Seth Cable
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195392265
- eISBN:
- 9780199866526
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195392265.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter begins the argument that the ‘Q-based’ account should be extended to all other wh-fronting languages. It first presents some general typological and learning-theoretic arguments. These ...
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This chapter begins the argument that the ‘Q-based’ account should be extended to all other wh-fronting languages. It first presents some general typological and learning-theoretic arguments. These include (i) the fact that the ‘Q-based’ account is transparently motivated for other wh-fronting languages (such as Edo), and (ii) the ability for the ‘Q-based’ account to provide a unified theory of the ill-formedness of P-stranding and left-branch extractions across languages. Following this, the consequences of the account for the theory of pied-piping structures are examined. In particular, it is shown that extending the ‘Q-based’ account to all other wh-fronting languages entails that the phenomenon dubbed ‘pied-piping’ need not exist at all. Finally, the chapter develops a ‘Q-based’ theory of multiple wh-questions in English and German. It is shown that the analysis predicts the complementary distribution of Superiority Effects and Intervention Effects in these languages. Finally, Intervention Effects in pied-piping structures are examined, and the ‘Q-based’ theory is shown to make an accurate (and surprising) prediction.Less
This chapter begins the argument that the ‘Q-based’ account should be extended to all other wh-fronting languages. It first presents some general typological and learning-theoretic arguments. These include (i) the fact that the ‘Q-based’ account is transparently motivated for other wh-fronting languages (such as Edo), and (ii) the ability for the ‘Q-based’ account to provide a unified theory of the ill-formedness of P-stranding and left-branch extractions across languages. Following this, the consequences of the account for the theory of pied-piping structures are examined. In particular, it is shown that extending the ‘Q-based’ account to all other wh-fronting languages entails that the phenomenon dubbed ‘pied-piping’ need not exist at all. Finally, the chapter develops a ‘Q-based’ theory of multiple wh-questions in English and German. It is shown that the analysis predicts the complementary distribution of Superiority Effects and Intervention Effects in these languages. Finally, Intervention Effects in pied-piping structures are examined, and the ‘Q-based’ theory is shown to make an accurate (and surprising) prediction.
Constantine Nomikos Vaporis
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832056
- eISBN:
- 9780824868789
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832056.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Alternate attendance (sankin kōtai) was one of the central institutions of Edo-period (1603–1868) Japan and one of the most unusual examples of a system of enforced elite mobility in world history. ...
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Alternate attendance (sankin kōtai) was one of the central institutions of Edo-period (1603–1868) Japan and one of the most unusual examples of a system of enforced elite mobility in world history. It required the daimyo to divide their time between their domains and the city of Edo, where they waited upon the Tokugawa shogun. This book argues against the view that cultural change simply emanated from the center (Edo) and reveals more complex patterns of cultural circulation and production taking place between the domains and Edo and among distant parts of Japan. The book begins by detailing the nature of the trip to and from the capital for one particular large-scale domain, Tosa, and its men and goes on to analyze the political and cultural meanings of the processions of the daimyo and their extensive entourages. These movements were replete with symbolic import for the nature of early modern governance. Later chapters are concerned with the physical and social environment experienced by the daimyo's retainers in Edo; they also address the question of who went to Edo and why, the network of physical spaces in which the domainal samurai lived, the issue of staffing, political power, and the daily lives and consumption habits of retainers. Finally, the book examines retainers as carriers of culture, both in a literal and a figurative sense. In doing so, it reveals the significance of travel for retainers and their identity as consumers and producers of culture, thus proposing a multivalent model of cultural change.Less
Alternate attendance (sankin kōtai) was one of the central institutions of Edo-period (1603–1868) Japan and one of the most unusual examples of a system of enforced elite mobility in world history. It required the daimyo to divide their time between their domains and the city of Edo, where they waited upon the Tokugawa shogun. This book argues against the view that cultural change simply emanated from the center (Edo) and reveals more complex patterns of cultural circulation and production taking place between the domains and Edo and among distant parts of Japan. The book begins by detailing the nature of the trip to and from the capital for one particular large-scale domain, Tosa, and its men and goes on to analyze the political and cultural meanings of the processions of the daimyo and their extensive entourages. These movements were replete with symbolic import for the nature of early modern governance. Later chapters are concerned with the physical and social environment experienced by the daimyo's retainers in Edo; they also address the question of who went to Edo and why, the network of physical spaces in which the domainal samurai lived, the issue of staffing, political power, and the daily lives and consumption habits of retainers. Finally, the book examines retainers as carriers of culture, both in a literal and a figurative sense. In doing so, it reveals the significance of travel for retainers and their identity as consumers and producers of culture, thus proposing a multivalent model of cultural change.
W. Puck Brecher
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824836665
- eISBN:
- 9780824871116
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824836665.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Eccentric artists are “the vagaries of humanity” that inhabit the deviant underside of Japanese society: This was the conclusion drawn by pre-World War II commentators on most early modern Japanese ...
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Eccentric artists are “the vagaries of humanity” that inhabit the deviant underside of Japanese society: This was the conclusion drawn by pre-World War II commentators on most early modern Japanese artists. Postwar scholarship, as it searched for evidence of Japan's modern roots, concluded the opposite: The eccentric, mad, and strange are moral exemplars, paragons of virtue, and shining hallmarks of modern consciousness. In recent years, the pendulum has swung again, this time in favor of viewing these oddballs as failures and dropouts without lasting cultural significance. This book corrects the disciplinary (and exclusionary) nature of such interpretations by reconsidering the sudden and dramatic emergence of aesthetic eccentricity during the Edo period (1600–1868). It explains how, throughout the period, eccentricity (ki) and madness (kyō) developed and proliferated as subcultural aesthetics, and it demonstrates that individualism and strangeness carried considerable moral and cultural value. The book concludes that a confluence of intellectual, aesthetic, and social conditions enabled multiple concurrent heterodoxies to crystallize around strangeness as a prominent cultural force in Japanese society. Its coverage of the entire Edo period and engagement with both Chinese and native Japanese traditions reinterprets Edo-period tastes and perceptions of normalcy.Less
Eccentric artists are “the vagaries of humanity” that inhabit the deviant underside of Japanese society: This was the conclusion drawn by pre-World War II commentators on most early modern Japanese artists. Postwar scholarship, as it searched for evidence of Japan's modern roots, concluded the opposite: The eccentric, mad, and strange are moral exemplars, paragons of virtue, and shining hallmarks of modern consciousness. In recent years, the pendulum has swung again, this time in favor of viewing these oddballs as failures and dropouts without lasting cultural significance. This book corrects the disciplinary (and exclusionary) nature of such interpretations by reconsidering the sudden and dramatic emergence of aesthetic eccentricity during the Edo period (1600–1868). It explains how, throughout the period, eccentricity (ki) and madness (kyō) developed and proliferated as subcultural aesthetics, and it demonstrates that individualism and strangeness carried considerable moral and cultural value. The book concludes that a confluence of intellectual, aesthetic, and social conditions enabled multiple concurrent heterodoxies to crystallize around strangeness as a prominent cultural force in Japanese society. Its coverage of the entire Edo period and engagement with both Chinese and native Japanese traditions reinterprets Edo-period tastes and perceptions of normalcy.
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231146586
- eISBN:
- 9780231518338
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231146586.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This book presents eight seminal works from the seventeenth-century Japanese sekkyō and ko-jōruri puppet theaters, many translated into English for the first time. Both poignant and disturbing, they ...
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This book presents eight seminal works from the seventeenth-century Japanese sekkyō and ko-jōruri puppet theaters, many translated into English for the first time. Both poignant and disturbing, they range from stories of cruelty and brutality to tales of love, charity, and outstanding filial devotion, representing the best of early Edo-period literary and performance traditions and acting as important precursors to the Bunraku and Kabuki styles of theater. As works of Buddhist fiction, these texts relate the histories and miracles of particular buddhas, bodhisattvas, and local deities. Many of their protagonists are cultural icons, recognizable through their representation in later works of Japanese drama, fiction, and film. The collection includes such sekkyō “sermon-ballad” classics as Sanshō Dayū, Karukaya, and Oguri, as well as the “old jōruri” plays Goō-no-hime and Amida's Riven Breast. The book provides a critical introduction to these vibrant performance genres, emphasizing the role of seventeenth-century publishing in their spread. It also details six major sekkyō chanters and their playbooks, filling a crucial scholarly gap in early Edo-period theater. More than fifty reproductions of mostly seventeenth-century woodblock illustrations offer rich, visual foundations for the critical introduction and translated tales.Less
This book presents eight seminal works from the seventeenth-century Japanese sekkyō and ko-jōruri puppet theaters, many translated into English for the first time. Both poignant and disturbing, they range from stories of cruelty and brutality to tales of love, charity, and outstanding filial devotion, representing the best of early Edo-period literary and performance traditions and acting as important precursors to the Bunraku and Kabuki styles of theater. As works of Buddhist fiction, these texts relate the histories and miracles of particular buddhas, bodhisattvas, and local deities. Many of their protagonists are cultural icons, recognizable through their representation in later works of Japanese drama, fiction, and film. The collection includes such sekkyō “sermon-ballad” classics as Sanshō Dayū, Karukaya, and Oguri, as well as the “old jōruri” plays Goō-no-hime and Amida's Riven Breast. The book provides a critical introduction to these vibrant performance genres, emphasizing the role of seventeenth-century publishing in their spread. It also details six major sekkyō chanters and their playbooks, filling a crucial scholarly gap in early Edo-period theater. More than fifty reproductions of mostly seventeenth-century woodblock illustrations offer rich, visual foundations for the critical introduction and translated tales.
Wilburn Hansen
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832094
- eISBN:
- 9780824869304
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832094.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
Hirata Atsutane (1776–1843) has been the subject of numerous studies that focus on his importance to nationalist politics and Japanese intellectual and social history. Although well known as an ...
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Hirata Atsutane (1776–1843) has been the subject of numerous studies that focus on his importance to nationalist politics and Japanese intellectual and social history. Although well known as an ideologue of Japanese National Learning (Kokugaku), Atsutane’s significance as a religious thinker has been largely overlooked. This book focuses on Senkyō ibun (1822), which centers on Atsutane’s interviews with a fourteen-year-old Edo street urchin named Kozo Torakichi who claimed to be an apprentice tengu, a supernatural creature of Japanese folklore. It uncovers how Atsutane employed a deliberate method of ethnographic inquiry that worked to manipulate and stimulate Torakichi’s surreal descriptions of everyday existence in a supernatural realm, what Atsutane termed the Other World. The book begins with the hypothesis that Atsutane’s project was an early attempt at ethnographic research. A rough sketch of the milieu of 1820s Edo Japan and Atsutane’s position within it provides the backdrop against which the drama of Senkyō ibun unfolds. There follow chapters explaining the relationship between the implied author and the outside narrator, the Other World that Atsutane helped Torakichi describe, and Atsutane’s nativist discourse concerning Torakichi’s fantastic claims of a newly discovered Shinto holy man called the sanjin. Sanjin were seen as holders of secret and powerful technologies previously thought to have come from or been perfected in the West, such as geography, astronomy, and military technology. Finally, the book addresses Atsutane’s contribution to the construction of modern Japanese identity. The book counters the image of Atsutane as a forerunner of the ultra-nationalism that ultimately was deployed in the service of empire.Less
Hirata Atsutane (1776–1843) has been the subject of numerous studies that focus on his importance to nationalist politics and Japanese intellectual and social history. Although well known as an ideologue of Japanese National Learning (Kokugaku), Atsutane’s significance as a religious thinker has been largely overlooked. This book focuses on Senkyō ibun (1822), which centers on Atsutane’s interviews with a fourteen-year-old Edo street urchin named Kozo Torakichi who claimed to be an apprentice tengu, a supernatural creature of Japanese folklore. It uncovers how Atsutane employed a deliberate method of ethnographic inquiry that worked to manipulate and stimulate Torakichi’s surreal descriptions of everyday existence in a supernatural realm, what Atsutane termed the Other World. The book begins with the hypothesis that Atsutane’s project was an early attempt at ethnographic research. A rough sketch of the milieu of 1820s Edo Japan and Atsutane’s position within it provides the backdrop against which the drama of Senkyō ibun unfolds. There follow chapters explaining the relationship between the implied author and the outside narrator, the Other World that Atsutane helped Torakichi describe, and Atsutane’s nativist discourse concerning Torakichi’s fantastic claims of a newly discovered Shinto holy man called the sanjin. Sanjin were seen as holders of secret and powerful technologies previously thought to have come from or been perfected in the West, such as geography, astronomy, and military technology. Finally, the book addresses Atsutane’s contribution to the construction of modern Japanese identity. The book counters the image of Atsutane as a forerunner of the ultra-nationalism that ultimately was deployed in the service of empire.
Constantine Nomikos Vaporis
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832056
- eISBN:
- 9780824868789
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832056.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This concluding chapter asserts that the Tokugawa state mobilized its elite in an unprecedented fashion, calling on the daimyo to attend the shogun in his capital of Edo every other year, a practice ...
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This concluding chapter asserts that the Tokugawa state mobilized its elite in an unprecedented fashion, calling on the daimyo to attend the shogun in his capital of Edo every other year, a practice that continued for more than two centuries. In addition, the impact of alternate attendance was widespread. It created economies of service that affected the nature of domainal governance, the lifestyle of daimyo retainer bands, their support staffs, and more broadly the vast numbers of people who tilled the soil and whose labor supported the samurai. The requirements of service also transformed the shape of the former regional castle town of Edo and remade it into a national capital, the vestiges of which can still be seen across Tokyo to date, primarily in its parks and public gardens.Less
This concluding chapter asserts that the Tokugawa state mobilized its elite in an unprecedented fashion, calling on the daimyo to attend the shogun in his capital of Edo every other year, a practice that continued for more than two centuries. In addition, the impact of alternate attendance was widespread. It created economies of service that affected the nature of domainal governance, the lifestyle of daimyo retainer bands, their support staffs, and more broadly the vast numbers of people who tilled the soil and whose labor supported the samurai. The requirements of service also transformed the shape of the former regional castle town of Edo and remade it into a national capital, the vestiges of which can still be seen across Tokyo to date, primarily in its parks and public gardens.
Laura Nenzi
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824831172
- eISBN:
- 9780824869199
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824831172.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
In the Edo period (1600–1868), status-and gender-based expectations largely defined a person’s place and identity in society. The wayfarers of the time, however, discovered that travel provided the ...
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In the Edo period (1600–1868), status-and gender-based expectations largely defined a person’s place and identity in society. The wayfarers of the time, however, discovered that travel provided the opportunity to escape from the confines of the everyday. Cultured travelers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries wrote travel memoirs to celebrate their profession as belle-lettrists. For women in particular the open road and the blank page offered an opportunity to create personal hierarchies defined less by gender and more by culture and refinement. After the mid-eighteenth century, textbooks, guides, comical fiction, and woodblock prints allowed commoners to acquaint themselves with the historical, lyrical, or artistic pedigree of Japan’s famous sites. By identifying themselves with famous literary and historical icons, some saw an opportunity to rewrite their lives and re-create their identities in their travel diaries. The book first introduces the notion that the spaces of travel were malleable, accommodating reconceptualization across interpretive frames. It shows that, far from being static backgrounds, these travelscapes proliferated in a myriad of loci where one person’s center was another’s periphery. The book continues that in the course of the Edo period, educated persons used travel to, or through, revered lyrical sites to assert and enhance their roles and identities. Finally, the book looks at the intersection between recreational travel and the rising commercial economy, which allowed visitors to appropriate landscapes through new means: monetary transactions, acquisition of tangible icons, or other forms of physical interaction.Less
In the Edo period (1600–1868), status-and gender-based expectations largely defined a person’s place and identity in society. The wayfarers of the time, however, discovered that travel provided the opportunity to escape from the confines of the everyday. Cultured travelers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries wrote travel memoirs to celebrate their profession as belle-lettrists. For women in particular the open road and the blank page offered an opportunity to create personal hierarchies defined less by gender and more by culture and refinement. After the mid-eighteenth century, textbooks, guides, comical fiction, and woodblock prints allowed commoners to acquaint themselves with the historical, lyrical, or artistic pedigree of Japan’s famous sites. By identifying themselves with famous literary and historical icons, some saw an opportunity to rewrite their lives and re-create their identities in their travel diaries. The book first introduces the notion that the spaces of travel were malleable, accommodating reconceptualization across interpretive frames. It shows that, far from being static backgrounds, these travelscapes proliferated in a myriad of loci where one person’s center was another’s periphery. The book continues that in the course of the Edo period, educated persons used travel to, or through, revered lyrical sites to assert and enhance their roles and identities. Finally, the book looks at the intersection between recreational travel and the rising commercial economy, which allowed visitors to appropriate landscapes through new means: monetary transactions, acquisition of tangible icons, or other forms of physical interaction.
Gregory Smits
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824838171
- eISBN:
- 9780824870997
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824838171.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
What are we to make of contemporary newspapers in Japan speculating about the possible connection between aquatic creatures and earthquakes? Why, between 1977 and 1993, did Japan's government spend ...
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What are we to make of contemporary newspapers in Japan speculating about the possible connection between aquatic creatures and earthquakes? Why, between 1977 and 1993, did Japan's government spend taxpayer money to observe catfish in aquariums as part of its mandate to fund earthquake prediction research? These actions are direct legacies of the 1855 Ansei Edo earthquake, one of the major natural disasters of the period. This book examines this earthquake in a broad historical context. The Ansei Edo earthquake shook the shogun's capital during a year of special religious significance and at a time of particularly vigorous seismic activity. It was also a turning point because, according to the prevailing understanding of earthquakes at the time, it should never have happened. Many Japanese, therefore, became receptive to new ideas about the causes of earthquakes as well as to the notion that by observing some phenomena—for example, the behavior of catfish—one might determine when an earthquake would strike. All subsequent major earthquakes in Japan resulted in claims, always made after the fact, that certain phenomena had been signs of the impending catastrophe. Indeed, earthquake prediction in Japan from 1855 to the present has largely consisted of amassing collections of alleged or possible precursor phenomena. In addition, the Ansei Edo earthquake served as a catalyst accelerating socio-political trends already underway. It revealed bakufu military weaknesses and enhanced the prestige of the imperial deity Amaterasu at the expense of the bakufu deity Kashima.Less
What are we to make of contemporary newspapers in Japan speculating about the possible connection between aquatic creatures and earthquakes? Why, between 1977 and 1993, did Japan's government spend taxpayer money to observe catfish in aquariums as part of its mandate to fund earthquake prediction research? These actions are direct legacies of the 1855 Ansei Edo earthquake, one of the major natural disasters of the period. This book examines this earthquake in a broad historical context. The Ansei Edo earthquake shook the shogun's capital during a year of special religious significance and at a time of particularly vigorous seismic activity. It was also a turning point because, according to the prevailing understanding of earthquakes at the time, it should never have happened. Many Japanese, therefore, became receptive to new ideas about the causes of earthquakes as well as to the notion that by observing some phenomena—for example, the behavior of catfish—one might determine when an earthquake would strike. All subsequent major earthquakes in Japan resulted in claims, always made after the fact, that certain phenomena had been signs of the impending catastrophe. Indeed, earthquake prediction in Japan from 1855 to the present has largely consisted of amassing collections of alleged or possible precursor phenomena. In addition, the Ansei Edo earthquake served as a catalyst accelerating socio-political trends already underway. It revealed bakufu military weaknesses and enhanced the prestige of the imperial deity Amaterasu at the expense of the bakufu deity Kashima.
Terrence Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824853587
- eISBN:
- 9780824868840
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824853587.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Network of Knowledge examines the development of Dutch studies (rangaku) during the crucial years of 1770-1830 as its scholars wove a network that stretched across Japan. Rangaku was the title given ...
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Network of Knowledge examines the development of Dutch studies (rangaku) during the crucial years of 1770-1830 as its scholars wove a network that stretched across Japan. Rangaku was the title given to the pursuit of Western science and medicine through the medium of Japan’s sole link to Europe, the Dutch East India Company. This books focuses on the scholar Ōtsuki Gentaku and his colleagues in Edo in order to explain how the community expanded across the whole of Japan. It investigates their cultural world of salon gatherings, private academies, study-travel, letter-correspondence, and book-circulation, and argues that it is impossible to assess rangaku without understanding the strength of its community formation within those spaces. The community’s social significance helped make rangaku one of the integral developments in a Tokugawa era (1600-1868) information revolution. This information revolution included an increase in information gathering among all classes and new methods for collecting and storing that information. Changes in information culture were intricately tied to social developments, and this book reveals how the history of rangaku reflects that. The book ends with a discussion of the longevity of the social and cultural values of the rangaku network as they influenced the Meiji period (1868-1912).Less
Network of Knowledge examines the development of Dutch studies (rangaku) during the crucial years of 1770-1830 as its scholars wove a network that stretched across Japan. Rangaku was the title given to the pursuit of Western science and medicine through the medium of Japan’s sole link to Europe, the Dutch East India Company. This books focuses on the scholar Ōtsuki Gentaku and his colleagues in Edo in order to explain how the community expanded across the whole of Japan. It investigates their cultural world of salon gatherings, private academies, study-travel, letter-correspondence, and book-circulation, and argues that it is impossible to assess rangaku without understanding the strength of its community formation within those spaces. The community’s social significance helped make rangaku one of the integral developments in a Tokugawa era (1600-1868) information revolution. This information revolution included an increase in information gathering among all classes and new methods for collecting and storing that information. Changes in information culture were intricately tied to social developments, and this book reveals how the history of rangaku reflects that. The book ends with a discussion of the longevity of the social and cultural values of the rangaku network as they influenced the Meiji period (1868-1912).
Gore Charles
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748633166
- eISBN:
- 9780748652983
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633166.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, African Studies
This book shifts the focus of attention from the world-famous royal art associated with the Edo kingdom, most notably ‘the Benin bronzes’, to the art traditions produced by the local Edo religion ...
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This book shifts the focus of attention from the world-famous royal art associated with the Edo kingdom, most notably ‘the Benin bronzes’, to the art traditions produced by the local Edo religion that underpins the legitimacy and power of kingship. It is a study of the art of urban contemporary shrines and the creative processes by which they are realised, visually and in performance. Fundamental to understanding these visual traditions is the need to relate the practices of this rich and complex Edo religion to the practices of art.Less
This book shifts the focus of attention from the world-famous royal art associated with the Edo kingdom, most notably ‘the Benin bronzes’, to the art traditions produced by the local Edo religion that underpins the legitimacy and power of kingship. It is a study of the art of urban contemporary shrines and the creative processes by which they are realised, visually and in performance. Fundamental to understanding these visual traditions is the need to relate the practices of this rich and complex Edo religion to the practices of art.
Julie Nelson Davis
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824839383
- eISBN:
- 9780824869533
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824839383.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
Through a discussion of collaboration in the genre of ukiyo-e (pictures of the floating world) this book offers a new approach to understanding the production and reception of print culture in early ...
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Through a discussion of collaboration in the genre of ukiyo-e (pictures of the floating world) this book offers a new approach to understanding the production and reception of print culture in early modern Japan. It demonstrates that this popular genre was the result of an exchange among publishers, designers, writers, carvers, printers, patrons, buyers, and readers. By recasting selected works from the later eighteenth century as examples of a network of commercial and artistic cooperation, Partners in Print expands our understanding of the dynamic processes of production, reception, and intention in floating world print culture. Through four case studies this book explores collaboration between a teacher and a student, two painters and their publishers, a designer and a publisher, and a writer and an illustrator. Each begins with a single work—a specially commissioned print, a lavishly illustrated album, a printed handscroll, and an inexpensive illustrated novel—to investigate these partnerships. These materials represent some of the diversity of printed things ranging from expensive works made for a select circle of connoisseurs to those sold at a modest price to a large audience. They take up subjects familiar from the floating world—connoisseurship, beauty, sex, and humor—and explore multiple dimensions of inquiry vital to that dynamic culture: the status of art, the evaluation of beauty, the representation of sexuality, and the tension between mind and body.Less
Through a discussion of collaboration in the genre of ukiyo-e (pictures of the floating world) this book offers a new approach to understanding the production and reception of print culture in early modern Japan. It demonstrates that this popular genre was the result of an exchange among publishers, designers, writers, carvers, printers, patrons, buyers, and readers. By recasting selected works from the later eighteenth century as examples of a network of commercial and artistic cooperation, Partners in Print expands our understanding of the dynamic processes of production, reception, and intention in floating world print culture. Through four case studies this book explores collaboration between a teacher and a student, two painters and their publishers, a designer and a publisher, and a writer and an illustrator. Each begins with a single work—a specially commissioned print, a lavishly illustrated album, a printed handscroll, and an inexpensive illustrated novel—to investigate these partnerships. These materials represent some of the diversity of printed things ranging from expensive works made for a select circle of connoisseurs to those sold at a modest price to a large audience. They take up subjects familiar from the floating world—connoisseurship, beauty, sex, and humor—and explore multiple dimensions of inquiry vital to that dynamic culture: the status of art, the evaluation of beauty, the representation of sexuality, and the tension between mind and body.
Hata Hisako
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520254435
- eISBN:
- 9780520941519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520254435.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History
During the nineteenth century, a messenger named Fujinami made a career of working for the shogun; bringing this young woman into the palace was one way of recruiting new staff. In the common ...
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During the nineteenth century, a messenger named Fujinami made a career of working for the shogun; bringing this young woman into the palace was one way of recruiting new staff. In the common parlance of the time, they were called servants of the inner quarters or palace women. Fujinami lived and worked in women's quarters for the Tokugawa shoguns called the “Great Interior”. By the time Fujinami started working at the Edo Castle around 1837, the Tokugawa shogunate had ruled Japan for more than two hundred years. Founded in 1603, it developed administrative structures, including those for the Great Interior, by the middle of the seventeenth century. The eighth shogun Yoshimune oversaw their reform in the 1720s. One result was a diminution in the power of concubines, to the advantage of wives and administrators. This chapter focuses on the period after Yoshimune's reform, the Great Interior of Edo Castle, and the women who worked for the shogunate.Less
During the nineteenth century, a messenger named Fujinami made a career of working for the shogun; bringing this young woman into the palace was one way of recruiting new staff. In the common parlance of the time, they were called servants of the inner quarters or palace women. Fujinami lived and worked in women's quarters for the Tokugawa shoguns called the “Great Interior”. By the time Fujinami started working at the Edo Castle around 1837, the Tokugawa shogunate had ruled Japan for more than two hundred years. Founded in 1603, it developed administrative structures, including those for the Great Interior, by the middle of the seventeenth century. The eighth shogun Yoshimune oversaw their reform in the 1720s. One result was a diminution in the power of concubines, to the advantage of wives and administrators. This chapter focuses on the period after Yoshimune's reform, the Great Interior of Edo Castle, and the women who worked for the shogunate.
Mamoru Akamine
Robert Huey (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780824855178
- eISBN:
- 9780824872953
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824855178.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Toyotomi Hideyoshi moved to unify Japan and gave the Shimazu clan in Satsuma the right (not acknowledged by Ryukyu) to control Ryukyu. Satsuma successfully invaded Ryukyu in 1609, forcing King Shō ...
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi moved to unify Japan and gave the Shimazu clan in Satsuma the right (not acknowledged by Ryukyu) to control Ryukyu. Satsuma successfully invaded Ryukyu in 1609, forcing King Shō Nei to accompany them to Edo to honor the Tokugawa Shogun, who agreed to allow the Ryukyu royal government to continue functioning as is, asking them to mediate in Japan-China relations. China balked and reduced Ryukyu trade missions drastically. In early 1600s, Tokugawa fear of Christianity led to isolationist sakoku policy; Ryukyu included. From 1630s, Ryukyu was subject to Japan’s rice tax assessment, as part of Satsuma. From 1630s, Ryukyu begins to send periodic envoys to Edo (Edo-nobori, or Edo-dachi). Satsuma tightened control over Ryukyu’s trade activities. This chapter examines the complicated trade strategies that developed between Japan, Satsuma, Ryukyu, and China. With the Qing Dynasty in the mid-seventeenth century, Ryukyu tribute envoys also become intelligence “agents” for Satsuma.Less
Toyotomi Hideyoshi moved to unify Japan and gave the Shimazu clan in Satsuma the right (not acknowledged by Ryukyu) to control Ryukyu. Satsuma successfully invaded Ryukyu in 1609, forcing King Shō Nei to accompany them to Edo to honor the Tokugawa Shogun, who agreed to allow the Ryukyu royal government to continue functioning as is, asking them to mediate in Japan-China relations. China balked and reduced Ryukyu trade missions drastically. In early 1600s, Tokugawa fear of Christianity led to isolationist sakoku policy; Ryukyu included. From 1630s, Ryukyu was subject to Japan’s rice tax assessment, as part of Satsuma. From 1630s, Ryukyu begins to send periodic envoys to Edo (Edo-nobori, or Edo-dachi). Satsuma tightened control over Ryukyu’s trade activities. This chapter examines the complicated trade strategies that developed between Japan, Satsuma, Ryukyu, and China. With the Qing Dynasty in the mid-seventeenth century, Ryukyu tribute envoys also become intelligence “agents” for Satsuma.
Mamoru Akamine
Robert Huey (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780824855178
- eISBN:
- 9780824872953
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824855178.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
In mid-1600s, Ryukyu reformed government to better align with Tokugawa Japan. This chapter details how class distinctions were codified and genealogies (kafu) became important, and also provides a ...
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In mid-1600s, Ryukyu reformed government to better align with Tokugawa Japan. This chapter details how class distinctions were codified and genealogies (kafu) became important, and also provides a description of the reorganized royal government. Ryukyu learned to play both sides—remaining a tributary state of China, and a vassal of Satsuma. Ryukyu began to “sinify” as a means to counterbalance Satsuma’s rule; yet Satsuma also benefited, since its “vassal,” Ryukyu, thereby maintained China’s trust. This chapter details aspects of Chinese culture, including architecture, feng shui, and family names, which Ryukyu embraced. The Kumemura district, home of many Chinese and Chinese scholars, gained importance. Selected Ryukyu students were again permitted to study in China officially, and unofficial “working students” also joined tribute ships’ crews to study in China during long layovers there. Satsuma’s “policy of concealment” discouraged openly “Japanese” behavior among Ryukyuans, to persuade China that Ryukyu was independent from Japan.Less
In mid-1600s, Ryukyu reformed government to better align with Tokugawa Japan. This chapter details how class distinctions were codified and genealogies (kafu) became important, and also provides a description of the reorganized royal government. Ryukyu learned to play both sides—remaining a tributary state of China, and a vassal of Satsuma. Ryukyu began to “sinify” as a means to counterbalance Satsuma’s rule; yet Satsuma also benefited, since its “vassal,” Ryukyu, thereby maintained China’s trust. This chapter details aspects of Chinese culture, including architecture, feng shui, and family names, which Ryukyu embraced. The Kumemura district, home of many Chinese and Chinese scholars, gained importance. Selected Ryukyu students were again permitted to study in China officially, and unofficial “working students” also joined tribute ships’ crews to study in China during long layovers there. Satsuma’s “policy of concealment” discouraged openly “Japanese” behavior among Ryukyuans, to persuade China that Ryukyu was independent from Japan.
Gregory Pflugfelder
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520209091
- eISBN:
- 9780520940871
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520209091.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
In this study of the mapping and remapping of male-male sexuality over four centuries of Japanese history, the book explores the languages of medicine, law, and popular culture from the seventeenth ...
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In this study of the mapping and remapping of male-male sexuality over four centuries of Japanese history, the book explores the languages of medicine, law, and popular culture from the seventeenth century through the American Occupation. The book opens with fascinating speculations about how an Edo translator might grapple with a twentieth-century text on homosexuality, then turns to law, literature, newspaper articles, medical tracts, and other sources to discover Japanese attitudes toward sexuality over the centuries. During each of three major eras, it argues, one field dominated discourse on male-male sexual relations: popular culture in the Edo period (1600–1868), jurisprudence in the Meiji period (1868–1912), and medicine in the twentieth century.Less
In this study of the mapping and remapping of male-male sexuality over four centuries of Japanese history, the book explores the languages of medicine, law, and popular culture from the seventeenth century through the American Occupation. The book opens with fascinating speculations about how an Edo translator might grapple with a twentieth-century text on homosexuality, then turns to law, literature, newspaper articles, medical tracts, and other sources to discover Japanese attitudes toward sexuality over the centuries. During each of three major eras, it argues, one field dominated discourse on male-male sexual relations: popular culture in the Edo period (1600–1868), jurisprudence in the Meiji period (1868–1912), and medicine in the twentieth century.
Paula Ben-Amos Girshick
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520229488
- eISBN:
- 9780520927292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520229488.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter explores the history and conditions of Omada art at the crossroads of different colonialisms. It focuses on the court art of the Edo Kingdom of Benin in present-day Nigeria during the ...
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This chapter explores the history and conditions of Omada art at the crossroads of different colonialisms. It focuses on the court art of the Edo Kingdom of Benin in present-day Nigeria during the last half of the nineteenth century, a period of historical transition when that kingdom, an imperial power in its own right, fell to British colonial domination. It investigates the artistic implications of the transition from colonizer to colonized and outlines the artistic contexts in which the issues of colonial power and identity were explored.Less
This chapter explores the history and conditions of Omada art at the crossroads of different colonialisms. It focuses on the court art of the Edo Kingdom of Benin in present-day Nigeria during the last half of the nineteenth century, a period of historical transition when that kingdom, an imperial power in its own right, fell to British colonial domination. It investigates the artistic implications of the transition from colonizer to colonized and outlines the artistic contexts in which the issues of colonial power and identity were explored.
Constantine Nomikos Vaporis
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832056
- eISBN:
- 9780824868789
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832056.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter argues that in contrast with this Edo-centric model, the social processes involved in the production and integration of culture in the Edo period were much more complex. Rather than a ...
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This chapter argues that in contrast with this Edo-centric model, the social processes involved in the production and integration of culture in the Edo period were much more complex. Rather than a unidirectional model, a more accurate paradigm of cultural change, as revealed by alternate attendance, consists of a number of currents by means of which people, ideas, and material goods and other culture flowed between the roughly 250 domains and the center (Edo). Culture was, in other words, produced and transmitted all along the metaphorical road of alternate attendance.Less
This chapter argues that in contrast with this Edo-centric model, the social processes involved in the production and integration of culture in the Edo period were much more complex. Rather than a unidirectional model, a more accurate paradigm of cultural change, as revealed by alternate attendance, consists of a number of currents by means of which people, ideas, and material goods and other culture flowed between the roughly 250 domains and the center (Edo). Culture was, in other words, produced and transmitted all along the metaphorical road of alternate attendance.
Kären Wigen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520259188
- eISBN:
- 9780520945807
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520259188.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Shinano was transformed in fundamental ways as commerce enveloped early modern Japan. Specialty crops and commercial fertilizers transformed farming, making it more intensive and more diverse. ...
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Shinano was transformed in fundamental ways as commerce enveloped early modern Japan. Specialty crops and commercial fertilizers transformed farming, making it more intensive and more diverse. Brewing, weaving, sericulture, and paper craft made possible a dense web of protoindustrial enterprise. But innovation was not confined to the productive sphere. Shinano also participated in the eighteenth century's enthusiastic experimentation in the arts and letters. Japanese domestic cartography essentially declined when the leading states of Europe and North America embarked on ambitious projects that revolutionized cartographic practice and scientific images of their terrain. The necessary foundation for that new vision was a century of patient work in applied mathematics. A new map of Japan materialized because a sake brewer and amateur astronomer named Ino Tadataka offered to lead a small team of assistants from Edo to Ezo and back again at his own expense measuring each step of the way. Ino was then revered in Japan for his coastal maps.Less
Shinano was transformed in fundamental ways as commerce enveloped early modern Japan. Specialty crops and commercial fertilizers transformed farming, making it more intensive and more diverse. Brewing, weaving, sericulture, and paper craft made possible a dense web of protoindustrial enterprise. But innovation was not confined to the productive sphere. Shinano also participated in the eighteenth century's enthusiastic experimentation in the arts and letters. Japanese domestic cartography essentially declined when the leading states of Europe and North America embarked on ambitious projects that revolutionized cartographic practice and scientific images of their terrain. The necessary foundation for that new vision was a century of patient work in applied mathematics. A new map of Japan materialized because a sake brewer and amateur astronomer named Ino Tadataka offered to lead a small team of assistants from Edo to Ezo and back again at his own expense measuring each step of the way. Ino was then revered in Japan for his coastal maps.
Gregory M. Pflugfelder
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520209091
- eISBN:
- 9780520940871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520209091.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
In the Edo-period, for the Japanese, “homosexuality” was an unfamiliar and unimaginable concept. People of this era never engaged in sexual practices with nor experienced erotic desires toward ...
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In the Edo-period, for the Japanese, “homosexuality” was an unfamiliar and unimaginable concept. People of this era never engaged in sexual practices with nor experienced erotic desires toward individuals of the same sex. This period's sexual vocabulary offered various expressions that could be used to refer to erotic activities between males or females so that even finding an appropriate name for it would pose a considerable challenge. Writings on male-male sexuality possessed an indigenous textual tradition, with its own vocabulary and commercial market. The “sexuality” of “homosexuality” was quite the same as the “love” of “male love”Less
In the Edo-period, for the Japanese, “homosexuality” was an unfamiliar and unimaginable concept. People of this era never engaged in sexual practices with nor experienced erotic desires toward individuals of the same sex. This period's sexual vocabulary offered various expressions that could be used to refer to erotic activities between males or females so that even finding an appropriate name for it would pose a considerable challenge. Writings on male-male sexuality possessed an indigenous textual tradition, with its own vocabulary and commercial market. The “sexuality” of “homosexuality” was quite the same as the “love” of “male love”
Gregory M. Pflugfelder
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520209091
- eISBN:
- 9780520940871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520209091.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter explores the realm of legal discourse — the framework of pronouncements and silences by means of which political authorities of the Edo-period sought to establish and maintain control ...
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This chapter explores the realm of legal discourse — the framework of pronouncements and silences by means of which political authorities of the Edo-period sought to establish and maintain control over the significance of male-male sexuality. Through the codification and enforcement of various types of legislation, the era's warriors-turned-bureaucrats attempted to limit shudō within parameters that would serve their own interests and secure the functioning of the communities in their charge. In contrast to the profit motive of the publishing industry, the concerns of legislators were centered on hierarchy and stability. As with popular discourse, the legal construction of male-male sexuality was by no means uniform, varying significantly with geographic locale and chronological era, as the subsequent discussion should sufficiently illustrate.Less
This chapter explores the realm of legal discourse — the framework of pronouncements and silences by means of which political authorities of the Edo-period sought to establish and maintain control over the significance of male-male sexuality. Through the codification and enforcement of various types of legislation, the era's warriors-turned-bureaucrats attempted to limit shudō within parameters that would serve their own interests and secure the functioning of the communities in their charge. In contrast to the profit motive of the publishing industry, the concerns of legislators were centered on hierarchy and stability. As with popular discourse, the legal construction of male-male sexuality was by no means uniform, varying significantly with geographic locale and chronological era, as the subsequent discussion should sufficiently illustrate.
