Dario Melossi
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197266922
- eISBN:
- 9780191938184
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266922.003.0012
- Subject:
- Law
This Chapter advances two claims which are related and sustain each other. The first is that in the contemporary “post-Fordist” world, the coupling of imprisonment and production persists in a ...
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This Chapter advances two claims which are related and sustain each other. The first is that in the contemporary “post-Fordist” world, the coupling of imprisonment and production persists in a relationship, if not between “the prison” and “the factory” – as Dario Melossi and Massimo Pavarini wrote 40 years ago – rather between “the prison” and “subordination”, because what all the multiple forms of “labor” and “non-labor” have in common – and have in common with the origins of protoindustrial capitalism – is subordination. The second is that the traditional reading of the “Rusche and Kirchheimer hypothesis” on the relationship between economic cycles and imprisonment depends on the specific conjuncture and class composition of the capitalist social formation to which it is applied. One thing is economic development in the period of Fordist mass industry and another in the globalized and fragmented labor market of neo-liberalism. Often imprisonment promotes phases of capitalist development rather than crises and recessions. Furthermore, subordination and inequality are strictly linked and feed on each other. Inequality promotes subordination, by putting the squeeze on those who are at the bottom of the social hierarchy; but subordination at the same time promotes inequality, by making sure that those who occupy those bottom positions, stay there. One strong link in the chain of subordination to inequality is penality, because penality reinforces inequality by reaffirming subordination. Data about long-run empirical relationships between imprisonment rates and inequality measures for the US and Italy are discussed.Less
This Chapter advances two claims which are related and sustain each other. The first is that in the contemporary “post-Fordist” world, the coupling of imprisonment and production persists in a relationship, if not between “the prison” and “the factory” – as Dario Melossi and Massimo Pavarini wrote 40 years ago – rather between “the prison” and “subordination”, because what all the multiple forms of “labor” and “non-labor” have in common – and have in common with the origins of protoindustrial capitalism – is subordination. The second is that the traditional reading of the “Rusche and Kirchheimer hypothesis” on the relationship between economic cycles and imprisonment depends on the specific conjuncture and class composition of the capitalist social formation to which it is applied. One thing is economic development in the period of Fordist mass industry and another in the globalized and fragmented labor market of neo-liberalism. Often imprisonment promotes phases of capitalist development rather than crises and recessions. Furthermore, subordination and inequality are strictly linked and feed on each other. Inequality promotes subordination, by putting the squeeze on those who are at the bottom of the social hierarchy; but subordination at the same time promotes inequality, by making sure that those who occupy those bottom positions, stay there. One strong link in the chain of subordination to inequality is penality, because penality reinforces inequality by reaffirming subordination. Data about long-run empirical relationships between imprisonment rates and inequality measures for the US and Italy are discussed.
Helena Chance
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781784993009
- eISBN:
- 9781526124043
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784993009.001.0001
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
From the 1880s, a new type of designed green space appeared in the industrial landscape in Britain and the USA, the factory pleasure garden and recreation park, and some companies opened allotment ...
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From the 1880s, a new type of designed green space appeared in the industrial landscape in Britain and the USA, the factory pleasure garden and recreation park, and some companies opened allotment gardens for local children. Initially inspired by the landscapes of industrial villages in the UK, progressive American and British industrialists employed landscape and garden architects to improve the advantages and aesthetic of their factories. In the US, these landscapes were created at a time of the USA’s ascendancy as the world’s leading industrial nation. The factory garden and park movement flourished between the Wars, driven by the belief in the value of gardens and parks to employee welfare and to recruitment and retention. Arguably above all, in an age of burgeoning mass media, factory landscaping represented calculated exercises in public relations, materially contributing to advertising and the development of attractive corporate identities. Following the Second World War the Americans led the way in corporate landscaping as suburban office campuses, estates and parks multiplied. In the twenty-first century a refreshed approach brings designs closer in spirit to pioneering early twentieth century factory landscapes. This book gives the first comprehensive and comparative account of the contribution of gardens, gardening and sports to the history of responsible capitalism and ethical working practices from multiple critical perspectives and draws together the existing literature with key primary material from some of the most innovative and best documented of the corporate landscapes; Cadbury, the National Cash Register Company, Shredded Wheat and Spirella Corsets.Less
From the 1880s, a new type of designed green space appeared in the industrial landscape in Britain and the USA, the factory pleasure garden and recreation park, and some companies opened allotment gardens for local children. Initially inspired by the landscapes of industrial villages in the UK, progressive American and British industrialists employed landscape and garden architects to improve the advantages and aesthetic of their factories. In the US, these landscapes were created at a time of the USA’s ascendancy as the world’s leading industrial nation. The factory garden and park movement flourished between the Wars, driven by the belief in the value of gardens and parks to employee welfare and to recruitment and retention. Arguably above all, in an age of burgeoning mass media, factory landscaping represented calculated exercises in public relations, materially contributing to advertising and the development of attractive corporate identities. Following the Second World War the Americans led the way in corporate landscaping as suburban office campuses, estates and parks multiplied. In the twenty-first century a refreshed approach brings designs closer in spirit to pioneering early twentieth century factory landscapes. This book gives the first comprehensive and comparative account of the contribution of gardens, gardening and sports to the history of responsible capitalism and ethical working practices from multiple critical perspectives and draws together the existing literature with key primary material from some of the most innovative and best documented of the corporate landscapes; Cadbury, the National Cash Register Company, Shredded Wheat and Spirella Corsets.
Liam Gillick
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231170208
- eISBN:
- 9780231540964
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231170208.003.0013
- Subject:
- Art, Art Theory and Criticism
Production within a discursive context.
Production within a discursive context.
CHUSHICHI TSUZUKI
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205890
- eISBN:
- 9780191676840
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205890.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, Political History
When the Meiji emperor died in 1912, an era came to an end. This is an era of which the Japanese could rightly be proud as it was one of enormous success in terms of modernization, while the ...
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When the Meiji emperor died in 1912, an era came to an end. This is an era of which the Japanese could rightly be proud as it was one of enormous success in terms of modernization, while the traditional power-structures and equally traditional social and cultural frameworks were mainly kept intact. Thus, the transition from one era to another era is reported in this chapter. The evolution of party politics, the Taisho seihen (political change), and Japan and the First World War are also detailed. In addition, the chapter considers Minponshugi or ‘people-ism’, war prosperity, the Factory Act of 1911 (enforced in 1916), and Suzuki Bunji and the Yuaikai. As the war ended, Taisho democracy seemed to be moving slowly along a path that might lead Japan to the threshold of social democracy and even beyond it, encouraged by the revolutionary events in Europe.Less
When the Meiji emperor died in 1912, an era came to an end. This is an era of which the Japanese could rightly be proud as it was one of enormous success in terms of modernization, while the traditional power-structures and equally traditional social and cultural frameworks were mainly kept intact. Thus, the transition from one era to another era is reported in this chapter. The evolution of party politics, the Taisho seihen (political change), and Japan and the First World War are also detailed. In addition, the chapter considers Minponshugi or ‘people-ism’, war prosperity, the Factory Act of 1911 (enforced in 1916), and Suzuki Bunji and the Yuaikai. As the war ended, Taisho democracy seemed to be moving slowly along a path that might lead Japan to the threshold of social democracy and even beyond it, encouraged by the revolutionary events in Europe.
Sarah Waters
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781789622232
- eISBN:
- 9781800341586
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789622232.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
Chapter five examines a series of suicides at car manufacturer Renault, situating them in the transition from an industrial model to a knowledge economy, in which value is expropriated from the ...
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Chapter five examines a series of suicides at car manufacturer Renault, situating them in the transition from an industrial model to a knowledge economy, in which value is expropriated from the resources of the mind. Suicides did not take place in the emblematic spaces of the factory, where cars were once mass produced, but in a state-of-the art research centre, where cognitive workers conceptualised and designed cutting-edge cars of the future. In the knowledge economy, the mind is treated as an endlessly productive resource that reproduces itself continuously and is unencumbered by the physical limitations of the body. I argue that suicides were the end point of a form of vital exhaustion that transcends the corporeal defences of the physical body and depletes the mental and emotional resources of the self. Suicides do not reflect a deterioration in formal or material conditions of work, but rather a transformation in forms of constraint, as the individual worker internalises modes of discipline and becomes his or her own boss. Suicides affected workers who experienced a phase of chronic overwork in which the quest to achieve productivity targets pushed them to work continuously and obsessively.Less
Chapter five examines a series of suicides at car manufacturer Renault, situating them in the transition from an industrial model to a knowledge economy, in which value is expropriated from the resources of the mind. Suicides did not take place in the emblematic spaces of the factory, where cars were once mass produced, but in a state-of-the art research centre, where cognitive workers conceptualised and designed cutting-edge cars of the future. In the knowledge economy, the mind is treated as an endlessly productive resource that reproduces itself continuously and is unencumbered by the physical limitations of the body. I argue that suicides were the end point of a form of vital exhaustion that transcends the corporeal defences of the physical body and depletes the mental and emotional resources of the self. Suicides do not reflect a deterioration in formal or material conditions of work, but rather a transformation in forms of constraint, as the individual worker internalises modes of discipline and becomes his or her own boss. Suicides affected workers who experienced a phase of chronic overwork in which the quest to achieve productivity targets pushed them to work continuously and obsessively.
Geoffrey Tweedale
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199243990
- eISBN:
- 9780191697326
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199243990.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This chapter sheds more light on the central question of this book: why it took so many decades for the full implications of the asbestos health problem to be realized and acted upon. Data ...
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This chapter sheds more light on the central question of this book: why it took so many decades for the full implications of the asbestos health problem to be realized and acted upon. Data disseminated in the annual reports of the Chief Inspector of Factories showed that the Factory Inspectorate did provide important insights into the dangers of asbestos for those who cared to look. However, the culture of the Factory Inspectorate militated against dealing effectively with severe industrial hazards. Matters of health and safety involved a dialogue between the Inspectors and the bosses — a dialogue from which the workers were invariably excluded. Unions were largely ineffective in modifying the provisions of the 1931 legislation and gave health and safety a low priority. Evidence from Turner & Newall also highlights the difficulty trade unions faced in opposing a powerful commercial organization.Less
This chapter sheds more light on the central question of this book: why it took so many decades for the full implications of the asbestos health problem to be realized and acted upon. Data disseminated in the annual reports of the Chief Inspector of Factories showed that the Factory Inspectorate did provide important insights into the dangers of asbestos for those who cared to look. However, the culture of the Factory Inspectorate militated against dealing effectively with severe industrial hazards. Matters of health and safety involved a dialogue between the Inspectors and the bosses — a dialogue from which the workers were invariably excluded. Unions were largely ineffective in modifying the provisions of the 1931 legislation and gave health and safety a low priority. Evidence from Turner & Newall also highlights the difficulty trade unions faced in opposing a powerful commercial organization.
Geoffrey Tweedale
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199243990
- eISBN:
- 9780191697326
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199243990.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
The 1969 Regulations had for the first time set a quantitative limit for asbestos dust, yet neither the asbestos industry nor the government felt able to implement or enforce such a threshold ...
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The 1969 Regulations had for the first time set a quantitative limit for asbestos dust, yet neither the asbestos industry nor the government felt able to implement or enforce such a threshold immediately. The Factory Inspectorate stepped up its surveillance of asbestos factories and planned a new dust survey of the industry, but the demand for sampling was overwhelming. In industry itself, most of the asbestos textile factories in 1970 were operating over the 2-fibre limit and full compliance would clearly take some time. The situation was dire in Turner & Newall's overseas plants. In 1973, an inspection of the company's Canadian plant showed dangerous and dusty conditions. Of the 166 men exposed to asbestos for fifteen years or more, 91 current employees had asbestosis. The Canadian situation was mirrored in Turner & Newall's extensive African mining and manufacturing interests.Less
The 1969 Regulations had for the first time set a quantitative limit for asbestos dust, yet neither the asbestos industry nor the government felt able to implement or enforce such a threshold immediately. The Factory Inspectorate stepped up its surveillance of asbestos factories and planned a new dust survey of the industry, but the demand for sampling was overwhelming. In industry itself, most of the asbestos textile factories in 1970 were operating over the 2-fibre limit and full compliance would clearly take some time. The situation was dire in Turner & Newall's overseas plants. In 1973, an inspection of the company's Canadian plant showed dangerous and dusty conditions. Of the 166 men exposed to asbestos for fifteen years or more, 91 current employees had asbestosis. The Canadian situation was mirrored in Turner & Newall's extensive African mining and manufacturing interests.
Bob Borossm
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813049298
- eISBN:
- 9780813050119
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813049298.003.0015
- Subject:
- Music, Dance
As a teacher and choreographer for more than 30 years, Frank Hatchett has been a driving force in taking the latest steps and trends from street and social dance and translating them into a jazz ...
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As a teacher and choreographer for more than 30 years, Frank Hatchett has been a driving force in taking the latest steps and trends from street and social dance and translating them into a jazz dance style he calls “VOP.” From the 1960s twist to 1990s hip-hop, Frank Hatchett has been the conduit from the street to the commercial stage. VOP is based in strong concert and ethnic dance techniques, and a dancer who becomes proficient in VOP understands technique and has attitude and flair. Hatchett’s VOP attitude found a home in NYC when he first began teaching at JoJo’s Dance Factory in 1980, and flourished in 1984 when he became co-owner of a new studio at that very same location – the legendary Broadway Dance Center. Hatchett spent subsequent years as a mainstay at Broadway Dance Center, leading daily classes in his legendary style.Less
As a teacher and choreographer for more than 30 years, Frank Hatchett has been a driving force in taking the latest steps and trends from street and social dance and translating them into a jazz dance style he calls “VOP.” From the 1960s twist to 1990s hip-hop, Frank Hatchett has been the conduit from the street to the commercial stage. VOP is based in strong concert and ethnic dance techniques, and a dancer who becomes proficient in VOP understands technique and has attitude and flair. Hatchett’s VOP attitude found a home in NYC when he first began teaching at JoJo’s Dance Factory in 1980, and flourished in 1984 when he became co-owner of a new studio at that very same location – the legendary Broadway Dance Center. Hatchett spent subsequent years as a mainstay at Broadway Dance Center, leading daily classes in his legendary style.
Mihai Varga
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719091124
- eISBN:
- 9781781707777
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091124.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
The book’s main idea is to study why and how successful forms of workers’ interest representation could emerge in a hostile context. The post-communist context makes it difficult for workers and ...
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The book’s main idea is to study why and how successful forms of workers’ interest representation could emerge in a hostile context. The post-communist context makes it difficult for workers and trade unions to mobilize, pose threats to employers, and break out of their political isolation. But initial fieldwork uncovered many instances of worker groups and trade unions that overcame such difficulties, something that led to the following overarching research question: What specific strategies can succeed in advancing the rights and living standards of workers? The book’s main argument is that strategy matters even under the harshest conditions. Successful unions ensured a situational definition connecting the workers' and the union leaders' perceptions about employers and thus ensuring that workers would back the actions of the union. Furthermore, successful unions calibrated threats they addressed to employers to the production intentions of the employer and to the employer's organizational structure. They also ensured outside support, at least in the form of state intervention. The cases studied in this book are 18 conflict episodes at 10 privatized plants in the Romanian steel industry and Ukraine's civil machine-building sector in the 2000s.Less
The book’s main idea is to study why and how successful forms of workers’ interest representation could emerge in a hostile context. The post-communist context makes it difficult for workers and trade unions to mobilize, pose threats to employers, and break out of their political isolation. But initial fieldwork uncovered many instances of worker groups and trade unions that overcame such difficulties, something that led to the following overarching research question: What specific strategies can succeed in advancing the rights and living standards of workers? The book’s main argument is that strategy matters even under the harshest conditions. Successful unions ensured a situational definition connecting the workers' and the union leaders' perceptions about employers and thus ensuring that workers would back the actions of the union. Furthermore, successful unions calibrated threats they addressed to employers to the production intentions of the employer and to the employer's organizational structure. They also ensured outside support, at least in the form of state intervention. The cases studied in this book are 18 conflict episodes at 10 privatized plants in the Romanian steel industry and Ukraine's civil machine-building sector in the 2000s.
Marguerite W. Dupree
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204008
- eISBN:
- 9780191676079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204008.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter discusses the events that led to the Factory Acts Extension in 1864 and how it affected the Potteries. It also examines the role of manufacturers and pottery-workers, their family ...
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This chapter discusses the events that led to the Factory Acts Extension in 1864 and how it affected the Potteries. It also examines the role of manufacturers and pottery-workers, their family relationships, and the consequences of the Act for the industry and employment patterns that were specific for the region.Less
This chapter discusses the events that led to the Factory Acts Extension in 1864 and how it affected the Potteries. It also examines the role of manufacturers and pottery-workers, their family relationships, and the consequences of the Act for the industry and employment patterns that were specific for the region.
Marguerite W. Dupree
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204008
- eISBN:
- 9780191676079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204008.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter discusses the impact of the Extended Factory Acts on the families living in the Potteries. It begins by looking at the implementation of the Factory Acts in the Potteries during 1865 and ...
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This chapter discusses the impact of the Extended Factory Acts on the families living in the Potteries. It begins by looking at the implementation of the Factory Acts in the Potteries during 1865 and 1866, before moving on to its effects on wages, education, machinery, and social control and moral reform, among other things. It shows that although its effects were mediated via the state of trade, the extension of the Factory Acts to the pottery industry affected those who were employed and at what wages and ages.Less
This chapter discusses the impact of the Extended Factory Acts on the families living in the Potteries. It begins by looking at the implementation of the Factory Acts in the Potteries during 1865 and 1866, before moving on to its effects on wages, education, machinery, and social control and moral reform, among other things. It shows that although its effects were mediated via the state of trade, the extension of the Factory Acts to the pottery industry affected those who were employed and at what wages and ages.
Mary McAuley
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198219828
- eISBN:
- 9780191678387
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198219828.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Partly as a consequence of differing conceptions, partly for historic and institutional reasons, the attempt to create a socialist industry produced institutional rivals. This chapter begins by ...
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Partly as a consequence of differing conceptions, partly for historic and institutional reasons, the attempt to create a socialist industry produced institutional rivals. This chapter begins by describing the main actors, as they emerged in the early months after October. The two key contenders for the role of industrial administrators, at that time, were the unions and the factory committees. The latter had developed from within the union movement in 1917 but largely independent of it: they had their own Central Factory-Committee Council, housed in the same building as the Trade Union Council, but quite separate from it. Although both Councils had Bolshevik majorities by the autumn, they did not share a common strategy on the organization of industry.Less
Partly as a consequence of differing conceptions, partly for historic and institutional reasons, the attempt to create a socialist industry produced institutional rivals. This chapter begins by describing the main actors, as they emerged in the early months after October. The two key contenders for the role of industrial administrators, at that time, were the unions and the factory committees. The latter had developed from within the union movement in 1917 but largely independent of it: they had their own Central Factory-Committee Council, housed in the same building as the Trade Union Council, but quite separate from it. Although both Councils had Bolshevik majorities by the autumn, they did not share a common strategy on the organization of industry.
Kathleen Frederickson
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780823262519
- eISBN:
- 9780823266395
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823262519.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
The coda traces how, by the end of the nineteenth century, British writers accommodated instinct to a liberal modernity in which institutions such as the law had been made part of the environment to ...
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The coda traces how, by the end of the nineteenth century, British writers accommodated instinct to a liberal modernity in which institutions such as the law had been made part of the environment to which an evolutionary concept of instinct responds. It thus examines how instinct was less frequently cast as an asocial faculty, being instead a precondition for producing capable citizens and workers.Less
The coda traces how, by the end of the nineteenth century, British writers accommodated instinct to a liberal modernity in which institutions such as the law had been made part of the environment to which an evolutionary concept of instinct responds. It thus examines how instinct was less frequently cast as an asocial faculty, being instead a precondition for producing capable citizens and workers.
Emily Herring Wilson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469635835
- eISBN:
- 9781469635859
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635835.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Eleanor was spending more and more time away from Val-Kill, and Nancy Cook, especially, was worn out with travels to West Virginia, trying to keep Val-Kill afloat, and coping with all the visitors ...
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Eleanor was spending more and more time away from Val-Kill, and Nancy Cook, especially, was worn out with travels to West Virginia, trying to keep Val-Kill afloat, and coping with all the visitors that FDR and Eleanor to Val-Kill, when they came at all. In 1936 Eleanor announced that she was closing the furniture shop and renovating the building for her own privater residence next door, with an apartment for her secretary and close friend, Malvina "Tommy" Tompson. She Roosevelt picnics at Val-Kill continued, under Nancy's supervision, but the two households here geographically close but drifting irrevocably apart.Less
Eleanor was spending more and more time away from Val-Kill, and Nancy Cook, especially, was worn out with travels to West Virginia, trying to keep Val-Kill afloat, and coping with all the visitors that FDR and Eleanor to Val-Kill, when they came at all. In 1936 Eleanor announced that she was closing the furniture shop and renovating the building for her own privater residence next door, with an apartment for her secretary and close friend, Malvina "Tommy" Tompson. She Roosevelt picnics at Val-Kill continued, under Nancy's supervision, but the two households here geographically close but drifting irrevocably apart.
Eddie Tay
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028740
- eISBN:
- 9789882206762
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028740.003.0010
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter examines how a reworking of cultural memory may provide a way out of the commodification of subjectivities caused by globalization. It analyzes Tash Aw's The Harmony Silk Factory, ...
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This chapter examines how a reworking of cultural memory may provide a way out of the commodification of subjectivities caused by globalization. It analyzes Tash Aw's The Harmony Silk Factory, Vyvyane Loh's Breaking the Tongue, and Lau Siew Mei's Playing Madame Mao. It argues that there is transactional and transnational representation at work in Anglophone work by Singapore and Malaysian-born authors who are based in the two countries.Less
This chapter examines how a reworking of cultural memory may provide a way out of the commodification of subjectivities caused by globalization. It analyzes Tash Aw's The Harmony Silk Factory, Vyvyane Loh's Breaking the Tongue, and Lau Siew Mei's Playing Madame Mao. It argues that there is transactional and transnational representation at work in Anglophone work by Singapore and Malaysian-born authors who are based in the two countries.
Borzu Sabahi
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199601189
- eISBN:
- 9780191729201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199601189.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Company and Commercial Law
This chapter traces the doctrine of reparation in contemporary international law and, in particular, in investment treaty arbitration. It discusses in detail the two significant developments which ...
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This chapter traces the doctrine of reparation in contemporary international law and, in particular, in investment treaty arbitration. It discusses in detail the two significant developments which mark the evolution of the doctrine of reparation during the 20th century: the decision of the Permanent Court of International Justice in the Factory at Chorzów case, and the work of the International Law Commission (ILC) on the law governing the responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts, which culminated in draft articles adopted by the UN General Assembly and recommended to States. It examines the application in investment arbitration of the principles of reparation found in these two sources, and discusses certain fundamental concepts relating to reparation and their pertinence to the particular nature of investment treaty arbitration, particularly the concept of the ‘hypothetical position’.Less
This chapter traces the doctrine of reparation in contemporary international law and, in particular, in investment treaty arbitration. It discusses in detail the two significant developments which mark the evolution of the doctrine of reparation during the 20th century: the decision of the Permanent Court of International Justice in the Factory at Chorzów case, and the work of the International Law Commission (ILC) on the law governing the responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts, which culminated in draft articles adopted by the UN General Assembly and recommended to States. It examines the application in investment arbitration of the principles of reparation found in these two sources, and discusses certain fundamental concepts relating to reparation and their pertinence to the particular nature of investment treaty arbitration, particularly the concept of the ‘hypothetical position’.
Sanja Bahun
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781949979503
- eISBN:
- 9781800341470
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781949979503.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This essay focuses on the ways in which a humble piece of cotton cloth reconfigured the idea of the object as such, into one characterized, dually, by its own making process and by its orientation ...
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This essay focuses on the ways in which a humble piece of cotton cloth reconfigured the idea of the object as such, into one characterized, dually, by its own making process and by its orientation towards the unforeseeable use. The essay engages two distinct modernist artistic utterances that articulated, and bore witness to, this changed relationship towards objects and links them to an effort to rearticulate the affect of home in modernism. My case studies are the series of drawings Paul Klee executed on cheesecloths in the 1920s-30s, and Varvara Stepanova’s textile designs while at work at the First State Textile Factory in 1924. The essay suggests that both artists, their expressive and ideological dissimilarities notwithstanding, perceived in the piece of cotton cloth a “comrade”—that is, an active, animate participant in the creation process, itself a procedure of metabolizing experience which involves the replication of geometric forms and lines of threaded cotton or burlap. Juxtaposing the textile tremors in Klee’s paintings and Stepanova’s designs unearths a hidden axial point in which the modernists’ perception of home, as a physical environment, projective phantasy and constitutive emotion, changed, and our perception of key experiential categories such as objects and object-making transformed.Less
This essay focuses on the ways in which a humble piece of cotton cloth reconfigured the idea of the object as such, into one characterized, dually, by its own making process and by its orientation towards the unforeseeable use. The essay engages two distinct modernist artistic utterances that articulated, and bore witness to, this changed relationship towards objects and links them to an effort to rearticulate the affect of home in modernism. My case studies are the series of drawings Paul Klee executed on cheesecloths in the 1920s-30s, and Varvara Stepanova’s textile designs while at work at the First State Textile Factory in 1924. The essay suggests that both artists, their expressive and ideological dissimilarities notwithstanding, perceived in the piece of cotton cloth a “comrade”—that is, an active, animate participant in the creation process, itself a procedure of metabolizing experience which involves the replication of geometric forms and lines of threaded cotton or burlap. Juxtaposing the textile tremors in Klee’s paintings and Stepanova’s designs unearths a hidden axial point in which the modernists’ perception of home, as a physical environment, projective phantasy and constitutive emotion, changed, and our perception of key experiential categories such as objects and object-making transformed.
Tamar Barzel
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520271036
- eISBN:
- 9780520951358
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520271036.003.0009
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter focuses on the so-called downtown scene—a phrase coined by critics to describe a collaborative network of composer-improvisers that developed in and around Manhattan's Lower East Side in ...
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This chapter focuses on the so-called downtown scene—a phrase coined by critics to describe a collaborative network of composer-improvisers that developed in and around Manhattan's Lower East Side in the 1980s and 1990s. Embracing an aesthetic of genre mixing and syntactical boundary pushing, downtown musicians—including Anthony Coleman, John Zorn, Don Byron, Shelley Hirsch, and Marty Ehrlich—drew freely on modern jazz, free jazz, rock, punk, and twentieth-century experimentalism from the European concert tradition. This chapter proposes that the scene—which was largely supported by the Knitting Factory, a downtown club—can be understood best through its role in furthering the discourse of composition-improvisation.Less
This chapter focuses on the so-called downtown scene—a phrase coined by critics to describe a collaborative network of composer-improvisers that developed in and around Manhattan's Lower East Side in the 1980s and 1990s. Embracing an aesthetic of genre mixing and syntactical boundary pushing, downtown musicians—including Anthony Coleman, John Zorn, Don Byron, Shelley Hirsch, and Marty Ehrlich—drew freely on modern jazz, free jazz, rock, punk, and twentieth-century experimentalism from the European concert tradition. This chapter proposes that the scene—which was largely supported by the Knitting Factory, a downtown club—can be understood best through its role in furthering the discourse of composition-improvisation.
Brian Marren
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719095764
- eISBN:
- 9781526109668
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719095764.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
Chapter 3 highlights the first of six case studies, each of which is covered individually in the following six chapters. These pages explore how an organised and determined local working-class came ...
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Chapter 3 highlights the first of six case studies, each of which is covered individually in the following six chapters. These pages explore how an organised and determined local working-class came together and acted in combination in order to mount campaigns of resistance to mounting global economic pressures and stern government mandates. This chapter begins with a summation of the first major industrial closure to affect Liverpool in large numbers. The demise of the large Standard-Triumph motor-car assembly plant in Speke sets the scene for all that follows. It is proffered that in many ways this incident illuminated the difficulties workers elsewhere in Britain encountered when confronted with plant closures. In particular, generational divisions and individual self-interest often determined whether workers would choose to accept or resist industrial closure. The Standard-Triumph factory closure provides a case study of the conflict between the enticement of redundancy payments against solidarity and organised resistance. This particular factory closure is depicted as the principle sign-post signalling the bleak future in store for Liverpool and its working-class inhabitants. It also served as the training ground for a core group of trade unionists who used this experience as a springboard for future labour activism and political campaigning.Less
Chapter 3 highlights the first of six case studies, each of which is covered individually in the following six chapters. These pages explore how an organised and determined local working-class came together and acted in combination in order to mount campaigns of resistance to mounting global economic pressures and stern government mandates. This chapter begins with a summation of the first major industrial closure to affect Liverpool in large numbers. The demise of the large Standard-Triumph motor-car assembly plant in Speke sets the scene for all that follows. It is proffered that in many ways this incident illuminated the difficulties workers elsewhere in Britain encountered when confronted with plant closures. In particular, generational divisions and individual self-interest often determined whether workers would choose to accept or resist industrial closure. The Standard-Triumph factory closure provides a case study of the conflict between the enticement of redundancy payments against solidarity and organised resistance. This particular factory closure is depicted as the principle sign-post signalling the bleak future in store for Liverpool and its working-class inhabitants. It also served as the training ground for a core group of trade unionists who used this experience as a springboard for future labour activism and political campaigning.
Elyssa Faison
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520252967
- eISBN:
- 9780520934184
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520252967.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter looks at women's wage work in early industrial Japan and the paternalist practices developed as a central part of management strategies. During the Meiji period (1868–1912), the textile ...
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This chapter looks at women's wage work in early industrial Japan and the paternalist practices developed as a central part of management strategies. During the Meiji period (1868–1912), the textile industry emerged as a major source of foreign capital for the new state and a significant source of employment for Japan's first generation of women to engage extensively in wage labor. This chapter charts the history of the Factory Law and the development of paternalism in some of the largest textile companies. It elucidates the connections between an emerging national ideal of “good wife, wise mother,” which was grounded in middle-class assumptions of education and leisure, and the growing demand for young women and girls to leave their rural families for work in the cotton-spinning and silk-reeling factories of the new industrial economy.Less
This chapter looks at women's wage work in early industrial Japan and the paternalist practices developed as a central part of management strategies. During the Meiji period (1868–1912), the textile industry emerged as a major source of foreign capital for the new state and a significant source of employment for Japan's first generation of women to engage extensively in wage labor. This chapter charts the history of the Factory Law and the development of paternalism in some of the largest textile companies. It elucidates the connections between an emerging national ideal of “good wife, wise mother,” which was grounded in middle-class assumptions of education and leisure, and the growing demand for young women and girls to leave their rural families for work in the cotton-spinning and silk-reeling factories of the new industrial economy.
