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This chapter examines psychopathy as a key correlate of serious delinquency and violence. It summarizes the considerable and varied debate on how to best measure psychopathy and compares different measurements of the construct, and which aspects of psychopathy have the best predictive utility. It considers the evidence on whether problems in anxiety and disinhibition are central to psychopathy, and the degree to which psychopathy can be related to the Five Factor Model of Personality. The chapter considers whether the features of psychopathy developed in adults can be applied to younger people, and which developmental model of psychopathy is best for adolescents. It also explores whether development of brain anatomy and chemistry can explain the etiology of psychopathy. It concludes with recommendations on improvements in the measurement of psychopathy.

The Big Five personality traits (or Five-Factor model) are almost never discussed at length in the philosophy literature, even despite the recent heated debates which have arisen about the empirical adequacy of character traits. Yet in the area of personality psychology, it would not be an overstatement to say that the Big Five have come to dominate the field, with thousands of relevant papers appearing in just the past five years. This chapter first briefly reviews some of the claims made in personality psychology about the Big Five trait taxonomy, before turning to the central question of how consistent that taxonomy is with the Mixed Trait approach.

This chapter returns to the concrete conditions required to foster growth based on the ascription of value to green capital, leading eventually to a self-reproducing, fully functional economy. The forces to be set in motion will emerge neither from spontaneous market action nor from deliberate action by planners. Instead their guiding principles will be the large-scale deployment of environmental pricing, reorientation of public support toward research and development, new choices in terms of infrastructure, and the introduction of greater intelligence into networks, as well as training, the organization of professional retraining, and social acceptance, without which a collective transition project cannot be constructed.

This chapter takes up the debate concerning whether a person is the possessor of an abiding character across time and circumstance or is a perennially changeable individual where the circumstances of a situation determine a person’s thought and action. Jane Austen’s Emma is explored in connection with this debate, descending into fine details to cast light on the issue. Where hostile critics have attributed Emma’s moral infractions to evident character defects, her enthusiasts have tended to ignore the question of why she behaves inappropriately. This chapter shows that the distinct perspectives that emerge from the current character–situation debate in fact enable us to re-examine Austen’s intricate delineation of her heroine’s conduct. Rather than being fundamentally interested in generic virtues or vices, this is a novel that invites us to identify the variety of different factors—cognitive, motivational, dispositional, and situation-specific—which together contribute to the understanding of character.