Nicholas Crafts
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263471
- eISBN:
- 9780191734786
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263471.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter is concerned with state policies and institutional arrangements that have figured prominently in the recent East Asian ‘economic miracle’, and assesses the significance of the financial ...
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This chapter is concerned with state policies and institutional arrangements that have figured prominently in the recent East Asian ‘economic miracle’, and assesses the significance of the financial crisis that overtook the newly industrializing countries (NICs) at the end of the 1990s. It employs a historical perspective within which to view the rapid transition of the NICs in the final quarter of the twentieth century.Less
This chapter is concerned with state policies and institutional arrangements that have figured prominently in the recent East Asian ‘economic miracle’, and assesses the significance of the financial crisis that overtook the newly industrializing countries (NICs) at the end of the 1990s. It employs a historical perspective within which to view the rapid transition of the NICs in the final quarter of the twentieth century.
Mark Selden
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199646210
- eISBN:
- 9780191741630
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199646210.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter provides a historical and regional backdrop to the interplay of economic and geopolitical nationalism and regionalism in contemporary East Asia. A brief survey of East Asia from the ...
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This chapter provides a historical and regional backdrop to the interplay of economic and geopolitical nationalism and regionalism in contemporary East Asia. A brief survey of East Asia from the sixteenth to the late twentieth century covering the Sinocentric tributary trade system, colonial rule, world wars, and the rise of revolutions and nationalism sets the stage for the analysis of the resurgence of contemporary East Asia and China and the changing face of regional geopolitics and political economy. The central question he asks is how the post-1970s resurgence and transformation of East Asia can be conceptualized in relation to three major forces: economic and geopolitical nationalism, regionalism, and globalism? The East Asian regional order continues to be driven by competitive nationalisms and the role of the US, which is simultaneously framed by China’s rise as a dominant regional and international economic power.Less
This chapter provides a historical and regional backdrop to the interplay of economic and geopolitical nationalism and regionalism in contemporary East Asia. A brief survey of East Asia from the sixteenth to the late twentieth century covering the Sinocentric tributary trade system, colonial rule, world wars, and the rise of revolutions and nationalism sets the stage for the analysis of the resurgence of contemporary East Asia and China and the changing face of regional geopolitics and political economy. The central question he asks is how the post-1970s resurgence and transformation of East Asia can be conceptualized in relation to three major forces: economic and geopolitical nationalism, regionalism, and globalism? The East Asian regional order continues to be driven by competitive nationalisms and the role of the US, which is simultaneously framed by China’s rise as a dominant regional and international economic power.
WILLIAM A. CALLAHAN
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264089
- eISBN:
- 9780191734809
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264089.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter discusses the logics of regionalism in Europe and Asia, comparing European institutional governance with East Asian cultural/ethical governance. It notes that these are not antinomies: ...
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This chapter discusses the logics of regionalism in Europe and Asia, comparing European institutional governance with East Asian cultural/ethical governance. It notes that these are not antinomies: both rules and culture are used by those in power to regulate not just what people can do, but what they can be. Where Europeans and Asians differ first is in the sequencing of these alternative logics. Europeans have got themselves in a position where the ethics and culture of being ‘European’ are largely interpreted in the context of institutional conformity. Asians conversely regard institutional conformity as threatening and privilege regional arrangements that defend ethical and cultural integrity. Europe's supranational politics operate from the centre to the periphery; Asia's transnational politics operate from the periphery to the centre.Less
This chapter discusses the logics of regionalism in Europe and Asia, comparing European institutional governance with East Asian cultural/ethical governance. It notes that these are not antinomies: both rules and culture are used by those in power to regulate not just what people can do, but what they can be. Where Europeans and Asians differ first is in the sequencing of these alternative logics. Europeans have got themselves in a position where the ethics and culture of being ‘European’ are largely interpreted in the context of institutional conformity. Asians conversely regard institutional conformity as threatening and privilege regional arrangements that defend ethical and cultural integrity. Europe's supranational politics operate from the centre to the periphery; Asia's transnational politics operate from the periphery to the centre.
Beng Huat Chua and Koichi Iwabuchi (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098923
- eISBN:
- 9789882206885
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098923.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
In this book, an international group of contributors provide a multi-layered analysis of the emerging East Asian media culture, using the Korean TV drama as its analytic vehicle. This collection of ...
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In this book, an international group of contributors provide a multi-layered analysis of the emerging East Asian media culture, using the Korean TV drama as its analytic vehicle. This collection of essays is also the result of a workshop organized by the Cultural Studies in Asia Research Cluster at the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore. The aim of the Cluster is to promote collaborative research in contemporary cultural practices which are influenced by intensifying transnational exchanges across historical, linguistic and cultural boundaries in Asia.Less
In this book, an international group of contributors provide a multi-layered analysis of the emerging East Asian media culture, using the Korean TV drama as its analytic vehicle. This collection of essays is also the result of a workshop organized by the Cultural Studies in Asia Research Cluster at the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore. The aim of the Cluster is to promote collaborative research in contemporary cultural practices which are influenced by intensifying transnational exchanges across historical, linguistic and cultural boundaries in Asia.
Michael Keevak
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691140315
- eISBN:
- 9781400838608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691140315.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter examines how East Asians were seen by medieval travel narrators and missionaries before they became yellow at the end of the eighteenth century. The story begins in 1511, when the ...
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This chapter examines how East Asians were seen by medieval travel narrators and missionaries before they became yellow at the end of the eighteenth century. The story begins in 1511, when the Portuguese established a permanent outpost for East Asian trade at Malacca. Persistent rumors of “white” people in the Far East had turned into a reality, as both Chinese and Japanese (as well as Arabs and other East Asians) became a common sight. The “whiteness” of these people was constantly highlighted as a term that described their presumed level of civilization. The chapter considers a number of surviving accounts by merchants and (later) missionaries that are full of references to the whiteness of both Chinese and Japanese natives, including those attributed to Tomé Pires and Duarte Barbosa. It also explores how Western descriptions of East Asian people shifted from calling them white to calling them yellow.Less
This chapter examines how East Asians were seen by medieval travel narrators and missionaries before they became yellow at the end of the eighteenth century. The story begins in 1511, when the Portuguese established a permanent outpost for East Asian trade at Malacca. Persistent rumors of “white” people in the Far East had turned into a reality, as both Chinese and Japanese (as well as Arabs and other East Asians) became a common sight. The “whiteness” of these people was constantly highlighted as a term that described their presumed level of civilization. The chapter considers a number of surviving accounts by merchants and (later) missionaries that are full of references to the whiteness of both Chinese and Japanese natives, including those attributed to Tomé Pires and Duarte Barbosa. It also explores how Western descriptions of East Asian people shifted from calling them white to calling them yellow.
Fred Rothbaum and Yan Z. Wang
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195383430
- eISBN:
- 9780199827176
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195383430.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter examines how parental acceptance of children and the surrounding world influence children's acceptance of self and the world. While conceptions of parental acceptance are assumed to be ...
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This chapter examines how parental acceptance of children and the surrounding world influence children's acceptance of self and the world. While conceptions of parental acceptance are assumed to be universal, they are primarily based on European American values and research. Due to different cultural views of the self and world as malleable versus fixed, parents differ in the target of their acceptance—children's individual selves or the surrounding world. Parental acceptance also differs in that in can be evaluative or non-evaluative. Evidence suggests that European American as compared to East Asian caregivers are relatively more accepting of their children's individual selves and that they emphasize positive evaluation. By contrast, East Asian caregivers are relatively more accepting of the world surrounding their children and they provide relatively non-evaluative acknowledgement. As important socialization agents, parents' acceptance of children versus the world affects children's acceptance of self versus the world.Less
This chapter examines how parental acceptance of children and the surrounding world influence children's acceptance of self and the world. While conceptions of parental acceptance are assumed to be universal, they are primarily based on European American values and research. Due to different cultural views of the self and world as malleable versus fixed, parents differ in the target of their acceptance—children's individual selves or the surrounding world. Parental acceptance also differs in that in can be evaluative or non-evaluative. Evidence suggests that European American as compared to East Asian caregivers are relatively more accepting of their children's individual selves and that they emphasize positive evaluation. By contrast, East Asian caregivers are relatively more accepting of the world surrounding their children and they provide relatively non-evaluative acknowledgement. As important socialization agents, parents' acceptance of children versus the world affects children's acceptance of self versus the world.
Tania Lim
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098923
- eISBN:
- 9789882206885
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098923.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter demonstrates how media producers in East Asia mutually appropriate celebrities, icons, contents and program formats of East Asian pop culture for their own productions in their bid to ...
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This chapter demonstrates how media producers in East Asia mutually appropriate celebrities, icons, contents and program formats of East Asian pop culture for their own productions in their bid to garner stronger positions in their respective TV territories and the regional TV marketplace. It starts by addressing the general trends in programming and consumption, and structural changes that have contributed to the rise of regional networks of cultural production in East Asia. It also illustrates with examples how the Asian media productions form regional networks of cultural production that impact everyday lives. In addition, four modes of renting strategies that media producers or local broadcasters use to circulate popular cultural commodities from the region are explored, as responses to competition in the multi-channel universe of readily available international satellite TV channels and digital entertainment. Finally, there is a brief reflection on the potential of East Asian popular culture as a mechanism for compressing space among the diverse East Asian cultures and cities.Less
This chapter demonstrates how media producers in East Asia mutually appropriate celebrities, icons, contents and program formats of East Asian pop culture for their own productions in their bid to garner stronger positions in their respective TV territories and the regional TV marketplace. It starts by addressing the general trends in programming and consumption, and structural changes that have contributed to the rise of regional networks of cultural production in East Asia. It also illustrates with examples how the Asian media productions form regional networks of cultural production that impact everyday lives. In addition, four modes of renting strategies that media producers or local broadcasters use to circulate popular cultural commodities from the region are explored, as responses to competition in the multi-channel universe of readily available international satellite TV channels and digital entertainment. Finally, there is a brief reflection on the potential of East Asian popular culture as a mechanism for compressing space among the diverse East Asian cultures and cities.
Michael Keevak
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691140315
- eISBN:
- 9781400838608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691140315.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This book investigates when and how East Asians became yellow in the Western imagination. It follows a trajectory that emphasizes an important shift in thinking about race during the course of the ...
More
This book investigates when and how East Asians became yellow in the Western imagination. It follows a trajectory that emphasizes an important shift in thinking about race during the course of the eighteenth century, when new sorts of human taxonomies began to appear and new claims about the color of all human groups, including East Asians, were put forward. It also examines how the “yellow race” and “Mongolian” bodies became important subjects in nineteenth-century anthropology and medicine, respectively. “Mongolian” bodies, for example, were linked to certain conditions thought to be endemic in—or in some way associated with—the race as a whole, including the “Mongolian eye,” the “Mongolian spot,” and “Mongolism” (now known as Down syndrome). Finally, the book considers how the Far East came to be seen as a “yellow peril,” a term coined in 1895 and often attributed to Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany.Less
This book investigates when and how East Asians became yellow in the Western imagination. It follows a trajectory that emphasizes an important shift in thinking about race during the course of the eighteenth century, when new sorts of human taxonomies began to appear and new claims about the color of all human groups, including East Asians, were put forward. It also examines how the “yellow race” and “Mongolian” bodies became important subjects in nineteenth-century anthropology and medicine, respectively. “Mongolian” bodies, for example, were linked to certain conditions thought to be endemic in—or in some way associated with—the race as a whole, including the “Mongolian eye,” the “Mongolian spot,” and “Mongolism” (now known as Down syndrome). Finally, the book considers how the Far East came to be seen as a “yellow peril,” a term coined in 1895 and often attributed to Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany.
Michael Keevak
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691140315
- eISBN:
- 9781400838608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691140315.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter examines how the discourse of yellow not only became ubiquitous in the West, but also migrated into East Asian cultures during the period 1895–1920, giving rise to “the yellow peril”—the ...
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This chapter examines how the discourse of yellow not only became ubiquitous in the West, but also migrated into East Asian cultures during the period 1895–1920, giving rise to “the yellow peril”—the notion that East Asians were yellow and perilous. It begins with a historical background on how the Far East came to be seen as a “yellow peril,” a term coined in 1895 and generally credited to Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, specifically in response to Japan's defeat of China at the conclusion of the Sino-Japanese War (also known as “The Yellow War”). The chapter then considers how the Western concept of a “yellow race” was understood in China and Japan before concluding with a discussion of the ways in which yellowness persisted as a potentially dangerous and threatening racial category in the early twentieth century.Less
This chapter examines how the discourse of yellow not only became ubiquitous in the West, but also migrated into East Asian cultures during the period 1895–1920, giving rise to “the yellow peril”—the notion that East Asians were yellow and perilous. It begins with a historical background on how the Far East came to be seen as a “yellow peril,” a term coined in 1895 and generally credited to Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, specifically in response to Japan's defeat of China at the conclusion of the Sino-Japanese War (also known as “The Yellow War”). The chapter then considers how the Western concept of a “yellow race” was understood in China and Japan before concluding with a discussion of the ways in which yellowness persisted as a potentially dangerous and threatening racial category in the early twentieth century.
Charles Wyplosz
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199235889
- eISBN:
- 9780191717109
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235889.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines whether East Asia remains vulnerable to financial crises. Section 9.2 reminds us that this question would have received a negative answer even as late as in 1996. Section 9.3 ...
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This chapter examines whether East Asia remains vulnerable to financial crises. Section 9.2 reminds us that this question would have received a negative answer even as late as in 1996. Section 9.3 describes how the East Asian countries have endeavored since 1998 to protect themselves from a re-run of the traumatic events that are still haunting them. In particular, it argues that the spectacular build-up of foreign exchange reserves reduces, but does not eliminate, the odds of a crisis. Based on the three generations of crisis models, Section 9.4 seeks to identify the remaining vulnerabilities. The last section wraps up the previous conclusions and examines the policy options.Less
This chapter examines whether East Asia remains vulnerable to financial crises. Section 9.2 reminds us that this question would have received a negative answer even as late as in 1996. Section 9.3 describes how the East Asian countries have endeavored since 1998 to protect themselves from a re-run of the traumatic events that are still haunting them. In particular, it argues that the spectacular build-up of foreign exchange reserves reduces, but does not eliminate, the odds of a crisis. Based on the three generations of crisis models, Section 9.4 seeks to identify the remaining vulnerabilities. The last section wraps up the previous conclusions and examines the policy options.
Farah Godrej
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199782062
- eISBN:
- 9780199919123
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199782062.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, Comparative Politics
The concluding chapter asks how our analysis has deepened, or reconfigured the concept of cosmopolitanism we began with. Cosmopolitanism in political thought is ongoing displacement by scholars who ...
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The concluding chapter asks how our analysis has deepened, or reconfigured the concept of cosmopolitanism we began with. Cosmopolitanism in political thought is ongoing displacement by scholars who are located, at different times, in different relations of insidership and outsidership to different traditions. It is continuing destabilization; it is continuing confrontations with the hegemony of liberalism’s normative and structural hegemony. Cosmopolitanism becomes an ongoing set of practices by scholars themselves, a series of methodological interventions which, through the disciplined carrying-out of dislocative and relocative practices, leads to a shift in disciplinary self-understanding. Rather than the current status quo, in which challenges to liberalism’s hegemony are easily domesticated at the margins, we must seek a move towards a condition in which liberalism, along with other Westcentric presumptions and modes of thought, takes its place in a series of plural and co-eval engagements of thinkers and texts and ideas from all traditions with one another. It is from this possibility that we can begin to envision a political theory beyond Eurocentrism, after the presumptions of Eurocentrism’s primacy have been challenged and disestablished. Examples of such challenges are offered through the East Asian values debate, and the concept of veiling in Islam.Less
The concluding chapter asks how our analysis has deepened, or reconfigured the concept of cosmopolitanism we began with. Cosmopolitanism in political thought is ongoing displacement by scholars who are located, at different times, in different relations of insidership and outsidership to different traditions. It is continuing destabilization; it is continuing confrontations with the hegemony of liberalism’s normative and structural hegemony. Cosmopolitanism becomes an ongoing set of practices by scholars themselves, a series of methodological interventions which, through the disciplined carrying-out of dislocative and relocative practices, leads to a shift in disciplinary self-understanding. Rather than the current status quo, in which challenges to liberalism’s hegemony are easily domesticated at the margins, we must seek a move towards a condition in which liberalism, along with other Westcentric presumptions and modes of thought, takes its place in a series of plural and co-eval engagements of thinkers and texts and ideas from all traditions with one another. It is from this possibility that we can begin to envision a political theory beyond Eurocentrism, after the presumptions of Eurocentrism’s primacy have been challenged and disestablished. Examples of such challenges are offered through the East Asian values debate, and the concept of veiling in Islam.
Michael Keevak
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691140315
- eISBN:
- 9781400838608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691140315.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter focuses on the emergence of new sorts of human taxonomies as well as new claims about the color of all human groups, including East Asians, during the course of the eighteenth century, ...
More
This chapter focuses on the emergence of new sorts of human taxonomies as well as new claims about the color of all human groups, including East Asians, during the course of the eighteenth century, as well as their racial implications. It first considers the theory advanced in 1684 by the French physician and traveler François Bernier, who proposed a “new division of the Earth, according to the different species or races of man which inhabit it.” One of these races, he suggested, was yellow. Then in 1735, the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus published Systema naturae, in which he categorized homo sapiens into four different skin colors. Finally, at the end of the eighteenth century, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, also a physician and the founder of comparative anatomy, declared that the people of the Far East were a yellow race, as distinct from the white “Caucasian” one.Less
This chapter focuses on the emergence of new sorts of human taxonomies as well as new claims about the color of all human groups, including East Asians, during the course of the eighteenth century, as well as their racial implications. It first considers the theory advanced in 1684 by the French physician and traveler François Bernier, who proposed a “new division of the Earth, according to the different species or races of man which inhabit it.” One of these races, he suggested, was yellow. Then in 1735, the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus published Systema naturae, in which he categorized homo sapiens into four different skin colors. Finally, at the end of the eighteenth century, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, also a physician and the founder of comparative anatomy, declared that the people of the Far East were a yellow race, as distinct from the white “Caucasian” one.
Michael Keevak
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691140315
- eISBN:
- 9781400838608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691140315.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter examines how the Mongolian race was perceived in nineteenth-century Western medicine. More specifically, it considers medical explanations for certain conditions deemed to be associated ...
More
This chapter examines how the Mongolian race was perceived in nineteenth-century Western medicine. More specifically, it considers medical explanations for certain conditions deemed to be associated with “Mongolian” bodies and endemic in, or in some way linked to, the race as a whole, including the “Mongolian eye,” the “Mongolian spot,” and “Mongolism” (now known as Down syndrome). The chapter argues that each of these “Mongolian” conditions became a way of distancing the Mongolian race from a white Western norm, since they were taken to be either characteristic of irregular East Asian bodies. It also contends that “Mongolianness” served as a rationale for racism just as much as the other way around.Less
This chapter examines how the Mongolian race was perceived in nineteenth-century Western medicine. More specifically, it considers medical explanations for certain conditions deemed to be associated with “Mongolian” bodies and endemic in, or in some way linked to, the race as a whole, including the “Mongolian eye,” the “Mongolian spot,” and “Mongolism” (now known as Down syndrome). The chapter argues that each of these “Mongolian” conditions became a way of distancing the Mongolian race from a white Western norm, since they were taken to be either characteristic of irregular East Asian bodies. It also contends that “Mongolianness” served as a rationale for racism just as much as the other way around.
Michael Keevak
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691140315
- eISBN:
- 9781400838608
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691140315.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
In their earliest encounters with Asia, Europeans almost uniformly characterized the people of China and Japan as white. This was a means of describing their wealth and sophistication, their ...
More
In their earliest encounters with Asia, Europeans almost uniformly characterized the people of China and Japan as white. This was a means of describing their wealth and sophistication, their willingness to trade with the West, and their presumed capacity to become Christianized. But by the end of the seventeenth century the category of whiteness was reserved for Europeans only. When and how did Asians become “yellow” in the Western imagination? Looking at the history of racial thinking, this book explores the notion of yellowness and shows that this label originated in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century scientific discourses on race. From the walls of an ancient Egyptian tomb, which depicted people of varying skin tones including yellow, to the phrase “yellow peril” at the beginning of the twentieth century in Europe and America, the book follows the development of perceptions about race and human difference. It indicates that the conceptual relationship between East Asians and yellow skin did not begin in Chinese culture or Western readings of East Asian cultural symbols, but in anthropological and medical records that described variations in skin color. Eighteenth-century taxonomers such as Carl Linnaeus, as well as Victorian scientists and early anthropologists, assigned colors to all racial groups, and once East Asians were lumped with members of the Mongolian race, they began to be considered yellow. Demonstrating how a racial distinction took root in Europe and traveled internationally, the book weaves together multiple narratives to tell the complex history of a problematic term.Less
In their earliest encounters with Asia, Europeans almost uniformly characterized the people of China and Japan as white. This was a means of describing their wealth and sophistication, their willingness to trade with the West, and their presumed capacity to become Christianized. But by the end of the seventeenth century the category of whiteness was reserved for Europeans only. When and how did Asians become “yellow” in the Western imagination? Looking at the history of racial thinking, this book explores the notion of yellowness and shows that this label originated in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century scientific discourses on race. From the walls of an ancient Egyptian tomb, which depicted people of varying skin tones including yellow, to the phrase “yellow peril” at the beginning of the twentieth century in Europe and America, the book follows the development of perceptions about race and human difference. It indicates that the conceptual relationship between East Asians and yellow skin did not begin in Chinese culture or Western readings of East Asian cultural symbols, but in anthropological and medical records that described variations in skin color. Eighteenth-century taxonomers such as Carl Linnaeus, as well as Victorian scientists and early anthropologists, assigned colors to all racial groups, and once East Asians were lumped with members of the Mongolian race, they began to be considered yellow. Demonstrating how a racial distinction took root in Europe and traveled internationally, the book weaves together multiple narratives to tell the complex history of a problematic term.
Michael Keevak
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691140315
- eISBN:
- 9781400838608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691140315.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter examines how the “yellow race” became an important focus in nineteenth-century anthropology. More specifically, it considers how the whole notion of skin tone had become inextricably ...
More
This chapter examines how the “yellow race” became an important focus in nineteenth-century anthropology. More specifically, it considers how the whole notion of skin tone had become inextricably linked to scientifically validated prejudices and normative claims about higher and lower forms of human culture. The chapter first discusses why the term “Mongolian” was selected to represent the people of the Far East and compares it to “Tartar” before exploring how the new field of anthropology became preoccupied with the idea of anatomical quantification, and especially the measurement of skin color using an instrument known as the color top. It shows that the desire to find yellowness in East Asians was so ingrained in the Western imagination that some anthropologists tried to prove that their skin really was yellow.Less
This chapter examines how the “yellow race” became an important focus in nineteenth-century anthropology. More specifically, it considers how the whole notion of skin tone had become inextricably linked to scientifically validated prejudices and normative claims about higher and lower forms of human culture. The chapter first discusses why the term “Mongolian” was selected to represent the people of the Far East and compares it to “Tartar” before exploring how the new field of anthropology became preoccupied with the idea of anatomical quantification, and especially the measurement of skin color using an instrument known as the color top. It shows that the desire to find yellowness in East Asians was so ingrained in the Western imagination that some anthropologists tried to prove that their skin really was yellow.
Akbar Noman and Joseph E. Stiglitz
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199698561
- eISBN:
- 9780191738142
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698561.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter lays out the premise for the rest of the volume which addresses the central question of what needs to be done to sustain and accelerate the recent improvement in the economic performance ...
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This chapter lays out the premise for the rest of the volume which addresses the central question of what needs to be done to sustain and accelerate the recent improvement in the economic performance of Sub-Saharan Africa. This revival remains too dependent on booming commodity prices whilst sustained, poverty-reducing growth requires structural transformation. The type of learning, industrial, and technology policies recommended here are informed by the lessons of success, especially in East Asia. Such policies are needed not only for industrialization but also agriculture. Both the constraints of geography and governance and their policy implications have been misunderstood in the dominant discourse and can be overcome by a transformation of the mainstream reform agenda. Reforms of the state and governance should move away from what has emerged as the “good governance” recipe and towards “growth-enhancing governance” aimed at facilitating an appropriate balance between the state and the market.Less
This chapter lays out the premise for the rest of the volume which addresses the central question of what needs to be done to sustain and accelerate the recent improvement in the economic performance of Sub-Saharan Africa. This revival remains too dependent on booming commodity prices whilst sustained, poverty-reducing growth requires structural transformation. The type of learning, industrial, and technology policies recommended here are informed by the lessons of success, especially in East Asia. Such policies are needed not only for industrialization but also agriculture. Both the constraints of geography and governance and their policy implications have been misunderstood in the dominant discourse and can be overcome by a transformation of the mainstream reform agenda. Reforms of the state and governance should move away from what has emerged as the “good governance” recipe and towards “growth-enhancing governance” aimed at facilitating an appropriate balance between the state and the market.
Ho-fung Hung
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231164184
- eISBN:
- 9780231540223
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231164184.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Asian Politics
Chapter 3 exposits how the legacies of East Asian capitalism and those of Mao's socialism combine to fuel the China boom. The chapter also discusses how the China boom derives most of its energy from ...
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Chapter 3 exposits how the legacies of East Asian capitalism and those of Mao's socialism combine to fuel the China boom. The chapter also discusses how the China boom derives most of its energy from the private and export-oriented sector that has been the foundation of foreign exchange reserve growth and expansion of debt-financed infrastructure investment.Less
Chapter 3 exposits how the legacies of East Asian capitalism and those of Mao's socialism combine to fuel the China boom. The chapter also discusses how the China boom derives most of its energy from the private and export-oriented sector that has been the foundation of foreign exchange reserve growth and expansion of debt-financed infrastructure investment.
Yung Chul Park
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199660957
- eISBN:
- 9780191748981
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199660957.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics, South and East Asia
Most of the studies on Asia's “decoupling” cover the period before the 2008 global financial crisis. In view of the faster recovery East Asia from the 2008 global economic crisis, it would be ...
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Most of the studies on Asia's “decoupling” cover the period before the 2008 global financial crisis. In view of the faster recovery East Asia from the 2008 global economic crisis, it would be interesting to examine whether the crisis has changed the structure of trade linkages and financial spill overs between East Asia and the rest of the world to lend credence to the decoupling thesis. For this purpose, this chapter identifies some of the factors that are likely to cause the decoupling, analyzes East Asia's experience with the 2008 global crisis to examine whether the crisis has strengthened the case for the decoupling, and discusses the prospects for the decoupling in the future.Less
Most of the studies on Asia's “decoupling” cover the period before the 2008 global financial crisis. In view of the faster recovery East Asia from the 2008 global economic crisis, it would be interesting to examine whether the crisis has changed the structure of trade linkages and financial spill overs between East Asia and the rest of the world to lend credence to the decoupling thesis. For this purpose, this chapter identifies some of the factors that are likely to cause the decoupling, analyzes East Asia's experience with the 2008 global crisis to examine whether the crisis has strengthened the case for the decoupling, and discusses the prospects for the decoupling in the future.
Amiya Kumar Bagchi and Anthony P. D’Costa
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198082286
- eISBN:
- 9780199082377
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198082286.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter traces the historical and social origins of the rising dependence of China and its East Asian neighbours on the consumption market in the Global North for their export-driven growth, as ...
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This chapter traces the historical and social origins of the rising dependence of China and its East Asian neighbours on the consumption market in the Global North for their export-driven growth, as well as their dependence on U.S. financial vehicles as the store of value for their savings. With these two dependencies, China and its Asian neighbours have few choices but to continue to help the U.S. maintain its global economic dominance amid the global crisis by extending more credit in the short run. The chapter also considers the options available to China to help lead East Asia out of its market and financial dependence on the US, and to facilitate the formation of a more autonomous economic order in Asia.Less
This chapter traces the historical and social origins of the rising dependence of China and its East Asian neighbours on the consumption market in the Global North for their export-driven growth, as well as their dependence on U.S. financial vehicles as the store of value for their savings. With these two dependencies, China and its Asian neighbours have few choices but to continue to help the U.S. maintain its global economic dominance amid the global crisis by extending more credit in the short run. The chapter also considers the options available to China to help lead East Asia out of its market and financial dependence on the US, and to facilitate the formation of a more autonomous economic order in Asia.
Chua Beng Huat and Koichi Iwabuchi
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098923
- eISBN:
- 9789882206885
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098923.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
It is the arrival of the Japanese and Korean TV dramas that provides the material basis for a discursive conceptualization of an “East Asian pop culture” sphere with an integrated cultural economy. ...
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It is the arrival of the Japanese and Korean TV dramas that provides the material basis for a discursive conceptualization of an “East Asian pop culture” sphere with an integrated cultural economy. The flows and exchanges within this East Asian pop culture sphere are reviewed. The penetration of Korean TV dramas into East Asian markets in the late 1990s is the consequence of felicitous timing. Section I of this book explores the political economy and current state of play in the television industry in East Asia. The essays in Section II are then concerned with transnational-crosscultural receptions of TV dramas in different locations across East Asia. Section III outlines the nationalistic reactions and negative “backlash”, which are at once political and ideological, that might be generated by massive cultural cross-border regional flows, of the Korean Wave. It is hoped that it offers to readers further empirical and conceptual insights into cultural globalization, which cannot be ascertained in existing US-centric analyses.Less
It is the arrival of the Japanese and Korean TV dramas that provides the material basis for a discursive conceptualization of an “East Asian pop culture” sphere with an integrated cultural economy. The flows and exchanges within this East Asian pop culture sphere are reviewed. The penetration of Korean TV dramas into East Asian markets in the late 1990s is the consequence of felicitous timing. Section I of this book explores the political economy and current state of play in the television industry in East Asia. The essays in Section II are then concerned with transnational-crosscultural receptions of TV dramas in different locations across East Asia. Section III outlines the nationalistic reactions and negative “backlash”, which are at once political and ideological, that might be generated by massive cultural cross-border regional flows, of the Korean Wave. It is hoped that it offers to readers further empirical and conceptual insights into cultural globalization, which cannot be ascertained in existing US-centric analyses.
