Reza Shadmehr and Sandro Mussa-Ivaldi
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262016964
- eISBN:
- 9780262301282
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262016964.003.0010
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
This chapter presents a discussion on structural learning and identification of the structure of the learner. It reveals that the prior exposure to a rotation perturbation, despite being random and ...
More
This chapter presents a discussion on structural learning and identification of the structure of the learner. It reveals that the prior exposure to a rotation perturbation, despite being random and unlearnable, seemed to significantly enhance learning rates for a member of the same perturbation class. It shows that the problem of structural learning is that of describing a dynamical system that in principle can accurately predict the sensory consequences of motor commands, that is, learn the structure of a forward model. This chapter suggests that Expectation Maximization is an alternate approach to estimating the structure of a linear dynamical system.Less
This chapter presents a discussion on structural learning and identification of the structure of the learner. It reveals that the prior exposure to a rotation perturbation, despite being random and unlearnable, seemed to significantly enhance learning rates for a member of the same perturbation class. It shows that the problem of structural learning is that of describing a dynamical system that in principle can accurately predict the sensory consequences of motor commands, that is, learn the structure of a forward model. This chapter suggests that Expectation Maximization is an alternate approach to estimating the structure of a linear dynamical system.
Áki J. Láruson and Floyd A. Reed
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- March 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780198829539
- eISBN:
- 9780191868092
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198829539.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Biomathematics / Statistics and Data Analysis / Complexity Studies, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
In this chapter statistical tests are performed in R, including the χ2 tests; testing can be started if allele and genotype frequency data match the reader’s expectations. Writing and running ...
More
In this chapter statistical tests are performed in R, including the χ2 tests; testing can be started if allele and genotype frequency data match the reader’s expectations. Writing and running algorithms are introduced as functions, specifically working through building an Expectation Maximization function. The function is then used to estimate and update the reader’s inferences of allele frequencies from observed and expected genotypes.Less
In this chapter statistical tests are performed in R, including the χ2 tests; testing can be started if allele and genotype frequency data match the reader’s expectations. Writing and running algorithms are introduced as functions, specifically working through building an Expectation Maximization function. The function is then used to estimate and update the reader’s inferences of allele frequencies from observed and expected genotypes.
