A. W. Brian Simpson
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198259497
- eISBN:
- 9780191681974
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198259497.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
On May 20, a group led by Charles Maxwell-Knight raided the flat of Tyler G. Kent, a code and cipher clerk in the United States Embassy. Herschel V. Johnson, the Counsellor, agreed to the waiving of ...
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On May 20, a group led by Charles Maxwell-Knight raided the flat of Tyler G. Kent, a code and cipher clerk in the United States Embassy. Herschel V. Johnson, the Counsellor, agreed to the waiving of Kent's diplomatic immunity, being assured that any proceedings would be in camera. Waiver was confirmed by Ambassador Joseph Kennedy and, after the arrest, by the State Department. Since his arrival on October 5, 1939, Kent had been strongly suspected of espionage; the Stockholm police had reported to Military Intelligence Section 5 on Ludwig Mathias, a naturalised Swede of German extraction thought to be a Gestapo agent. This chapter focuses on the trial of Kent and the existence of a Fifth Column, that is, a number of individuals who were, with some element of organisation, clandestinely assisting the enemy, in Britain. So far as the British Union was concerned, the number of their members involved in this Fifth Column was tiny.Less
On May 20, a group led by Charles Maxwell-Knight raided the flat of Tyler G. Kent, a code and cipher clerk in the United States Embassy. Herschel V. Johnson, the Counsellor, agreed to the waiving of Kent's diplomatic immunity, being assured that any proceedings would be in camera. Waiver was confirmed by Ambassador Joseph Kennedy and, after the arrest, by the State Department. Since his arrival on October 5, 1939, Kent had been strongly suspected of espionage; the Stockholm police had reported to Military Intelligence Section 5 on Ludwig Mathias, a naturalised Swede of German extraction thought to be a Gestapo agent. This chapter focuses on the trial of Kent and the existence of a Fifth Column, that is, a number of individuals who were, with some element of organisation, clandestinely assisting the enemy, in Britain. So far as the British Union was concerned, the number of their members involved in this Fifth Column was tiny.
A. W. Brian Simpson
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198259497
- eISBN:
- 9780191681974
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198259497.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
During World War II, just under 2,000 British citizens were detained without charge, trial, or term set, under Regulation 18B of the wartime Defence Regulations. Most of these detentions took place ...
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During World War II, just under 2,000 British citizens were detained without charge, trial, or term set, under Regulation 18B of the wartime Defence Regulations. Most of these detentions took place in the summer of 1940, soon after Winston Churchill became Prime Minister, when belief in the existence of a dangerous Fifth Column was widespread. Churchill, at first an enthusiast for vigorous use of the powers of executive detention, later came to lament the use of a power which was, in his words, ‘in the highest degree odious’. This book provides the first comprehensive study of Regulation 18B and its precursor in World War I, Regulation 14B. Based on extensive use of primary sources, it describes the complex history of wartime executive detention: the purposes which it served, the administrative procedures and safeguards employed, the conflicts between the Home Office and the Security Service which surrounded its use, the part played by individuals, by Parliament, and by the courts in restraining abuse of executive power, and the effect of detention upon the lives of the individuals concerned, very few of whom constituted any threat to national security. Much of what was done was kept secret at the time, and even today the authorities continue to refuse access to many of the papers which have escaped deliberate destruction. This study is the first to attempt to penetrate the veil of secrecy and tell the story of the gravest invasion of civil liberty which has occurred in Britain this century.Less
During World War II, just under 2,000 British citizens were detained without charge, trial, or term set, under Regulation 18B of the wartime Defence Regulations. Most of these detentions took place in the summer of 1940, soon after Winston Churchill became Prime Minister, when belief in the existence of a dangerous Fifth Column was widespread. Churchill, at first an enthusiast for vigorous use of the powers of executive detention, later came to lament the use of a power which was, in his words, ‘in the highest degree odious’. This book provides the first comprehensive study of Regulation 18B and its precursor in World War I, Regulation 14B. Based on extensive use of primary sources, it describes the complex history of wartime executive detention: the purposes which it served, the administrative procedures and safeguards employed, the conflicts between the Home Office and the Security Service which surrounded its use, the part played by individuals, by Parliament, and by the courts in restraining abuse of executive power, and the effect of detention upon the lives of the individuals concerned, very few of whom constituted any threat to national security. Much of what was done was kept secret at the time, and even today the authorities continue to refuse access to many of the papers which have escaped deliberate destruction. This study is the first to attempt to penetrate the veil of secrecy and tell the story of the gravest invasion of civil liberty which has occurred in Britain this century.
Joseph A. McCartin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199836789
- eISBN:
- 9780190254506
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199836789.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines the collision between Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 182 and a Cessna plane on September 25, 1978 over San Diego, and how it led to a further deterioration in the ...
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This chapter examines the collision between Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 182 and a Cessna plane on September 25, 1978 over San Diego, and how it led to a further deterioration in the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization's (PATCO) already strained relationship with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) under Jimmy Carter's administration. It also considers how the San Diego tragedy destabilized PATCO's leadership and sent the union stumbling in a new—and ultimately fatal—direction. The chapter first looks at the international familiarization flight debacle that left PATCO reeling in the late summer of 1978 before turning to the rise of the “Fifth Column” movement in the western states. Finally, it discusses Congress's failure to enact legislation that might have improved the bargaining power of PATCO and other federal sector unions.Less
This chapter examines the collision between Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 182 and a Cessna plane on September 25, 1978 over San Diego, and how it led to a further deterioration in the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization's (PATCO) already strained relationship with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) under Jimmy Carter's administration. It also considers how the San Diego tragedy destabilized PATCO's leadership and sent the union stumbling in a new—and ultimately fatal—direction. The chapter first looks at the international familiarization flight debacle that left PATCO reeling in the late summer of 1978 before turning to the rise of the “Fifth Column” movement in the western states. Finally, it discusses Congress's failure to enact legislation that might have improved the bargaining power of PATCO and other federal sector unions.
David G. Lewis
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474454766
- eISBN:
- 9781474480611
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474454766.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter explores the ways in which Russian elites sought to find a unifying idea and national identity for Russians after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Instead of forging a positive national ...
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This chapter explores the ways in which Russian elites sought to find a unifying idea and national identity for Russians after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Instead of forging a positive national idea, Putinism sought to create national unity by identifying enemies, both inside the country and externally. The West became the existential enemy for conservatives in the Kremlin, and liberal forces inside Russia were labelled a ‘fifth column’. This enemy discourse created a short-lived “Crimean consensus” after the annexation of Crimea in 2014, but this common feeling soon faded. After two decades of Putinism, the friend-enemy discourse no longer united Russians nor overcame deep-rooted social, political and economic cleavages in society.Less
This chapter explores the ways in which Russian elites sought to find a unifying idea and national identity for Russians after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Instead of forging a positive national idea, Putinism sought to create national unity by identifying enemies, both inside the country and externally. The West became the existential enemy for conservatives in the Kremlin, and liberal forces inside Russia were labelled a ‘fifth column’. This enemy discourse created a short-lived “Crimean consensus” after the annexation of Crimea in 2014, but this common feeling soon faded. After two decades of Putinism, the friend-enemy discourse no longer united Russians nor overcame deep-rooted social, political and economic cleavages in society.
