P. J. Mol Arthur
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262027410
- eISBN:
- 9780262320856
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027410.003.0002
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
In this chapter, Arthur Mol elaborates on informational governance in the environmental domain. He assesses the achievements of transparency to date in enhancing democratic quality and promoting ...
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In this chapter, Arthur Mol elaborates on informational governance in the environmental domain. He assesses the achievements of transparency to date in enhancing democratic quality and promoting environmental effectiveness. As he shows, markets and states jostle to capture transparency arrangements for their own diverse ends, which are not necessarily aligned with assumed normative linkages between transparency, democracy and participation, as well as environmental reform. The chapter argues that transparency in governance has entered a reflexive phase, one in which secondarytransparency i.e. additional layers of transparency provided by information intermediaries, is key to making primary disclosure usable. Through assessing the promise, potential and pitfalls of governance by disclosure in the sustainability realm, Mol’s provocative conclusion is that transparency has “lost its innocence” as an arbiter of democratic and environmental gains.Less
In this chapter, Arthur Mol elaborates on informational governance in the environmental domain. He assesses the achievements of transparency to date in enhancing democratic quality and promoting environmental effectiveness. As he shows, markets and states jostle to capture transparency arrangements for their own diverse ends, which are not necessarily aligned with assumed normative linkages between transparency, democracy and participation, as well as environmental reform. The chapter argues that transparency in governance has entered a reflexive phase, one in which secondarytransparency i.e. additional layers of transparency provided by information intermediaries, is key to making primary disclosure usable. Through assessing the promise, potential and pitfalls of governance by disclosure in the sustainability realm, Mol’s provocative conclusion is that transparency has “lost its innocence” as an arbiter of democratic and environmental gains.
Kemi Fuentes-George
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262034289
- eISBN:
- 9780262333924
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034289.003.0006
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
The conclusion finds that a comparative study of transnational activism underlines the importance of justice claims to global environmental governance. It links debates on international environmental ...
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The conclusion finds that a comparative study of transnational activism underlines the importance of justice claims to global environmental governance. It links debates on international environmental justice with literature on environmental regime effectiveness and neoliberal ecological economics. When networks generated a consensus, socialized with policymakers and invoked norms consonant with local justice, they were more likely to persuade policymakers. Absent one or more of the variables, conservation projects were implemented poorly, or simply rejected by states. Therefore, issues of fairness or justice go to the heart of effective management. They reflect the important normative questions behind biodiversity management, including what biodiversity consists of, what it is being managed for, and for whom it is being conserved.Less
The conclusion finds that a comparative study of transnational activism underlines the importance of justice claims to global environmental governance. It links debates on international environmental justice with literature on environmental regime effectiveness and neoliberal ecological economics. When networks generated a consensus, socialized with policymakers and invoked norms consonant with local justice, they were more likely to persuade policymakers. Absent one or more of the variables, conservation projects were implemented poorly, or simply rejected by states. Therefore, issues of fairness or justice go to the heart of effective management. They reflect the important normative questions behind biodiversity management, including what biodiversity consists of, what it is being managed for, and for whom it is being conserved.
Judith A. Layzer and Alexis Schulman
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262036580
- eISBN:
- 9780262341585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262036580.003.0007
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
Popularized by scientists in the 1970s, adaptive management is an integrative, multi-disciplinary approach to managing landscapes and natural resources. Despite its broad appeal many critics complain ...
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Popularized by scientists in the 1970s, adaptive management is an integrative, multi-disciplinary approach to managing landscapes and natural resources. Despite its broad appeal many critics complain that adaptive management rarely works in practice as prescribed in theory. This chapter traces the history and evolution of the concept and assess its implementation challenges. One reason adaptive management has not always delivered on its promise to make natural resource management more “rational” is that in the real world of policymaking scientists and natural resource managers must contend with advocates that have conflicting values and goals. Scientists and managers also operate in the context of institutions that create particular constraints and opportunities, and are generally inflexible and resistant to change. In recognition of these sociopolitical realities, the focus of much adaptive management practice and scholarship has shifted to governance, particularly collaboration with stakeholders, transformation of the institutions responsible for management, and the process of social learning.Less
Popularized by scientists in the 1970s, adaptive management is an integrative, multi-disciplinary approach to managing landscapes and natural resources. Despite its broad appeal many critics complain that adaptive management rarely works in practice as prescribed in theory. This chapter traces the history and evolution of the concept and assess its implementation challenges. One reason adaptive management has not always delivered on its promise to make natural resource management more “rational” is that in the real world of policymaking scientists and natural resource managers must contend with advocates that have conflicting values and goals. Scientists and managers also operate in the context of institutions that create particular constraints and opportunities, and are generally inflexible and resistant to change. In recognition of these sociopolitical realities, the focus of much adaptive management practice and scholarship has shifted to governance, particularly collaboration with stakeholders, transformation of the institutions responsible for management, and the process of social learning.
Marianne E. Krasny and Keith G. Tidball
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262028653
- eISBN:
- 9780262327169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028653.003.0009
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
Governance refers to how multiple institutions and organizations influence policy. Governance institutions include not only city, county, state, and national governments, but also businesses, ...
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Governance refers to how multiple institutions and organizations influence policy. Governance institutions include not only city, county, state, and national governments, but also businesses, community groups, and small non-profit organizations, as well as large national and international NGOs like The Nature Conservancy, and multilateral organizations like the United Nations. Based on multiple studies conducted over many years on systems as different as policing and forest management, Elinor Ostrom concluded that, relative to top-down government, multiple layers of governance do not produce inefficiencies but rather enable societies to more effectively address complex challenges. This is because the various organizations bring a variety of ideas to the table, which become experiments that can lead to better solutions. Community organizations conducting civic ecology practices are one of many organizations involved in such polycentric governance systems. Additionally, civic ecology practices play a role in the civic environmental movement, which as opposed to the more antagonistic environmental movement that emerged in the 1970s, focuses on collaborations among the non-profit and government sector in environmental management and policy formation.Less
Governance refers to how multiple institutions and organizations influence policy. Governance institutions include not only city, county, state, and national governments, but also businesses, community groups, and small non-profit organizations, as well as large national and international NGOs like The Nature Conservancy, and multilateral organizations like the United Nations. Based on multiple studies conducted over many years on systems as different as policing and forest management, Elinor Ostrom concluded that, relative to top-down government, multiple layers of governance do not produce inefficiencies but rather enable societies to more effectively address complex challenges. This is because the various organizations bring a variety of ideas to the table, which become experiments that can lead to better solutions. Community organizations conducting civic ecology practices are one of many organizations involved in such polycentric governance systems. Additionally, civic ecology practices play a role in the civic environmental movement, which as opposed to the more antagonistic environmental movement that emerged in the 1970s, focuses on collaborations among the non-profit and government sector in environmental management and policy formation.
Marianne E. Krasny and Keith G. Tidball
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262028653
- eISBN:
- 9780262327169
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028653.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
In communities across the country and around the world, people are coming together to rebuild and restore local environments that have been affected by crisis, disinvestment, or disaster. In New ...
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In communities across the country and around the world, people are coming together to rebuild and restore local environments that have been affected by crisis, disinvestment, or disaster. In New Orleans after Katrina, in New York after Sandy, in Soweto after apartheid, and in any number of postindustrial, depopulated cities, people work together to restore nature, renew communities, and heal themselves. In Civic Ecology, Marianne Krasny and Keith Tidball offer stories of this emerging grassroots environmental stewardship, along with an interdisciplinary framework for understanding and studying it as a growing international phenomenon. Krasny and Tidball draw on research in social capital and collective efficacy, ecosystem services, social learning, governance, and social-ecological systems, and other findings in the social and ecological sciences to investigate how people, practices, and communities interact. Along the way, they chronicle local environmental stewards who have undertaken such tasks as beautifying blocks in the Bronx, clearing trash from the Iranian countryside, and working with traumatized veterans to conserve nature and recreate community. Krasny and Tidball argue that humans’ innate love of nature and attachment to place compels them to restore nature and places that are threatened, destroyed, or lost. At the same time, they report, nature and community exert a healing and restorative power on their stewards.Less
In communities across the country and around the world, people are coming together to rebuild and restore local environments that have been affected by crisis, disinvestment, or disaster. In New Orleans after Katrina, in New York after Sandy, in Soweto after apartheid, and in any number of postindustrial, depopulated cities, people work together to restore nature, renew communities, and heal themselves. In Civic Ecology, Marianne Krasny and Keith Tidball offer stories of this emerging grassroots environmental stewardship, along with an interdisciplinary framework for understanding and studying it as a growing international phenomenon. Krasny and Tidball draw on research in social capital and collective efficacy, ecosystem services, social learning, governance, and social-ecological systems, and other findings in the social and ecological sciences to investigate how people, practices, and communities interact. Along the way, they chronicle local environmental stewards who have undertaken such tasks as beautifying blocks in the Bronx, clearing trash from the Iranian countryside, and working with traumatized veterans to conserve nature and recreate community. Krasny and Tidball argue that humans’ innate love of nature and attachment to place compels them to restore nature and places that are threatened, destroyed, or lost. At the same time, they report, nature and community exert a healing and restorative power on their stewards.
Jamie Lorimer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816681075
- eISBN:
- 9781452950631
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681075.001.0001
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
Elephants rarely breed in captivity and are not considered domesticated, yet they interact with people regularly and adapt to various environments. Too social and sagacious to be objects, too strange ...
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Elephants rarely breed in captivity and are not considered domesticated, yet they interact with people regularly and adapt to various environments. Too social and sagacious to be objects, too strange to be human, too captive to truly be wild, but too wild to be domesticated—where do elephants fall in our understanding of nature? In Wildlife in the Anthropocene, Jamie Lorimer argues that the idea of nature as a pure and timeless place characterized by the absence of humans has come to an end. But life goes on. Wildlife inhabits everywhere and is on the move; Lorimer proposes the concept of wildlife as a replacement for nature. Offering a thorough appraisal of the Anthropocene—an era in which human actions affect and influence all life and all systems on our planet—Lorimer unpacks its implications for changing definitions of nature and the politics of wildlife conservation. Wildlife in the Anthropocene examines rewilding, the impacts of wildlife films, human relationships with charismatic species, and urban wildlife. Analyzing scientific papers, policy documents, and popular media, as well as a decade of fieldwork, Lorimer explores the new interconnections between science, politics, and neoliberal capitalism that the Anthropocene demands of wildlife conservation. Imagining conservation in a world where humans are geological actors entangled within and responsible for powerful, unstable, and unpredictable planetary forces, this work nurtures a future environmentalism that is more hopeful and democratic.Less
Elephants rarely breed in captivity and are not considered domesticated, yet they interact with people regularly and adapt to various environments. Too social and sagacious to be objects, too strange to be human, too captive to truly be wild, but too wild to be domesticated—where do elephants fall in our understanding of nature? In Wildlife in the Anthropocene, Jamie Lorimer argues that the idea of nature as a pure and timeless place characterized by the absence of humans has come to an end. But life goes on. Wildlife inhabits everywhere and is on the move; Lorimer proposes the concept of wildlife as a replacement for nature. Offering a thorough appraisal of the Anthropocene—an era in which human actions affect and influence all life and all systems on our planet—Lorimer unpacks its implications for changing definitions of nature and the politics of wildlife conservation. Wildlife in the Anthropocene examines rewilding, the impacts of wildlife films, human relationships with charismatic species, and urban wildlife. Analyzing scientific papers, policy documents, and popular media, as well as a decade of fieldwork, Lorimer explores the new interconnections between science, politics, and neoliberal capitalism that the Anthropocene demands of wildlife conservation. Imagining conservation in a world where humans are geological actors entangled within and responsible for powerful, unstable, and unpredictable planetary forces, this work nurtures a future environmentalism that is more hopeful and democratic.
Jamie Lorimer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816681075
- eISBN:
- 9781452950631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681075.003.0010
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
The conclusion summarizes the argument developed in the book to synthesize an approach to conservation after the Anthropocene. It then reflects on three significant challenges that face the model ...
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The conclusion summarizes the argument developed in the book to synthesize an approach to conservation after the Anthropocene. It then reflects on three significant challenges that face the model developed in the book.Less
The conclusion summarizes the argument developed in the book to synthesize an approach to conservation after the Anthropocene. It then reflects on three significant challenges that face the model developed in the book.
Jamie Lorimer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816681075
- eISBN:
- 9781452950631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681075.003.0001
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
The introduction engages the Anthropocene, identifying the deficiencies in existing accounts before outlining the approach that is developed in the book. It sketches the theoretical framework before ...
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The introduction engages the Anthropocene, identifying the deficiencies in existing accounts before outlining the approach that is developed in the book. It sketches the theoretical framework before detailing the empirical materials through which the argument is developed.Less
The introduction engages the Anthropocene, identifying the deficiencies in existing accounts before outlining the approach that is developed in the book. It sketches the theoretical framework before detailing the empirical materials through which the argument is developed.
Jamie Lorimer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816681075
- eISBN:
- 9781452950631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681075.003.0004
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
Chapter three examines prevalent practices of biodiversity conservation as biopolitics. Focusing on the UK, it explores how biodiversity conservation seeks to secure life through identifying, ...
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Chapter three examines prevalent practices of biodiversity conservation as biopolitics. Focusing on the UK, it explores how biodiversity conservation seeks to secure life through identifying, counting, researching and nurturing populations of species. It presents conservation as oligoptical – framing and performing the world in the shape of partial databases and skillsets.Less
Chapter three examines prevalent practices of biodiversity conservation as biopolitics. Focusing on the UK, it explores how biodiversity conservation seeks to secure life through identifying, counting, researching and nurturing populations of species. It presents conservation as oligoptical – framing and performing the world in the shape of partial databases and skillsets.
Jamie Lorimer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816681075
- eISBN:
- 9781452950631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681075.003.0008
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
Chapter seven develops the concept of nonhuman charisma to explore how encounters between people and wildlife are valued in conservation. It explores the commodification of charisma in captivity and ...
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Chapter seven develops the concept of nonhuman charisma to explore how encounters between people and wildlife are valued in conservation. It explores the commodification of charisma in captivity and in-situ. It examines the deleterious consequences for people and wildlife of contemporary forms of neoliberal conservation focused on charismatic species.Less
Chapter seven develops the concept of nonhuman charisma to explore how encounters between people and wildlife are valued in conservation. It explores the commodification of charisma in captivity and in-situ. It examines the deleterious consequences for people and wildlife of contemporary forms of neoliberal conservation focused on charismatic species.
Jamie Lorimer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816681075
- eISBN:
- 9781452950631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681075.003.0006
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
Chapter five compares conservation as composition with rewilding, an alternative model concerned with ecological processes. Through a critical examination of the use of large herbivores on a polder ...
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Chapter five compares conservation as composition with rewilding, an alternative model concerned with ecological processes. Through a critical examination of the use of large herbivores on a polder landscape in the Netherlands, this chapter presents conservation as comprising wild experiments involving open-ended deliberations with multiple and discordant humans and nonhumans.Less
Chapter five compares conservation as composition with rewilding, an alternative model concerned with ecological processes. Through a critical examination of the use of large herbivores on a polder landscape in the Netherlands, this chapter presents conservation as comprising wild experiments involving open-ended deliberations with multiple and discordant humans and nonhumans.
Jamie Lorimer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816681075
- eISBN:
- 9781452950631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681075.003.0009
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
Chapter eight explores questions of space. It traces the binary understanding of conservation territories that informs Nature conservation. Focusing on urban wildlife and recent enthusiasms for ...
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Chapter eight explores questions of space. It traces the binary understanding of conservation territories that informs Nature conservation. Focusing on urban wildlife and recent enthusiasms for ecological connectivity it examines the potential of other topologies for wildlife including network and fluid geographies that appreciate the mobilities of nonhumans themselves.Less
Chapter eight explores questions of space. It traces the binary understanding of conservation territories that informs Nature conservation. Focusing on urban wildlife and recent enthusiasms for ecological connectivity it examines the potential of other topologies for wildlife including network and fluid geographies that appreciate the mobilities of nonhumans themselves.
Jamie Lorimer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816681075
- eISBN:
- 9781452950631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681075.003.0005
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
Chapter four examines a common mode of conservation biopolitics concerned with saving species from political and ecological change – or conservation as composition. It focuses on the conservation of ...
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Chapter four examines a common mode of conservation biopolitics concerned with saving species from political and ecological change – or conservation as composition. It focuses on the conservation of corncrakes and crofters in the Scottish Hebrides. It traces the scientific, political and economic practices through which their fate has been secured, before identifying some of the problems with this static model.Less
Chapter four examines a common mode of conservation biopolitics concerned with saving species from political and ecological change – or conservation as composition. It focuses on the conservation of corncrakes and crofters in the Scottish Hebrides. It traces the scientific, political and economic practices through which their fate has been secured, before identifying some of the problems with this static model.
Jamie Lorimer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816681075
- eISBN:
- 9781452950631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681075.003.0002
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
Chapter one develops the concept of wildlife as a replacement for Nature for conservation. It does so through a discussion of the four themes of hybridity, nonhuman agency, immanence and topology. It ...
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Chapter one develops the concept of wildlife as a replacement for Nature for conservation. It does so through a discussion of the four themes of hybridity, nonhuman agency, immanence and topology. It presents wildlife as a multiple, subsuming a number of discordant ontologies. This argument is illustrated with reference to Asian elephants.Less
Chapter one develops the concept of wildlife as a replacement for Nature for conservation. It does so through a discussion of the four themes of hybridity, nonhuman agency, immanence and topology. It presents wildlife as a multiple, subsuming a number of discordant ontologies. This argument is illustrated with reference to Asian elephants.
Jamie Lorimer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816681075
- eISBN:
- 9781452950631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681075.003.0003
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
Chapter two examines how conservationists come to know wildlife. It explore field science as processes of learning to be affected in which embodied, skilled practitioners tune into the world. It ...
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Chapter two examines how conservationists come to know wildlife. It explore field science as processes of learning to be affected in which embodied, skilled practitioners tune into the world. It examines the character and role of nonhuman charisma in shaping the conduct of conservation.Less
Chapter two examines how conservationists come to know wildlife. It explore field science as processes of learning to be affected in which embodied, skilled practitioners tune into the world. It examines the character and role of nonhuman charisma in shaping the conduct of conservation.
Jamie Lorimer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816681075
- eISBN:
- 9781452950631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681075.003.0007
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
Chapter six examines the role of moving imagery in conservation. We live in an age of the screen in which media play vital roles in framing and governing human and nonhuman life. Focusing on ...
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Chapter six examines the role of moving imagery in conservation. We live in an age of the screen in which media play vital roles in framing and governing human and nonhuman life. Focusing on elephants, this chapter critically examines four prevalent affective logics in the genres that characterize wildlife media.Less
Chapter six examines the role of moving imagery in conservation. We live in an age of the screen in which media play vital roles in framing and governing human and nonhuman life. Focusing on elephants, this chapter critically examines four prevalent affective logics in the genres that characterize wildlife media.
