Tracey A. Sowerby
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199584635
- eISBN:
- 9780191723162
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199584635.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This study of Morison's diplomatic career not only challenges previous work on the Tudor diplomatic corps but gives diplomacy a much‐needed cultural perspective. Morison had over a decade of ...
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This study of Morison's diplomatic career not only challenges previous work on the Tudor diplomatic corps but gives diplomacy a much‐needed cultural perspective. Morison had over a decade of experience of diplomatic tasks before he departed on his first embassy. He served as Edward VI's ambassador to the court of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1550–3 during a transitional period in which diplomats representing Protestant powers at Catholic courts had to learn the boundaries within which they could defend their religion. Morison's religious convictions both undermined his political effectiveness and determined the recommendations he made on English foreign policy. During his embassy, Morison's activities were informed by his humanism: he oversaw a scholarly household and established contact with and patronized a range of continental reformers and scholars.Less
This study of Morison's diplomatic career not only challenges previous work on the Tudor diplomatic corps but gives diplomacy a much‐needed cultural perspective. Morison had over a decade of experience of diplomatic tasks before he departed on his first embassy. He served as Edward VI's ambassador to the court of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1550–3 during a transitional period in which diplomats representing Protestant powers at Catholic courts had to learn the boundaries within which they could defend their religion. Morison's religious convictions both undermined his political effectiveness and determined the recommendations he made on English foreign policy. During his embassy, Morison's activities were informed by his humanism: he oversaw a scholarly household and established contact with and patronized a range of continental reformers and scholars.
David Loades
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201939
- eISBN:
- 9780191675089
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201939.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This book reconstructs the personal and political life of John Dudley (1504–1553), Viscount Lisle, Earl of Warwick, and Duke of Northumberland. For three and a half years (1549–1553) as Lord ...
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This book reconstructs the personal and political life of John Dudley (1504–1553), Viscount Lisle, Earl of Warwick, and Duke of Northumberland. For three and a half years (1549–1553) as Lord President of the Council, he was leader of Edward VI's minority government. His involvement in the notorious attempt to frustrate Mary's claim to the throne in favour of his daughter-in-law, Jane Grey, contributed substantially to the evil reputation which clung to him both at the time and since. He is conventionally portrayed as an ambitious, unscrupulous man, who embraced and renounced the Reformation to suit his own purposes. The fact that his father was Henry VII's detested financial agent, Edmund Dudley, and one of his sons the colourful Earl of Leicester, has helped to confirm his unprincipled image. Now his reputation is being reassessed, but historians have concentrated almost entirely on his years in power — the last four years of his life. Drawing upon new research, this book looks at John Dudley's whole career, and by considering the lives of his father, Edmund, and his sons, places him in a longer historical perspective. A new and important interpretation of the Tudor service nobility emerges in which John Dudley is seen not merely as an overmighty subject and kingmaker, but first and foremost as a servant of the English Crown.Less
This book reconstructs the personal and political life of John Dudley (1504–1553), Viscount Lisle, Earl of Warwick, and Duke of Northumberland. For three and a half years (1549–1553) as Lord President of the Council, he was leader of Edward VI's minority government. His involvement in the notorious attempt to frustrate Mary's claim to the throne in favour of his daughter-in-law, Jane Grey, contributed substantially to the evil reputation which clung to him both at the time and since. He is conventionally portrayed as an ambitious, unscrupulous man, who embraced and renounced the Reformation to suit his own purposes. The fact that his father was Henry VII's detested financial agent, Edmund Dudley, and one of his sons the colourful Earl of Leicester, has helped to confirm his unprincipled image. Now his reputation is being reassessed, but historians have concentrated almost entirely on his years in power — the last four years of his life. Drawing upon new research, this book looks at John Dudley's whole career, and by considering the lives of his father, Edmund, and his sons, places him in a longer historical perspective. A new and important interpretation of the Tudor service nobility emerges in which John Dudley is seen not merely as an overmighty subject and kingmaker, but first and foremost as a servant of the English Crown.
FELICITY HEAL
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198269243
- eISBN:
- 9780191602412
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269242.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The chapter studies the politics of Reformation in England, Scotland, and Ireland between 1530 and 1558. Its narrative of change pays particular attention to issues of jurisdiction across English ...
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The chapter studies the politics of Reformation in England, Scotland, and Ireland between 1530 and 1558. Its narrative of change pays particular attention to issues of jurisdiction across English territories and to the dissolution of the monasteries. The intersection between religious changes in the three kingdoms is treated fully.Less
The chapter studies the politics of Reformation in England, Scotland, and Ireland between 1530 and 1558. Its narrative of change pays particular attention to issues of jurisdiction across English territories and to the dissolution of the monasteries. The intersection between religious changes in the three kingdoms is treated fully.
DAVID LOADES
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201939
- eISBN:
- 9780191675089
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201939.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter details the significant events occurring in 1553 following the death of King Edward VI. By the middle of June it was generally known that the king was dying, and widely rumoured that ...
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This chapter details the significant events occurring in 1553 following the death of King Edward VI. By the middle of June it was generally known that the king was dying, and widely rumoured that there was a plot to deprive Mary of succession. The plan to exclude Mary and Elizabeth in favour of Jane was formulated by Edward only a short time before his death, and with a feverish disregard for advice. Northumberland's decision to implement it once Edward was dead was a gamble based on a complete misjudgement of Mary. He feared imperial intervention, and took steps to frustrate it, but he did not expect resolute action from the princess herself. He had troops but not enough for serious fighting. Once they failed to deter Mary's mobilization, they had failed of their entire purpose.Less
This chapter details the significant events occurring in 1553 following the death of King Edward VI. By the middle of June it was generally known that the king was dying, and widely rumoured that there was a plot to deprive Mary of succession. The plan to exclude Mary and Elizabeth in favour of Jane was formulated by Edward only a short time before his death, and with a feverish disregard for advice. Northumberland's decision to implement it once Edward was dead was a gamble based on a complete misjudgement of Mary. He feared imperial intervention, and took steps to frustrate it, but he did not expect resolute action from the princess herself. He had troops but not enough for serious fighting. Once they failed to deter Mary's mobilization, they had failed of their entire purpose.
S. J. Connolly
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198208167
- eISBN:
- 9780191716546
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208167.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter analyses how Henry VIII and his ministers blundered into a confrontation with the Kildare dynasty, on which they depended for the management of the Irish lordship. The rebellion and ...
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This chapter analyses how Henry VIII and his ministers blundered into a confrontation with the Kildare dynasty, on which they depended for the management of the Irish lordship. The rebellion and destruction of the Kildares left a power vacuum, filled by the new strategy of seeking to integrate the Gaelic Irish lords, formerly considered aliens, into the English social hierarchy — the policy known as surrender and regrant. Meanwhile, Ireland followed England in rejecting the authority of the pope. Under Edward VI, surrender and regrant gave way to a more aggressive policy, while more far reaching changes in doctrine and liturgy — a true Protestant Reformation — encountered strong resistance.Less
This chapter analyses how Henry VIII and his ministers blundered into a confrontation with the Kildare dynasty, on which they depended for the management of the Irish lordship. The rebellion and destruction of the Kildares left a power vacuum, filled by the new strategy of seeking to integrate the Gaelic Irish lords, formerly considered aliens, into the English social hierarchy — the policy known as surrender and regrant. Meanwhile, Ireland followed England in rejecting the authority of the pope. Under Edward VI, surrender and regrant gave way to a more aggressive policy, while more far reaching changes in doctrine and liturgy — a true Protestant Reformation — encountered strong resistance.
Kenneth Fincham and Nicholas Tyacke
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207009
- eISBN:
- 9780191677434
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207009.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Religion
Because of the Reformation during the sixteenth century, parishes of England experienced how symbols of Catholic devotion were torn down and burned. The Catholic mass — including the priests' ...
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Because of the Reformation during the sixteenth century, parishes of England experienced how symbols of Catholic devotion were torn down and burned. The Catholic mass — including the priests' decorated vestments and the altars — was under attack, as was the importance and focus given to the notion of consecrated bread and wine that supposedly represents the body and blood of Christ. Along with idolatry, sacrifice — which could be in the form of thanksgiving, benevolence and liberality to the poor, and the mortifying of one's own body — was also a major target. After Edward VI's reign, the English version of the bible and the pulpit became the new icons during that period. This era also offered the basis for the Elizabethan settlement in the 1560s.Less
Because of the Reformation during the sixteenth century, parishes of England experienced how symbols of Catholic devotion were torn down and burned. The Catholic mass — including the priests' decorated vestments and the altars — was under attack, as was the importance and focus given to the notion of consecrated bread and wine that supposedly represents the body and blood of Christ. Along with idolatry, sacrifice — which could be in the form of thanksgiving, benevolence and liberality to the poor, and the mortifying of one's own body — was also a major target. After Edward VI's reign, the English version of the bible and the pulpit became the new icons during that period. This era also offered the basis for the Elizabethan settlement in the 1560s.
PETER MARSHALL
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198207733
- eISBN:
- 9780191716812
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207733.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter analyses the impact on the commemoration of the dead of the mid-Tudor decades, and the contrasting religious policies of Edward VI and Mary Tudor. It describes the 1547 dissolution of ...
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This chapter analyses the impact on the commemoration of the dead of the mid-Tudor decades, and the contrasting religious policies of Edward VI and Mary Tudor. It describes the 1547 dissolution of the chantries as well as the officially-inspired iconoclasm against tombs and monuments, and assesses popular responses to these developments. It investigates the ways in which the dead were commemorated in the 1549 and 1552 Books of Common Prayer. It then assesses the restoration of traditional doctrine and practice after the accession of Mary. While conceding that Marian theologians were cautious about purgatory, and that some significant shifts in attitudes had taken place at the popular level, the chapter employs testamentary and other sources to dispute that the issues were completely marginalised, or that notions of purgatory and intercessory prayer were a permanent casualty of reform by this stage.Less
This chapter analyses the impact on the commemoration of the dead of the mid-Tudor decades, and the contrasting religious policies of Edward VI and Mary Tudor. It describes the 1547 dissolution of the chantries as well as the officially-inspired iconoclasm against tombs and monuments, and assesses popular responses to these developments. It investigates the ways in which the dead were commemorated in the 1549 and 1552 Books of Common Prayer. It then assesses the restoration of traditional doctrine and practice after the accession of Mary. While conceding that Marian theologians were cautious about purgatory, and that some significant shifts in attitudes had taken place at the popular level, the chapter employs testamentary and other sources to dispute that the issues were completely marginalised, or that notions of purgatory and intercessory prayer were a permanent casualty of reform by this stage.
Christopher Maginn
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199697151
- eISBN:
- 9780191739262
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199697151.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter is constructed around William Cecil's appointment as principal secretary and to the privy council in 1550 during the reign of Edward VI. It offers an account of society and government in ...
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This chapter is constructed around William Cecil's appointment as principal secretary and to the privy council in 1550 during the reign of Edward VI. It offers an account of society and government in Ireland, by then a kingdom, at a time when the implications of the constitutional and political changes introduced late in the reign of Henry VIII were steadily revealing themselves against a backdrop of religious polarization and war in Europe which had altered the traditional relationship between Ireland and England.Less
This chapter is constructed around William Cecil's appointment as principal secretary and to the privy council in 1550 during the reign of Edward VI. It offers an account of society and government in Ireland, by then a kingdom, at a time when the implications of the constitutional and political changes introduced late in the reign of Henry VIII were steadily revealing themselves against a backdrop of religious polarization and war in Europe which had altered the traditional relationship between Ireland and England.
Andrew D. Brown
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205210
- eISBN:
- 9780191676550
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205210.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, History of Religion
There is quite plausible evidence to suggest that, by the early sixteenth century, more lay people were prepared to welcome radical change. Protestant heresy could feed off a long and active ...
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There is quite plausible evidence to suggest that, by the early sixteenth century, more lay people were prepared to welcome radical change. Protestant heresy could feed off a long and active tradition of Lollard dissent. In seeking reasons for the acceptance of change, one must gauge attitudes towards the less destructive aspects of the Reformation. The reforms under Edward VI were intended to establish a godly commonwealth, morally and socially reformed, in which the scriptural Word of God was preached from the pulpit. Acquiescence in these reforms may have depended neither on immediate conversion to Protestantism nor on a full appreciation of all the theological issues at stake. Some forms of pious practice survived the Reformation and some of the concerns of reformers may have reached across any theological divide. This chapter looks at signs for the growing interest in reform in the early sixteenth century and shows that they can be misleading. It then examines the difficult passage of the Reformation and the reasons for its acceptance in the region.Less
There is quite plausible evidence to suggest that, by the early sixteenth century, more lay people were prepared to welcome radical change. Protestant heresy could feed off a long and active tradition of Lollard dissent. In seeking reasons for the acceptance of change, one must gauge attitudes towards the less destructive aspects of the Reformation. The reforms under Edward VI were intended to establish a godly commonwealth, morally and socially reformed, in which the scriptural Word of God was preached from the pulpit. Acquiescence in these reforms may have depended neither on immediate conversion to Protestantism nor on a full appreciation of all the theological issues at stake. Some forms of pious practice survived the Reformation and some of the concerns of reformers may have reached across any theological divide. This chapter looks at signs for the growing interest in reform in the early sixteenth century and shows that they can be misleading. It then examines the difficult passage of the Reformation and the reasons for its acceptance in the region.
Eyal Poleg
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197266717
- eISBN:
- 9780191916045
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266717.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The last chapter explores the Bibles printed in the short minority reign of Edward VI. It reveals a period of intense creativity, when – free from financial or religious constraints – printers ...
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The last chapter explores the Bibles printed in the short minority reign of Edward VI. It reveals a period of intense creativity, when – free from financial or religious constraints – printers experimented with size, layout, and addenda. Different printers produced pocket or lectern Bibles to suit different audiences and uses. With the introduction of the Book of Common Prayer, Bibles began to make, for the first time, liturgical sense. The last Bible of the period reveals the most experimental book of the reign, and serves as a testimony to its abrupt end.Less
The last chapter explores the Bibles printed in the short minority reign of Edward VI. It reveals a period of intense creativity, when – free from financial or religious constraints – printers experimented with size, layout, and addenda. Different printers produced pocket or lectern Bibles to suit different audiences and uses. With the introduction of the Book of Common Prayer, Bibles began to make, for the first time, liturgical sense. The last Bible of the period reveals the most experimental book of the reign, and serves as a testimony to its abrupt end.
Eyal Poleg
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197266717
- eISBN:
- 9780191916045
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266717.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This book examines the production and use of Bibles in late medieval and early modern England. The analysis of hundreds of biblical manuscripts and prints reveals how scribes, printers, readers, and ...
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This book examines the production and use of Bibles in late medieval and early modern England. The analysis of hundreds of biblical manuscripts and prints reveals how scribes, printers, readers, and patrons have reacted to religious and political turmoil. Looking at the modification of biblical manuscripts, or the changes introduced into subsequent printed editions, reveals the ways in which commerce and devotions joined to shape biblical access. The book explores the period from c.1200 to 1553, which saw the advent of moveable-type print as well as the Reformation. The book’s long-view places both technological and religious transformation in a new perspective. The book progresses chronologically, starting with the mass-produced innovative Late Medieval Bible, which has often been linked to the emerging universities and book-trade of the thirteenth century. The second chapter explores Wycliffite Bibles, arguing against their common affiliation with groups outside Church orthodoxy. Rather, it demonstrates how surviving manuscripts are linked to licit worship, performed in smaller monastic houses, by nuns and devout lay women and men. The third chapter explores the creation and use of the first Bible printed in England as evidence for the uncertain course of reform at the end of Henry VIII’s reign. Henry VIII’s Great Bible is studied in the following chapter. Rather than a monument to reform, a careful analysis of its materiality and use reveals it to have been a mostly useless book. The final chapter presents the short reign of Edward VI as a period of rapid transformation in Bible and worship, when some of the innovations introduced more than three hundred years earlier began, for the first time, to make sense.Less
This book examines the production and use of Bibles in late medieval and early modern England. The analysis of hundreds of biblical manuscripts and prints reveals how scribes, printers, readers, and patrons have reacted to religious and political turmoil. Looking at the modification of biblical manuscripts, or the changes introduced into subsequent printed editions, reveals the ways in which commerce and devotions joined to shape biblical access. The book explores the period from c.1200 to 1553, which saw the advent of moveable-type print as well as the Reformation. The book’s long-view places both technological and religious transformation in a new perspective. The book progresses chronologically, starting with the mass-produced innovative Late Medieval Bible, which has often been linked to the emerging universities and book-trade of the thirteenth century. The second chapter explores Wycliffite Bibles, arguing against their common affiliation with groups outside Church orthodoxy. Rather, it demonstrates how surviving manuscripts are linked to licit worship, performed in smaller monastic houses, by nuns and devout lay women and men. The third chapter explores the creation and use of the first Bible printed in England as evidence for the uncertain course of reform at the end of Henry VIII’s reign. Henry VIII’s Great Bible is studied in the following chapter. Rather than a monument to reform, a careful analysis of its materiality and use reveals it to have been a mostly useless book. The final chapter presents the short reign of Edward VI as a period of rapid transformation in Bible and worship, when some of the innovations introduced more than three hundred years earlier began, for the first time, to make sense.
David Cressy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199564804
- eISBN:
- 9780191701917
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199564804.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Cultural History
This chapter presents seditious voices from the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, including attacks on the queen's gender and sexuality, using judicial records and government correspondence. By combining ...
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This chapter presents seditious voices from the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, including attacks on the queen's gender and sexuality, using judicial records and government correspondence. By combining letters, indictments, depositions, and judicial examinations, it retrieves parts of the lost conversations of Elizabethan England that show slanderous and traitorous words. From the very beginning of Queen Elizabeth's reign, some subjects already challenged their monarch's religion. Another recurrent Elizabethan rumour claimed that Edward VI was still alive, so that neither of his half-sisters could be lawful monarchs. Such fantasies encouraged the emergence of pretenders, and fed the circulation of conspiracy theories. Their tenacity in popular discourse reflects a propensity to wishful thinking as well as anxiety about the royal succession. However, no subject drew such lively interest, or such creative speculation, as the queen's sexuality.Less
This chapter presents seditious voices from the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, including attacks on the queen's gender and sexuality, using judicial records and government correspondence. By combining letters, indictments, depositions, and judicial examinations, it retrieves parts of the lost conversations of Elizabethan England that show slanderous and traitorous words. From the very beginning of Queen Elizabeth's reign, some subjects already challenged their monarch's religion. Another recurrent Elizabethan rumour claimed that Edward VI was still alive, so that neither of his half-sisters could be lawful monarchs. Such fantasies encouraged the emergence of pretenders, and fed the circulation of conspiracy theories. Their tenacity in popular discourse reflects a propensity to wishful thinking as well as anxiety about the royal succession. However, no subject drew such lively interest, or such creative speculation, as the queen's sexuality.
Glanmor Williams
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192852779
- eISBN:
- 9780191670558
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192852779.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
A profound transformation of medieval religion came along the changes in government and law by Henry VIII. Even without Henry’s matrimonial complication, the Reformation might well have come anyway. ...
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A profound transformation of medieval religion came along the changes in government and law by Henry VIII. Even without Henry’s matrimonial complication, the Reformation might well have come anyway. Wales was far removed from the epicentres of religious upheavals and controversy. Humanist ideas of improvement began to impinge upon the growing number university graduates from Wales. Henry VIII dissolved Welsh monasteries. Friaries had also disappeared. All of their possessions were dispatched to the royal treasury. Only a small amount of this property came back to the Church or to educational foundations. During the last ten years of his reign the king’s overriding objective was to maintain the unity of his realm. All of his policies had been received in Wales with virtually no overt opposition. The reign of Edward VI saw more reforms in the Church. Mary’s time was devoted to full restoration of Catholicism.Less
A profound transformation of medieval religion came along the changes in government and law by Henry VIII. Even without Henry’s matrimonial complication, the Reformation might well have come anyway. Wales was far removed from the epicentres of religious upheavals and controversy. Humanist ideas of improvement began to impinge upon the growing number university graduates from Wales. Henry VIII dissolved Welsh monasteries. Friaries had also disappeared. All of their possessions were dispatched to the royal treasury. Only a small amount of this property came back to the Church or to educational foundations. During the last ten years of his reign the king’s overriding objective was to maintain the unity of his realm. All of his policies had been received in Wales with virtually no overt opposition. The reign of Edward VI saw more reforms in the Church. Mary’s time was devoted to full restoration of Catholicism.
G. A. Hayes-Mccoy
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199562527
- eISBN:
- 9780191701849
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562527.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter describes Edward VI's reign in Ireland, which began a period of alternation between conciliation and coercion that was to become a settled pattern of her relationship with England for a ...
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This chapter describes Edward VI's reign in Ireland, which began a period of alternation between conciliation and coercion that was to become a settled pattern of her relationship with England for a long time. The Tudor attempt to settle Ireland proceeded uneasily. The state still had hope of attaining its end by conciliation, but the military resources of the deputies were steadily increased, and, although the power of the administration was as yet quite inadequate for a military conquest, the use of force to secure short-term objectives was becoming more and more attractive. The parliament that Sidney summoned in January 1569 was used to promote the policy of conquest. Still representative only of that part of the island where English control or influence were manifest, much of the increase being made up, to match the current domination of the Irish administration by Englishmen, by English newcomers.Less
This chapter describes Edward VI's reign in Ireland, which began a period of alternation between conciliation and coercion that was to become a settled pattern of her relationship with England for a long time. The Tudor attempt to settle Ireland proceeded uneasily. The state still had hope of attaining its end by conciliation, but the military resources of the deputies were steadily increased, and, although the power of the administration was as yet quite inadequate for a military conquest, the use of force to secure short-term objectives was becoming more and more attractive. The parliament that Sidney summoned in January 1569 was used to promote the policy of conquest. Still representative only of that part of the island where English control or influence were manifest, much of the increase being made up, to match the current domination of the Irish administration by Englishmen, by English newcomers.
Peter Marshall
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204480
- eISBN:
- 9780191676307
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204480.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Religion
In this scholarly new study, the author offers a fresh look at the impact of the English Reformation at parish level. The religious changes of Henry VIII and Edward VI had a profound effect upon the ...
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In this scholarly new study, the author offers a fresh look at the impact of the English Reformation at parish level. The religious changes of Henry VIII and Edward VI had a profound effect upon the clergy of the English church, raising questions as to its status, jurisdiction, and proper place in the divine scheme of salvation. This is the first full examination of the cumulative impact of these changes upon the relationship between priests in the parishes and the lay men and women who depended upon them for spiritual nourishment and religious instruction, and who not infrequently found them wanting in these and other respects. In structuring this book, eight paradigms of priestly ‘function’ was identified, eight contexts within which lay perceptions of the priest and his office may have been formed. This chapter provides a perceptive exploration of the role of the Catholic priesthood in the church and in the life of the community. Using a wide range of contemporary sources, the author demonstrates how the practical consequences of the Reformation undermined the fragile modus vivendi that had sustained the late medieval system.Less
In this scholarly new study, the author offers a fresh look at the impact of the English Reformation at parish level. The religious changes of Henry VIII and Edward VI had a profound effect upon the clergy of the English church, raising questions as to its status, jurisdiction, and proper place in the divine scheme of salvation. This is the first full examination of the cumulative impact of these changes upon the relationship between priests in the parishes and the lay men and women who depended upon them for spiritual nourishment and religious instruction, and who not infrequently found them wanting in these and other respects. In structuring this book, eight paradigms of priestly ‘function’ was identified, eight contexts within which lay perceptions of the priest and his office may have been formed. This chapter provides a perceptive exploration of the role of the Catholic priesthood in the church and in the life of the community. Using a wide range of contemporary sources, the author demonstrates how the practical consequences of the Reformation undermined the fragile modus vivendi that had sustained the late medieval system.
Pettegree Andrew
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201960
- eISBN:
- 9780191675102
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201960.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter discusses the French immigrants who created the community in which the Huguenots were able to integrate so painlessly. It describes the inauguration of an official French-speaking ...
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This chapter discusses the French immigrants who created the community in which the Huguenots were able to integrate so painlessly. It describes the inauguration of an official French-speaking community in London, which dates from the foundation of the French church by a royal grant of Edward VI in 1550. The bulk of the church's members came not from France but from the Netherlands. These French-speaking Netherlanders or Walloons made up two-thirds of the church's members, as of the French-speaking community in London as a whole. This chapter also describes the role played by the French community in the turbulent period of the Glorious Revolution and the role and influence it exercised in the late Stuart period.Less
This chapter discusses the French immigrants who created the community in which the Huguenots were able to integrate so painlessly. It describes the inauguration of an official French-speaking community in London, which dates from the foundation of the French church by a royal grant of Edward VI in 1550. The bulk of the church's members came not from France but from the Netherlands. These French-speaking Netherlanders or Walloons made up two-thirds of the church's members, as of the French-speaking community in London as a whole. This chapter also describes the role played by the French community in the turbulent period of the Glorious Revolution and the role and influence it exercised in the late Stuart period.
Ronald Hutton
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205708
- eISBN:
- 9780191676758
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205708.003.0020
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Alfred the Great decreed a cessation of any need to labour in the fortnight on either side of Easter. By the thirteenth century, the period of rest from labour had been curtailed to remove the first ...
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Alfred the Great decreed a cessation of any need to labour in the fortnight on either side of Easter. By the thirteenth century, the period of rest from labour had been curtailed to remove the first part of Holy Week, but extended at the other (festive) end to include the second Monday and Tuesday after Easter. This latter period was known as the Hock or Hoke Days, or Hocktide, the derivation of which is now completely mysterious. This span of leisure remained until the Reformation of Edward VI, one component of which was a severe reduction in what the reformers regarded as an excessive number of holy days. An act of Parliament in 1552 restricted the period of recreation after Easter to the Monday and Tuesday immediately following, and it was generally observed as such until the institution of bank holidays in the late nineteenth century cut it back to the Monday alone.Less
Alfred the Great decreed a cessation of any need to labour in the fortnight on either side of Easter. By the thirteenth century, the period of rest from labour had been curtailed to remove the first part of Holy Week, but extended at the other (festive) end to include the second Monday and Tuesday after Easter. This latter period was known as the Hock or Hoke Days, or Hocktide, the derivation of which is now completely mysterious. This span of leisure remained until the Reformation of Edward VI, one component of which was a severe reduction in what the reformers regarded as an excessive number of holy days. An act of Parliament in 1552 restricted the period of recreation after Easter to the Monday and Tuesday immediately following, and it was generally observed as such until the institution of bank holidays in the late nineteenth century cut it back to the Monday alone.
Robert K. Batchelor
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226080659
- eISBN:
- 9780226080796
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226080796.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
In 1549, the Spanish cosmographer and pilot Sebastian Cabot published London’s first printed world map and began to organize its first joint-stock, the “Cathay Company.” This chapter shows how this ...
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In 1549, the Spanish cosmographer and pilot Sebastian Cabot published London’s first printed world map and began to organize its first joint-stock, the “Cathay Company.” This chapter shows how this was a translation of Iberian cartography, Asian trading routes and older forms of the ‘persona’ distinct from either urban citizen or royal subject. It examines the ways that the increasing importance of the silver cycle created new exchange opportunities generated by Asian trade for London to engage in non-traditional forms of exchange.Less
In 1549, the Spanish cosmographer and pilot Sebastian Cabot published London’s first printed world map and began to organize its first joint-stock, the “Cathay Company.” This chapter shows how this was a translation of Iberian cartography, Asian trading routes and older forms of the ‘persona’ distinct from either urban citizen or royal subject. It examines the ways that the increasing importance of the silver cycle created new exchange opportunities generated by Asian trade for London to engage in non-traditional forms of exchange.
Noah Dauber
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691170305
- eISBN:
- 9781400881017
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691170305.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter focuses on the story of state and commonwealth during the Kett's Rebellion of 1549. For many writers, the rebellion marked a moment of crisis not only for traditional tenurial ...
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This chapter focuses on the story of state and commonwealth during the Kett's Rebellion of 1549. For many writers, the rebellion marked a moment of crisis not only for traditional tenurial arrangements in the countryside, but also for the popular commonwealth policies of Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, who was governing during Edward VI's minority. The chapter examines the attempt to respond to the desire for distinction and the impulse to reform manners within the context of the commonwealth, a classical ideal of society. It argues that the Kett's Rebellion was not a crisis for the overarching goal of commonwealth, which was shared broadly, but for a specific version of commonwealth as championed by John Hales, Martin Bucer, and Somerset himself, in which it was attempted to give the state a larger role through the active use of magistrates, who were imagined as custodians of the divine law.Less
This chapter focuses on the story of state and commonwealth during the Kett's Rebellion of 1549. For many writers, the rebellion marked a moment of crisis not only for traditional tenurial arrangements in the countryside, but also for the popular commonwealth policies of Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, who was governing during Edward VI's minority. The chapter examines the attempt to respond to the desire for distinction and the impulse to reform manners within the context of the commonwealth, a classical ideal of society. It argues that the Kett's Rebellion was not a crisis for the overarching goal of commonwealth, which was shared broadly, but for a specific version of commonwealth as championed by John Hales, Martin Bucer, and Somerset himself, in which it was attempted to give the state a larger role through the active use of magistrates, who were imagined as custodians of the divine law.
Peter Marshall
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780300170627
- eISBN:
- 9780300226331
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300170627.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter examines the economic problems and social unrest that in 1549 erupted into riot and rebellion during Edward VI's reign. Copies of the new Prayer Book were distributed, and the new ...
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This chapter examines the economic problems and social unrest that in 1549 erupted into riot and rebellion during Edward VI's reign. Copies of the new Prayer Book were distributed, and the new liturgy was performed in place of the Latin mass on Whitsunday even in remote rural parishes. One of these was Sampford Courtenay, a small village in mid-Devon. The chapter first describes the events that led to the Sampford Courtenay rebellion, along with similar uprisings in Cornwall and in Norfolk. It then considers the Oxfordshire rebellion, a short but bloody civil war portrayed by many as a conflict between forces of Christ and Antichrist. It also discusses the sequence of events that led to the removal from power of Edward's uncle, Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset. Finally, it analyses the assertion by evangelicals that radicals and Romanists both distorted the Word of God.Less
This chapter examines the economic problems and social unrest that in 1549 erupted into riot and rebellion during Edward VI's reign. Copies of the new Prayer Book were distributed, and the new liturgy was performed in place of the Latin mass on Whitsunday even in remote rural parishes. One of these was Sampford Courtenay, a small village in mid-Devon. The chapter first describes the events that led to the Sampford Courtenay rebellion, along with similar uprisings in Cornwall and in Norfolk. It then considers the Oxfordshire rebellion, a short but bloody civil war portrayed by many as a conflict between forces of Christ and Antichrist. It also discusses the sequence of events that led to the removal from power of Edward's uncle, Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset. Finally, it analyses the assertion by evangelicals that radicals and Romanists both distorted the Word of God.