Donald A. Ritchie
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199790562
- eISBN:
- 9780199896820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199790562.003.0033
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Employees of the federal government have been doing historical work since 1861 and have facilitated historical work in countless ways. This chapter discusses how academic historians have dominated ...
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Employees of the federal government have been doing historical work since 1861 and have facilitated historical work in countless ways. This chapter discusses how academic historians have dominated the Mississippi Valley Historical Association / the Organization of American Historians (OAH) over nearly its entire lifetime. The marginalization of federal historians for many years led to the formation in 1979 of the Society for History in the Federal Government. The OAH soon began to better accommodate these historians, and at the end of its first century chose one of them to serve as its president.Less
Employees of the federal government have been doing historical work since 1861 and have facilitated historical work in countless ways. This chapter discusses how academic historians have dominated the Mississippi Valley Historical Association / the Organization of American Historians (OAH) over nearly its entire lifetime. The marginalization of federal historians for many years led to the formation in 1979 of the Society for History in the Federal Government. The OAH soon began to better accommodate these historians, and at the end of its first century chose one of them to serve as its president.
Jessica Ziparo
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469635972
- eISBN:
- 9781469635989
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635972.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter One explores how women came to work for the federal government. During the early years of the Civil War, different supervisors, scattered across various executive departments, created ...
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Chapter One explores how women came to work for the federal government. During the early years of the Civil War, different supervisors, scattered across various executive departments, created individualized and ad hoc policies regarding female employees based on their immediate labor needs, budget constraints, and personal views on the wisdom of female federal employment. The demographic information in application letters, employee files, and department ledgers, show that women across the country and the socioeconomic spectrum responded to the opportunity of civil service work in overwhelming numbers. The federal government hired African American women as manual laborers and clerks, though in far fewer numbers than it hired white women. Women’s letters reveal that they yearned for intellectually demanding and high-paying jobs in a land of limited options for female employment.Less
Chapter One explores how women came to work for the federal government. During the early years of the Civil War, different supervisors, scattered across various executive departments, created individualized and ad hoc policies regarding female employees based on their immediate labor needs, budget constraints, and personal views on the wisdom of female federal employment. The demographic information in application letters, employee files, and department ledgers, show that women across the country and the socioeconomic spectrum responded to the opportunity of civil service work in overwhelming numbers. The federal government hired African American women as manual laborers and clerks, though in far fewer numbers than it hired white women. Women’s letters reveal that they yearned for intellectually demanding and high-paying jobs in a land of limited options for female employment.
James W. Cortada
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199921553
- eISBN:
- 9780199980406
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199921553.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Wide adoption of computing began in the United States in the early 1940s and this chapter takes that story to the massive adoption of the Internet in the 1990s. The chapter explains the role of ...
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Wide adoption of computing began in the United States in the early 1940s and this chapter takes that story to the massive adoption of the Internet in the 1990s. The chapter explains the role of government, the Cold War, technological innovations, and economic preconditions that made rapid diffusion of IT possible in North America. The chapter describes the diffusion of information about computing around the country and how that propelled innovations and adoptions of the technology. The chapter argues that the American economy made the first and most aggressive investments in IT because it had the knowledge and need for this kind of technology, a perfect match in a capitalist economy that proved prosperous over the course of the second half of the twentieth century.Less
Wide adoption of computing began in the United States in the early 1940s and this chapter takes that story to the massive adoption of the Internet in the 1990s. The chapter explains the role of government, the Cold War, technological innovations, and economic preconditions that made rapid diffusion of IT possible in North America. The chapter describes the diffusion of information about computing around the country and how that propelled innovations and adoptions of the technology. The chapter argues that the American economy made the first and most aggressive investments in IT because it had the knowledge and need for this kind of technology, a perfect match in a capitalist economy that proved prosperous over the course of the second half of the twentieth century.
George F. DeMartino
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199730568
- eISBN:
- 9780199896776
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199730568.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
Where do economists work, and what do they do? The absence of licensing or certification of economists implies that there is no full mapping of the profession. This chapter begins to provide that ...
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Where do economists work, and what do they do? The absence of licensing or certification of economists implies that there is no full mapping of the profession. This chapter begins to provide that mapping, drawing on official government statistics, interviews and other sources. The mapping reveals the vast array of economists’ assignments and responsibilities in academia, the public and private sectors, non-governmental organizations and the multilateral agencies. While leadership of the profession (and its most prestigious associations) falls to academic economists, the majority of all economists are found outside of the university. Even this cursory survey of economists’ work begins to reveal the ethical quandaries that they face as they attempt to meet their professional responsibilities.Less
Where do economists work, and what do they do? The absence of licensing or certification of economists implies that there is no full mapping of the profession. This chapter begins to provide that mapping, drawing on official government statistics, interviews and other sources. The mapping reveals the vast array of economists’ assignments and responsibilities in academia, the public and private sectors, non-governmental organizations and the multilateral agencies. While leadership of the profession (and its most prestigious associations) falls to academic economists, the majority of all economists are found outside of the university. Even this cursory survey of economists’ work begins to reveal the ethical quandaries that they face as they attempt to meet their professional responsibilities.
Dirk Hanschel
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198746560
- eISBN:
- 9780191808487
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198746560.003.0016
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter examines the various legal and political means of federal law enforcement by Germany’s Federal Government and by the Federal Constitutional Court. This is understood as a form of ...
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This chapter examines the various legal and political means of federal law enforcement by Germany’s Federal Government and by the Federal Constitutional Court. This is understood as a form of resolution of vertical power conflicts within federations. While by its nature the main focus of this chapter lies on the legal means of federal law enforcement within the context of the notion of executive federalism, it also devotes some attention to the political dimension. Since German federalism is strongly based on consensus and cooperation, this dimension is very important in practice. Where antagonism between the Federation and the Länder occurs (whether expressed in political or legal terms), it is frequently either motivated by party politics or triggered by matters where specific subnational interests are at stake. Apart from negotiation, adjudication by the Constitutional Court is one of the key instruments to deal with that.Less
This chapter examines the various legal and political means of federal law enforcement by Germany’s Federal Government and by the Federal Constitutional Court. This is understood as a form of resolution of vertical power conflicts within federations. While by its nature the main focus of this chapter lies on the legal means of federal law enforcement within the context of the notion of executive federalism, it also devotes some attention to the political dimension. Since German federalism is strongly based on consensus and cooperation, this dimension is very important in practice. Where antagonism between the Federation and the Länder occurs (whether expressed in political or legal terms), it is frequently either motivated by party politics or triggered by matters where specific subnational interests are at stake. Apart from negotiation, adjudication by the Constitutional Court is one of the key instruments to deal with that.
Jessica Ziparo
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469635972
- eISBN:
- 9781469635989
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635972.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
In the volatility of the Civil War, the federal government opened its payrolls to women. Although the press and government officials considered the federal employment of women to be an innocuous ...
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In the volatility of the Civil War, the federal government opened its payrolls to women. Although the press and government officials considered the federal employment of women to be an innocuous wartime aberration, women immediately saw the new development for what it was: a rare chance to obtain well-paid, intellectually challenging work in a country and time that typically excluded females from such channels of labor. Thousands of female applicants from across the country flooded Washington with applications. Here, Jessica Ziparo traces the struggles and triumphs of early female federal employees, who were caught between traditional, cultural notions of female dependence and an evolving movement of female autonomy in a new economic reality. In doing so, Ziparo demonstrates how these women challenged societal gender norms, carved out a place for independent women in the streets of Washington, and sometimes clashed with the female suffrage movement. Examining the advent of female federal employment, Ziparo finds a lost opportunity for wage equality in the federal government and shows how despite discrimination, prejudice, and harassment, women persisted, succeeding in making their presence in the federal workforce permanent.Less
In the volatility of the Civil War, the federal government opened its payrolls to women. Although the press and government officials considered the federal employment of women to be an innocuous wartime aberration, women immediately saw the new development for what it was: a rare chance to obtain well-paid, intellectually challenging work in a country and time that typically excluded females from such channels of labor. Thousands of female applicants from across the country flooded Washington with applications. Here, Jessica Ziparo traces the struggles and triumphs of early female federal employees, who were caught between traditional, cultural notions of female dependence and an evolving movement of female autonomy in a new economic reality. In doing so, Ziparo demonstrates how these women challenged societal gender norms, carved out a place for independent women in the streets of Washington, and sometimes clashed with the female suffrage movement. Examining the advent of female federal employment, Ziparo finds a lost opportunity for wage equality in the federal government and shows how despite discrimination, prejudice, and harassment, women persisted, succeeding in making their presence in the federal workforce permanent.
Glenn Feldman (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813049878
- eISBN:
- 9780813050348
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813049878.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This book examines the often tortured relationship between the American South and the federal government. Taking its title from W. J. Cash's famous line about the South being “not quite a nation ...
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This book examines the often tortured relationship between the American South and the federal government. Taking its title from W. J. Cash's famous line about the South being “not quite a nation within a nation, but the next thing to it,” the volume takes the form of a collection of cutting-edge essays by, predominantly, historians but also several political scientists and a human geographer. The anthology is divided into five parts that closely study issues such as race, politics, war, culture, southern nationalism, neo-Confederate thought, economic development, reform, the Tea Party, and resistance to taxation—among other topics. The book is especially timely as it directly concerns the question of whether or not the South is distinctive and exceptional relative to the rest of the United States.Less
This book examines the often tortured relationship between the American South and the federal government. Taking its title from W. J. Cash's famous line about the South being “not quite a nation within a nation, but the next thing to it,” the volume takes the form of a collection of cutting-edge essays by, predominantly, historians but also several political scientists and a human geographer. The anthology is divided into five parts that closely study issues such as race, politics, war, culture, southern nationalism, neo-Confederate thought, economic development, reform, the Tea Party, and resistance to taxation—among other topics. The book is especially timely as it directly concerns the question of whether or not the South is distinctive and exceptional relative to the rest of the United States.
Simone Polillo
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804785099
- eISBN:
- 9780804785556
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804785099.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
The chapter focuses on political challenges to the decentralized structure of the U.S. polity, and on the response of conservative bankers. Wildcat bankers increasingly contested and disrupted the ...
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The chapter focuses on political challenges to the decentralized structure of the U.S. polity, and on the response of conservative bankers. Wildcat bankers increasingly contested and disrupted the activities of conservative bankers, ultimately appealing to the need to defend slavery. Even in the aftermath of the Civil War, when slavery was formally abolished, sectional divisions continued characterizing debates about, and legislation on, the proper role of government. Conservative bankers were thus forced to refashion themselves as neutral arbiters of character and reputations, couching this role in an ideology that identified the value of money as deriving from commercial transactions, and shaping the constitution of the Federal Reserve System accordingly.Less
The chapter focuses on political challenges to the decentralized structure of the U.S. polity, and on the response of conservative bankers. Wildcat bankers increasingly contested and disrupted the activities of conservative bankers, ultimately appealing to the need to defend slavery. Even in the aftermath of the Civil War, when slavery was formally abolished, sectional divisions continued characterizing debates about, and legislation on, the proper role of government. Conservative bankers were thus forced to refashion themselves as neutral arbiters of character and reputations, couching this role in an ideology that identified the value of money as deriving from commercial transactions, and shaping the constitution of the Federal Reserve System accordingly.
Aden Abdi and Alexander Ramsbotham
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190947910
- eISBN:
- 9780190055929
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190947910.003.0015
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
Rivalries and tensions in Somalia exist on several levels: within and between Federal Member States (FMS); between FMS and the Federal Government of Somalia; and in the wider region. This chapter ...
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Rivalries and tensions in Somalia exist on several levels: within and between Federal Member States (FMS); between FMS and the Federal Government of Somalia; and in the wider region. This chapter argues that reconciliation should be incorporated into all reform and state-building efforts, including initiatives that relate to decentralization, federalism, and the constitution. A comprehensive and inclusive framework for national reconciliation should be developed. Within this framework, there should be mechanisms to hold leaders accountable, including for past crimes, for which a truth and reconciliation commission should be established. The application of xeer has helped build peace in Somaliland and could play an important role in promoting national reconciliation.Less
Rivalries and tensions in Somalia exist on several levels: within and between Federal Member States (FMS); between FMS and the Federal Government of Somalia; and in the wider region. This chapter argues that reconciliation should be incorporated into all reform and state-building efforts, including initiatives that relate to decentralization, federalism, and the constitution. A comprehensive and inclusive framework for national reconciliation should be developed. Within this framework, there should be mechanisms to hold leaders accountable, including for past crimes, for which a truth and reconciliation commission should be established. The application of xeer has helped build peace in Somaliland and could play an important role in promoting national reconciliation.
Jessica Ziparo
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469635972
- eISBN:
- 9781469635989
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635972.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 2 examines how women applied for federal positions and details the criteria department heads used for selection. In general, supervisors were paternalistic, choosing female applicants who ...
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Chapter 2 examines how women applied for federal positions and details the criteria department heads used for selection. In general, supervisors were paternalistic, choosing female applicants who presented themselves as dependent and helpless over applicants who displayed independence and ambition. Supervisors gave jobs to women who had powerful men to advocate on their behalf, who appeared needy, and who were applying because some tragedy, often the Civil War, had removed their male support. While many women and their recommenders adhered to this narrative of dependence, women’s actions during the application process—including self-advocacy, working other jobs to stay afloat, and keeping abreast of developments in the departments—revealed significant independence and ambition. Julia Wilbur’s experience in obtaining a job in the Patent Office is detailed.Less
Chapter 2 examines how women applied for federal positions and details the criteria department heads used for selection. In general, supervisors were paternalistic, choosing female applicants who presented themselves as dependent and helpless over applicants who displayed independence and ambition. Supervisors gave jobs to women who had powerful men to advocate on their behalf, who appeared needy, and who were applying because some tragedy, often the Civil War, had removed their male support. While many women and their recommenders adhered to this narrative of dependence, women’s actions during the application process—including self-advocacy, working other jobs to stay afloat, and keeping abreast of developments in the departments—revealed significant independence and ambition. Julia Wilbur’s experience in obtaining a job in the Patent Office is detailed.
Natalie Motise Davis
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813049878
- eISBN:
- 9780813050348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813049878.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Political scientist and public opinion expert Natalie Motise Davis uses Alabama as a laboratory to study the paradox of a consistently churlish attitude toward the federal government on the part of ...
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Political scientist and public opinion expert Natalie Motise Davis uses Alabama as a laboratory to study the paradox of a consistently churlish attitude toward the federal government on the part of so many white southerners and the region's equally consistent disproportionate benefitting from federal funding. Southern states benefit the most from federal programs and tax expenditures, Davis tells us, yet southerners have significantly more negative opinions about the role and performance of Washington than others around the country. Not only is the degree of southern reliance on the federal government not common knowledge in Dixie, it actually has little bearing on southern white opinions of the central government. Davis explores why is there is such a disconnect between the fact that Alabamians benefit disproportionally from public spending and tax policies and the belief by 40 percent, for example, that they pay “more than their fair share” in federal taxes. The chapter employs both aggregate and survey data in an accessible way to shed light on this apparent and important contradiction.Less
Political scientist and public opinion expert Natalie Motise Davis uses Alabama as a laboratory to study the paradox of a consistently churlish attitude toward the federal government on the part of so many white southerners and the region's equally consistent disproportionate benefitting from federal funding. Southern states benefit the most from federal programs and tax expenditures, Davis tells us, yet southerners have significantly more negative opinions about the role and performance of Washington than others around the country. Not only is the degree of southern reliance on the federal government not common knowledge in Dixie, it actually has little bearing on southern white opinions of the central government. Davis explores why is there is such a disconnect between the fact that Alabamians benefit disproportionally from public spending and tax policies and the belief by 40 percent, for example, that they pay “more than their fair share” in federal taxes. The chapter employs both aggregate and survey data in an accessible way to shed light on this apparent and important contradiction.
Rômulo Paes-Sousa and Aline Gazola Hellmann
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447306849
- eISBN:
- 9781447310976
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447306849.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
The chapter focuses on the federal executive, discussing the institutional mechanisms developed by the federal government to promote systematic, ongoing policy evaluation. They emphasise the ...
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The chapter focuses on the federal executive, discussing the institutional mechanisms developed by the federal government to promote systematic, ongoing policy evaluation. They emphasise the historical dimension, here as regards monitoring and evaluation programmes, particularly since the 2000s. They attribute the growth of a technical culture of monitoring and evaluation to increasing government emphasis on social policy after re-democratisation, the expansion of public policy programmes at universities, the development of new information technology capabilities and the influence of international agencies on the government policy and programme evaluation agenda.Less
The chapter focuses on the federal executive, discussing the institutional mechanisms developed by the federal government to promote systematic, ongoing policy evaluation. They emphasise the historical dimension, here as regards monitoring and evaluation programmes, particularly since the 2000s. They attribute the growth of a technical culture of monitoring and evaluation to increasing government emphasis on social policy after re-democratisation, the expansion of public policy programmes at universities, the development of new information technology capabilities and the influence of international agencies on the government policy and programme evaluation agenda.
John Syrett
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823224890
- eISBN:
- 9780823240852
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823224890.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This book is the first full account in more than 20 years of two significant, but relatively understudied, laws passed during the Civil War. The Confiscation Acts (1861–62) were designed to sanction ...
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This book is the first full account in more than 20 years of two significant, but relatively understudied, laws passed during the Civil War. The Confiscation Acts (1861–62) were designed to sanction slave holding states by authorizing the Federal Government to seize rebel properties (including land and other assets held in Northern and border states) and grant freedom to slaves who fought with or worked for the Confederate military. Abraham Lincoln objected to the Acts for fear they might push border states, particularly Missouri and Kentucky, into secession. The Acts were eventually rendered moot by the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment. The author examines the political contexts of the Acts, especially the debates in Congress, and demonstrates how the failure of the Confiscation Acts during the war presaged the political and structural shortcomings of Reconstruction after the war.Less
This book is the first full account in more than 20 years of two significant, but relatively understudied, laws passed during the Civil War. The Confiscation Acts (1861–62) were designed to sanction slave holding states by authorizing the Federal Government to seize rebel properties (including land and other assets held in Northern and border states) and grant freedom to slaves who fought with or worked for the Confederate military. Abraham Lincoln objected to the Acts for fear they might push border states, particularly Missouri and Kentucky, into secession. The Acts were eventually rendered moot by the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment. The author examines the political contexts of the Acts, especially the debates in Congress, and demonstrates how the failure of the Confiscation Acts during the war presaged the political and structural shortcomings of Reconstruction after the war.
Romain D. Huret
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780801450488
- eISBN:
- 9781501709531
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450488.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This book traces the efforts of a dedicated community of experts to create a policy bureaucracy that reigned until Richard Nixon implemented the Family Assistance Plan in 1969. Although they toiled ...
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This book traces the efforts of a dedicated community of experts to create a policy bureaucracy that reigned until Richard Nixon implemented the Family Assistance Plan in 1969. Although they toiled in relative obscurity, this cadre of experts waged their own war on the American political establishment, creating policies that challenged the unscientific prejudices that ruled DC politics. The Experts’ War on Poverty highlights the metrics, research, and economic and social data that these social scientists employed in their day-to-day work. Huret argues that this internal “war” at a time of great disruption due to the Cold War undermined and fractured the institutional system officially intended ending poverty. What developed instead, he writes, was a group that was determined to fight poverty in ways that the federal government was unable to pursue by promoting radical policies and a more progressive government role and sweeping reforms. The Expert’s War on Poverty closely examines the intellectual, social, and political dimensions of this community of experts and social scientists and how they shaped American policy in the Cold War era.Less
This book traces the efforts of a dedicated community of experts to create a policy bureaucracy that reigned until Richard Nixon implemented the Family Assistance Plan in 1969. Although they toiled in relative obscurity, this cadre of experts waged their own war on the American political establishment, creating policies that challenged the unscientific prejudices that ruled DC politics. The Experts’ War on Poverty highlights the metrics, research, and economic and social data that these social scientists employed in their day-to-day work. Huret argues that this internal “war” at a time of great disruption due to the Cold War undermined and fractured the institutional system officially intended ending poverty. What developed instead, he writes, was a group that was determined to fight poverty in ways that the federal government was unable to pursue by promoting radical policies and a more progressive government role and sweeping reforms. The Expert’s War on Poverty closely examines the intellectual, social, and political dimensions of this community of experts and social scientists and how they shaped American policy in the Cold War era.
Thomas F. Schaller
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813049878
- eISBN:
- 9780813050348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813049878.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Political scientist Thomas F. Schaller examines in detail the unique role of South Carolina in American history and politics. The center of the Nullification Crisis of the nineteenth century, as well ...
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Political scientist Thomas F. Schaller examines in detail the unique role of South Carolina in American history and politics. The center of the Nullification Crisis of the nineteenth century, as well as the first state to secede, the Palmetto State has consistently been at the forefront of opposition to the federal government and a virulent insistence on the sanctity of states’ rights. Its importance continues today, as Schaller demonstrates, including the prominent role that the state's primary and customary visits to Bob Jones University play for the GOP presidential nominating process. From the 1770s South Carolina embraced the resister's role with relish and John C. Calhoun—perhaps its favorite son—is virtually synonymous with the antebellum “nullification” movement and the doctrine of interposition. Schaller examines why it is that South Carolina has repeatedly distinguished itself as a federal outlier to the Republic—a state first to secede, and often last to accede—to the laws and norms embraced by much of the rest of the nation. In doing so, he links the past to the present.Less
Political scientist Thomas F. Schaller examines in detail the unique role of South Carolina in American history and politics. The center of the Nullification Crisis of the nineteenth century, as well as the first state to secede, the Palmetto State has consistently been at the forefront of opposition to the federal government and a virulent insistence on the sanctity of states’ rights. Its importance continues today, as Schaller demonstrates, including the prominent role that the state's primary and customary visits to Bob Jones University play for the GOP presidential nominating process. From the 1770s South Carolina embraced the resister's role with relish and John C. Calhoun—perhaps its favorite son—is virtually synonymous with the antebellum “nullification” movement and the doctrine of interposition. Schaller examines why it is that South Carolina has repeatedly distinguished itself as a federal outlier to the Republic—a state first to secede, and often last to accede—to the laws and norms embraced by much of the rest of the nation. In doing so, he links the past to the present.
David R. Jansson
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813049878
- eISBN:
- 9780813050348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813049878.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Human geographer David R. Jansson takes for his task the examination of contemporary attitudes of southern nationalists towards the central government, both from a critique of American “empire” by ...
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Human geographer David R. Jansson takes for his task the examination of contemporary attitudes of southern nationalists towards the central government, both from a critique of American “empire” by groups such as the neo-Confederate League of the South and the role that Latin American, particularly Mexican, immigration has played in antagonizing southern nationalists. The presence of dark-skinned people who speak Spanish in the local cultural landscape is interpreted, Jansson tells us, as a betrayal by the federal government of the South's largely homogenous and culturally cohesive communities. This fascinating chapter is based on interviews with League of the South members and leaders as well as email correspondence and materials from the League and other southern nationalist groups such as the Southern National Congress.Less
Human geographer David R. Jansson takes for his task the examination of contemporary attitudes of southern nationalists towards the central government, both from a critique of American “empire” by groups such as the neo-Confederate League of the South and the role that Latin American, particularly Mexican, immigration has played in antagonizing southern nationalists. The presence of dark-skinned people who speak Spanish in the local cultural landscape is interpreted, Jansson tells us, as a betrayal by the federal government of the South's largely homogenous and culturally cohesive communities. This fascinating chapter is based on interviews with League of the South members and leaders as well as email correspondence and materials from the League and other southern nationalist groups such as the Southern National Congress.
Romain D. Huret
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780801450488
- eISBN:
- 9781501709531
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450488.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter describes the invention of the modern poverty paradox – the increase of poor people in spite of economic growth in the 1950s. On this matter, the federal government played a pioneering ...
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This chapter describes the invention of the modern poverty paradox – the increase of poor people in spite of economic growth in the 1950s. On this matter, the federal government played a pioneering role. By then, poor people were invisible, and federal officials gather statistics and ponder over new tools of measurement.Less
This chapter describes the invention of the modern poverty paradox – the increase of poor people in spite of economic growth in the 1950s. On this matter, the federal government played a pioneering role. By then, poor people were invisible, and federal officials gather statistics and ponder over new tools of measurement.
J. Eric Pardue
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813036847
- eISBN:
- 9780813043999
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036847.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter focuses on the pre-Goldwater period as critical in the formation of a Republican South. Specifically, it examines a 1961 special election for a congressional seat between Republican oil ...
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This chapter focuses on the pre-Goldwater period as critical in the formation of a Republican South. Specifically, it examines a 1961 special election for a congressional seat between Republican oil man Charlton Lyons and an older, conservative Democrat, Joe Waggoner. The election and the conduct of its candidates demonstrates that Republicans were making in-roads in the South before 1964 by capitalizing on “Kennedyphobia,” or southern white animosity to racial liberalism and an activist federal government. Lyons lost by a hair to his established opponent in a traditionally strong Democratic district by running on a platform tying him to a national Democratic Party perceived as excessively liberal, soft on communism, and out-of-touch with white north Louisianans on race.Less
This chapter focuses on the pre-Goldwater period as critical in the formation of a Republican South. Specifically, it examines a 1961 special election for a congressional seat between Republican oil man Charlton Lyons and an older, conservative Democrat, Joe Waggoner. The election and the conduct of its candidates demonstrates that Republicans were making in-roads in the South before 1964 by capitalizing on “Kennedyphobia,” or southern white animosity to racial liberalism and an activist federal government. Lyons lost by a hair to his established opponent in a traditionally strong Democratic district by running on a platform tying him to a national Democratic Party perceived as excessively liberal, soft on communism, and out-of-touch with white north Louisianans on race.
Richard Barrett
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190947910
- eISBN:
- 9780190055929
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190947910.003.0032
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This chapter considers the origins of Al-Shabaab and the gap between its rhetoric and practice. Despite its globalist agenda, reinforced by its allegiance to Al-Qaida, Al-Shabaab is at its core an ...
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This chapter considers the origins of Al-Shabaab and the gap between its rhetoric and practice. Despite its globalist agenda, reinforced by its allegiance to Al-Qaida, Al-Shabaab is at its core an ethnic movement with its focus on Somalia. As such, it can only survive, let alone expand, by offering better security, better prospects, and better governance than the structures established by the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS). Currently, however, the FGS is dominant and Al-Shabaab does not look like a viable alternative. To stem its decline, Al-Shabaab has appealed to Somalis as Muslims to support its role in the global campaign against ‘Western aggression’, while mounting attacks inside the country to undermine any appearance of growing stability, and attacking outside the country to dissuade Somalia's regional allies from continuing their support.Less
This chapter considers the origins of Al-Shabaab and the gap between its rhetoric and practice. Despite its globalist agenda, reinforced by its allegiance to Al-Qaida, Al-Shabaab is at its core an ethnic movement with its focus on Somalia. As such, it can only survive, let alone expand, by offering better security, better prospects, and better governance than the structures established by the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS). Currently, however, the FGS is dominant and Al-Shabaab does not look like a viable alternative. To stem its decline, Al-Shabaab has appealed to Somalis as Muslims to support its role in the global campaign against ‘Western aggression’, while mounting attacks inside the country to undermine any appearance of growing stability, and attacking outside the country to dissuade Somalia's regional allies from continuing their support.
Chris Myers Asch and George Derek Musgrove
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469635866
- eISBN:
- 9781469635873
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635866.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter describe the pervasive system of segregation that relegated black Washingtonians to second-class citizenship in the 1910s and 1920s. Though never as rigid as many white Washingtonians ...
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This chapter describe the pervasive system of segregation that relegated black Washingtonians to second-class citizenship in the 1910s and 1920s. Though never as rigid as many white Washingtonians might have hoped, segregation proved remarkably effective at undermining black progress and stifling black ambition in the early decades of the twentieth century. Democrat Woodrow Wilson institutionalized racial subordination within the federal government, a policy solidified during a decade of Republican control of Congress and the White House in the 1920s. Racial violence targeting D.C.’s black community, highly visible demonstrations of white power at the Lincoln Memorial and in Klan parades along Pennsylvania Avenue, and the spread of racial restrictive covenants all revealed the strength and resilience of white supremacy in the nation’s capital. And yet, despite the suffocating climate of segregation, black Washingtonians built self-sustaining neighborhoods and community institutions that affirmed black self-worth, cultivated black pride, and challenged the culture of white supremacy. Black self-assertion defended black dignity in a city that black residents claimed as their own.Less
This chapter describe the pervasive system of segregation that relegated black Washingtonians to second-class citizenship in the 1910s and 1920s. Though never as rigid as many white Washingtonians might have hoped, segregation proved remarkably effective at undermining black progress and stifling black ambition in the early decades of the twentieth century. Democrat Woodrow Wilson institutionalized racial subordination within the federal government, a policy solidified during a decade of Republican control of Congress and the White House in the 1920s. Racial violence targeting D.C.’s black community, highly visible demonstrations of white power at the Lincoln Memorial and in Klan parades along Pennsylvania Avenue, and the spread of racial restrictive covenants all revealed the strength and resilience of white supremacy in the nation’s capital. And yet, despite the suffocating climate of segregation, black Washingtonians built self-sustaining neighborhoods and community institutions that affirmed black self-worth, cultivated black pride, and challenged the culture of white supremacy. Black self-assertion defended black dignity in a city that black residents claimed as their own.
