Peter Mathias and F. M. L. Thompson
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197262788
- eISBN:
- 9780191754210
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262788.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
Donald Coleman was an outstanding economic historian, specialising in industrial history. ‘Labour in the English Economy of the Seventeenth Century’ (1956) was an early influential article by him. ...
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Donald Coleman was an outstanding economic historian, specialising in industrial history. ‘Labour in the English Economy of the Seventeenth Century’ (1956) was an early influential article by him. Coleman held professorships at LSE and then Cambridge, and was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1972. He published many articles and books, among them a highly respected history of Courtaulds and was editor of the Economic History Review and the Records of Social and Economic History series published by the British Academy. Obituary by Peter Mathias FBA and F.M.L. Thompson FBA.Less
Donald Coleman was an outstanding economic historian, specialising in industrial history. ‘Labour in the English Economy of the Seventeenth Century’ (1956) was an early influential article by him. Coleman held professorships at LSE and then Cambridge, and was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1972. He published many articles and books, among them a highly respected history of Courtaulds and was editor of the Economic History Review and the Records of Social and Economic History series published by the British Academy. Obituary by Peter Mathias FBA and F.M.L. Thompson FBA.
Francisco Vidal Luna and Herbert S. Klein
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781503602007
- eISBN:
- 9781503604124
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503602007.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This volume is the continuation of an earlier study of colonial and imperial São Paulo and covers the period 1850-1950. These volumes are the first full scale survey of the economy and society of the ...
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This volume is the continuation of an earlier study of colonial and imperial São Paulo and covers the period 1850-1950. These volumes are the first full scale survey of the economy and society of the state of São Paulo in this two century period in any language. Today São Paulo is the most populated state of Brazil and also the richest and most industrialized one. It is also the world leader in the production of sugar cane and orange juice and houses one of the world’s major airplane manufacturers. Its GDP today is almost double the size of Portugal or Finland and close to the size of the entire economy of Colombia or Venezuela and its capital city is one of the top five metropolitan centers in the world. This volume shows how the region of São Paulo went from being one of the more marginal and backward areas of the nation to its leading agricultural, industrial and financial center. Special emphasis is given to the creation of a modern state government and finances in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as well as the evolution of tis coffee economy and its internal market as well as its leading role it played in the integration of over two million European and Asian immigrants into Brazilian society.Less
This volume is the continuation of an earlier study of colonial and imperial São Paulo and covers the period 1850-1950. These volumes are the first full scale survey of the economy and society of the state of São Paulo in this two century period in any language. Today São Paulo is the most populated state of Brazil and also the richest and most industrialized one. It is also the world leader in the production of sugar cane and orange juice and houses one of the world’s major airplane manufacturers. Its GDP today is almost double the size of Portugal or Finland and close to the size of the entire economy of Colombia or Venezuela and its capital city is one of the top five metropolitan centers in the world. This volume shows how the region of São Paulo went from being one of the more marginal and backward areas of the nation to its leading agricultural, industrial and financial center. Special emphasis is given to the creation of a modern state government and finances in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as well as the evolution of tis coffee economy and its internal market as well as its leading role it played in the integration of over two million European and Asian immigrants into Brazilian society.
Peter Mathias
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780969588511
- eISBN:
- 9781786944924
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9780969588511.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
Peter Mathias and David M. Williams each pay tribute to Professor Peter Neville Davies in turn, reflecting on his career as an economic historian at the University of Liverpool. The tributes cover ...
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Peter Mathias and David M. Williams each pay tribute to Professor Peter Neville Davies in turn, reflecting on his career as an economic historian at the University of Liverpool. The tributes cover the major highlights of his career and form an thorough introduction to Professor Davies' work to those unfamiliar with its scope.Less
Peter Mathias and David M. Williams each pay tribute to Professor Peter Neville Davies in turn, reflecting on his career as an economic historian at the University of Liverpool. The tributes cover the major highlights of his career and form an thorough introduction to Professor Davies' work to those unfamiliar with its scope.
Philipp Lepenies
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231175104
- eISBN:
- 9780231541435
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231175104.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
Widely used since the mid-twentieth century, GDP (gross domestic product) has become the world’s most powerful statistical indicator of national development and progress. Practically all governments ...
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Widely used since the mid-twentieth century, GDP (gross domestic product) has become the world’s most powerful statistical indicator of national development and progress. Practically all governments adhere to the idea that GDP growth is a primary economic target, and while criticism of this measure has grown, neither its champions nor its detractors deny its central importance in our political culture. In The Power of a Single Number, Philipp Lepenies recounts the lively history of GDP’s political acceptance—and eventual dominance. Locating the origins of GDP measurements in Renaissance England, Lepenies explores the social and political factors that originally hindered its use. It was not until the early 1900s that an ingenuous lone-wolf economist revived and honed GDP’s statistical approach. These ideas were then extended by John Maynard Keynes, and a more focused study of national income was born. American economists furthered this work by emphasizing GDP’s ties to social well-being, setting the stage for its ascent. GDP finally achieved its singular status during World War II, assuming the importance it retains today. Lepenies’s absorbing account helps us understand the personalities and popular events that propelled GDP to supremacy and clarifies current debates over the wisdom of the number’s rule.Less
Widely used since the mid-twentieth century, GDP (gross domestic product) has become the world’s most powerful statistical indicator of national development and progress. Practically all governments adhere to the idea that GDP growth is a primary economic target, and while criticism of this measure has grown, neither its champions nor its detractors deny its central importance in our political culture. In The Power of a Single Number, Philipp Lepenies recounts the lively history of GDP’s political acceptance—and eventual dominance. Locating the origins of GDP measurements in Renaissance England, Lepenies explores the social and political factors that originally hindered its use. It was not until the early 1900s that an ingenuous lone-wolf economist revived and honed GDP’s statistical approach. These ideas were then extended by John Maynard Keynes, and a more focused study of national income was born. American economists furthered this work by emphasizing GDP’s ties to social well-being, setting the stage for its ascent. GDP finally achieved its singular status during World War II, assuming the importance it retains today. Lepenies’s absorbing account helps us understand the personalities and popular events that propelled GDP to supremacy and clarifies current debates over the wisdom of the number’s rule.
Alexander MacDonald
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300219326
- eISBN:
- 9780300227888
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300219326.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
The early years of the twenty-first century have seen the rise to prominence of private-sector American spaceflight. The result is a new phase of space development—one where human spaceflight is no ...
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The early years of the twenty-first century have seen the rise to prominence of private-sector American spaceflight. The result is a new phase of space development—one where human spaceflight is no longer the exclusive domain of governments, but an activity increasingly driven by the interests and motivations of individuals and corporations. In order to understand this phenomenon, we need to examine the long-run economic history of American space exploration. This book examines three critical phases of that history. The first phase is the financing and construction of American astronomical observatories from Colonial America to the middle of the twentieth century. The second is the career of Robert Goddard, the American father of liquid-fuel rocketry, whose efforts constituted the world’s first spaceflight development program. The third is the American political history of the Cold War ‘Space Race’ and subsequent NASA human spaceflight initiatives in the twentieth century. Examining these episodes from an economic perspective results in a new view of American space exploration—one where personal initiative and private funding have been dominant long-run trends, where the demand for impressive public signals has funded large space exploration projects across two centuries, and where government leadership in the field is a relatively recent phenomenon.Less
The early years of the twenty-first century have seen the rise to prominence of private-sector American spaceflight. The result is a new phase of space development—one where human spaceflight is no longer the exclusive domain of governments, but an activity increasingly driven by the interests and motivations of individuals and corporations. In order to understand this phenomenon, we need to examine the long-run economic history of American space exploration. This book examines three critical phases of that history. The first phase is the financing and construction of American astronomical observatories from Colonial America to the middle of the twentieth century. The second is the career of Robert Goddard, the American father of liquid-fuel rocketry, whose efforts constituted the world’s first spaceflight development program. The third is the American political history of the Cold War ‘Space Race’ and subsequent NASA human spaceflight initiatives in the twentieth century. Examining these episodes from an economic perspective results in a new view of American space exploration—one where personal initiative and private funding have been dominant long-run trends, where the demand for impressive public signals has funded large space exploration projects across two centuries, and where government leadership in the field is a relatively recent phenomenon.
Xenophon
Gregory A. McBrayer (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781501718496
- eISBN:
- 9781501718519
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501718496.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This volume contains new, literal translations of Xenophon’s eight shorter writings along with interpretive essays on each work: Hiero, or The Skilled Tyrant; Agesilaus; Regime of the Lacedaemonians; ...
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This volume contains new, literal translations of Xenophon’s eight shorter writings along with interpretive essays on each work: Hiero, or The Skilled Tyrant; Agesilaus; Regime of the Lacedaemonians; Regime of the Athenians; Ways and Means, or On Revenue; The Skilled Cavalry Commander; On Horsemanship; and The One Skilled at Hunting with Dogs. The Agesilaos is a eulogy of a Spartan king, and the Hiero, or the Skilled Tyrant recounts a searching dialogue between a poet and a tyrant. The Regime of the Lacedaemonians presents itself as a laudatory examination of what turns out to be an oligarchic regime of a certain type, while The Regime of the Athenians offers an unflattering picture of a democratic regime. Ways and Means, or On Revenues offers suggestions on how to improve the political economy of Athens’ troubled democracy. The other three works included here—The Skilled Cavalry Commander, On Horsemanship, and The One Skilled at Hunting with Dogs—treat skills that are appropriate for gentlemen. By bringing together Xenophon’s shorter writings, this volume aims to help all those interested in Xenophon understand better the core of his thought, political as well as philosophic.Less
This volume contains new, literal translations of Xenophon’s eight shorter writings along with interpretive essays on each work: Hiero, or The Skilled Tyrant; Agesilaus; Regime of the Lacedaemonians; Regime of the Athenians; Ways and Means, or On Revenue; The Skilled Cavalry Commander; On Horsemanship; and The One Skilled at Hunting with Dogs. The Agesilaos is a eulogy of a Spartan king, and the Hiero, or the Skilled Tyrant recounts a searching dialogue between a poet and a tyrant. The Regime of the Lacedaemonians presents itself as a laudatory examination of what turns out to be an oligarchic regime of a certain type, while The Regime of the Athenians offers an unflattering picture of a democratic regime. Ways and Means, or On Revenues offers suggestions on how to improve the political economy of Athens’ troubled democracy. The other three works included here—The Skilled Cavalry Commander, On Horsemanship, and The One Skilled at Hunting with Dogs—treat skills that are appropriate for gentlemen. By bringing together Xenophon’s shorter writings, this volume aims to help all those interested in Xenophon understand better the core of his thought, political as well as philosophic.
Philipp Lepenies
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231175104
- eISBN:
- 9780231541435
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231175104.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
Provides a summary and talks in detail about recent international initiatives to complement or replace GDP. Makes the point that GDP sits firmly in the saddle because together with the idea of growth ...
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Provides a summary and talks in detail about recent international initiatives to complement or replace GDP. Makes the point that GDP sits firmly in the saddle because together with the idea of growth , the notion that production is the most desirable goal (instead of issues of distribution) is still the basis of most political beliefs - and an in-depth knowledge of history is helpful to understand why this is so and so difficult to change.Less
Provides a summary and talks in detail about recent international initiatives to complement or replace GDP. Makes the point that GDP sits firmly in the saddle because together with the idea of growth , the notion that production is the most desirable goal (instead of issues of distribution) is still the basis of most political beliefs - and an in-depth knowledge of history is helpful to understand why this is so and so difficult to change.
Ralph Davis
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780986497384
- eISBN:
- 9781786944467
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497384.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This volume is a reprint of Ralph Davis’ seminal 1962 book, The Rise of the English Shipping Industry in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The aim was to examine the economic reasons for the ...
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This volume is a reprint of Ralph Davis’ seminal 1962 book, The Rise of the English Shipping Industry in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The aim was to examine the economic reasons for the growth of British shipping before the arrival of modern technology, with a particular attention on overseas trade. The study can roughly be divided into two halves. The first is an in-depth exploration the roles within the shipping industry, from shipbuilders and shipowners to seamen and masters, from an economic perspective. The second is a chapter-by-chapter review of British overseas trade with Northern Europe, Southern Europe, the Mediterranean, East India, and America and the West Indies. The final two chapters diverge from the main sections, and focus on the interplay between government, war, and shipping. Davis attaches no extra significance to any particular nation or role, and offers an even-handed approach to maritime history still considered rare in the present day. Costs, profits, voyage estimates, ship-prices, and earnings all come under close and equal scrutiny as Davis seeks to understand the trades and developments in shipping during the period. To conclude, he places the study into a broader historical context and discovers that shipping played a measured but crucial role in the development of industrialisation and English economic development. This edition includes an introduction by the series editor; Davis’ introduction and preface; seventeen analytical chapters; a concluding chapter; two appendices concerning shipping statistics and sources; and a comprehensive index.Less
This volume is a reprint of Ralph Davis’ seminal 1962 book, The Rise of the English Shipping Industry in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The aim was to examine the economic reasons for the growth of British shipping before the arrival of modern technology, with a particular attention on overseas trade. The study can roughly be divided into two halves. The first is an in-depth exploration the roles within the shipping industry, from shipbuilders and shipowners to seamen and masters, from an economic perspective. The second is a chapter-by-chapter review of British overseas trade with Northern Europe, Southern Europe, the Mediterranean, East India, and America and the West Indies. The final two chapters diverge from the main sections, and focus on the interplay between government, war, and shipping. Davis attaches no extra significance to any particular nation or role, and offers an even-handed approach to maritime history still considered rare in the present day. Costs, profits, voyage estimates, ship-prices, and earnings all come under close and equal scrutiny as Davis seeks to understand the trades and developments in shipping during the period. To conclude, he places the study into a broader historical context and discovers that shipping played a measured but crucial role in the development of industrialisation and English economic development. This edition includes an introduction by the series editor; Davis’ introduction and preface; seventeen analytical chapters; a concluding chapter; two appendices concerning shipping statistics and sources; and a comprehensive index.
Martin Andersson and Tobias Axelsson (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198737407
- eISBN:
- 9780191800788
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198737407.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book analyzes experiences of and possibilities for developing countries to catch up by providing a set of analytical interpretations of development experiences that with different degrees of ...
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This book analyzes experiences of and possibilities for developing countries to catch up by providing a set of analytical interpretations of development experiences that with different degrees of success have taken place in Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the growth performance across the developing world over the last decades, it offers thorough accounts of the possibilities of engagement in such processes in an increasingly globalized world. The compilation of chapters shows the diversity and variation of development pathways that entail valuable lessons and implications for how to approach this difficult question. It shows the importance of acknowledging that the process of development is dynamic and that the possibilities for catch-up are situation dependent. At the same time it makes clear that without structural change, in particular the agricultural transformation, sustained catching up is unlikely to happen. Instead of clinging on to universal templates, the analysis of current growth processes in the developing world will be enriched by paying closer attention to the multifaceted nature of both economic backwardness and successful pathways to escape it. The chapters of this volume, situated in the borderland of Economic History and Development Economics, are pertinent examples of how the research agenda about long-term development and catching up can be informed.Less
This book analyzes experiences of and possibilities for developing countries to catch up by providing a set of analytical interpretations of development experiences that with different degrees of success have taken place in Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the growth performance across the developing world over the last decades, it offers thorough accounts of the possibilities of engagement in such processes in an increasingly globalized world. The compilation of chapters shows the diversity and variation of development pathways that entail valuable lessons and implications for how to approach this difficult question. It shows the importance of acknowledging that the process of development is dynamic and that the possibilities for catch-up are situation dependent. At the same time it makes clear that without structural change, in particular the agricultural transformation, sustained catching up is unlikely to happen. Instead of clinging on to universal templates, the analysis of current growth processes in the developing world will be enriched by paying closer attention to the multifaceted nature of both economic backwardness and successful pathways to escape it. The chapters of this volume, situated in the borderland of Economic History and Development Economics, are pertinent examples of how the research agenda about long-term development and catching up can be informed.
Chris Miller
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469630175
- eISBN:
- 9781469630199
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469630175.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
For half a century the Soviet economy was inefficient but stable. In the late 1980s, to the surprise of nearly everyone, it suddenly collapsed. Why did this happen? And what role did Soviet leader ...
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For half a century the Soviet economy was inefficient but stable. In the late 1980s, to the surprise of nearly everyone, it suddenly collapsed. Why did this happen? And what role did Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's economic reforms play in the country's dissolution? In this groundbreaking study, Chris Miller shows that Gorbachev and his allies tried to learn from the great success story of transitions from socialism to capitalism, Deng Xiaoping's China. Why, then, were efforts to revitalize Soviet socialism so much less successful than in China?
Making use of never-before-studied documents from the Soviet politburo and other archives, Miller argues that the difference between the Soviet Union and China--and the ultimate cause of the Soviet collapse--was not economics but politics. The Soviet government was divided by bitter conflict, and Gorbachev, the ostensible Soviet autocrat, was unable to outmaneuver the interest groups that were threatened by his economic reforms. Miller's analysis settles long-standing debates about the politics and economics of perestroika, transforming our understanding of the causes of the Soviet Union's rapid demise.Less
For half a century the Soviet economy was inefficient but stable. In the late 1980s, to the surprise of nearly everyone, it suddenly collapsed. Why did this happen? And what role did Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's economic reforms play in the country's dissolution? In this groundbreaking study, Chris Miller shows that Gorbachev and his allies tried to learn from the great success story of transitions from socialism to capitalism, Deng Xiaoping's China. Why, then, were efforts to revitalize Soviet socialism so much less successful than in China?
Making use of never-before-studied documents from the Soviet politburo and other archives, Miller argues that the difference between the Soviet Union and China--and the ultimate cause of the Soviet collapse--was not economics but politics. The Soviet government was divided by bitter conflict, and Gorbachev, the ostensible Soviet autocrat, was unable to outmaneuver the interest groups that were threatened by his economic reforms. Miller's analysis settles long-standing debates about the politics and economics of perestroika, transforming our understanding of the causes of the Soviet Union's rapid demise.
Christopher Miller
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940667
- eISBN:
- 9781786944412
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781786940667.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
In a time of great need for Britain, a small coterie of influential businessmen gained access to secret information on industrial mobilisation as advisers to the Principal Supply Officers Committee. ...
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In a time of great need for Britain, a small coterie of influential businessmen gained access to secret information on industrial mobilisation as advisers to the Principal Supply Officers Committee. They provided the state with priceless advice, but, as “insiders” utilised their access to information to build a business empire at a fraction of the normal costs. Outsiders, in contrast, lacked influence and were forced together into a defensive “ring” – or cartel – which effectively fixed prices for British warships. By the 1930s, the cartel grew into one of the most sophisticated profiteering groups of its day. This book examines the relationship between the private naval armaments industry, businessmen, and the British government defence planners between the wars. It reassesses the concept of the military-industrial complex through the impact of disarmament upon private industry, the role of leading industrialists in supply and procurement policy, and the successes and failings of government organisation. It blends together political, naval, and business history in new ways, and, by situating the business activities of industrialists alongside their work as government advisors, sheds new light on the operation of the British state. This is the story of how these men profited while effectively saving the National Government from itself.Less
In a time of great need for Britain, a small coterie of influential businessmen gained access to secret information on industrial mobilisation as advisers to the Principal Supply Officers Committee. They provided the state with priceless advice, but, as “insiders” utilised their access to information to build a business empire at a fraction of the normal costs. Outsiders, in contrast, lacked influence and were forced together into a defensive “ring” – or cartel – which effectively fixed prices for British warships. By the 1930s, the cartel grew into one of the most sophisticated profiteering groups of its day. This book examines the relationship between the private naval armaments industry, businessmen, and the British government defence planners between the wars. It reassesses the concept of the military-industrial complex through the impact of disarmament upon private industry, the role of leading industrialists in supply and procurement policy, and the successes and failings of government organisation. It blends together political, naval, and business history in new ways, and, by situating the business activities of industrialists alongside their work as government advisors, sheds new light on the operation of the British state. This is the story of how these men profited while effectively saving the National Government from itself.
Ramprasad Sengupta
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198081654
- eISBN:
- 9780199082407
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198081654.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The introductory chapter describes the scopes of the sciences of ecology and economics pointing out how the former analyses the life process in biosphere abstracting from human society while the ...
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The introductory chapter describes the scopes of the sciences of ecology and economics pointing out how the former analyses the life process in biosphere abstracting from human society while the latter analyses the behaviour of human well being as driven by the processes of production and exchange of commodities abstracting from the nature. It shows the limitation of such segmentation of scopes and points to the necessity of a holistic approach for understanding the interactive relationship between the human economy and the natural environment. This relationship as determined by the laws of entropy and material balances sets ecological limits to the growth and development of an economy expressed in the forms of resource scarcity and environmental degradation. Finally, the chapter has also traced the roles of the natural resources or the bio-physical foundation of production in the evolution of economic thought from the physiocrats to the neoclassicals of modern times.Less
The introductory chapter describes the scopes of the sciences of ecology and economics pointing out how the former analyses the life process in biosphere abstracting from human society while the latter analyses the behaviour of human well being as driven by the processes of production and exchange of commodities abstracting from the nature. It shows the limitation of such segmentation of scopes and points to the necessity of a holistic approach for understanding the interactive relationship between the human economy and the natural environment. This relationship as determined by the laws of entropy and material balances sets ecological limits to the growth and development of an economy expressed in the forms of resource scarcity and environmental degradation. Finally, the chapter has also traced the roles of the natural resources or the bio-physical foundation of production in the evolution of economic thought from the physiocrats to the neoclassicals of modern times.
Martin Andersson and Tobias Axelsson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198737407
- eISBN:
- 9780191800788
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198737407.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The chapter introduces the overriding question of the volume—whether poor countries can catch up—by providing an overview of theories and approaches that have contributed to this discussion. It ...
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The chapter introduces the overriding question of the volume—whether poor countries can catch up—by providing an overview of theories and approaches that have contributed to this discussion. It argues for the importance of introducing to the analysis the role of structural transformation and to acknowledge that the conditions for economic development vary from case to case. Instead of clinging on to universal templates to be emulated for best result, the analysis of current growth processes in the developing world may be enriched if closer attention is paid to the multifaceted nature of economic backwardness and the successful pathways of catching up taking place in Asia. The chapter introduces the different contributions of the volume, situated in the borderland of Economic History and Development Economics, as pertinent examples of how the research agenda about long-term development and catching up can be enlightened.Less
The chapter introduces the overriding question of the volume—whether poor countries can catch up—by providing an overview of theories and approaches that have contributed to this discussion. It argues for the importance of introducing to the analysis the role of structural transformation and to acknowledge that the conditions for economic development vary from case to case. Instead of clinging on to universal templates to be emulated for best result, the analysis of current growth processes in the developing world may be enriched if closer attention is paid to the multifaceted nature of economic backwardness and the successful pathways of catching up taking place in Asia. The chapter introduces the different contributions of the volume, situated in the borderland of Economic History and Development Economics, as pertinent examples of how the research agenda about long-term development and catching up can be enlightened.
Jochen Bläsing and Ton Langenhuyzen
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780968128848
- eISBN:
- 9781786944801
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780968128848.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter follows the modernisation of Dutch sea transport through three strands - shipping, shipbuilding, and the port industry - in relation to the economic recovery of the Netherlands ...
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This chapter follows the modernisation of Dutch sea transport through three strands - shipping, shipbuilding, and the port industry - in relation to the economic recovery of the Netherlands throughout the nineteenth century. It also explores the rapid industrialisation of Germany and the impact this had on the Netherlands. It concludes by asserting that both the modernisation of Dutch sea transport facilities, plus the shipment of goods to Germany, were the key factors that enabled Dutch economic expansion during the latter half of the nineteenth century.Less
This chapter follows the modernisation of Dutch sea transport through three strands - shipping, shipbuilding, and the port industry - in relation to the economic recovery of the Netherlands throughout the nineteenth century. It also explores the rapid industrialisation of Germany and the impact this had on the Netherlands. It concludes by asserting that both the modernisation of Dutch sea transport facilities, plus the shipment of goods to Germany, were the key factors that enabled Dutch economic expansion during the latter half of the nineteenth century.
Anita Rupprecht
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719091834
- eISBN:
- 9781781707890
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091834.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Anita Rupprecht examines arguments about the transition from slavery in the period c.1790 and 1833 in relation to three main themes. First, the discourses of political economy combined an economic ...
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Anita Rupprecht examines arguments about the transition from slavery in the period c.1790 and 1833 in relation to three main themes. First, the discourses of political economy combined an economic critique of mercantilism and a moral argument. It was the conjunction of these elements which energised much of the early abolitionist movement. Second, the Abolition Act of 1807 acted as a conduit funnelling rescued Africans to the Caribbean as indentured servants or to bolster the British West Indian forces against the French. The Act inaugurated the policy of ‘apprenticeship’ that came to pass for ‘emancipation’ after 1833. Moreover, it was partly abolitionist ideas which were responsible for apprenticeship. Third, the many arguments about emancipation are to be heard in the Royal Commission of 1821 investigating the conditions of Caribbean indentured servants. The Commission showed the many-sided character of the debates about what regimes of labour should succeed slavery.Less
Anita Rupprecht examines arguments about the transition from slavery in the period c.1790 and 1833 in relation to three main themes. First, the discourses of political economy combined an economic critique of mercantilism and a moral argument. It was the conjunction of these elements which energised much of the early abolitionist movement. Second, the Abolition Act of 1807 acted as a conduit funnelling rescued Africans to the Caribbean as indentured servants or to bolster the British West Indian forces against the French. The Act inaugurated the policy of ‘apprenticeship’ that came to pass for ‘emancipation’ after 1833. Moreover, it was partly abolitionist ideas which were responsible for apprenticeship. Third, the many arguments about emancipation are to be heard in the Royal Commission of 1821 investigating the conditions of Caribbean indentured servants. The Commission showed the many-sided character of the debates about what regimes of labour should succeed slavery.
Heather Cateau
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719091834
- eISBN:
- 9781781707890
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091834.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Following emancipation in 1833 there was an increasing divergence in British colonial policy and thinking about the empire between, on the one hand, the treatment of those freed from enslavement and ...
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Following emancipation in 1833 there was an increasing divergence in British colonial policy and thinking about the empire between, on the one hand, the treatment of those freed from enslavement and the conditions of migrant non-European indentured labour and on the other aboriginal peoples. As white settler societies expanded, aboriginal peoples were increasingly dispossessed, murdered and systematically disadvantaged. In this chapter, Zoë Laidlaw examines the ramifications of this disjuncture in the work of both organisations like the Aborigines Protection Society and in men like Earl Grey, one of the key imperial politicians of the age. The disjuncture is also apparent in much work in imperial history. In order to overcome this it is argued that bringing together the threads of connections between different imperial sites we can better understand the nature of the imperial state and bring into the same framework indigenous dispossession and slavery and labour exploitation.Less
Following emancipation in 1833 there was an increasing divergence in British colonial policy and thinking about the empire between, on the one hand, the treatment of those freed from enslavement and the conditions of migrant non-European indentured labour and on the other aboriginal peoples. As white settler societies expanded, aboriginal peoples were increasingly dispossessed, murdered and systematically disadvantaged. In this chapter, Zoë Laidlaw examines the ramifications of this disjuncture in the work of both organisations like the Aborigines Protection Society and in men like Earl Grey, one of the key imperial politicians of the age. The disjuncture is also apparent in much work in imperial history. In order to overcome this it is argued that bringing together the threads of connections between different imperial sites we can better understand the nature of the imperial state and bring into the same framework indigenous dispossession and slavery and labour exploitation.
Nina Macaraig
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474434102
- eISBN:
- 9781474460262
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474434102.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter describes how the hamam began to show signs of aging. This included a redefinition of its economic family relations, as it became a burden to the endowment and was rented out according ...
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This chapter describes how the hamam began to show signs of aging. This included a redefinition of its economic family relations, as it became a burden to the endowment and was rented out according to a practice that approximated the status of renters to that of owners. Furthermore, old age now meant that after a disastrous fire in 1865 novel city planning practices assigned less value to the sixteenth-century structure and allowed the monument to be mutilated for the sake of building a European-style boulevard wide enough for tramway traffic. At the same time, the hamam took on a new identity as an emblem of Ottoman cultural heritage to be displayed at nineteenth-century world fairs and exhibitions which required each nation to represent itself by easily recognizable architectural icons. With the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, this split identity continued: on the one hand, hamams constituted an old, redundant institution standing for the Ottoman Empire and lifestyle, resulting in neglect and destruction; on the other hand, they were part of the cultural heritage that every nation-state needs to legitimise itself. Nevertheless, the Çemberlitaş Hamamı managed to survive for practical reasons, as it still provided hygiene and entertainment.Less
This chapter describes how the hamam began to show signs of aging. This included a redefinition of its economic family relations, as it became a burden to the endowment and was rented out according to a practice that approximated the status of renters to that of owners. Furthermore, old age now meant that after a disastrous fire in 1865 novel city planning practices assigned less value to the sixteenth-century structure and allowed the monument to be mutilated for the sake of building a European-style boulevard wide enough for tramway traffic. At the same time, the hamam took on a new identity as an emblem of Ottoman cultural heritage to be displayed at nineteenth-century world fairs and exhibitions which required each nation to represent itself by easily recognizable architectural icons. With the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, this split identity continued: on the one hand, hamams constituted an old, redundant institution standing for the Ottoman Empire and lifestyle, resulting in neglect and destruction; on the other hand, they were part of the cultural heritage that every nation-state needs to legitimise itself. Nevertheless, the Çemberlitaş Hamamı managed to survive for practical reasons, as it still provided hygiene and entertainment.
Nina Macaraig
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474434102
- eISBN:
- 9781474460262
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474434102.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter describes the hamam’s original appearance and how it began to take up work, having been readied for business with a supply of water and wood for fuel. The hamam’s employees (hamam ...
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This chapter describes the hamam’s original appearance and how it began to take up work, having been readied for business with a supply of water and wood for fuel. The hamam’s employees (hamam managers, bathhouse attendants, servants, furnace stokers, and many others) and their organization in guilds make up one group of people connected to the monument, which can be identified based on archival and visual sources with relative certainty. More difficult to identify are the bathers; however, an analysis of the hamam’s neighbourhood’s make-up allows some answers. This chapter also provides a more detailed view of the hamam’s economic relation to the endowment, by looking at its income from entrance fees and at how much exactly it contributed to the endowment’s total income.Less
This chapter describes the hamam’s original appearance and how it began to take up work, having been readied for business with a supply of water and wood for fuel. The hamam’s employees (hamam managers, bathhouse attendants, servants, furnace stokers, and many others) and their organization in guilds make up one group of people connected to the monument, which can be identified based on archival and visual sources with relative certainty. More difficult to identify are the bathers; however, an analysis of the hamam’s neighbourhood’s make-up allows some answers. This chapter also provides a more detailed view of the hamam’s economic relation to the endowment, by looking at its income from entrance fees and at how much exactly it contributed to the endowment’s total income.
Nina Macaraig
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474434102
- eISBN:
- 9781474460262
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474434102.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter describes the endowment that Nurbanu Sultan established, including a Friday mosque with many dependencies (schools, hospital, soup kitchen, inn) on the hills of Üsküdar. Furthermore, it ...
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This chapter describes the endowment that Nurbanu Sultan established, including a Friday mosque with many dependencies (schools, hospital, soup kitchen, inn) on the hills of Üsküdar. Furthermore, it analyses the economic relations between the charitable and the revenue-generating buildings and properties. Among these revenue-generating buildings counted the Çemberlitaş Hamamı, together with the Atik Valide Hamamı and the Büyük Hamam and the Havuzlu Hamam. Like a large, immobile grandee who lived a pious life in his mansion, distributing charity in the form of food, money and medicine to his kapı halkı, his retinue of dependents living in the neighbourhood, the mosque complex was not able to conduct the business necessary to sponsor that charity. Rather, it sent out its four sons (the four hamams) and relatives of its sons’ generation (residences, shops, workshops, mansions, farms and pastures) to do business on its behalf and to generate the large sums of money it needed to sustain itself and its philanthropic activities.Less
This chapter describes the endowment that Nurbanu Sultan established, including a Friday mosque with many dependencies (schools, hospital, soup kitchen, inn) on the hills of Üsküdar. Furthermore, it analyses the economic relations between the charitable and the revenue-generating buildings and properties. Among these revenue-generating buildings counted the Çemberlitaş Hamamı, together with the Atik Valide Hamamı and the Büyük Hamam and the Havuzlu Hamam. Like a large, immobile grandee who lived a pious life in his mansion, distributing charity in the form of food, money and medicine to his kapı halkı, his retinue of dependents living in the neighbourhood, the mosque complex was not able to conduct the business necessary to sponsor that charity. Rather, it sent out its four sons (the four hamams) and relatives of its sons’ generation (residences, shops, workshops, mansions, farms and pastures) to do business on its behalf and to generate the large sums of money it needed to sustain itself and its philanthropic activities.
