Desmond King
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292494
- eISBN:
- 9780191599682
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829249X.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Examines post‐Reconstruction race relations—focusing mainly from 1856–1964—and outlines the legal and political factors permitting its dissemination. King formulates segregation as an arrangement ...
More
Examines post‐Reconstruction race relations—focusing mainly from 1856–1964—and outlines the legal and political factors permitting its dissemination. King formulates segregation as an arrangement whereby Black Americans, as a minority, were systematically treated in separate, but constitutionally sanctioned, ways. He examines various laws and policies that condoned segregation ever since the Supreme Court accepted the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine as a justification of segregation in 1896 up until the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. King also examines the congressional and presidential politics of race relations under the administrations of Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Harry Truman.Less
Examines post‐Reconstruction race relations—focusing mainly from 1856–1964—and outlines the legal and political factors permitting its dissemination. King formulates segregation as an arrangement whereby Black Americans, as a minority, were systematically treated in separate, but constitutionally sanctioned, ways. He examines various laws and policies that condoned segregation ever since the Supreme Court accepted the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine as a justification of segregation in 1896 up until the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. King also examines the congressional and presidential politics of race relations under the administrations of Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Harry Truman.
Desmond King
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292494
- eISBN:
- 9780191599682
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829249X.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
King explains how segregated race relations, tolerated by the federal government, facilitated discrimination and inequality of treatment for Black Americans in federal departments and agencies. He ...
More
King explains how segregated race relations, tolerated by the federal government, facilitated discrimination and inequality of treatment for Black Americans in federal departments and agencies. He focuses particularly on the two decades after Franklin Roosevelt's 1932 election and the effects of wartime mobilization. Moreover, King presents an occupational profile of the almost universally lowly positions attained by Black employees in government, and uses hearings from the Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC) and its successor bodies to examine how discrimination flourished and persisted within the ‘separate but equal’ framework.Less
King explains how segregated race relations, tolerated by the federal government, facilitated discrimination and inequality of treatment for Black Americans in federal departments and agencies. He focuses particularly on the two decades after Franklin Roosevelt's 1932 election and the effects of wartime mobilization. Moreover, King presents an occupational profile of the almost universally lowly positions attained by Black employees in government, and uses hearings from the Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC) and its successor bodies to examine how discrimination flourished and persisted within the ‘separate but equal’ framework.
J. Garry Clifford and Robert H. Ferrell
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823231201
- eISBN:
- 9780823240791
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823231201.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter goes back to the dark days of 1941 when the fates of England—and, by extension, of the United States—hung in the balance. Combining the personal insights on ...
More
This chapter goes back to the dark days of 1941 when the fates of England—and, by extension, of the United States—hung in the balance. Combining the personal insights on President Franklin D. Roosevelt's diplomacy, found in works such as Warren Kimball's The Juggler and in the compelling narrative on the approach of war best seen in Waldo Heinrichs' Threshold of War, the chapter focuses on the critical issue of the U.S. Navy's convoying of merchant ships across the Atlantic during 1941. It examines how lukewarm public opinion, Congressional opposition, incomplete rearmament, and the pressing needs of other theaters, led Roosevelt to dissemble and delay rather than address the convoy question. This study offers a particularly penetrating re-examination of Roosevelt's legacy of bipartisanship, his mishandling of isolationists in 1941, and his lack of candor toward Congress and the public.Less
This chapter goes back to the dark days of 1941 when the fates of England—and, by extension, of the United States—hung in the balance. Combining the personal insights on President Franklin D. Roosevelt's diplomacy, found in works such as Warren Kimball's The Juggler and in the compelling narrative on the approach of war best seen in Waldo Heinrichs' Threshold of War, the chapter focuses on the critical issue of the U.S. Navy's convoying of merchant ships across the Atlantic during 1941. It examines how lukewarm public opinion, Congressional opposition, incomplete rearmament, and the pressing needs of other theaters, led Roosevelt to dissemble and delay rather than address the convoy question. This study offers a particularly penetrating re-examination of Roosevelt's legacy of bipartisanship, his mishandling of isolationists in 1941, and his lack of candor toward Congress and the public.
Warren F. Kimball
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206262
- eISBN:
- 9780191677052
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206262.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
According to Winston Churchill, the Second World War breathed new life into the ‘special relationship’ between the United States and Britain. Over forty-five years after the end of the war, American ...
More
According to Winston Churchill, the Second World War breathed new life into the ‘special relationship’ between the United States and Britain. Over forty-five years after the end of the war, American images of its closest wartime ally remain dominated by the Battle of Britain, the desert war, and Winston Churchill — all of which bombard American television audiences almost weekly in one documentary or another. Added to that is a constant stream of motion pictures and television docu-dramas set in wartime Britain. But even the Second World War pales next to what one observer called ‘the Churchill Cult’, perpetuated by an informal public relations machine that should be the envy of most governments. Part and parcel of the heroic depiction of Churchill is his link with U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The strong Anglo-American relations and the personal relationship between the two men made victory possible against Germany, Italy, and Japan.Less
According to Winston Churchill, the Second World War breathed new life into the ‘special relationship’ between the United States and Britain. Over forty-five years after the end of the war, American images of its closest wartime ally remain dominated by the Battle of Britain, the desert war, and Winston Churchill — all of which bombard American television audiences almost weekly in one documentary or another. Added to that is a constant stream of motion pictures and television docu-dramas set in wartime Britain. But even the Second World War pales next to what one observer called ‘the Churchill Cult’, perpetuated by an informal public relations machine that should be the envy of most governments. Part and parcel of the heroic depiction of Churchill is his link with U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The strong Anglo-American relations and the personal relationship between the two men made victory possible against Germany, Italy, and Japan.
William vanden Heuvel
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501738173
- eISBN:
- 9781501738180
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501738173.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter describes the impact of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt on Ambassador vanden Heuvel's life and politics. He provides a brief biography of FDR and recounts his experiences with Mrs. ...
More
This chapter describes the impact of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt on Ambassador vanden Heuvel's life and politics. He provides a brief biography of FDR and recounts his experiences with Mrs. Roosevelt, from shaking her hand when he was a boy to working with her on political and social issues as an adult. He tells the story of his participation in celebrating the legacy of FDR through the creation of the FDR Memorial in Washington, DC and the international Four Freedoms Awards. He presents two speeches, the first examining the legacy of the three Roosevelts – Theodore, Franklin and Eleanor – on American life and politics, the second detailing the close relationship between FDR and President Lyndon B. Johnson. The chapter ends with details of Ambassador vanden Heuvel's role in the creation of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park in New York City.Less
This chapter describes the impact of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt on Ambassador vanden Heuvel's life and politics. He provides a brief biography of FDR and recounts his experiences with Mrs. Roosevelt, from shaking her hand when he was a boy to working with her on political and social issues as an adult. He tells the story of his participation in celebrating the legacy of FDR through the creation of the FDR Memorial in Washington, DC and the international Four Freedoms Awards. He presents two speeches, the first examining the legacy of the three Roosevelts – Theodore, Franklin and Eleanor – on American life and politics, the second detailing the close relationship between FDR and President Lyndon B. Johnson. The chapter ends with details of Ambassador vanden Heuvel's role in the creation of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park in New York City.
Tony Smith
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154923
- eISBN:
- 9781400842025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154923.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter examines Franklin D. Roosevelt's liberal democratic internationalism and his efforts to assure American national security by constructing a stable world order based on the Monroe ...
More
This chapter examines Franklin D. Roosevelt's liberal democratic internationalism and his efforts to assure American national security by constructing a stable world order based on the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, which the United States sought to globalize in the aftermath of the Axis defeat in World War II. It first considers how FDR infused American liberalism with a healthy dose of realism about the appropriateness of democracy for other countries in the aftermath of World War II before discussing anti-imperialism as a component of American foreign policy. It also explores the United States's promotion of democracy and pursuit of a liberal world order as a means of countering Soviet imperialism. It argues that liberal democratic internationalism has been the American way of practicing balance-of-power politics in world affairs, and that the dominant logic of American foreign policy was dictated by concerns for national security.Less
This chapter examines Franklin D. Roosevelt's liberal democratic internationalism and his efforts to assure American national security by constructing a stable world order based on the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, which the United States sought to globalize in the aftermath of the Axis defeat in World War II. It first considers how FDR infused American liberalism with a healthy dose of realism about the appropriateness of democracy for other countries in the aftermath of World War II before discussing anti-imperialism as a component of American foreign policy. It also explores the United States's promotion of democracy and pursuit of a liberal world order as a means of countering Soviet imperialism. It argues that liberal democratic internationalism has been the American way of practicing balance-of-power politics in world affairs, and that the dominant logic of American foreign policy was dictated by concerns for national security.
Robert Wuthnow
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691150550
- eISBN:
- 9781400839759
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150550.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines how the people of Kansas retreated into a quiet centrist conservatism that was relatively more bipartisan and apolitical than would have been expected, especially in a state ...
More
This chapter examines how the people of Kansas retreated into a quiet centrist conservatism that was relatively more bipartisan and apolitical than would have been expected, especially in a state with such a long Republican history. The conservatism of the period included rare hints of the more aggressive political and religious movements that were to brand the region as part of the red state Middle West in later decades. The chapter first considers the increasing feeling of political isolation in Kansas that was evident by the end of Franklin D. Roosevelt's second term. It then looks at the rise of Harry S. Truman as U.S. president after Roosevelt's death on April 12, 1945, along with Kansans' renewed emphasis on homes, hometowns, and hometown religion as the essential ingredients of Middle West life. It also discusses the religious situation in Kansas during the administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower.Less
This chapter examines how the people of Kansas retreated into a quiet centrist conservatism that was relatively more bipartisan and apolitical than would have been expected, especially in a state with such a long Republican history. The conservatism of the period included rare hints of the more aggressive political and religious movements that were to brand the region as part of the red state Middle West in later decades. The chapter first considers the increasing feeling of political isolation in Kansas that was evident by the end of Franklin D. Roosevelt's second term. It then looks at the rise of Harry S. Truman as U.S. president after Roosevelt's death on April 12, 1945, along with Kansans' renewed emphasis on homes, hometowns, and hometown religion as the essential ingredients of Middle West life. It also discusses the religious situation in Kansas during the administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Thomas C. Mills
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748643882
- eISBN:
- 9780748676699
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748643882.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The dominant theme of Anglo-American economic diplomacy during the Second World War was an attempt by the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration to promote a multilateral system, based on equality of ...
More
The dominant theme of Anglo-American economic diplomacy during the Second World War was an attempt by the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration to promote a multilateral system, based on equality of access to markets and raw materials. Doubting Britain's ability to compete in such a system without various safeguards to protect its export markets, the British government baulked at the US proposal and clung to its autarkic structures constructed during the interwar years. In considering Anglo-American economic diplomacy in South America this book paints a different picture. It was Britain that promoted multilateralism in this region. Britain lacked the preferential position in South America that it sought to defend in other parts of the world. A multilateral system based on free and equal access therefore represented its best chance of maintaining commercial footholds. The Roosevelt administration was divided concerning the appropriate attitude to be taken towards British interests in South America. On the one hand there were those like the State Department's internationalists who wished to protect British interests in South America in the service of bringing about a multilateral system on a global scale. Others, however, like the State Department's Latin Americanists and influential temporary government agencies, pursued policies which excluded British interests from South America, thereby threatening the successful implementation of multilateral system. As such, this book argues that exploring relations between the US and Britain in South America results in a greater understanding of the broader economic diplomacy conducted between the two powers during the Second World War.Less
The dominant theme of Anglo-American economic diplomacy during the Second World War was an attempt by the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration to promote a multilateral system, based on equality of access to markets and raw materials. Doubting Britain's ability to compete in such a system without various safeguards to protect its export markets, the British government baulked at the US proposal and clung to its autarkic structures constructed during the interwar years. In considering Anglo-American economic diplomacy in South America this book paints a different picture. It was Britain that promoted multilateralism in this region. Britain lacked the preferential position in South America that it sought to defend in other parts of the world. A multilateral system based on free and equal access therefore represented its best chance of maintaining commercial footholds. The Roosevelt administration was divided concerning the appropriate attitude to be taken towards British interests in South America. On the one hand there were those like the State Department's internationalists who wished to protect British interests in South America in the service of bringing about a multilateral system on a global scale. Others, however, like the State Department's Latin Americanists and influential temporary government agencies, pursued policies which excluded British interests from South America, thereby threatening the successful implementation of multilateral system. As such, this book argues that exploring relations between the US and Britain in South America results in a greater understanding of the broader economic diplomacy conducted between the two powers during the Second World War.
Philip Nash
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813178394
- eISBN:
- 9780813178387
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813178394.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter examines the diplomatic journey of the first female US chief of mission, Ruth Bryan Owen, minister to Denmark (1933–1936). Owen, daughter of William Jennings Bryan, was a public lecturer ...
More
This chapter examines the diplomatic journey of the first female US chief of mission, Ruth Bryan Owen, minister to Denmark (1933–1936). Owen, daughter of William Jennings Bryan, was a public lecturer and two-term US congresswoman from Florida before being sent to Denmark by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, who eagerly promoted the advancement of women, lobbied Roosevelt to make the appointment. Denmark was a gender-progressive country and considered of lesser importance in Washington. Despite some skepticism and hostility from career diplomats, Owen performed creditably and was extremely popular in her host country, especially due to her decision to reach out to Danes beyond elite circles. And although she was forced to resign when she married a Dane in 1936, her performance paved the way for Roosevelt to appoint a second female envoy the following year.Less
This chapter examines the diplomatic journey of the first female US chief of mission, Ruth Bryan Owen, minister to Denmark (1933–1936). Owen, daughter of William Jennings Bryan, was a public lecturer and two-term US congresswoman from Florida before being sent to Denmark by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, who eagerly promoted the advancement of women, lobbied Roosevelt to make the appointment. Denmark was a gender-progressive country and considered of lesser importance in Washington. Despite some skepticism and hostility from career diplomats, Owen performed creditably and was extremely popular in her host country, especially due to her decision to reach out to Danes beyond elite circles. And although she was forced to resign when she married a Dane in 1936, her performance paved the way for Roosevelt to appoint a second female envoy the following year.
William Lasser
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300088793
- eISBN:
- 9780300128888
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300088793.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
A key figure in the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, Benjamin V. Cohen (1894–1983) was a major architect of public policy from the first days of FDR's presidency through ...
More
A key figure in the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, Benjamin V. Cohen (1894–1983) was a major architect of public policy from the first days of FDR's presidency through the early days of the Cold War. Although he kept a low public profile, Cohen's influence extended across a wide range of domestic and foreign policy initiatives. This biography offers an account of Ben Cohen's life and career, and an assessment of his contribution to the origin and development of modern American liberalism. Cohen's life provides an extraordinary lens through which to view the development of the evolving political philosophy of the Roosevelt and Truman presidencies. A brilliant lawyer noted for his good judgment and experience, Cohen was a leading member of FDR's “Brain Trust,” developing ideas, drafting legislation, lobbying within the administration and in Congress, and defending the New Deal in court. The book traces his contributions to domestic financial policy, his activities during the war years in London and Washington, his service as counselor to the State Department and member of the American delegation to the United Nations after the war, and his role in the American Zionist movement. From Cohen's life and work, the book draws important insights into the development of the New Deal and the evolution of postwar liberalism.Less
A key figure in the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, Benjamin V. Cohen (1894–1983) was a major architect of public policy from the first days of FDR's presidency through the early days of the Cold War. Although he kept a low public profile, Cohen's influence extended across a wide range of domestic and foreign policy initiatives. This biography offers an account of Ben Cohen's life and career, and an assessment of his contribution to the origin and development of modern American liberalism. Cohen's life provides an extraordinary lens through which to view the development of the evolving political philosophy of the Roosevelt and Truman presidencies. A brilliant lawyer noted for his good judgment and experience, Cohen was a leading member of FDR's “Brain Trust,” developing ideas, drafting legislation, lobbying within the administration and in Congress, and defending the New Deal in court. The book traces his contributions to domestic financial policy, his activities during the war years in London and Washington, his service as counselor to the State Department and member of the American delegation to the United Nations after the war, and his role in the American Zionist movement. From Cohen's life and work, the book draws important insights into the development of the New Deal and the evolution of postwar liberalism.
James K. Libbey
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813167138
- eISBN:
- 9780813167831
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813167138.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
In the face of international security threats in 1939 from Germany, Italy, and Japan, FDR requested and Barkley helped pass the Army Air Corps Expansion Bill, which dramatically increased US ...
More
In the face of international security threats in 1939 from Germany, Italy, and Japan, FDR requested and Barkley helped pass the Army Air Corps Expansion Bill, which dramatically increased US airpower. Much of that year focused on revising the 1937 Neutrality Act since its cash-and-carry provision, which benefited the naval powers England and France, ended in May. Only after the German invasion of Poland was cash-and-carry returned in new legislation. The German blitzkrieg in Europe in 1940 helped Democrats and FDR decide favorably on a third term. Barkley served as permanent chairman of the Democratic national convention. FDR easily won the presidential election, and Barkley helped Harry S. Truman keep his seat in the US Senate. As 1940 closed, Prime Minister Churchill requested aid because England was running out of money and could not meet the cash conditions in the latest Neutrality Act. Barkley sponsored and shepherded the Lend-Lease bill through the Senate in 1941. Later that year Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, and Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.Less
In the face of international security threats in 1939 from Germany, Italy, and Japan, FDR requested and Barkley helped pass the Army Air Corps Expansion Bill, which dramatically increased US airpower. Much of that year focused on revising the 1937 Neutrality Act since its cash-and-carry provision, which benefited the naval powers England and France, ended in May. Only after the German invasion of Poland was cash-and-carry returned in new legislation. The German blitzkrieg in Europe in 1940 helped Democrats and FDR decide favorably on a third term. Barkley served as permanent chairman of the Democratic national convention. FDR easily won the presidential election, and Barkley helped Harry S. Truman keep his seat in the US Senate. As 1940 closed, Prime Minister Churchill requested aid because England was running out of money and could not meet the cash conditions in the latest Neutrality Act. Barkley sponsored and shepherded the Lend-Lease bill through the Senate in 1941. Later that year Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, and Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.
Marion Elizabeth Rodgers
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195072389
- eISBN:
- 9780199787982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195072389.003.0046
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
In the spring of 1939, as the world hurtled towards war, Mencken warned his fellow journalists to be aware of the dangers that executive power and war would have on freedom of the press. Mencken had ...
More
In the spring of 1939, as the world hurtled towards war, Mencken warned his fellow journalists to be aware of the dangers that executive power and war would have on freedom of the press. Mencken had experienced this during World War I, and it influenced his newspaper column, which became increasingly controversial. In 1941, in almost an exact parallel to what he experienced in 1915, Mencken quit his long standing association with the Baltimore Sun.Less
In the spring of 1939, as the world hurtled towards war, Mencken warned his fellow journalists to be aware of the dangers that executive power and war would have on freedom of the press. Mencken had experienced this during World War I, and it influenced his newspaper column, which became increasingly controversial. In 1941, in almost an exact parallel to what he experienced in 1915, Mencken quit his long standing association with the Baltimore Sun.
Robert Dallek
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199946938
- eISBN:
- 9780190254599
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199946938.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter focuses on William Dodd's appointment as U.S. Ambassador to Germany in 1933 under the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It first considers Dodd's views about the causes ...
More
This chapter focuses on William Dodd's appointment as U.S. Ambassador to Germany in 1933 under the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It first considers Dodd's views about the causes and remedy of the Depression and his argument favoring the disintegration of urban industrial centers with a corresponding increase in independent, landowning farmers. It then discusses Dodd's support for Roosevelt's presidential bid in 1933 and his appointment as ambassador to Berlin shortly after Roosevelt became president.Less
This chapter focuses on William Dodd's appointment as U.S. Ambassador to Germany in 1933 under the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It first considers Dodd's views about the causes and remedy of the Depression and his argument favoring the disintegration of urban industrial centers with a corresponding increase in independent, landowning farmers. It then discusses Dodd's support for Roosevelt's presidential bid in 1933 and his appointment as ambassador to Berlin shortly after Roosevelt became president.
JEFFREY C. ALEXANDER
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199744466
- eISBN:
- 9780199944163
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744466.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
From the early 1930s, when Franklin D. Roosevelt created the New Deal during the Great Depression, to the mid-1960s, when Lyndon B. Johnson launched the Great Society during a much more affluent ...
More
From the early 1930s, when Franklin D. Roosevelt created the New Deal during the Great Depression, to the mid-1960s, when Lyndon B. Johnson launched the Great Society during a much more affluent time, the pendulum of politics in America swung magisterially and seemingly inexorably to the left side. In the four decades following, the same pendulum swung to the right. The decades-long decline of liberal political fortune came in part because of social backlash. From the New Deal to the Great Society, there had just been too much equality, too much progressive social change, too much government, and too much disruption of settled manners, mores, and entrenched elites. There was bound to be growing resistance and the return to political power of the Republican side. While political movements are deeply affected in part by social forces, their fate is decided to some extent by whether they provide these social forces with effective rhetoric and voice.Less
From the early 1930s, when Franklin D. Roosevelt created the New Deal during the Great Depression, to the mid-1960s, when Lyndon B. Johnson launched the Great Society during a much more affluent time, the pendulum of politics in America swung magisterially and seemingly inexorably to the left side. In the four decades following, the same pendulum swung to the right. The decades-long decline of liberal political fortune came in part because of social backlash. From the New Deal to the Great Society, there had just been too much equality, too much progressive social change, too much government, and too much disruption of settled manners, mores, and entrenched elites. There was bound to be growing resistance and the return to political power of the Republican side. While political movements are deeply affected in part by social forces, their fate is decided to some extent by whether they provide these social forces with effective rhetoric and voice.
G. Kurt Piehler and Sidney Pash (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823231201
- eISBN:
- 9780823240791
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823231201.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This book brings together a collection of chapters offering a fresh examination of American participation in World War II, including a long overdue reconsideration of such seminal ...
More
This book brings together a collection of chapters offering a fresh examination of American participation in World War II, including a long overdue reconsideration of such seminal topics as the forces leading the United States to enter World War II, the role of the American military in the Allied victory, and war-time planning for the postwar world. The book also tackles new inquiries into life on the home front and America's commemoration of one of the most controversial and climatic events of the war—the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. The chapters cover crucial moments such as: Franklin D. Roosevelt's pivotal, if at times indecisive, role in leading the United States; the miscalculation of Japanese intentions by American diplomats and the failure of deterrence in preventing war in the Pacific; the experiences and contributions of conscientious objectors to American society in this time of total war; the decision of the United States to fight with an ineffective battle tank at the expense of American lives; the Coast Guard's contribution to the D-Day Landing; and how elite foreign policy organizations prior to V-J Day sought to influence American occupation policies regarding Japan.Less
This book brings together a collection of chapters offering a fresh examination of American participation in World War II, including a long overdue reconsideration of such seminal topics as the forces leading the United States to enter World War II, the role of the American military in the Allied victory, and war-time planning for the postwar world. The book also tackles new inquiries into life on the home front and America's commemoration of one of the most controversial and climatic events of the war—the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. The chapters cover crucial moments such as: Franklin D. Roosevelt's pivotal, if at times indecisive, role in leading the United States; the miscalculation of Japanese intentions by American diplomats and the failure of deterrence in preventing war in the Pacific; the experiences and contributions of conscientious objectors to American society in this time of total war; the decision of the United States to fight with an ineffective battle tank at the expense of American lives; the Coast Guard's contribution to the D-Day Landing; and how elite foreign policy organizations prior to V-J Day sought to influence American occupation policies regarding Japan.
Katy Hull
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780691208107
- eISBN:
- 9780691208121
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691208107.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter assesses how, during the depression years, American fascist sympathizers fashioned images of Italy and Benito Mussolini to suggest the kind of country they wanted the United States to ...
More
This chapter assesses how, during the depression years, American fascist sympathizers fashioned images of Italy and Benito Mussolini to suggest the kind of country they wanted the United States to be, and the kind of leader they wanted the United States to have. These observers echoed widespread interpretations of the depression as a product of machine-made capitalism, exacerbated by a government that had fetishized technology at the expense of human beings. A silver lining of the crisis, they believed, was that it forced a recalibration of the United States, away from bigness, mass-production, and the metropolis, toward simplicity, the home, and the countryside. In Franklin D. Roosevelt, some fascist sympathizers saw a leader who, like Mussolini, understood ordinary people and wanted, above anything, to help them. And by relaying the apparent successes of fascist policies, American sympathizers argued that the New Deal could succeed in making man, rather than machines, once more the measure of all things.Less
This chapter assesses how, during the depression years, American fascist sympathizers fashioned images of Italy and Benito Mussolini to suggest the kind of country they wanted the United States to be, and the kind of leader they wanted the United States to have. These observers echoed widespread interpretations of the depression as a product of machine-made capitalism, exacerbated by a government that had fetishized technology at the expense of human beings. A silver lining of the crisis, they believed, was that it forced a recalibration of the United States, away from bigness, mass-production, and the metropolis, toward simplicity, the home, and the countryside. In Franklin D. Roosevelt, some fascist sympathizers saw a leader who, like Mussolini, understood ordinary people and wanted, above anything, to help them. And by relaying the apparent successes of fascist policies, American sympathizers argued that the New Deal could succeed in making man, rather than machines, once more the measure of all things.
James K. Libbey
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813167138
- eISBN:
- 9780813167831
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813167138.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The 1932 election found Barkley reelected to the Senate and FDR elected to the presidency. Barkley played a key role in New Deal legislation because of his Senate committees and his close ...
More
The 1932 election found Barkley reelected to the Senate and FDR elected to the presidency. Barkley played a key role in New Deal legislation because of his Senate committees and his close relationship with Senate majority leader Joseph T. Robinson. He became the unofficial and then the official assistant Senate majority leader. He worked closely with Leslie L. Biffle, the Senate majority secretary and a lifelong friend. He made the transition from Wilson’s New Freedom to FDR’s New Deal because he felt that government had a role to play in overcoming the Great Depression. Especially on national radio, where he strongly supported it, the New Deal could be identified almost as much with Barkley as with the president. His support and fame prompted FDR to make sure Barkley would once again serve as temporary chairman and keynote speaker during the 1936 Democratic national convention that selected FDR for a second term in the White House. The chapter also introduces the growing international insecurity posed by such powers as Germany, Italy, and Japan.Less
The 1932 election found Barkley reelected to the Senate and FDR elected to the presidency. Barkley played a key role in New Deal legislation because of his Senate committees and his close relationship with Senate majority leader Joseph T. Robinson. He became the unofficial and then the official assistant Senate majority leader. He worked closely with Leslie L. Biffle, the Senate majority secretary and a lifelong friend. He made the transition from Wilson’s New Freedom to FDR’s New Deal because he felt that government had a role to play in overcoming the Great Depression. Especially on national radio, where he strongly supported it, the New Deal could be identified almost as much with Barkley as with the president. His support and fame prompted FDR to make sure Barkley would once again serve as temporary chairman and keynote speaker during the 1936 Democratic national convention that selected FDR for a second term in the White House. The chapter also introduces the growing international insecurity posed by such powers as Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Tracy B. Strong
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226623191
- eISBN:
- 9780226623368
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226623368.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
The aftermath of World War I sees the granting of suffrage to women (by the narrowest of margins). The Great Depression makes these deficiencies dramatically clear. The New Deal is an attempt by non- ...
More
The aftermath of World War I sees the granting of suffrage to women (by the narrowest of margins). The Great Depression makes these deficiencies dramatically clear. The New Deal is an attempt by non- or semi-socialist forces in America to deal with the weaknesses of the American state, now that America had grown into the major industrial power. The forces behind Roosevelt soon split into two main factions. Roosevelt’s 1944 State of the Union Message lays out a new bill of rights that is strongly of the Wallace vision. Wallace is Vice-President until 1944 when he is replaced by Harry Truman. Truman is much less open to co-existence with the Soviets. The USSR is increasingly aggressive in Western Europe – the Cold War is on the doorstep and enters with the publication of George Kennan’s famous ‘Long Telegram’ advocating a policy of containment. Containment is in turn made cheaper by the development of atomic weapons and delivery systems that would have to be in flying range of the USSR. Domestically the fear of Communism leads to a vast shrinking of the political spectrum deemed legitimate.Less
The aftermath of World War I sees the granting of suffrage to women (by the narrowest of margins). The Great Depression makes these deficiencies dramatically clear. The New Deal is an attempt by non- or semi-socialist forces in America to deal with the weaknesses of the American state, now that America had grown into the major industrial power. The forces behind Roosevelt soon split into two main factions. Roosevelt’s 1944 State of the Union Message lays out a new bill of rights that is strongly of the Wallace vision. Wallace is Vice-President until 1944 when he is replaced by Harry Truman. Truman is much less open to co-existence with the Soviets. The USSR is increasingly aggressive in Western Europe – the Cold War is on the doorstep and enters with the publication of George Kennan’s famous ‘Long Telegram’ advocating a policy of containment. Containment is in turn made cheaper by the development of atomic weapons and delivery systems that would have to be in flying range of the USSR. Domestically the fear of Communism leads to a vast shrinking of the political spectrum deemed legitimate.
Lewis L. Gould
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- February 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199936625
- eISBN:
- 9780190252700
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199936625.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter details events from 1933–1945, an era of defeat and discord for the Republicans as Franklin D. Roosevelt dominated American politics during the New Deal. Roosevelt reshaped American ...
More
This chapter details events from 1933–1945, an era of defeat and discord for the Republicans as Franklin D. Roosevelt dominated American politics during the New Deal. Roosevelt reshaped American politics by creating the welfare state and broadening the nation's role in the world. The Republican Party had been divided on both achievements, and that fracture persisted after Roosevelt had left. On the right of the GOP, sentiment was strong towards repealing as much of the New Deal as the voters would allow. More moderate elements wished to retain the popular and workable results of the Roosevelt era while reducing bureaucracy and spending.Less
This chapter details events from 1933–1945, an era of defeat and discord for the Republicans as Franklin D. Roosevelt dominated American politics during the New Deal. Roosevelt reshaped American politics by creating the welfare state and broadening the nation's role in the world. The Republican Party had been divided on both achievements, and that fracture persisted after Roosevelt had left. On the right of the GOP, sentiment was strong towards repealing as much of the New Deal as the voters would allow. More moderate elements wished to retain the popular and workable results of the Roosevelt era while reducing bureaucracy and spending.
Robyn Muncy
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691122731
- eISBN:
- 9781400852413
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691122731.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1939 to 1945. World War II created new difficulties for Roche with Franklin D. Roosevelt. As during World War I, U.S. involvement in this ...
More
This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1939 to 1945. World War II created new difficulties for Roche with Franklin D. Roosevelt. As during World War I, U.S. involvement in this new global conflict funneled fresh resources to both progressives and their opponents, leaving the outcome of their competition to the postwar period. Roche's experience provided glimpses of both the war's progressive and conservative tendencies as well as the dilemmas generated within progressive souls. Difficulties at Rocky Mountain Fuel, however, gave World War II an even more discouraging cast for Roche than World War I had. Indeed, miseries fueled by her coal company eroded her connection to the Democratic Party and weakened her confidence in government as an ally in the cause of diminishing inequality. These losses set Roche slightly out of sync with the larger progressive movement and left her by war's end institutionally unmoored.Less
This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1939 to 1945. World War II created new difficulties for Roche with Franklin D. Roosevelt. As during World War I, U.S. involvement in this new global conflict funneled fresh resources to both progressives and their opponents, leaving the outcome of their competition to the postwar period. Roche's experience provided glimpses of both the war's progressive and conservative tendencies as well as the dilemmas generated within progressive souls. Difficulties at Rocky Mountain Fuel, however, gave World War II an even more discouraging cast for Roche than World War I had. Indeed, miseries fueled by her coal company eroded her connection to the Democratic Party and weakened her confidence in government as an ally in the cause of diminishing inequality. These losses set Roche slightly out of sync with the larger progressive movement and left her by war's end institutionally unmoored.
