Stephen E. Lahey
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195183313
- eISBN:
- 9780199870349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183313.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter provides the basic biographical material necessary to understand the course of Wyclif’s life. The first section traces Wyclif’s career at Oxford University, specifically at Merton and ...
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This chapter provides the basic biographical material necessary to understand the course of Wyclif’s life. The first section traces Wyclif’s career at Oxford University, specifically at Merton and Balliol Colleges. Wyclif was a prolific writer, and while establishing a precise chronology for his works as they have come down to us is difficult, given his apparently extensive re-editing of his works, the chapter describes the organization of his two major philosophical collections, the Summa de Ente and the Summa Theologie. The second section surveys Wyclif’s career in the service of the Duke of Lancaster, his subsequent dismissal from Oxford University, and his ongoing disputes with Bishop William Courtenay of London. During his final years in exile in Lutterworth, Leicestershire, Wyclif produced a significant body of writing, ranging from exegesis to polemics, remaining active in his criticisms of the ecclesiastical status quo.Less
This chapter provides the basic biographical material necessary to understand the course of Wyclif’s life. The first section traces Wyclif’s career at Oxford University, specifically at Merton and Balliol Colleges. Wyclif was a prolific writer, and while establishing a precise chronology for his works as they have come down to us is difficult, given his apparently extensive re-editing of his works, the chapter describes the organization of his two major philosophical collections, the Summa de Ente and the Summa Theologie. The second section surveys Wyclif’s career in the service of the Duke of Lancaster, his subsequent dismissal from Oxford University, and his ongoing disputes with Bishop William Courtenay of London. During his final years in exile in Lutterworth, Leicestershire, Wyclif produced a significant body of writing, ranging from exegesis to polemics, remaining active in his criticisms of the ecclesiastical status quo.
Robert W. Righter
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195149470
- eISBN:
- 9780199788934
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195149470.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Two leaders emerged as San Francisco pursued the valley: Mayor James Phelan and naturalist John Muir. Both were determined and led strong constituencies, and each held competing views of the meaning ...
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Two leaders emerged as San Francisco pursued the valley: Mayor James Phelan and naturalist John Muir. Both were determined and led strong constituencies, and each held competing views of the meaning of progress. Phelan was convinced a great dam symbolized human determination and ingenuity, and would enhance nature. Muir was skeptical that humans could improve on nature, and certainly not in the mountain sanctuary of Hetch Hetchy. John Muir and the Sierra Club held the upper hand until the San Francisco Earthquake and Fire of 1906 intervened to change everything. The prostrate city with four square miles of its heart in smoldering ruins became an object of both pity and charity. Who could deny the city its desire for abundant water? Furthermore, many blamed the fire on the privately-owned Spring Valley Water Company. San Francisco reapplied for a permit. With the support of US Forest Service chief Gifford Pinchot and the sympathy of Secretary of the Interior James Garfield, the city felt assured that soon its engineers would be damming the Hetch Hetchy Valley and building an aqueduct to transport the water to the city.Less
Two leaders emerged as San Francisco pursued the valley: Mayor James Phelan and naturalist John Muir. Both were determined and led strong constituencies, and each held competing views of the meaning of progress. Phelan was convinced a great dam symbolized human determination and ingenuity, and would enhance nature. Muir was skeptical that humans could improve on nature, and certainly not in the mountain sanctuary of Hetch Hetchy. John Muir and the Sierra Club held the upper hand until the San Francisco Earthquake and Fire of 1906 intervened to change everything. The prostrate city with four square miles of its heart in smoldering ruins became an object of both pity and charity. Who could deny the city its desire for abundant water? Furthermore, many blamed the fire on the privately-owned Spring Valley Water Company. San Francisco reapplied for a permit. With the support of US Forest Service chief Gifford Pinchot and the sympathy of Secretary of the Interior James Garfield, the city felt assured that soon its engineers would be damming the Hetch Hetchy Valley and building an aqueduct to transport the water to the city.
Andrew T. McDonald and Verlaine Stoner McDonald
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813176079
- eISBN:
- 9780813176109
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813176079.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Chapter 1 traces Paul Rusch’s early life in Louisville as the son of a grocer and as a soldier in World War I. After the war, Rusch led an effort to establish a bohemian art colony in Louisville, ...
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Chapter 1 traces Paul Rusch’s early life in Louisville as the son of a grocer and as a soldier in World War I. After the war, Rusch led an effort to establish a bohemian art colony in Louisville, though his venture eventually went bankrupt and landed Rusch in court. Rusch left Kentucky and then on a lark volunteered to help rebuild the Tokyo and Yokohama YMCA branches after the Great Kanto Earthquake. His connections at Holy Trinity Church in Tokyo led to positions on the Rikkyo University faculty and as a fund-raiser for St. Luke’s International Hospital in Tokyo. As Rusch worked to convert young Japanese men to Christianity by relaunching the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, Japan was swept up in political and social turmoil and militarism. Along the way, he staged the first organized game of American football in Japan and laid the foundation for Japan’s collegiate football league. Dr. Rudolf Teusler mentored Rusch during tours in America, honing Rusch’s skills in fund-raising, expanding his network to include wealthy patrons, and shaping Rusch’s staunch anti-Communist views.Less
Chapter 1 traces Paul Rusch’s early life in Louisville as the son of a grocer and as a soldier in World War I. After the war, Rusch led an effort to establish a bohemian art colony in Louisville, though his venture eventually went bankrupt and landed Rusch in court. Rusch left Kentucky and then on a lark volunteered to help rebuild the Tokyo and Yokohama YMCA branches after the Great Kanto Earthquake. His connections at Holy Trinity Church in Tokyo led to positions on the Rikkyo University faculty and as a fund-raiser for St. Luke’s International Hospital in Tokyo. As Rusch worked to convert young Japanese men to Christianity by relaunching the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, Japan was swept up in political and social turmoil and militarism. Along the way, he staged the first organized game of American football in Japan and laid the foundation for Japan’s collegiate football league. Dr. Rudolf Teusler mentored Rusch during tours in America, honing Rusch’s skills in fund-raising, expanding his network to include wealthy patrons, and shaping Rusch’s staunch anti-Communist views.
Greg Clancey
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520246072
- eISBN:
- 9780520932296
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520246072.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Accelerating seismic activity in late Meiji Japan climaxed in the legendary Great Nobi Earthquake of 1891, which rocked the main island from Tokyo to Osaka, killing thousands. Ironically, the ...
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Accelerating seismic activity in late Meiji Japan climaxed in the legendary Great Nobi Earthquake of 1891, which rocked the main island from Tokyo to Osaka, killing thousands. Ironically, the earthquake brought down many “modern” structures built on the advice of foreign architects and engineers, while leaving certain traditional, wooden ones standing. This book considers the cultural and political ramifications of this and other catastrophic events on Japan's relationship with the West, with modern science, and with itself. The book argues that seismicity was both the Achilles' heel of Japan's nation-building project — revealing the state's western-style infrastructure to be surprisingly fragile — and a new focus for nativizing discourses which credited traditional Japanese architecture with unique abilities to ride out seismic waves. Tracing the subject from the Meiji Restoration to the Great Kant Earthquake of 1923 (which destroyed Tokyo), the book shows earthquakes to have been a continual though mercurial agent in Japan's self-fashioning; a catastrophic undercurrent to Japanese modernity. This study moves earthquakes nearer the center of modern Japan change — both materially and symbolically — and also shows how fundamentally Japan shaped the global art, science, and culture of natural disaster.Less
Accelerating seismic activity in late Meiji Japan climaxed in the legendary Great Nobi Earthquake of 1891, which rocked the main island from Tokyo to Osaka, killing thousands. Ironically, the earthquake brought down many “modern” structures built on the advice of foreign architects and engineers, while leaving certain traditional, wooden ones standing. This book considers the cultural and political ramifications of this and other catastrophic events on Japan's relationship with the West, with modern science, and with itself. The book argues that seismicity was both the Achilles' heel of Japan's nation-building project — revealing the state's western-style infrastructure to be surprisingly fragile — and a new focus for nativizing discourses which credited traditional Japanese architecture with unique abilities to ride out seismic waves. Tracing the subject from the Meiji Restoration to the Great Kant Earthquake of 1923 (which destroyed Tokyo), the book shows earthquakes to have been a continual though mercurial agent in Japan's self-fashioning; a catastrophic undercurrent to Japanese modernity. This study moves earthquakes nearer the center of modern Japan change — both materially and symbolically — and also shows how fundamentally Japan shaped the global art, science, and culture of natural disaster.
John M. Kirk
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061054
- eISBN:
- 9780813051338
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061054.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
Cuba has had a large medical presence in Haiti since 1998, when Hurricane Georges devastated the country. Cuba responded by sending hundreds of medical staff to help with emergency medical support. ...
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Cuba has had a large medical presence in Haiti since 1998, when Hurricane Georges devastated the country. Cuba responded by sending hundreds of medical staff to help with emergency medical support. It has also trained over a thousand Haitians to become doctors. Some 300 Cuban doctors remained there, and were present when the earthquake struck in 2010. This chapter analyses their role during that tragic period. A year later a cholera outbreak resulted, and again Cuban medical personnel played a major role in bringing it under control. An overview of the Cuban role is provided, and an assessment of 15 years of medical support is provided.Less
Cuba has had a large medical presence in Haiti since 1998, when Hurricane Georges devastated the country. Cuba responded by sending hundreds of medical staff to help with emergency medical support. It has also trained over a thousand Haitians to become doctors. Some 300 Cuban doctors remained there, and were present when the earthquake struck in 2010. This chapter analyses their role during that tragic period. A year later a cholera outbreak resulted, and again Cuban medical personnel played a major role in bringing it under control. An overview of the Cuban role is provided, and an assessment of 15 years of medical support is provided.
Ocean Howell
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226141398
- eISBN:
- 9780226290287
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226290287.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
For more than a century commentators have referred to San Francisco's Mission District as a “city within a city.” This book demonstrates that it was no accident that the neighborhood came to be ...
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For more than a century commentators have referred to San Francisco's Mission District as a “city within a city.” This book demonstrates that it was no accident that the neighborhood came to be thought of this way. In the aftermath of the Great Earthquake and Fire of 1906, Mission residents (“Missionites,” as they proudly referred to themselves) organized to claim the right to plan their own neighborhood. Mission-based groups mobilized a politics of place and ethnicity to create a strong identity, one that was explicitly white. Organizations like the Mission Promotion Association wielded decisive influence in planning debates through the Progressive Era and the 1920s. Local power waned through the New Deal and immediate post-World War II period, but institutions like the Mission Merchants' Association and the Catholic parish church of St. Peter's carried on the neighborhood planning tradition. In the 1960s, the federal urban renewal program and Great Society programs, particularly Model Cities, would give neighborhood residents the impetus to organize anew. The resulting groups, like the Mission Coalition Organization and the Mission Model Neighborhood Corporation, mobilized a politics of multiethnicity and again asserted the right of the neighborhood to plan for itself. The book concludes with the dissolution of the Mission Coalition Organization in 1973. But it also demonstrates that the neighborhood's recent anti-gentrification organizing cannot be explained without reference to the Mission's longstanding tradition of community-based planning, a tradition that dates back at least as early as the Great Earthquake and Fire of 1906.Less
For more than a century commentators have referred to San Francisco's Mission District as a “city within a city.” This book demonstrates that it was no accident that the neighborhood came to be thought of this way. In the aftermath of the Great Earthquake and Fire of 1906, Mission residents (“Missionites,” as they proudly referred to themselves) organized to claim the right to plan their own neighborhood. Mission-based groups mobilized a politics of place and ethnicity to create a strong identity, one that was explicitly white. Organizations like the Mission Promotion Association wielded decisive influence in planning debates through the Progressive Era and the 1920s. Local power waned through the New Deal and immediate post-World War II period, but institutions like the Mission Merchants' Association and the Catholic parish church of St. Peter's carried on the neighborhood planning tradition. In the 1960s, the federal urban renewal program and Great Society programs, particularly Model Cities, would give neighborhood residents the impetus to organize anew. The resulting groups, like the Mission Coalition Organization and the Mission Model Neighborhood Corporation, mobilized a politics of multiethnicity and again asserted the right of the neighborhood to plan for itself. The book concludes with the dissolution of the Mission Coalition Organization in 1973. But it also demonstrates that the neighborhood's recent anti-gentrification organizing cannot be explained without reference to the Mission's longstanding tradition of community-based planning, a tradition that dates back at least as early as the Great Earthquake and Fire of 1906.
Marlene L. Daut
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381847
- eISBN:
- 9781781382394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381847.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Concludes by arguing that virtually all of the “racial” tropologies of the nineteenth century, which had never completely gone away anyway, surfaced with a vengeance in the popular media storm that ...
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Concludes by arguing that virtually all of the “racial” tropologies of the nineteenth century, which had never completely gone away anyway, surfaced with a vengeance in the popular media storm that followed in the wake of the January 2010 earthquake that practically destroyed the Haitian capital Port-au-PrinceLess
Concludes by arguing that virtually all of the “racial” tropologies of the nineteenth century, which had never completely gone away anyway, surfaced with a vengeance in the popular media storm that followed in the wake of the January 2010 earthquake that practically destroyed the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince
Ocean Howell
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226141398
- eISBN:
- 9780226290287
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226290287.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This introductory chapter gives a broad overview of the book. It also lays out a framework for how to understand neighborhoods. They rarely have official status, and are instead cultural constructs ...
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This introductory chapter gives a broad overview of the book. It also lays out a framework for how to understand neighborhoods. They rarely have official status, and are instead cultural constructs whose very existence depends upon the ongoing investments (psychological and material) of residents. Neighborhoods are also constantly in flux. The chapter illustrates this by showing how the borders of the Mission have changed dramatically across the twentieth century. The chapter shows that neighborhood identity has been inextricably bound up with ethnic identity. Finally, the chapter argues that more histories should focus on smaller urban scales, rather than only on the municipal scale.Less
This introductory chapter gives a broad overview of the book. It also lays out a framework for how to understand neighborhoods. They rarely have official status, and are instead cultural constructs whose very existence depends upon the ongoing investments (psychological and material) of residents. Neighborhoods are also constantly in flux. The chapter illustrates this by showing how the borders of the Mission have changed dramatically across the twentieth century. The chapter shows that neighborhood identity has been inextricably bound up with ethnic identity. Finally, the chapter argues that more histories should focus on smaller urban scales, rather than only on the municipal scale.
Ocean Howell
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226141398
- eISBN:
- 9780226290287
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226290287.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
The Progressive-Era politician James Phelan invited the architect Daniel Burnham to San Francisco in 1905 to make a plan for the city, the Burnham Plan. After the Great Earthquake and Fire of 1906, a ...
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The Progressive-Era politician James Phelan invited the architect Daniel Burnham to San Francisco in 1905 to make a plan for the city, the Burnham Plan. After the Great Earthquake and Fire of 1906, a number of Union Labor politicians, led by Abraham Ruef, attempted to centralize authority in the municipal government to make the plan a reality. Seeing that the scheme would radically alter their neighborhood, prominent citizens of the Mission District, like James Rolph, organized. Under the auspices of a new improvement club--the Mission Promotion Association--neighborhood leaders convinced the California legislature not to expand San Francisco's municipal authority, thus halting the Burnham Plan. Though they had allies in the conservative business community, it was the Mission Promotion Association that was most responsible for defeating the plan.Less
The Progressive-Era politician James Phelan invited the architect Daniel Burnham to San Francisco in 1905 to make a plan for the city, the Burnham Plan. After the Great Earthquake and Fire of 1906, a number of Union Labor politicians, led by Abraham Ruef, attempted to centralize authority in the municipal government to make the plan a reality. Seeing that the scheme would radically alter their neighborhood, prominent citizens of the Mission District, like James Rolph, organized. Under the auspices of a new improvement club--the Mission Promotion Association--neighborhood leaders convinced the California legislature not to expand San Francisco's municipal authority, thus halting the Burnham Plan. Though they had allies in the conservative business community, it was the Mission Promotion Association that was most responsible for defeating the plan.
Elisabeth S. Clemens
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226559360
- eISBN:
- 9780226670973
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226670973.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
Over the first decades of the twentieth century, this model of urban governance was harnessed to unprecedented crises, both local and international. The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake inspired a ...
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Over the first decades of the twentieth century, this model of urban governance was harnessed to unprecedented crises, both local and international. The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake inspired a national response to the disaster that extended the capacities of a still new organization, the American Red Cross. Closely linked to the presidency, the Red Cross came to function as a voluntary infrastructure for the extension of national efforts, an arrangement that would be solidified in the mobilization for the First World War. During that conflict, “voluntary” giving to a national cause was established as a model of good citizenship and institutionalized through the charitable deduction to the individual income tax.Less
Over the first decades of the twentieth century, this model of urban governance was harnessed to unprecedented crises, both local and international. The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake inspired a national response to the disaster that extended the capacities of a still new organization, the American Red Cross. Closely linked to the presidency, the Red Cross came to function as a voluntary infrastructure for the extension of national efforts, an arrangement that would be solidified in the mobilization for the First World War. During that conflict, “voluntary” giving to a national cause was established as a model of good citizenship and institutionalized through the charitable deduction to the individual income tax.
Josef W. Konvitz
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781784992903
- eISBN:
- 9781526103970
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784992903.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
The ultimate test of how well prepared a society is to cope with and recover from a crisis is another crisis.The lessons of the economic crisis of 2008 show how long it takes to bring about reforms, ...
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The ultimate test of how well prepared a society is to cope with and recover from a crisis is another crisis.The lessons of the economic crisis of 2008 show how long it takes to bring about reforms, and how difficult international co-operation to achieve greater coherence can be. Looking to the future, disasters – global and local – are likely to exceed past trends, challenging the capacity of individual countries to absorb their impact. Cross-border, cross-sectoral, place-based strategies will be difficult for governments to introduce and implement, as illustrated by examples from the past two decades, and by the risks associated with flooding. Earlier in the 20th century, modern networked infrastructure utilities were seen as a point of vulnerability, but bombing in war did not bring about an expected collapse of urban societies and economies. Instead, this experience highlighted the factors of resilience. Strengthening resilience makes sense but it is not a cost-free strategy. The greatest risk to resilience comes from the fragmentation of society and a loss of social capital.Less
The ultimate test of how well prepared a society is to cope with and recover from a crisis is another crisis.The lessons of the economic crisis of 2008 show how long it takes to bring about reforms, and how difficult international co-operation to achieve greater coherence can be. Looking to the future, disasters – global and local – are likely to exceed past trends, challenging the capacity of individual countries to absorb their impact. Cross-border, cross-sectoral, place-based strategies will be difficult for governments to introduce and implement, as illustrated by examples from the past two decades, and by the risks associated with flooding. Earlier in the 20th century, modern networked infrastructure utilities were seen as a point of vulnerability, but bombing in war did not bring about an expected collapse of urban societies and economies. Instead, this experience highlighted the factors of resilience. Strengthening resilience makes sense but it is not a cost-free strategy. The greatest risk to resilience comes from the fragmentation of society and a loss of social capital.
Conevery Bolton Valencius
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226053899
- eISBN:
- 9780226053929
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226053929.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
In 1912, United States Geological Survey researcher Myron L. Fuller published an account of the New Madrid earthquakes. This report languished until seismologist Otto Nuttli re-focused scientific ...
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In 1912, United States Geological Survey researcher Myron L. Fuller published an account of the New Madrid earthquakes. This report languished until seismologist Otto Nuttli re-focused scientific attention in 1973. Still, New Madrid science remained on the fringe, partly because of a sensationalized, false prediction by Iben Browning in 1990. Slowly, researchers at CERI (Center for Earthquake Research and Information) and interdisciplinary efforts in paleoseismology assembled evidence for the quakes. Yet the science remained contested. In the early twenty-first century, researchers debated magnitude estimates and likely recurrence. By the New Madrid Bicentennial, consensus surrounded the need for disaster planning in mid-continent, through the efforts of CUSEC (Central U.S. Earthquake Consortium) and related agencies. Planners and scientists increasingly looked to worldwide parallels, just as people had in 1812. In attention to local knowledge, first-person accounts, and bodily experience, contemporary New Madrid science began to draw in surprising ways on historical roots.Less
In 1912, United States Geological Survey researcher Myron L. Fuller published an account of the New Madrid earthquakes. This report languished until seismologist Otto Nuttli re-focused scientific attention in 1973. Still, New Madrid science remained on the fringe, partly because of a sensationalized, false prediction by Iben Browning in 1990. Slowly, researchers at CERI (Center for Earthquake Research and Information) and interdisciplinary efforts in paleoseismology assembled evidence for the quakes. Yet the science remained contested. In the early twenty-first century, researchers debated magnitude estimates and likely recurrence. By the New Madrid Bicentennial, consensus surrounded the need for disaster planning in mid-continent, through the efforts of CUSEC (Central U.S. Earthquake Consortium) and related agencies. Planners and scientists increasingly looked to worldwide parallels, just as people had in 1812. In attention to local knowledge, first-person accounts, and bodily experience, contemporary New Madrid science began to draw in surprising ways on historical roots.
Daniel P. Aldrich
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226638263
- eISBN:
- 9780226638577
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226638577.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter describes the 9.0 magnitude earthquake, 60-foot tsunami, and nuclear meltdown which make up Japan’s 3/11 disasters. After introducing theories of resilience and recovery, it defines ...
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This chapter describes the 9.0 magnitude earthquake, 60-foot tsunami, and nuclear meltdown which make up Japan’s 3/11 disasters. After introducing theories of resilience and recovery, it defines networks and governance and illuminates how they affect disaster survival and recovery. Focusing especially on the main categories of social capital – bonding, bridging, and linking – this chapter lays out the structure for the overall book.Less
This chapter describes the 9.0 magnitude earthquake, 60-foot tsunami, and nuclear meltdown which make up Japan’s 3/11 disasters. After introducing theories of resilience and recovery, it defines networks and governance and illuminates how they affect disaster survival and recovery. Focusing especially on the main categories of social capital – bonding, bridging, and linking – this chapter lays out the structure for the overall book.
J. Charles Schencking
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231162180
- eISBN:
- 9780231535069
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231162180.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter recalls the steps taken by the Japanese government to bring back order to Tokyo right after the Great Kantō Earthquake. Aware that the unprecedented disaster required an equally ...
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This chapter recalls the steps taken by the Japanese government to bring back order to Tokyo right after the Great Kantō Earthquake. Aware that the unprecedented disaster required an equally unparalleled response, the “emergency cabinet” of Prime Minister Yamamoto Gonnohyōe created the Rinji shinsai kyūgo jimukyoku or the Emergency Earthquake Relief Bureau to oversee disaster relief and recovery. Relief activities were organized in the following areas: food, shelter and housing, materials and supply, communications, drinking water, medical aid and hygiene, relief funds and donations, financial accounts, general affairs, police, and intelligence. The chapter concludes by describing how the government, together with the media, started to facilitate the eventual culture of renewal and reconstruction by inculcating that the earthquake was a national tragedy.Less
This chapter recalls the steps taken by the Japanese government to bring back order to Tokyo right after the Great Kantō Earthquake. Aware that the unprecedented disaster required an equally unparalleled response, the “emergency cabinet” of Prime Minister Yamamoto Gonnohyōe created the Rinji shinsai kyūgo jimukyoku or the Emergency Earthquake Relief Bureau to oversee disaster relief and recovery. Relief activities were organized in the following areas: food, shelter and housing, materials and supply, communications, drinking water, medical aid and hygiene, relief funds and donations, financial accounts, general affairs, police, and intelligence. The chapter concludes by describing how the government, together with the media, started to facilitate the eventual culture of renewal and reconstruction by inculcating that the earthquake was a national tragedy.
Gregory Clancey
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520246072
- eISBN:
- 9780520932296
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520246072.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
On the morning of October 28, 1891, an unusually powerful earthquake centered in the Nōbi Plain near Nagoya rocked central Japan from Osaka to Tokyo. Contemporary seismologists, estimating on the ...
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On the morning of October 28, 1891, an unusually powerful earthquake centered in the Nōbi Plain near Nagoya rocked central Japan from Osaka to Tokyo. Contemporary seismologists, estimating on the basis of the yet-to-be-invented Richter scale, place the earthquake's magnitude as 8.4, making it the strongest seismic event in modern Japanese history. Given the power and extent of what would be named “the Great Nōbi Earthquake,” it was natural that all parties to the seismic question would flock to the ruins and draw lessons. The range and diversity of the destruction between Nagoya and Osaka indeed provided the evidence for many types of argument. On the one hand, there were tens of thousands of collapsed and/or burned Japanese wooden farmhouses. On the other hand, a number of very large European-style buildings and engineering structures had also dramatically failed.Less
On the morning of October 28, 1891, an unusually powerful earthquake centered in the Nōbi Plain near Nagoya rocked central Japan from Osaka to Tokyo. Contemporary seismologists, estimating on the basis of the yet-to-be-invented Richter scale, place the earthquake's magnitude as 8.4, making it the strongest seismic event in modern Japanese history. Given the power and extent of what would be named “the Great Nōbi Earthquake,” it was natural that all parties to the seismic question would flock to the ruins and draw lessons. The range and diversity of the destruction between Nagoya and Osaka indeed provided the evidence for many types of argument. On the one hand, there were tens of thousands of collapsed and/or burned Japanese wooden farmhouses. On the other hand, a number of very large European-style buildings and engineering structures had also dramatically failed.
J. Charles Schencking
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231162180
- eISBN:
- 9780231535069
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231162180.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This concluding chapter briefly outlines the developments that happened during the reconstruction of Tokyo after the Great Kantō Earthquake. It highlights an event in 1930 when the Shōwa Emperor ...
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This concluding chapter briefly outlines the developments that happened during the reconstruction of Tokyo after the Great Kantō Earthquake. It highlights an event in 1930 when the Shōwa Emperor personally inspected the city as part of the celebration of the rebirth of Tokyo. Three locations stood out significantly during the Emperor's tour—the unfinished Taishō Earthquake Memorial Hall in the Honjo Ward, the Chiyoda Primary School, and the bluff at Ueno Park. Viewing all of these changes from different standpoints can reveal the specific qualities of Japanese society. From the perspective of the Tokyoites, these changes brought by the land readjustment and reconstruction process demonstrated their remarkable resilience. On a broader governmental level however, the debates over the scope and scale of reconstruction reflected the unwillingness and inability of elites and institutions to put their differences aside during a moment of national emergency.Less
This concluding chapter briefly outlines the developments that happened during the reconstruction of Tokyo after the Great Kantō Earthquake. It highlights an event in 1930 when the Shōwa Emperor personally inspected the city as part of the celebration of the rebirth of Tokyo. Three locations stood out significantly during the Emperor's tour—the unfinished Taishō Earthquake Memorial Hall in the Honjo Ward, the Chiyoda Primary School, and the bluff at Ueno Park. Viewing all of these changes from different standpoints can reveal the specific qualities of Japanese society. From the perspective of the Tokyoites, these changes brought by the land readjustment and reconstruction process demonstrated their remarkable resilience. On a broader governmental level however, the debates over the scope and scale of reconstruction reflected the unwillingness and inability of elites and institutions to put their differences aside during a moment of national emergency.
Mehrdad Shokoohy and Natalie H. Shokoohy
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474460729
- eISBN:
- 9781474495608
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460729.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
Bayana in Rajasthan and its monuments challenge the perceived but established view of the development of Indo-Muslim architecture and urban form. At the end of the 12th century the Ghurid conquerors ...
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Bayana in Rajasthan and its monuments challenge the perceived but established view of the development of Indo-Muslim architecture and urban form. At the end of the 12th century the Ghurid conquerors took the mighty Hindu fort, building the first Muslim city below on virgin ground. It was the centre of an autonomous region during the 15th and 16th centuries and was even considered by Sikandar Lodī for the capital of his sultanate before he decided on Agra, then a mere village of Bayana.
A peculiarity of historic sites in India is that whole towns with outstanding remains can, through political change or climatic events, be either built over by modern developments or fall into obscurity. The latter is the case with Bayana, abandoned following an earthquake in 1505. Going beyond a simple study of the historic, architectural and archaeological remains ‒ surveyed and illustrated in detail ‒ the book takes on the wider issues of how far the artistic traditions of Bayana, which developed independently from those of Delhi, later influenced North Indian architecture and were the forerunners of the Mughal architectural style, which draw many of its features from innovations developed first in Bayana.Less
Bayana in Rajasthan and its monuments challenge the perceived but established view of the development of Indo-Muslim architecture and urban form. At the end of the 12th century the Ghurid conquerors took the mighty Hindu fort, building the first Muslim city below on virgin ground. It was the centre of an autonomous region during the 15th and 16th centuries and was even considered by Sikandar Lodī for the capital of his sultanate before he decided on Agra, then a mere village of Bayana.
A peculiarity of historic sites in India is that whole towns with outstanding remains can, through political change or climatic events, be either built over by modern developments or fall into obscurity. The latter is the case with Bayana, abandoned following an earthquake in 1505. Going beyond a simple study of the historic, architectural and archaeological remains ‒ surveyed and illustrated in detail ‒ the book takes on the wider issues of how far the artistic traditions of Bayana, which developed independently from those of Delhi, later influenced North Indian architecture and were the forerunners of the Mughal architectural style, which draw many of its features from innovations developed first in Bayana.
Michio Ubaura
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447323587
- eISBN:
- 9781447323617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447323587.003.0004
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
This chapter illustrates the contents of urban planning and reconstruction activities after the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred in 2011. First, a paradigm shift in Japanese urban planning ...
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This chapter illustrates the contents of urban planning and reconstruction activities after the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred in 2011. First, a paradigm shift in Japanese urban planning against the backdrop of demographic change is explained as premises for the reconstruction activities after the GEJE. Then, the reconstruction land use plan in general is introduced with the concrete examples of Ishinomaki city, Onagawa town and Ofunato city. Based on this information, the author describes some points of concern in the planning process of land use plans as well as its reality. Finally, he also shows the actual situation of urban formation and points out some problems of it.Less
This chapter illustrates the contents of urban planning and reconstruction activities after the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred in 2011. First, a paradigm shift in Japanese urban planning against the backdrop of demographic change is explained as premises for the reconstruction activities after the GEJE. Then, the reconstruction land use plan in general is introduced with the concrete examples of Ishinomaki city, Onagawa town and Ofunato city. Based on this information, the author describes some points of concern in the planning process of land use plans as well as its reality. Finally, he also shows the actual situation of urban formation and points out some problems of it.
Cameron D. Jones
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781503604315
- eISBN:
- 9781503608382
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503604315.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Chapter two focuses on the events surrounding the Juan Santos Atahualpa Rebellion. Specifically, it examines how the viceregal government ultimately failed to support Ocopa against the rebels. It ...
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Chapter two focuses on the events surrounding the Juan Santos Atahualpa Rebellion. Specifically, it examines how the viceregal government ultimately failed to support Ocopa against the rebels. It narrates the initial expulsion and murder of the Ocopa friars and the unsuccessful attempt by local militia to end the rebellion quickly. The chapter then looks at the larger geopolitical context of the rebellion examining how the Lima earthquake and tsunami ultimately shaped the viceroy’s decision to abandon attempts to dislodge Juan Santos from Ocopa’s missions. At the same time, chapter two uncovers the role that Ocopa’s support for one of their former missionaries, Friar Calixto, played in kindling the viceroy’s animosity toward the College. It ultimately argues that the viceroy ordered military efforts against Juan Santos abandoned, not because of strategic concerns, but to limit the influence of Ocopa, which he saw as a threat to royal authority.Less
Chapter two focuses on the events surrounding the Juan Santos Atahualpa Rebellion. Specifically, it examines how the viceregal government ultimately failed to support Ocopa against the rebels. It narrates the initial expulsion and murder of the Ocopa friars and the unsuccessful attempt by local militia to end the rebellion quickly. The chapter then looks at the larger geopolitical context of the rebellion examining how the Lima earthquake and tsunami ultimately shaped the viceroy’s decision to abandon attempts to dislodge Juan Santos from Ocopa’s missions. At the same time, chapter two uncovers the role that Ocopa’s support for one of their former missionaries, Friar Calixto, played in kindling the viceroy’s animosity toward the College. It ultimately argues that the viceroy ordered military efforts against Juan Santos abandoned, not because of strategic concerns, but to limit the influence of Ocopa, which he saw as a threat to royal authority.
Kiran C. Jayaram
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781683400387
- eISBN:
- 9781683400653
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9781683400387.003.0010
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
This chapter offers a staggering critique of post-earthquake development plans in Haiti. In the wake of the Haitian earthquake, Haiti became an example of disaster capitalism in action. Kiran Jayaram ...
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This chapter offers a staggering critique of post-earthquake development plans in Haiti. In the wake of the Haitian earthquake, Haiti became an example of disaster capitalism in action. Kiran Jayaram argues that the idea of sustainability, as in new plans for mango production, has been co-opted, becoming code for the continuation of exploitative economic policies within the political economy.Less
This chapter offers a staggering critique of post-earthquake development plans in Haiti. In the wake of the Haitian earthquake, Haiti became an example of disaster capitalism in action. Kiran Jayaram argues that the idea of sustainability, as in new plans for mango production, has been co-opted, becoming code for the continuation of exploitative economic policies within the political economy.
