David Rex Galindo
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781503603264
- eISBN:
- 9781503604087
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503603264.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
For 300 years, Franciscans were at the forefront of the spread of Catholicism in the New World. In the late seventeenth century, Franciscans developed a far-reaching, systematic missionary program in ...
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For 300 years, Franciscans were at the forefront of the spread of Catholicism in the New World. In the late seventeenth century, Franciscans developed a far-reaching, systematic missionary program in Spain and the Americas. After founding the first college of propaganda fide in the Mexican city of Querétaro, the Franciscan Order established six additional colleges in New Spain, ten in South America, and twelve in Spain. From these colleges Franciscans proselytized Native Americans in frontier territories as well as Catholics in rural and urban areas in eighteenth-century Spain and Spanish America. This is the first book to study these colleges, their missionaries, and their multifaceted, sweeping missionary programs. By focusing on the recruitment of non-Catholics to Catholicism as well as the deepening of religious fervor among Catholics, the book shows how the Franciscan colleges expanded and shaped popular Catholicism in the eighteenth-century Spanish Atlantic world. This book explores the motivations driving Franciscan friars, their lives inside the colleges, their training, and their ministry among Catholics, an often-overlooked duty that paralleled missionary deployments. It argues that Franciscan missionaries aimed to reform or “reawaken” Catholic parishioners just as much as they sought to convert non-Christian Native Americans.Less
For 300 years, Franciscans were at the forefront of the spread of Catholicism in the New World. In the late seventeenth century, Franciscans developed a far-reaching, systematic missionary program in Spain and the Americas. After founding the first college of propaganda fide in the Mexican city of Querétaro, the Franciscan Order established six additional colleges in New Spain, ten in South America, and twelve in Spain. From these colleges Franciscans proselytized Native Americans in frontier territories as well as Catholics in rural and urban areas in eighteenth-century Spain and Spanish America. This is the first book to study these colleges, their missionaries, and their multifaceted, sweeping missionary programs. By focusing on the recruitment of non-Catholics to Catholicism as well as the deepening of religious fervor among Catholics, the book shows how the Franciscan colleges expanded and shaped popular Catholicism in the eighteenth-century Spanish Atlantic world. This book explores the motivations driving Franciscan friars, their lives inside the colleges, their training, and their ministry among Catholics, an often-overlooked duty that paralleled missionary deployments. It argues that Franciscan missionaries aimed to reform or “reawaken” Catholic parishioners just as much as they sought to convert non-Christian Native Americans.
Alessandro Vettori
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823223251
- eISBN:
- 9780823240913
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823223251.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
St. Francis of Assisi (c.1181–1226) and Jacopone da Todi (c.1236–1306) were but two exemplars of a rich school of mystical poets writing in Umbria in the Franciscan religious tradition. Their ...
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St. Francis of Assisi (c.1181–1226) and Jacopone da Todi (c.1236–1306) were but two exemplars of a rich school of mystical poets writing in Umbria in the Franciscan religious tradition. Their powerful creations form a significant corpus of medieval Italian vernacular poetry only now being fully explored. Drawing on a wide range of literary, historical, linguistic, and anthropological approaches, the author crafts an innovative portrait of the artists as legends and as poets. He investigates the essential features of emerging Franciscan tradition, in motifs of the body, metaphors of matrimony, and musical harmony. He also explores the relationship of Francis's poetic mission to Genesis, the relationship between erotic love and ecstatic union in both poets' work, and the poetics of the sermon.Less
St. Francis of Assisi (c.1181–1226) and Jacopone da Todi (c.1236–1306) were but two exemplars of a rich school of mystical poets writing in Umbria in the Franciscan religious tradition. Their powerful creations form a significant corpus of medieval Italian vernacular poetry only now being fully explored. Drawing on a wide range of literary, historical, linguistic, and anthropological approaches, the author crafts an innovative portrait of the artists as legends and as poets. He investigates the essential features of emerging Franciscan tradition, in motifs of the body, metaphors of matrimony, and musical harmony. He also explores the relationship of Francis's poetic mission to Genesis, the relationship between erotic love and ecstatic union in both poets' work, and the poetics of the sermon.
D. R. M. Irving
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195378269
- eISBN:
- 9780199864614
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195378269.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter presents institutional histories of ecclesiastical music in Manila. It traces the development of vocal and instrumental music in the cathedral, and examines the foundation of the Colegio ...
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This chapter presents institutional histories of ecclesiastical music in Manila. It traces the development of vocal and instrumental music in the cathedral, and examines the foundation of the Colegio de Niños Tiples in the mid‐eighteenth century. As Manila Cathedral was frequently under repair or reconstruction due to damage by earthquakes and fires, other religious institutions assumed importance as centers of musical practice, including convents and colleges of the Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, Dominicans, Recollects, and the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of God (San Juan de Dios). The chapter discusses biographies of individual musicians and considers the roles of Filipino musicians. Musical practices of institutions for women and girls, including the Monasterio de Santa Clara and numerous beaterios, are also examined. Finally, the chapter explores the music of Manila's parish churches and confraternities, and the legislation for the appointment of indigenous musicians in parishes and missions throughout the Philippines.Less
This chapter presents institutional histories of ecclesiastical music in Manila. It traces the development of vocal and instrumental music in the cathedral, and examines the foundation of the Colegio de Niños Tiples in the mid‐eighteenth century. As Manila Cathedral was frequently under repair or reconstruction due to damage by earthquakes and fires, other religious institutions assumed importance as centers of musical practice, including convents and colleges of the Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, Dominicans, Recollects, and the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of God (San Juan de Dios). The chapter discusses biographies of individual musicians and considers the roles of Filipino musicians. Musical practices of institutions for women and girls, including the Monasterio de Santa Clara and numerous beaterios, are also examined. Finally, the chapter explores the music of Manila's parish churches and confraternities, and the legislation for the appointment of indigenous musicians in parishes and missions throughout the Philippines.
Patrick Nold
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199268757
- eISBN:
- 9780191708510
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199268757.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
The debate over the poverty of Christ and his apostles under Pope John XXII (1316-1334) is one of the most famous intellectual controversies of the Middle Ages. The story of the uncompromising pope ...
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The debate over the poverty of Christ and his apostles under Pope John XXII (1316-1334) is one of the most famous intellectual controversies of the Middle Ages. The story of the uncompromising pope on collision course with a united Franciscan Order has often been told, most memorably by Umberto Eco in The Name of the Rose. In this book, the author sets out to investigate the Franciscan Cardinal Bertrand de la Tour, a man apparently torn between the pope who was his patron and the Order to which he had devoted his life. Until now Bertrand has been considered of little importance, owing to his neglect by the primary sources conventionally relied upon by historians. The author suggests that these sources are unreliable: they were written years after the fact by disaffected Franciscans such as William of Ockham. From unpublished manuscript sources, he reconstructs the beginnings of the controversy and reveals the crucial role played by the Franciscan Cardinal. His discovery of Bertrand's significance undermines the common scholarly understanding of this episode and of the character of John XXII himself. He provides a major reinterpretation of the apostolic poverty controversy that has far-reaching consequences for issues such as papal infallibility, natural rights theory, and Ockham's political writings.Less
The debate over the poverty of Christ and his apostles under Pope John XXII (1316-1334) is one of the most famous intellectual controversies of the Middle Ages. The story of the uncompromising pope on collision course with a united Franciscan Order has often been told, most memorably by Umberto Eco in The Name of the Rose. In this book, the author sets out to investigate the Franciscan Cardinal Bertrand de la Tour, a man apparently torn between the pope who was his patron and the Order to which he had devoted his life. Until now Bertrand has been considered of little importance, owing to his neglect by the primary sources conventionally relied upon by historians. The author suggests that these sources are unreliable: they were written years after the fact by disaffected Franciscans such as William of Ockham. From unpublished manuscript sources, he reconstructs the beginnings of the controversy and reveals the crucial role played by the Franciscan Cardinal. His discovery of Bertrand's significance undermines the common scholarly understanding of this episode and of the character of John XXII himself. He provides a major reinterpretation of the apostolic poverty controversy that has far-reaching consequences for issues such as papal infallibility, natural rights theory, and Ockham's political writings.
Kenneth Baxter Wolf
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199732586
- eISBN:
- 9780199894895
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199732586.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter treats the testimony, offered to the papal commission in January 1235, by the four women who knew Elizabeth the best: Guda and Isentrud, Elizabath’s ladies-in-waiting during her years at ...
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This chapter treats the testimony, offered to the papal commission in January 1235, by the four women who knew Elizabeth the best: Guda and Isentrud, Elizabath’s ladies-in-waiting during her years at the Thuringian court, and Irmgard and Elizabeth, her handmaids and fellow hospital workers during her time in Marburg. It argues that even at this early stage in the production of a saint’s life, the four women and the commissioner whom they addressed were influenced by models of sanctity that would have shaped their testimony. The chapter offers three different prevailing models of sanctity —St. Radegund, the early beguines, and the early Franciscans —and speculates as to how each might have influenced the image of Elizabeth that emerged from the proceedings.Less
This chapter treats the testimony, offered to the papal commission in January 1235, by the four women who knew Elizabeth the best: Guda and Isentrud, Elizabath’s ladies-in-waiting during her years at the Thuringian court, and Irmgard and Elizabeth, her handmaids and fellow hospital workers during her time in Marburg. It argues that even at this early stage in the production of a saint’s life, the four women and the commissioner whom they addressed were influenced by models of sanctity that would have shaped their testimony. The chapter offers three different prevailing models of sanctity —St. Radegund, the early beguines, and the early Franciscans —and speculates as to how each might have influenced the image of Elizabeth that emerged from the proceedings.
David Kipen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520268807
- eISBN:
- 9780520948877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520268807.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
A tradition which has behind it the most hectic and glamorous epoch of pioneering in America is still the factor which determines much of the city's enigmatic charm and governs most of politics, ...
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A tradition which has behind it the most hectic and glamorous epoch of pioneering in America is still the factor which determines much of the city's enigmatic charm and governs most of politics, economy, and culture by which San Franciscans continue to astonish the world. Every principle of democracy in America has been tested here and the average San Franciscan still adheres to the pioneer concept of government: the less of it the better. Here the accent has always been on living, and however much the city has changed in other ways, 1940 saw no let-up in that vigorous search for experience by which San Franciscans had been enriching their lives since 1850. The difference nowadays lies in a certain refinement of critical faculties which is having its effect on all phases of the city's social life.Less
A tradition which has behind it the most hectic and glamorous epoch of pioneering in America is still the factor which determines much of the city's enigmatic charm and governs most of politics, economy, and culture by which San Franciscans continue to astonish the world. Every principle of democracy in America has been tested here and the average San Franciscan still adheres to the pioneer concept of government: the less of it the better. Here the accent has always been on living, and however much the city has changed in other ways, 1940 saw no let-up in that vigorous search for experience by which San Franciscans had been enriching their lives since 1850. The difference nowadays lies in a certain refinement of critical faculties which is having its effect on all phases of the city's social life.
ANDREW JOTISCHKY
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198206347
- eISBN:
- 9780191717055
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206347.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter steps aside from the Carmelite historical narrative to examine comparable writing about the past in other religious orders in the Middle Ages. The Augustinian Hermits developed their own ...
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This chapter steps aside from the Carmelite historical narrative to examine comparable writing about the past in other religious orders in the Middle Ages. The Augustinian Hermits developed their own historical traditions for similar reasons and at the same period as the Carmelites, and the main outlines of these are examined. The relationship between Franciscans and the early Church is discussed in the light of Spiritual Franciscan concerns with prophecy, reform, and authenticity in the Church. Finally, the influences of reform monasticism on Dominican history writing are examined.Less
This chapter steps aside from the Carmelite historical narrative to examine comparable writing about the past in other religious orders in the Middle Ages. The Augustinian Hermits developed their own historical traditions for similar reasons and at the same period as the Carmelites, and the main outlines of these are examined. The relationship between Franciscans and the early Church is discussed in the light of Spiritual Franciscan concerns with prophecy, reform, and authenticity in the Church. Finally, the influences of reform monasticism on Dominican history writing are examined.
PATRICK NOLD
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199268757
- eISBN:
- 9780191708510
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199268757.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter focuses on re-mapping the famous theological controversy over the poverty of Christ and his apostles with a view towards pinpointing the position of Bertrand de la Tour. It investigates ...
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This chapter focuses on re-mapping the famous theological controversy over the poverty of Christ and his apostles with a view towards pinpointing the position of Bertrand de la Tour. It investigates the true identity of ‘Nicholas the Minorite’ and the role that he played in the controversy. It explains that the Chronicle's usefulness as an historical source lies precisely in its unoriginality, in reproducing documents in their original form. It discusses that the sources indicate that consistories on apostolic poverty were held in Avignon during the spring of 1322, suggestive that several Franciscans had replied to Pope John on the question of apostolic poverty before the Order made its ‘official response’ at Perugia in June, which is the first Franciscan reaction in the sequence of the Chronicle. It argues that the Chronicle cannot stand alone as an account of the debate on apostolic poverty.Less
This chapter focuses on re-mapping the famous theological controversy over the poverty of Christ and his apostles with a view towards pinpointing the position of Bertrand de la Tour. It investigates the true identity of ‘Nicholas the Minorite’ and the role that he played in the controversy. It explains that the Chronicle's usefulness as an historical source lies precisely in its unoriginality, in reproducing documents in their original form. It discusses that the sources indicate that consistories on apostolic poverty were held in Avignon during the spring of 1322, suggestive that several Franciscans had replied to Pope John on the question of apostolic poverty before the Order made its ‘official response’ at Perugia in June, which is the first Franciscan reaction in the sequence of the Chronicle. It argues that the Chronicle cannot stand alone as an account of the debate on apostolic poverty.
PATRICK NOLD
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199268757
- eISBN:
- 9780191708510
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199268757.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter emphasises the importance of other sources for the origins of the apostolic poverty controversy under Pope John XXII. It discusses that the first of these sources is a manuscript, known ...
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This chapter emphasises the importance of other sources for the origins of the apostolic poverty controversy under Pope John XXII. It discusses that the first of these sources is a manuscript, known as the MS BAV vat. lat. 3740, which has been a part of the papal library since the time of John XXII himself. It explains that the manuscript contains almost entirely responses to the question of whether it is heretical to assert that Christ and the apostles did not possess anything. It discusses that several other sources are anomalous and seem have a different origin. It narrates that Dominican enthusiasm for discussing apostolic poverty was second only to that of the Franciscans themselves.Less
This chapter emphasises the importance of other sources for the origins of the apostolic poverty controversy under Pope John XXII. It discusses that the first of these sources is a manuscript, known as the MS BAV vat. lat. 3740, which has been a part of the papal library since the time of John XXII himself. It explains that the manuscript contains almost entirely responses to the question of whether it is heretical to assert that Christ and the apostles did not possess anything. It discusses that several other sources are anomalous and seem have a different origin. It narrates that Dominican enthusiasm for discussing apostolic poverty was second only to that of the Franciscans themselves.
PATRICK NOLD
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199268757
- eISBN:
- 9780191708510
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199268757.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter begins by discussing that Cardinal Bertrand de la Tour was well represented in MS BAV vat. lat. 3740, and was a major spokesman for his Order at the curial debate on apostolic poverty. ...
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This chapter begins by discussing that Cardinal Bertrand de la Tour was well represented in MS BAV vat. lat. 3740, and was a major spokesman for his Order at the curial debate on apostolic poverty. It adds that Tocco identified Bertrand as the most important Franciscan of the day. It explains that Bertrand asserted that the condition of Christ and the apostles was the most perfect of all possible states. It also discusses several important issues that occupy the bulk of Bertrand's opinion following his list of favourable biblical parasitic authorities. It focuses on the investigation of the edited Compendiose Resumptiones.Less
This chapter begins by discussing that Cardinal Bertrand de la Tour was well represented in MS BAV vat. lat. 3740, and was a major spokesman for his Order at the curial debate on apostolic poverty. It adds that Tocco identified Bertrand as the most important Franciscan of the day. It explains that Bertrand asserted that the condition of Christ and the apostles was the most perfect of all possible states. It also discusses several important issues that occupy the bulk of Bertrand's opinion following his list of favourable biblical parasitic authorities. It focuses on the investigation of the edited Compendiose Resumptiones.
Jennifer Scheper Hughes
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195367065
- eISBN:
- 9780199867370
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367065.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
In 1543 the Cristo Aparecido appeared to the Spanish missionary friar, Antonio Roa, and to the community of newly converted indigenous Christians of the pueblo of Totolapan (in modern-day Morelos, ...
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In 1543 the Cristo Aparecido appeared to the Spanish missionary friar, Antonio Roa, and to the community of newly converted indigenous Christians of the pueblo of Totolapan (in modern-day Morelos, Mexico) where he ministered. This chapter weaves together two seemingly irreconcilable origin myths, one from art history, and the other the narrative of faith, to explain the circumstances in which the arrival of the crucifix was understood to be extraordinary. Beyond legend and miracle, the Cristo’s origins reveal the central role of objects of material religion in the spiritual conquest of sixteenth-century Mexico.Less
In 1543 the Cristo Aparecido appeared to the Spanish missionary friar, Antonio Roa, and to the community of newly converted indigenous Christians of the pueblo of Totolapan (in modern-day Morelos, Mexico) where he ministered. This chapter weaves together two seemingly irreconcilable origin myths, one from art history, and the other the narrative of faith, to explain the circumstances in which the arrival of the crucifix was understood to be extraordinary. Beyond legend and miracle, the Cristo’s origins reveal the central role of objects of material religion in the spiritual conquest of sixteenth-century Mexico.
Jennifer Scheper Hughes
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195367065
- eISBN:
- 9780199867370
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367065.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
In the sixteenth century, the Spanish missionary friar, Antonio Roa, employed the Cristo Aparecido as an instrument for the conversion and evangelization of the indigenous Christians of Morelos, ...
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In the sixteenth century, the Spanish missionary friar, Antonio Roa, employed the Cristo Aparecido as an instrument for the conversion and evangelization of the indigenous Christians of Morelos, Mexico. Like other friars of his day, Roa used penitential practices, physical self-disciplines, to illustrate for the Indians the suffering of Christ. The local indigenous community struggled with Roa to negotiate these religious meanings. Suffering, flayed, and dismembered deities had a place in Aztec religious symbolism and imagery, but these may have done little to help the Indians conceptualize the Christian god.Less
In the sixteenth century, the Spanish missionary friar, Antonio Roa, employed the Cristo Aparecido as an instrument for the conversion and evangelization of the indigenous Christians of Morelos, Mexico. Like other friars of his day, Roa used penitential practices, physical self-disciplines, to illustrate for the Indians the suffering of Christ. The local indigenous community struggled with Roa to negotiate these religious meanings. Suffering, flayed, and dismembered deities had a place in Aztec religious symbolism and imagery, but these may have done little to help the Indians conceptualize the Christian god.
Robin Okey
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199213917
- eISBN:
- 9780191707490
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213917.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
For Bosnia's Catholics, the Austro-Hungarian colonial occupation was a challenge to both old traditions and future aspirations, and the biggest revolution in Franciscan life came not directly from ...
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For Bosnia's Catholics, the Austro-Hungarian colonial occupation was a challenge to both old traditions and future aspirations, and the biggest revolution in Franciscan life came not directly from the regime but from the man it had put at the head of the restored Catholic hierarchy, Dr Josip Stadler. Fortunately, despite the fact that developments in the Croatian Catholic community represented a great setback for his policies, Benjamin von Kállay grasped the implications of the Catholic mood early. This chapter examines how a deadlock between Stadler and the Franciscans over the division of parishes provided Kállay with the opportunity to intervene and prevent the government from further alienating the Franciscans and endangering its relationship with the whole community.Less
For Bosnia's Catholics, the Austro-Hungarian colonial occupation was a challenge to both old traditions and future aspirations, and the biggest revolution in Franciscan life came not directly from the regime but from the man it had put at the head of the restored Catholic hierarchy, Dr Josip Stadler. Fortunately, despite the fact that developments in the Croatian Catholic community represented a great setback for his policies, Benjamin von Kállay grasped the implications of the Catholic mood early. This chapter examines how a deadlock between Stadler and the Franciscans over the division of parishes provided Kállay with the opportunity to intervene and prevent the government from further alienating the Franciscans and endangering its relationship with the whole community.
Thomas O Beebee
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195339383
- eISBN:
- 9780199867097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195339383.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 20th Century Literature, American, 18th Century and Early American Literature
Within a few decades of the Spanish and Portuguese arrival on the mainland of the Americas, a process of mutual translation of millennial expectations was at work. No better example of the need for ...
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Within a few decades of the Spanish and Portuguese arrival on the mainland of the Americas, a process of mutual translation of millennial expectations was at work. No better example of the need for revitalization can be found than in the defeated First Nations, whose values and beliefs had been shattered by military defeat. At the same time, simply winning the “ground war” in the New World was not sufficient for the Europeans, who still needed to account for the apparent absence of the American continents and their aboriginal cultures from the Biblical narrative. Hence, the two sides held complementary ends of the tesseron of millennial expectations. For the Indians, the eschaton was something recently experienced; for the Europeans, it was something prophesied. The process of joining the two ends of this tesseron through a mutual belief in the end of the world is reflected in the double title of this chapter, where the New Jerusalem is posited as the translation for the Guarani concept of “Land Without Evil.” This chapter follows this translation process through its many twists and turns in the early colonial period, using as sources accounts by Franciscan and Jesuit missionaries and by early Puritans.Less
Within a few decades of the Spanish and Portuguese arrival on the mainland of the Americas, a process of mutual translation of millennial expectations was at work. No better example of the need for revitalization can be found than in the defeated First Nations, whose values and beliefs had been shattered by military defeat. At the same time, simply winning the “ground war” in the New World was not sufficient for the Europeans, who still needed to account for the apparent absence of the American continents and their aboriginal cultures from the Biblical narrative. Hence, the two sides held complementary ends of the tesseron of millennial expectations. For the Indians, the eschaton was something recently experienced; for the Europeans, it was something prophesied. The process of joining the two ends of this tesseron through a mutual belief in the end of the world is reflected in the double title of this chapter, where the New Jerusalem is posited as the translation for the Guarani concept of “Land Without Evil.” This chapter follows this translation process through its many twists and turns in the early colonial period, using as sources accounts by Franciscan and Jesuit missionaries and by early Puritans.
Craig H. Russell
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195343274
- eISBN:
- 9780199867745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343274.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western, History, American
This chapter delves into aspects of music style and performance practice in the California missions, including canto llano (plainchant), canto figurado (accompanied homophony in a steady meter), ...
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This chapter delves into aspects of music style and performance practice in the California missions, including canto llano (plainchant), canto figurado (accompanied homophony in a steady meter), canto de órgano (vocal polyphony in a steady meter), and música moderna or estilo moderno (roughly equivalent in style to Baroque or Classical music). In discussing plainchant, a comparison is made between Gregorian chant and the Mozarabic tradition emanating from Toledo, paying particular attention to chant books in the friars' possession. The chapter explains how Narciso Durán attempted to reduce the chant repertoire to a handful of reusable tunes. The choice of instruments and type of accompaniments that the friars employed are discussed in detail. Ultimately, the chapter explores the characteristics of the mission style—not only as seen in California but also as it developed in the Jesuit and Franciscan missions throughout the Americas.Less
This chapter delves into aspects of music style and performance practice in the California missions, including canto llano (plainchant), canto figurado (accompanied homophony in a steady meter), canto de órgano (vocal polyphony in a steady meter), and música moderna or estilo moderno (roughly equivalent in style to Baroque or Classical music). In discussing plainchant, a comparison is made between Gregorian chant and the Mozarabic tradition emanating from Toledo, paying particular attention to chant books in the friars' possession. The chapter explains how Narciso Durán attempted to reduce the chant repertoire to a handful of reusable tunes. The choice of instruments and type of accompaniments that the friars employed are discussed in detail. Ultimately, the chapter explores the characteristics of the mission style—not only as seen in California but also as it developed in the Jesuit and Franciscan missions throughout the Americas.
Craig H. Russell
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195343274
- eISBN:
- 9780199867745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343274.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western, History, American
Among the friars, few rival Juan Bautista Sancho (1772?–1830) in musical expertise. This chapter maps out Sancho's family tree and his early life in Artà, Mallorca. It explores his development as a ...
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Among the friars, few rival Juan Bautista Sancho (1772?–1830) in musical expertise. This chapter maps out Sancho's family tree and his early life in Artà, Mallorca. It explores his development as a Franciscan, including his musical accomplishments as music director at the Convent de Sant Francesc in Palma de Mallorca. Sancho and his best friend, Pedro Cabot, left for Mexico in 1803 to continue their missionary training and arrived in California in 1804. Sancho translated sacred texts into local indigenous languages. After the Mexican War of Independence, Sancho refused to swear allegiance to the new government but instead remained loyal to King Fernando VII. While at the San Antonio Mission, Sancho and the neophyte population created a flourishing community. They developed a magnificent orchestra and choir, capable of playing music in the Classical, or galant, style. Sancho's Credo Artanense and Misa en sol (Mass in G) are explored in detail.Less
Among the friars, few rival Juan Bautista Sancho (1772?–1830) in musical expertise. This chapter maps out Sancho's family tree and his early life in Artà, Mallorca. It explores his development as a Franciscan, including his musical accomplishments as music director at the Convent de Sant Francesc in Palma de Mallorca. Sancho and his best friend, Pedro Cabot, left for Mexico in 1803 to continue their missionary training and arrived in California in 1804. Sancho translated sacred texts into local indigenous languages. After the Mexican War of Independence, Sancho refused to swear allegiance to the new government but instead remained loyal to King Fernando VII. While at the San Antonio Mission, Sancho and the neophyte population created a flourishing community. They developed a magnificent orchestra and choir, capable of playing music in the Classical, or galant, style. Sancho's Credo Artanense and Misa en sol (Mass in G) are explored in detail.
GEORGE GARNETT
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199291564
- eISBN:
- 9780191710520
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199291564.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas, European Medieval History
Under papal leadership, the clergy were led further away from the ideal of apostolic poverty espoused in Marsilius's time by the Franciscans. Although the Christianization of the Empire had been ...
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Under papal leadership, the clergy were led further away from the ideal of apostolic poverty espoused in Marsilius's time by the Franciscans. Although the Christianization of the Empire had been perverted from the very start, the Empire was nevertheless being progressively Christianized pari passu with the perversion of the clergy. Only when Christianized could the Empire, or ‘human legislator’, be perfect, in the Aristotelian sense of complete or fully realized, for only Christians had a correct understanding of the eternal life to which man was directed. Only then would the ‘human legislator’ be ‘faithful’. Perfection only became possible with Constantine's conversion, but his actions at that time sowed the seed from which perversion grew. This dialectical conflict had reached a crescendo in Marsilius's own day, when John XXII had attempted to keep the imperial office vacant so that he could usurp its functions himself. With the pope and Ludwig as self-proclaimed emperor both attempting to exercise imperial power, catastrophe would ensue.Less
Under papal leadership, the clergy were led further away from the ideal of apostolic poverty espoused in Marsilius's time by the Franciscans. Although the Christianization of the Empire had been perverted from the very start, the Empire was nevertheless being progressively Christianized pari passu with the perversion of the clergy. Only when Christianized could the Empire, or ‘human legislator’, be perfect, in the Aristotelian sense of complete or fully realized, for only Christians had a correct understanding of the eternal life to which man was directed. Only then would the ‘human legislator’ be ‘faithful’. Perfection only became possible with Constantine's conversion, but his actions at that time sowed the seed from which perversion grew. This dialectical conflict had reached a crescendo in Marsilius's own day, when John XXII had attempted to keep the imperial office vacant so that he could usurp its functions himself. With the pope and Ludwig as self-proclaimed emperor both attempting to exercise imperial power, catastrophe would ensue.
Owen Chadwick
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198269229
- eISBN:
- 9780191600456
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269226.003.0012
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The vitality to be found among monks and nuns in the nineteenth century was less in the historic orders than in small groups gathered for particular purposes of prayer, promotion of a particular ...
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The vitality to be found among monks and nuns in the nineteenth century was less in the historic orders than in small groups gathered for particular purposes of prayer, promotion of a particular devotion, education, evangelism, or care for the sick or needy. The numbers of religious grew through the century, but not necessarily in the old orders, and despite the political difficulties, dissolutions and expulsions they suffered in most Catholic countries. Discussion of each major order in turn shows how they adapted or failed to adapt to the modern world and the tensions between centralization and local autonomy.Less
The vitality to be found among monks and nuns in the nineteenth century was less in the historic orders than in small groups gathered for particular purposes of prayer, promotion of a particular devotion, education, evangelism, or care for the sick or needy. The numbers of religious grew through the century, but not necessarily in the old orders, and despite the political difficulties, dissolutions and expulsions they suffered in most Catholic countries. Discussion of each major order in turn shows how they adapted or failed to adapt to the modern world and the tensions between centralization and local autonomy.
Colin Morris
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198269250
- eISBN:
- 9780191600708
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269250.003.0019
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
With Innocent's encouragement, the Franciscans and Dominicans were founded with a policy of personal poverty. There was a parallel development of communities for women with the Beguines and female ...
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With Innocent's encouragement, the Franciscans and Dominicans were founded with a policy of personal poverty. There was a parallel development of communities for women with the Beguines and female houses of Dominicans and Cistercians. Stricter measures developed for the suppression of heresy.Less
With Innocent's encouragement, the Franciscans and Dominicans were founded with a policy of personal poverty. There was a parallel development of communities for women with the Beguines and female houses of Dominicans and Cistercians. Stricter measures developed for the suppression of heresy.
Frank Graziano
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195124323
- eISBN:
- 9780199784561
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195124324.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter treats eschatological and apocalyptic themes through a range of cases from Latin America and early modern Spain. Of particular focus are the imminent end of the world, the messianic ...
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This chapter treats eschatological and apocalyptic themes through a range of cases from Latin America and early modern Spain. Of particular focus are the imminent end of the world, the messianic imperialism of Spanish colonization and its impact on indigenous peoples, the Last World Emperor, cyclical and periodized time, prophesy, and the collective death of adherents to millennial movements. It also discusses the influence of Joachim of Fiore on Spanish missions and syncretic myths.Less
This chapter treats eschatological and apocalyptic themes through a range of cases from Latin America and early modern Spain. Of particular focus are the imminent end of the world, the messianic imperialism of Spanish colonization and its impact on indigenous peoples, the Last World Emperor, cyclical and periodized time, prophesy, and the collective death of adherents to millennial movements. It also discusses the influence of Joachim of Fiore on Spanish missions and syncretic myths.
