farmers and workers—Barkley’s key supporters. Most Republicans strongly opposed the idea, and many Democrats had mixed feelings about the reform. In the midst of the controversy Senate majority leader Robinson suffered a fatal heart attack. With FDR’s support, Barkley won the Senate’s leadership post. Barkley, however, now led a Senate badly divided not only over the court bill but also over regional issues. A watered-down reform was approved but without changing the number of justices on the Supreme Court. In 1938, Barkley faced reelection competition in the Democratic primary from Governor A. B. “Happy” Chandler. Despite, from Chandler’s perspective, controversy over the campaign, Barkley maintained unbeatable numbers in popular opinion polls and won the primary and the general election solidly.Less
A conservative Supreme Court seemed bent on destroying the New Deal. President Roosevelt wanted Congress to pass a bill adding more justices to the federal judicial system. Barkley supported FDR because the court attacked programs for farmers and workers—Barkley’s key supporters. Most Republicans strongly opposed the idea, and many Democrats had mixed feelings about the reform. In the midst of the controversy Senate majority leader Robinson suffered a fatal heart attack. With FDR’s support, Barkley won the Senate’s leadership post. Barkley, however, now led a Senate badly divided not only over the court bill but also over regional issues. A watered-down reform was approved but without changing the number of justices on the Supreme Court. In 1938, Barkley faced reelection competition in the Democratic primary from Governor A. B. “Happy” Chandler. Despite, from Chandler’s perspective, controversy over the campaign, Barkley maintained unbeatable numbers in popular opinion polls and won the primary and the general election solidly.
Stephen R. Ortiz
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814762134
- eISBN:
- 9780814762561
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814762134.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter explains how the Bonus issue further aroused veterans against the administration, precipitating widespread veteran political activism. The Bonus battle of 1935 had also become the point ...
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This chapter explains how the Bonus issue further aroused veterans against the administration, precipitating widespread veteran political activism. The Bonus battle of 1935 had also become the point of convergence for a powerful and controversial alliance of Long, Coughlin, and veterans that raised the specter of a new party consisting of Long and Coughlin supporters, buttressed by the veteran vote. The chapter ends with Franklin D. Roosevelt's dramatic and unprecedented Bonus bill veto, delivered on May 22, 1935, to a joint session of Congress and a rapt national radio audience. The re-evaluation of veteran politics in this chapter also offers a new interpretation of the political origins of the “second” New Deal.Less
This chapter explains how the Bonus issue further aroused veterans against the administration, precipitating widespread veteran political activism. The Bonus battle of 1935 had also become the point of convergence for a powerful and controversial alliance of Long, Coughlin, and veterans that raised the specter of a new party consisting of Long and Coughlin supporters, buttressed by the veteran vote. The chapter ends with Franklin D. Roosevelt's dramatic and unprecedented Bonus bill veto, delivered on May 22, 1935, to a joint session of Congress and a rapt national radio audience. The re-evaluation of veteran politics in this chapter also offers a new interpretation of the political origins of the “second” New Deal.
Frank Costigliola
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190650759
- eISBN:
- 9780190650780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190650759.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century, American History: 20th Century
During his twelve-year presidency, Franklin D. Roosevelt endured not just the paralysis of his legs due to an earlier bout with polio but also debilitating exhaustion and heart disease. A variety of ...
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During his twelve-year presidency, Franklin D. Roosevelt endured not just the paralysis of his legs due to an earlier bout with polio but also debilitating exhaustion and heart disease. A variety of physical and mental difficulties rendered airplane travel a cruel ordeal. Yet, in meeting the challenges of the Great Depression and World War II, Roosevelt needed to be mobile and energetic. It was essential that he tour the country to see for himself the economic and human toll of the economic slump. Getting reelected required nationwide campaigning to woo voters and demonstrate his vitality. The crucial summit diplomacy of the war and forging the Grand Alliance demanded gruelling trips to meet with Churchill and Stalin on the other side of the world. FDR responded to these challenges with grit and imagination. Yet his strenuous efforts probably shortened his life.Less
During his twelve-year presidency, Franklin D. Roosevelt endured not just the paralysis of his legs due to an earlier bout with polio but also debilitating exhaustion and heart disease. A variety of physical and mental difficulties rendered airplane travel a cruel ordeal. Yet, in meeting the challenges of the Great Depression and World War II, Roosevelt needed to be mobile and energetic. It was essential that he tour the country to see for himself the economic and human toll of the economic slump. Getting reelected required nationwide campaigning to woo voters and demonstrate his vitality. The crucial summit diplomacy of the war and forging the Grand Alliance demanded gruelling trips to meet with Churchill and Stalin on the other side of the world. FDR responded to these challenges with grit and imagination. Yet his strenuous efforts probably shortened his life.
