H. A. Hellyer
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748639472
- eISBN:
- 9780748671342
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748639472.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
The interchange between Muslims and Europe has a long and complicated history, dating back to before the idea of ‘Europe’ was born, and the earliest years of Islam. There has been a Muslim presence ...
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The interchange between Muslims and Europe has a long and complicated history, dating back to before the idea of ‘Europe’ was born, and the earliest years of Islam. There has been a Muslim presence on the European continent before, but never has it been so significant, particularly in Western Europe. With more Muslims in Europe than in many countries of the Muslim world, they have found themselves in the position of challenging what it means to be a European in a secular society of the twenty-first century. At the same time, the European context has caused many Muslims to re-think what is essential to them in religious terms in their new reality. This work analyses the prospects for a European future where pluralism is accepted within unified societies, and the presence of a Muslim community that is of Europe, not simply in it.Less
The interchange between Muslims and Europe has a long and complicated history, dating back to before the idea of ‘Europe’ was born, and the earliest years of Islam. There has been a Muslim presence on the European continent before, but never has it been so significant, particularly in Western Europe. With more Muslims in Europe than in many countries of the Muslim world, they have found themselves in the position of challenging what it means to be a European in a secular society of the twenty-first century. At the same time, the European context has caused many Muslims to re-think what is essential to them in religious terms in their new reality. This work analyses the prospects for a European future where pluralism is accepted within unified societies, and the presence of a Muslim community that is of Europe, not simply in it.
Dov-Ber Kerler
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198151661
- eISBN:
- 9780191672798
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198151661.003.0029
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
In the late eighteenth century, the European continent was recovering from the effects brought about by Khmelnitsky's massacres. Literature was not spared from this violence. Books and publications ...
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In the late eighteenth century, the European continent was recovering from the effects brought about by Khmelnitsky's massacres. Literature was not spared from this violence. Books and publications were destroyed, and writing was forced to come to a halt. Only a few books were left to serve as material evidence and as a reference of the time before the start of the nineteenth century. The work featured in this chapter is said to be one of the earliest to have an Eastern Yiddish form. This, as would be expected, is about the time of the massacres and the strife and oppression they caused. The publication had no indication of any date or time when it was written, but its structure spoke for the time it represented due to its structure and form.Less
In the late eighteenth century, the European continent was recovering from the effects brought about by Khmelnitsky's massacres. Literature was not spared from this violence. Books and publications were destroyed, and writing was forced to come to a halt. Only a few books were left to serve as material evidence and as a reference of the time before the start of the nineteenth century. The work featured in this chapter is said to be one of the earliest to have an Eastern Yiddish form. This, as would be expected, is about the time of the massacres and the strife and oppression they caused. The publication had no indication of any date or time when it was written, but its structure spoke for the time it represented due to its structure and form.
Christian Leitz
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206453
- eISBN:
- 9780191677137
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206453.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Economic History
This section concludes in stating a recent study on the ideological origins of Nazi imperialism by Woodruff Smith. It notes that in Smith's final analysis of Hitler's ‘imperialism’, ‘the disparity ...
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This section concludes in stating a recent study on the ideological origins of Nazi imperialism by Woodruff Smith. It notes that in Smith's final analysis of Hitler's ‘imperialism’, ‘the disparity between Lebensraum and Weltpolitik was not eliminated by Hitler’. It continues that Smith's argument on Hitler's imperialist ideology also incorporated a substantial number of economic imperialist ideas and that Hitler believed that one of the aspects of his overall policy included the establishment of a form of German economic hegemony over a vaguely defined but large segment of the European continent.Less
This section concludes in stating a recent study on the ideological origins of Nazi imperialism by Woodruff Smith. It notes that in Smith's final analysis of Hitler's ‘imperialism’, ‘the disparity between Lebensraum and Weltpolitik was not eliminated by Hitler’. It continues that Smith's argument on Hitler's imperialist ideology also incorporated a substantial number of economic imperialist ideas and that Hitler believed that one of the aspects of his overall policy included the establishment of a form of German economic hegemony over a vaguely defined but large segment of the European continent.
Benjamin Nathans
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520208308
- eISBN:
- 9780520931299
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520208308.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter investigates Russia's regime of legal disabilities specifically aimed at its Jewish population when Jewish emancipation had swept from west to east across nearly the entire European ...
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This chapter investigates Russia's regime of legal disabilities specifically aimed at its Jewish population when Jewish emancipation had swept from west to east across nearly the entire European continent. It observes that the Russian Jews in the decades before 1917, who were themselves victims of official discrimination, emphasized the distinctiveness of tsarist policy toward the Jews as compared to the treatment of the empire's other ethnic and religious groups, citing specifically anti-Jewish motives among ruling elites as the prime cause. It notes that recent studies treat the absence of civil and political rights for Jews within the context of a general absence of legal rights in Russia, and argue that Jewish emancipation as enacted in Europe across the long nineteenth century would have made little sense in a society lacking the principle of equality before the law, without denying the presence in the tsarist government of strongly negative attitudes toward Jews.Less
This chapter investigates Russia's regime of legal disabilities specifically aimed at its Jewish population when Jewish emancipation had swept from west to east across nearly the entire European continent. It observes that the Russian Jews in the decades before 1917, who were themselves victims of official discrimination, emphasized the distinctiveness of tsarist policy toward the Jews as compared to the treatment of the empire's other ethnic and religious groups, citing specifically anti-Jewish motives among ruling elites as the prime cause. It notes that recent studies treat the absence of civil and political rights for Jews within the context of a general absence of legal rights in Russia, and argue that Jewish emancipation as enacted in Europe across the long nineteenth century would have made little sense in a society lacking the principle of equality before the law, without denying the presence in the tsarist government of strongly negative attitudes toward Jews.
Michal Bobek
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199680382
- eISBN:
- 9780191760280
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680382.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Comparative Law
The chapter provides a historical and contextual introduction to the debates on the use of comparative law by courts. It critically reviews the two key assumptions of the current debates: namely that ...
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The chapter provides a historical and contextual introduction to the debates on the use of comparative law by courts. It critically reviews the two key assumptions of the current debates: namely that the use of comparative inspiration by courts is a novelty and that its frequency is rising. These assertions are put into a broader context of the evolution of comparative law and legal theory over the last few decades. It is suggested that the use of foreign inspiration for solving domestic cases is certainly not new; what has changed are the debates about this phenomenon. The reasons for the enhanced scholarly attention are traced back to the changes in legal scholarship itself.Less
The chapter provides a historical and contextual introduction to the debates on the use of comparative law by courts. It critically reviews the two key assumptions of the current debates: namely that the use of comparative inspiration by courts is a novelty and that its frequency is rising. These assertions are put into a broader context of the evolution of comparative law and legal theory over the last few decades. It is suggested that the use of foreign inspiration for solving domestic cases is certainly not new; what has changed are the debates about this phenomenon. The reasons for the enhanced scholarly attention are traced back to the changes in legal scholarship itself.
Axel Börsch-Supan and Alexander Ludwig
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226754727
- eISBN:
- 9780226754758
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226754758.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics
This chapter looks at the macroeconomic implications of population aging in Europe. Europe was considered for this study because fertility rates are lower in Europe than in America, mortality rates ...
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This chapter looks at the macroeconomic implications of population aging in Europe. Europe was considered for this study because fertility rates are lower in Europe than in America, mortality rates are slightly lower, and therefore the European age structure is similar to the future American demographic composition. This chapter examines a number of possible reforms and the likely behavioral responses to them. Examples of behavioral responses are that married men may work less if child care is provided to encourage the labor force participation of mothers. Another example is that the demand for part-time work may increase as mandatory retirement ages are raised. The chapter looks at the impact of labor and pension reforms using a multicountry overlapping generations' general equilibrium model. The chapter concludes that the reforms, if correctly designed and coordinated, can have a very significant impact on future living standards in these three European countries.Less
This chapter looks at the macroeconomic implications of population aging in Europe. Europe was considered for this study because fertility rates are lower in Europe than in America, mortality rates are slightly lower, and therefore the European age structure is similar to the future American demographic composition. This chapter examines a number of possible reforms and the likely behavioral responses to them. Examples of behavioral responses are that married men may work less if child care is provided to encourage the labor force participation of mothers. Another example is that the demand for part-time work may increase as mandatory retirement ages are raised. The chapter looks at the impact of labor and pension reforms using a multicountry overlapping generations' general equilibrium model. The chapter concludes that the reforms, if correctly designed and coordinated, can have a very significant impact on future living standards in these three European countries.
Irving Singer
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262512732
- eISBN:
- 9780262315128
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262512732.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter discusses the concept of courtly love, and how it has become muddled and indistinguishable in recent years. Some scholars have argued that the original thesis is inherently untenable ...
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This chapter discusses the concept of courtly love, and how it has become muddled and indistinguishable in recent years. Some scholars have argued that the original thesis is inherently untenable and, therefore, no longer of any use. The term “courtly love” was introduced in 1883 by a renowned French medievalist, Gaston Paris. He used the words amour courtois to refer to an attitude toward love that first manifested itself in twelfth-century French literature. Under Paris’s influence, scholars began to talk about the concept as a “way of life,” building upon a “system” of courtly love, with its own “code” and “body of rules.” This is problematic because it deals with the social behavior of several countries within Europe, and there is no single code that pervades the entire European continent as a whole.Less
This chapter discusses the concept of courtly love, and how it has become muddled and indistinguishable in recent years. Some scholars have argued that the original thesis is inherently untenable and, therefore, no longer of any use. The term “courtly love” was introduced in 1883 by a renowned French medievalist, Gaston Paris. He used the words amour courtois to refer to an attitude toward love that first manifested itself in twelfth-century French literature. Under Paris’s influence, scholars began to talk about the concept as a “way of life,” building upon a “system” of courtly love, with its own “code” and “body of rules.” This is problematic because it deals with the social behavior of several countries within Europe, and there is no single code that pervades the entire European continent as a whole.
