Christina L. Baade
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195372014
- eISBN:
- 9780199918287
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372014.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western, Popular
Chapter 3 examines Music While You Work (MWYW), created by the BBC in response to the production drives spurred by the retreat at Dunkirk in June 1940. The half-hour program united ideologies of ...
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Chapter 3 examines Music While You Work (MWYW), created by the BBC in response to the production drives spurred by the retreat at Dunkirk in June 1940. The half-hour program united ideologies of music as a force for cultural uplift with research in industrial efficiency in service of the war effort. As the program developed, it reflected concerns with the new female workforce, for the apathetic and unruly bodies of conscripted women workers threatened to slow production, detract from the nation's war effort, and even undermine “the health of all democracy.” Prized for its tonic qualities, MWYW was a powerful tool for factory discipline. Producers harnessed popular and light music, not according to entertainment or artistic values but for their effect on production, audibility, and impact on worker morale. Nevertheless, the program also evoked practices of dancing and background listening, which had become mass leisure activities during the preceding decades.Less
Chapter 3 examines Music While You Work (MWYW), created by the BBC in response to the production drives spurred by the retreat at Dunkirk in June 1940. The half-hour program united ideologies of music as a force for cultural uplift with research in industrial efficiency in service of the war effort. As the program developed, it reflected concerns with the new female workforce, for the apathetic and unruly bodies of conscripted women workers threatened to slow production, detract from the nation's war effort, and even undermine “the health of all democracy.” Prized for its tonic qualities, MWYW was a powerful tool for factory discipline. Producers harnessed popular and light music, not according to entertainment or artistic values but for their effect on production, audibility, and impact on worker morale. Nevertheless, the program also evoked practices of dancing and background listening, which had become mass leisure activities during the preceding decades.
Jose Harris
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206859
- eISBN:
- 9780191677335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206859.003.0020
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Social History
To conclude, Beveridge played a significant part in moulding the institutions of modern Britain over the 19th and early 20th centuries. He combined in his own person the roles of social scientist and ...
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To conclude, Beveridge played a significant part in moulding the institutions of modern Britain over the 19th and early 20th centuries. He combined in his own person the roles of social scientist and practical reformer, journalist and popular moralist, politician and philanthropist. He can be simply described as a classic social reformer. Put in the most crudely simplified terms, Beveridge's vision of the ‘good society’ was a ‘republican’ rather than a ‘democratic’ vision. On this much grander issue, Beveridge remains after half a century a gigantic pyramid around whose lesser earthworks many pygmies crawl.Less
To conclude, Beveridge played a significant part in moulding the institutions of modern Britain over the 19th and early 20th centuries. He combined in his own person the roles of social scientist and practical reformer, journalist and popular moralist, politician and philanthropist. He can be simply described as a classic social reformer. Put in the most crudely simplified terms, Beveridge's vision of the ‘good society’ was a ‘republican’ rather than a ‘democratic’ vision. On this much grander issue, Beveridge remains after half a century a gigantic pyramid around whose lesser earthworks many pygmies crawl.
Nicholas Atkin
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719064388
- eISBN:
- 9781781700402
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719064388.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
It is widely assumed that the French in the British Isles during the Second World War were fully fledged supporters of General de Gaulle, and that, across the channel at least, the French were a ...
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It is widely assumed that the French in the British Isles during the Second World War were fully fledged supporters of General de Gaulle, and that, across the channel at least, the French were a ‘nation of resisters’. This study reveals that most exiles were on British soil by chance rather than by design, and that many were not sure whether to stay. Overlooked by historians, who have concentrated on the ‘Free French’ of de Gaulle, these were the ‘Forgotten French’: refugees swept off the beaches of Dunkirk; servicemen held in camps after the Franco-German armistice; Vichy consular officials left to cater for their compatriots; and a sizeable colonist community based mainly in London. Drawing on little-known archival sources, this study examines the hopes and fears of those communities who were bitterly divided among themselves, some being attracted to Pétain as much as to de Gaulle.Less
It is widely assumed that the French in the British Isles during the Second World War were fully fledged supporters of General de Gaulle, and that, across the channel at least, the French were a ‘nation of resisters’. This study reveals that most exiles were on British soil by chance rather than by design, and that many were not sure whether to stay. Overlooked by historians, who have concentrated on the ‘Free French’ of de Gaulle, these were the ‘Forgotten French’: refugees swept off the beaches of Dunkirk; servicemen held in camps after the Franco-German armistice; Vichy consular officials left to cater for their compatriots; and a sizeable colonist community based mainly in London. Drawing on little-known archival sources, this study examines the hopes and fears of those communities who were bitterly divided among themselves, some being attracted to Pétain as much as to de Gaulle.
Tim Brooks
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748625192
- eISBN:
- 9780748651351
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748625192.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
The introduction provides an overview of the British Second World War propaganda effort from the outbreak of war in September 1939 to the fall of France in June 1940, set alongside the military ...
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The introduction provides an overview of the British Second World War propaganda effort from the outbreak of war in September 1939 to the fall of France in June 1940, set alongside the military events. It introduces the concept of using propaganda as a means to continue the war after Dunkirk and some of the issues facing the organisation for propaganda set up by the British government to do so. It discusses the importance and nature of France as a target for British propaganda, and highlights, broadly, what British propaganda had to achieve. The introduction closes with a brief synopsis of the main chapters.Less
The introduction provides an overview of the British Second World War propaganda effort from the outbreak of war in September 1939 to the fall of France in June 1940, set alongside the military events. It introduces the concept of using propaganda as a means to continue the war after Dunkirk and some of the issues facing the organisation for propaganda set up by the British government to do so. It discusses the importance and nature of France as a target for British propaganda, and highlights, broadly, what British propaganda had to achieve. The introduction closes with a brief synopsis of the main chapters.
Geoffrey L. Rossano
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034881
- eISBN:
- 9780813038841
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034881.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Finding and attacking submarines with aircraft posed a difficult task in 1917–1918, and the station at Dunkirk operated under the most extreme conditions. It was the only American base to endure ...
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Finding and attacking submarines with aircraft posed a difficult task in 1917–1918, and the station at Dunkirk operated under the most extreme conditions. It was the only American base to endure continuous bombardment from land, sea, and air. Dunkirk also battled aggressive enemy air forces in significant numbers. The congested harbor offered treacherous conditions, while the base's limited size and extreme range of tide hampered launch and recovery of aircraft. The choice of machines also worked against completion of its mission. Obsolescent Donnet-Denhaut flying boats were severely underpowered as well as mechanically unreliable. Unfortunately, space restrictions precluded replacement with more capable flying boats.Less
Finding and attacking submarines with aircraft posed a difficult task in 1917–1918, and the station at Dunkirk operated under the most extreme conditions. It was the only American base to endure continuous bombardment from land, sea, and air. Dunkirk also battled aggressive enemy air forces in significant numbers. The congested harbor offered treacherous conditions, while the base's limited size and extreme range of tide hampered launch and recovery of aircraft. The choice of machines also worked against completion of its mission. Obsolescent Donnet-Denhaut flying boats were severely underpowered as well as mechanically unreliable. Unfortunately, space restrictions precluded replacement with more capable flying boats.
Harriet Guest
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199686810
- eISBN:
- 9780191767067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199686810.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature, Women's Literature
The first chapter discusses Charlotte Smith and Mary Robinson, poets and novelists whose work in the 1790s can be understood to be shaped by the competing demands of literary and commercial ambition, ...
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The first chapter discusses Charlotte Smith and Mary Robinson, poets and novelists whose work in the 1790s can be understood to be shaped by the competing demands of literary and commercial ambition, and political conviction. Both women were liberal in their politics, and both became part of the social circle around Mary Wollstonecraft, William Godwin and Joseph Johnson which supported so many progressive writers in the metropolis and beyond in this period. But those who participated in the sociable exchanges of this group were by no means homogenous in their political opinions, and their views changed across time and in response to changing events and environments. The chapter focuses on the poetry that Smith and Robinson published in 1793, the year in which France was finally provoked into declaring war on Britain. It traces their reflections on and responses to the changing nature of the revolution in France, and the onset of conflict with Britain, which were complicated by their concerns for their own entangled reputations and careers as women and writers. Texts discussed include Smith’s long poem, The Emigrants (1793), Robinson’s sonnet to Smith, and her three poems, Sight, The Cavern of Woe, and Solitude (1793).Less
The first chapter discusses Charlotte Smith and Mary Robinson, poets and novelists whose work in the 1790s can be understood to be shaped by the competing demands of literary and commercial ambition, and political conviction. Both women were liberal in their politics, and both became part of the social circle around Mary Wollstonecraft, William Godwin and Joseph Johnson which supported so many progressive writers in the metropolis and beyond in this period. But those who participated in the sociable exchanges of this group were by no means homogenous in their political opinions, and their views changed across time and in response to changing events and environments. The chapter focuses on the poetry that Smith and Robinson published in 1793, the year in which France was finally provoked into declaring war on Britain. It traces their reflections on and responses to the changing nature of the revolution in France, and the onset of conflict with Britain, which were complicated by their concerns for their own entangled reputations and careers as women and writers. Texts discussed include Smith’s long poem, The Emigrants (1793), Robinson’s sonnet to Smith, and her three poems, Sight, The Cavern of Woe, and Solitude (1793).
Rolf-Dieter Müller
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780813167381
- eISBN:
- 9780813168111
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813167381.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter examines the intentions and strategic reasoning behind significant German offenses during the Second World War, with a general description of unit movements and outcomes. Emboldened by ...
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This chapter examines the intentions and strategic reasoning behind significant German offenses during the Second World War, with a general description of unit movements and outcomes. Emboldened by success in France, Hitler was confident in attacking Russia, Ukraine, and the Caucasus. The intent was to plunder oil and other resources and obtain access to ports, thereby providing support for his “new order.” Wehrmacht leaders were shocked by the Russian response, having vastly underestimated the enemy. The Wehrmacht’s once powerful U-boat fleet and air force were eclipsed by the Allies. Fortress Europe could not stand. With Churchill’s determination, the US entry into the war, and Operation Overlord, the anti-Hitler coalition inexorably gained ground. Ultimately, Müller notes, it was Allied air superiority that helped defeat the Wehrmacht on land, on water, and in the air. The last bonds between Hitler and his Wehrmacht dissolved with Hitler’s suicide on 30 April 1945. The actual dissolution of the Wehrmacht came soon after, with its leaders’ unconditional surrender.Less
This chapter examines the intentions and strategic reasoning behind significant German offenses during the Second World War, with a general description of unit movements and outcomes. Emboldened by success in France, Hitler was confident in attacking Russia, Ukraine, and the Caucasus. The intent was to plunder oil and other resources and obtain access to ports, thereby providing support for his “new order.” Wehrmacht leaders were shocked by the Russian response, having vastly underestimated the enemy. The Wehrmacht’s once powerful U-boat fleet and air force were eclipsed by the Allies. Fortress Europe could not stand. With Churchill’s determination, the US entry into the war, and Operation Overlord, the anti-Hitler coalition inexorably gained ground. Ultimately, Müller notes, it was Allied air superiority that helped defeat the Wehrmacht on land, on water, and in the air. The last bonds between Hitler and his Wehrmacht dissolved with Hitler’s suicide on 30 April 1945. The actual dissolution of the Wehrmacht came soon after, with its leaders’ unconditional surrender.
Eberhard Crailsheim
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780986497339
- eISBN:
- 9781786944511
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497339.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter studies the commercial networks through which maritime traders on foreign soil connected with the global world of business. Using French and Flemish settlers in Seville in 1620, it ...
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This chapter studies the commercial networks through which maritime traders on foreign soil connected with the global world of business. Using French and Flemish settlers in Seville in 1620, it deconstructs Seville’s status as a ‘proto-global economy’; examines the trade activity on the Dunkirk-Seville route; the textile trade; and case studies of prominent merchants in the region in attempt to determine the role of foreign merchants in the trade network between American and Europe. It concludes that despite laws preventing foreigners from participating in American trade, networks built from social, familial, political, and economic frameworks made such trade possible.Less
This chapter studies the commercial networks through which maritime traders on foreign soil connected with the global world of business. Using French and Flemish settlers in Seville in 1620, it deconstructs Seville’s status as a ‘proto-global economy’; examines the trade activity on the Dunkirk-Seville route; the textile trade; and case studies of prominent merchants in the region in attempt to determine the role of foreign merchants in the trade network between American and Europe. It concludes that despite laws preventing foreigners from participating in American trade, networks built from social, familial, political, and economic frameworks made such trade possible.
Jaap R. Bruijn
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780986497353
- eISBN:
- 9781786944498
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497353.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This section explores the Dutch Republic’s navy in the late 1500s through to 1652, which Bruijn classifies as the ‘Old’ navy period. It is divided into four sections: naval operations against Spain ...
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This section explores the Dutch Republic’s navy in the late 1500s through to 1652, which Bruijn classifies as the ‘Old’ navy period. It is divided into four sections: naval operations against Spain and the Dunkirk Privateers; the boards of the Admiralties at work; the development of a naval officers’ corps; and the international demographics of naval crews and the labour conditions they worked under. It concludes in 1652, asserting that the standard system of operations was on the cusp of becoming obsolete when face to face with developments in shipping technology and structures.Less
This section explores the Dutch Republic’s navy in the late 1500s through to 1652, which Bruijn classifies as the ‘Old’ navy period. It is divided into four sections: naval operations against Spain and the Dunkirk Privateers; the boards of the Admiralties at work; the development of a naval officers’ corps; and the international demographics of naval crews and the labour conditions they worked under. It concludes in 1652, asserting that the standard system of operations was on the cusp of becoming obsolete when face to face with developments in shipping technology and structures.
Arieh J. Kochavi
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807829400
- eISBN:
- 9781469603636
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807876404_kochavi.6
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter focuses on the living conditions in German camps where British prisoners of war (POWs) were held captive during World War II, the way the POWs were treated by the Germans, and the ...
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This chapter focuses on the living conditions in German camps where British prisoners of war (POWs) were held captive during World War II, the way the POWs were treated by the Germans, and the measures taken by the British government to ensure their general welfare. In the aftermath of Dunkirk, Britain devoted all its energy on the struggle for survival at home and paid little attention to the fate of British troops captured by Nazi Germany. The chapter examines the health conditions of British POWs in German prison camps and the medical attention given to them, along with food and other services. It also looks at the creation of the Directorate of Prisoners of War within the British War Office and concludes by discussing the work of the International Committee of the Red Cross in Britain regarding British POWs in Germany.Less
This chapter focuses on the living conditions in German camps where British prisoners of war (POWs) were held captive during World War II, the way the POWs were treated by the Germans, and the measures taken by the British government to ensure their general welfare. In the aftermath of Dunkirk, Britain devoted all its energy on the struggle for survival at home and paid little attention to the fate of British troops captured by Nazi Germany. The chapter examines the health conditions of British POWs in German prison camps and the medical attention given to them, along with food and other services. It also looks at the creation of the Directorate of Prisoners of War within the British War Office and concludes by discussing the work of the International Committee of the Red Cross in Britain regarding British POWs in Germany.
Wendy Webster
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198735762
- eISBN:
- 9780191799747
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198735762.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter focuses on the different groups that arrived in Britain in 1940—mainly from the British Empire and the European continent. Journeys to Britain were often daring, improvised, and ...
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This chapter focuses on the different groups that arrived in Britain in 1940—mainly from the British Empire and the European continent. Journeys to Britain were often daring, improvised, and dangerous. In mid-1940, when an imminent invasion of Britain was widely expected, there was a climate of intense hostility to foreigners. The British government introduced a policy of mass internment of people of enemy nationality, but hostility was often directed at all foreigners in Britain, regardless of nationality, with suspicions that they were acting as spies and fifth columnists. In contrast, there was often a warm welcome for those arriving in military uniform and they featured prominently in British propaganda which emphasized a war fought by allies, not Britain standing alone. The chapter argues that by the end of 1940, the climate of intense hostility to foreigners had begun to change.Less
This chapter focuses on the different groups that arrived in Britain in 1940—mainly from the British Empire and the European continent. Journeys to Britain were often daring, improvised, and dangerous. In mid-1940, when an imminent invasion of Britain was widely expected, there was a climate of intense hostility to foreigners. The British government introduced a policy of mass internment of people of enemy nationality, but hostility was often directed at all foreigners in Britain, regardless of nationality, with suspicions that they were acting as spies and fifth columnists. In contrast, there was often a warm welcome for those arriving in military uniform and they featured prominently in British propaganda which emphasized a war fought by allies, not Britain standing alone. The chapter argues that by the end of 1940, the climate of intense hostility to foreigners had begun to change.
