Nancy Shields Kollmann
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199280513
- eISBN:
- 9780191822803
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280513.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, Cultural History
This chapter examines the Russian empire’s expansion east and south into Siberia and the steppe in the eighteenth century. Regarding the conquest of Siberia, it explores the role of Cossacks, the ...
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This chapter examines the Russian empire’s expansion east and south into Siberia and the steppe in the eighteenth century. Regarding the conquest of Siberia, it explores the role of Cossacks, the violence of the conquest and continued treatment of native peoples, and the in-migration of East Slavs. It surveys Russian in-migration and increasing control over the native peoples of the Middle Volga and Bashkiria, focusing on the punitive Orenburg expeditions and the creation of the Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly as an institution for Moscow to interact with and control its Muslim subjects. The chapter details the gradual destruction of autonomies of previous “imperial intermediaries” from the mid-eighteenth century, with the political absorption, reform, or even destruction of such groups as the Ukrainian, Zaporozhian, Don, and Ural Cossacks.Less
This chapter examines the Russian empire’s expansion east and south into Siberia and the steppe in the eighteenth century. Regarding the conquest of Siberia, it explores the role of Cossacks, the violence of the conquest and continued treatment of native peoples, and the in-migration of East Slavs. It surveys Russian in-migration and increasing control over the native peoples of the Middle Volga and Bashkiria, focusing on the punitive Orenburg expeditions and the creation of the Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly as an institution for Moscow to interact with and control its Muslim subjects. The chapter details the gradual destruction of autonomies of previous “imperial intermediaries” from the mid-eighteenth century, with the political absorption, reform, or even destruction of such groups as the Ukrainian, Zaporozhian, Don, and Ural Cossacks.
Mara Kozelsky
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190644710
- eISBN:
- 9780190644741
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190644710.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Military History
Chapter 3 addresses the month-long Allied march from Evpatoria on Crimea’s western shore toward Sevastopol, and includes the Battle of Alma. Chaos followed upon the heels of the enemy invasion as ...
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Chapter 3 addresses the month-long Allied march from Evpatoria on Crimea’s western shore toward Sevastopol, and includes the Battle of Alma. Chaos followed upon the heels of the enemy invasion as Commander A. S. Menshikov abandoned Evpatoria to the enemy in order to retrench around Sevastopol. Failure to address civilian needs in surrounding regions exacerbated fears of widespread Tatar mutiny. He assigned irregular Cossack forces, many of whom had been waging a war of conquest against Muslim tribes in the Caucasus, to settle order in Crimea. These Cossacks were not counted in military coffers, and so were left to extract food and supplies from local populations. Civilians protested their treatment, and a campaign of terror followed.Less
Chapter 3 addresses the month-long Allied march from Evpatoria on Crimea’s western shore toward Sevastopol, and includes the Battle of Alma. Chaos followed upon the heels of the enemy invasion as Commander A. S. Menshikov abandoned Evpatoria to the enemy in order to retrench around Sevastopol. Failure to address civilian needs in surrounding regions exacerbated fears of widespread Tatar mutiny. He assigned irregular Cossack forces, many of whom had been waging a war of conquest against Muslim tribes in the Caucasus, to settle order in Crimea. These Cossacks were not counted in military coffers, and so were left to extract food and supplies from local populations. Civilians protested their treatment, and a campaign of terror followed.
