Joseph Bergin
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780300207699
- eISBN:
- 9780300210460
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300207699.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter examines the challenges arising from the shift of political ideology caused by religious divisions. By 1600, many religious groups claimed discrimination and unequal treatment under the ...
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This chapter examines the challenges arising from the shift of political ideology caused by religious divisions. By 1600, many religious groups claimed discrimination and unequal treatment under the law. The Catholics regrouped under a Bourbon monarchy and the Protestants threatened to obey a new leadership. These French wars of religion ended with the Edict of Nantes. Some historians, however, claim that the French Catholic regions accepted Henri IV only because of his conversion to Catholicism, his coronation, and the papal absolution given. This also left the Protestants with little option except to support Henri IV. This settlement with the Catholics and Henri IV's marriage to a Catholic and papal subject strengthened the new Bourbon Monarchy in France.Less
This chapter examines the challenges arising from the shift of political ideology caused by religious divisions. By 1600, many religious groups claimed discrimination and unequal treatment under the law. The Catholics regrouped under a Bourbon monarchy and the Protestants threatened to obey a new leadership. These French wars of religion ended with the Edict of Nantes. Some historians, however, claim that the French Catholic regions accepted Henri IV only because of his conversion to Catholicism, his coronation, and the papal absolution given. This also left the Protestants with little option except to support Henri IV. This settlement with the Catholics and Henri IV's marriage to a Catholic and papal subject strengthened the new Bourbon Monarchy in France.
John McManners
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270041
- eISBN:
- 9780191600692
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198270046.003.0023
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Discusses the erosion of the rights of the Calvinist minority in seventeenth‐century France, setting the scene for Church and State policy and the struggle for toleration in the eighteenth century. ...
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Discusses the erosion of the rights of the Calvinist minority in seventeenth‐century France, setting the scene for Church and State policy and the struggle for toleration in the eighteenth century. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV in 1685 was the culmination of a long process of harassment of the Huguenots and restriction of their rights. They had to face the persistent ill will of fanatical Catholics, including lawyers; the Church consistently called for harsh measures; and the crown resorted to all manner of chicanery to obtain conversions. The revocation damaged France economically and the country lost population. It bequeathed to the eighteenth century large numbers of insincere converts of Catholicism, with many remaining Protestants in their hearts and others drifting towards having no religion at all.Less
Discusses the erosion of the rights of the Calvinist minority in seventeenth‐century France, setting the scene for Church and State policy and the struggle for toleration in the eighteenth century. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV in 1685 was the culmination of a long process of harassment of the Huguenots and restriction of their rights. They had to face the persistent ill will of fanatical Catholics, including lawyers; the Church consistently called for harsh measures; and the crown resorted to all manner of chicanery to obtain conversions. The revocation damaged France economically and the country lost population. It bequeathed to the eighteenth century large numbers of insincere converts of Catholicism, with many remaining Protestants in their hearts and others drifting towards having no religion at all.
W. Gregory Monahan
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199688449
- eISBN:
- 9780191767708
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199688449.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Explores the reasons why this remote, mountainous region converted so thoroughly to Protestantism in the sixteenth century. It argues that there were many causes, including the earlier conversion of ...
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Explores the reasons why this remote, mountainous region converted so thoroughly to Protestantism in the sixteenth century. It argues that there were many causes, including the earlier conversion of the major trading cities of Nîmes and Montpellier, the weakness of the local Church, the influence of converted notables, and regional antagonisms. It also notes the conversion of women, arguing that they converted for as many different reasons as did men. It notes that the region remained steadfast in its confession even as Protestantism declined elsewhere, then charts the events leading up to the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 and the aborted rebellion against that action in 1683. It notes that years of pressure, the conversion of some notables to Catholicism, and the decision of the monarchy to use military force led to failure, forcing Protestantism back into the confines of family life, where women played a major role.Less
Explores the reasons why this remote, mountainous region converted so thoroughly to Protestantism in the sixteenth century. It argues that there were many causes, including the earlier conversion of the major trading cities of Nîmes and Montpellier, the weakness of the local Church, the influence of converted notables, and regional antagonisms. It also notes the conversion of women, arguing that they converted for as many different reasons as did men. It notes that the region remained steadfast in its confession even as Protestantism declined elsewhere, then charts the events leading up to the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 and the aborted rebellion against that action in 1683. It notes that years of pressure, the conversion of some notables to Catholicism, and the decision of the monarchy to use military force led to failure, forcing Protestantism back into the confines of family life, where women played a major role.
Joseph Bergin
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780300207699
- eISBN:
- 9780300210460
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300207699.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter examines French Protestant churches and the country's population amidst conflicts between religion and state in the early seventeenth century. In the controversies between Catholic and ...
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This chapter examines French Protestant churches and the country's population amidst conflicts between religion and state in the early seventeenth century. In the controversies between Catholic and Protestant propagandists, the Protestants had been clearly at a disadvantage since France was decidedly moving toward a stronger Catholic identity. Then, the Edict of Nantes gave the Huguenot Protestants more rights, making Catholics despise the edict. In 1629, both sides had agreed to a general settlement upon the signing of the Peace of Ales. This was a treaty for general pacification, while the edict, in a different format, was really a document for the future calling for religious unity.Less
This chapter examines French Protestant churches and the country's population amidst conflicts between religion and state in the early seventeenth century. In the controversies between Catholic and Protestant propagandists, the Protestants had been clearly at a disadvantage since France was decidedly moving toward a stronger Catholic identity. Then, the Edict of Nantes gave the Huguenot Protestants more rights, making Catholics despise the edict. In 1629, both sides had agreed to a general settlement upon the signing of the Peace of Ales. This was a treaty for general pacification, while the edict, in a different format, was really a document for the future calling for religious unity.
Andrea Frisch
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780748694396
- eISBN:
- 9781474412322
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748694396.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
An examination of the semantic field of the term ‘oubliance’ in 16th-century France that contextualizes the 1598 Edict of Nantes’s call to erase memories of the wars of Religion in France. André de ...
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An examination of the semantic field of the term ‘oubliance’ in 16th-century France that contextualizes the 1598 Edict of Nantes’s call to erase memories of the wars of Religion in France. André de Nesmond’s 1600 parlementary address on amnesty reveals the complexity of cultural discourses surrounding memory and forgetting in the period, and introduces tragedy and tragic affect as key points of reference for the politics and the historiography of the civil wars.Less
An examination of the semantic field of the term ‘oubliance’ in 16th-century France that contextualizes the 1598 Edict of Nantes’s call to erase memories of the wars of Religion in France. André de Nesmond’s 1600 parlementary address on amnesty reveals the complexity of cultural discourses surrounding memory and forgetting in the period, and introduces tragedy and tragic affect as key points of reference for the politics and the historiography of the civil wars.
Owen Stanwood
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- December 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190264741
- eISBN:
- 9780190264772
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190264741.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion, European Modern History
This chapter focuses on Europe itself, in order to chronicle the creation of the Huguenot diaspora. Starting with the example of the theologian Pierre Jurieu, it shows how the coming of persecution ...
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This chapter focuses on Europe itself, in order to chronicle the creation of the Huguenot diaspora. Starting with the example of the theologian Pierre Jurieu, it shows how the coming of persecution led Huguenots to define themselves as a godly remnant of the once great French Protestant church. Thousands of refugees scattered around Europe, where they sought aid from Protestant rulers even as they promoted themselves as people with a particular role in cosmic history. Jurieu was the leading promoter of this specialness, which he took from a close reading of Revelation, but which had political implications. Jurieu and other Huguenot leaders especially sought to create “colonies,” self-contained Huguenot communities around Europe that could preserve the refugees’ faith for an eventual return to France. Over the course of the 1680s and 1690s these colonies appeared around Europe, from Germany to Ireland, and set the stage for the Huguenots’ global expansion.Less
This chapter focuses on Europe itself, in order to chronicle the creation of the Huguenot diaspora. Starting with the example of the theologian Pierre Jurieu, it shows how the coming of persecution led Huguenots to define themselves as a godly remnant of the once great French Protestant church. Thousands of refugees scattered around Europe, where they sought aid from Protestant rulers even as they promoted themselves as people with a particular role in cosmic history. Jurieu was the leading promoter of this specialness, which he took from a close reading of Revelation, but which had political implications. Jurieu and other Huguenot leaders especially sought to create “colonies,” self-contained Huguenot communities around Europe that could preserve the refugees’ faith for an eventual return to France. Over the course of the 1680s and 1690s these colonies appeared around Europe, from Germany to Ireland, and set the stage for the Huguenots’ global expansion.
Tony Kushner
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719066405
- eISBN:
- 9781781704721
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719066405.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter explores the migrant journeys of Huguenot refugees escaping French persecution in the last quarter of the seventeenth century. It discusses published memoirs and escape accounts of ...
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This chapter explores the migrant journeys of Huguenot refugees escaping French persecution in the last quarter of the seventeenth century. It discusses published memoirs and escape accounts of Huguenot refugees who suffered religious persecution in France. One example is Reverend Jacques Fontaine's autobiography, A Tale of the Huguenots, which details the intense persecution in 1685 and his journey of escape following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes.Less
This chapter explores the migrant journeys of Huguenot refugees escaping French persecution in the last quarter of the seventeenth century. It discusses published memoirs and escape accounts of Huguenot refugees who suffered religious persecution in France. One example is Reverend Jacques Fontaine's autobiography, A Tale of the Huguenots, which details the intense persecution in 1685 and his journey of escape following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes.
Joseph Bergin
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780300207699
- eISBN:
- 9780300210460
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300207699.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter deals with events after the Edict of Nantes. In 1640, “Augustinnus” written by Cornelius Jansen was published, stirring different groups in French society. The idea of Jansenism had ...
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This chapter deals with events after the Edict of Nantes. In 1640, “Augustinnus” written by Cornelius Jansen was published, stirring different groups in French society. The idea of Jansenism had become entrenched in society and defied authority. Whether politically or religiously motivated, this defiance had been due to past and current antagonisms in ecclesiological and political ideologies. In 1657, Jansenism spread to a wider circle beyond that of academics and clerics, resulting in a new cooperation between the papacy and the monarchy to contain such spread. Rome had totally condemned Jansenism though the French monarchy took a little longer to follow the same. In the early 1700s, however, Jansenism would resurface in a different guise and historical context.Less
This chapter deals with events after the Edict of Nantes. In 1640, “Augustinnus” written by Cornelius Jansen was published, stirring different groups in French society. The idea of Jansenism had become entrenched in society and defied authority. Whether politically or religiously motivated, this defiance had been due to past and current antagonisms in ecclesiological and political ideologies. In 1657, Jansenism spread to a wider circle beyond that of academics and clerics, resulting in a new cooperation between the papacy and the monarchy to contain such spread. Rome had totally condemned Jansenism though the French monarchy took a little longer to follow the same. In the early 1700s, however, Jansenism would resurface in a different guise and historical context.
Carolyn Chappell Lougee
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190241315
- eISBN:
- 9780190241346
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241315.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, History of Religion
This book tells the story of one French Protestant (Huguenot) family, the Robillard de Champagné, as it faced Louis XIV’s Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, which criminalized their religion in 1685. ...
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This book tells the story of one French Protestant (Huguenot) family, the Robillard de Champagné, as it faced Louis XIV’s Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, which criminalized their religion in 1685. Through this story it challenges the way Huguenot history has been told for three hundred years, ever since the Huguenots themselves set its principal interpretive lines, and offers new insights into the reign of Louis XIV. It denies the standard ascription of deeper faith to Huguenots who emigrated and venal motives to those who remained, showing how complex the considerations were—at once social, familial, economic, and political as well as religious—that impelled individuals and families either to leave the country or convert to the king’s religion. It uses evidence on escapes from France to question how intent Louis XIV was on stopping Huguenots from leaving and how closely he and his agents hewed to the letter of the law prescribing imprisonment for captured fugitives. The personal stories of several families among the Champagné’s social set who stayed after the Revocation shed new light on the possibilities for Protestant resistance and on the satisfactions other than venal available to families that complied with the king’s will. This book extends the Champagné story into the Refuge, where it uses the experience of Marie de La Rochefoucauld de Champagné and her children to suggest how traditional was Huguenots’ cultural adaptation, and how strongly the values they brought with them from France shaped their experiences in changed circumstances.Less
This book tells the story of one French Protestant (Huguenot) family, the Robillard de Champagné, as it faced Louis XIV’s Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, which criminalized their religion in 1685. Through this story it challenges the way Huguenot history has been told for three hundred years, ever since the Huguenots themselves set its principal interpretive lines, and offers new insights into the reign of Louis XIV. It denies the standard ascription of deeper faith to Huguenots who emigrated and venal motives to those who remained, showing how complex the considerations were—at once social, familial, economic, and political as well as religious—that impelled individuals and families either to leave the country or convert to the king’s religion. It uses evidence on escapes from France to question how intent Louis XIV was on stopping Huguenots from leaving and how closely he and his agents hewed to the letter of the law prescribing imprisonment for captured fugitives. The personal stories of several families among the Champagné’s social set who stayed after the Revocation shed new light on the possibilities for Protestant resistance and on the satisfactions other than venal available to families that complied with the king’s will. This book extends the Champagné story into the Refuge, where it uses the experience of Marie de La Rochefoucauld de Champagné and her children to suggest how traditional was Huguenots’ cultural adaptation, and how strongly the values they brought with them from France shaped their experiences in changed circumstances.
Andrea Frisch
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780748694396
- eISBN:
- 9781474412322
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748694396.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This study argues that the political and legislative process of forgetting internal differences undertaken in France after the civil wars of the sixteenth century leads to subtle yet fundamental ...
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This study argues that the political and legislative process of forgetting internal differences undertaken in France after the civil wars of the sixteenth century leads to subtle yet fundamental shifts in the broader conception of the relationship between readers or spectators on the one hand, and history, on the other. These shifts, occasioned by the desire for communal reconciliation, will ultimately serve the ideologies of cultural and political absolutism. By juxtaposing representations of the French civil war past as they appear (and frequently overlap) in historiography and tragedy from 1550-1630, Forgetting Differences tracks changes in the ways in which history and tragedy sought to “move” readers throughout the period of the wars and in their wake. The shift from a politically (and martially) active reading of the past to a primarily affective one follows the imperative, so clear and urgent at the turn of the seventeenth century, to put an end to violent conflict. Subsequently, however, this orientation to both history and tragedy would be appropriated for other ends, utlimately helping to further absolutist ideologies of culture and politics that privileged affective over active readings of the past.Less
This study argues that the political and legislative process of forgetting internal differences undertaken in France after the civil wars of the sixteenth century leads to subtle yet fundamental shifts in the broader conception of the relationship between readers or spectators on the one hand, and history, on the other. These shifts, occasioned by the desire for communal reconciliation, will ultimately serve the ideologies of cultural and political absolutism. By juxtaposing representations of the French civil war past as they appear (and frequently overlap) in historiography and tragedy from 1550-1630, Forgetting Differences tracks changes in the ways in which history and tragedy sought to “move” readers throughout the period of the wars and in their wake. The shift from a politically (and martially) active reading of the past to a primarily affective one follows the imperative, so clear and urgent at the turn of the seventeenth century, to put an end to violent conflict. Subsequently, however, this orientation to both history and tragedy would be appropriated for other ends, utlimately helping to further absolutist ideologies of culture and politics that privileged affective over active readings of the past.
