Ádám Miklósi
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199295852
- eISBN:
- 9780191711688
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199295852.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter provides an overview of the methods used by scientists in the study of dog behaviour, and gives advice for the development of an ethologically-based approach to describing dog behaviour. ...
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This chapter provides an overview of the methods used by scientists in the study of dog behaviour, and gives advice for the development of an ethologically-based approach to describing dog behaviour. These methods involve qualitative or quantitative analysis of behaviour, but dogs are very good subjects for use in staged behavioural experiments which can retain their naturalness if designed carefully. The chapter also discusses problems of designing experiments for comparing different species (dogs, wolves, and children) or breeds of dogs.Less
This chapter provides an overview of the methods used by scientists in the study of dog behaviour, and gives advice for the development of an ethologically-based approach to describing dog behaviour. These methods involve qualitative or quantitative analysis of behaviour, but dogs are very good subjects for use in staged behavioural experiments which can retain their naturalness if designed carefully. The chapter also discusses problems of designing experiments for comparing different species (dogs, wolves, and children) or breeds of dogs.
Kaarina Kauhala and Midori Saeki
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198515562
- eISBN:
- 9780191705632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515562.003.0013
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
Japanese raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) have been isolated from populations (e.g., N. p. ussuriensis) on mainland Asia for about 12,000 years. Since the environment and climate ...
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Japanese raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) have been isolated from populations (e.g., N. p. ussuriensis) on mainland Asia for about 12,000 years. Since the environment and climate of Japan differ greatly from that on mainland Asia, different selection pressures have affected the two populations. This chapter compares several features of Finnish (N. p. ussuriensis, originally from SE Russia) and Japanese raccoon dogs to evaluate the progress of the Japanese raccoon dog towards speciation. It reviews the chromosome number, skull and tooth morphology, body size and weight, the ability to hibernate, reproduction, home ranges, habitat use, and diet of Japanese and Finnish raccoon dogs.Less
Japanese raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) have been isolated from populations (e.g., N. p. ussuriensis) on mainland Asia for about 12,000 years. Since the environment and climate of Japan differ greatly from that on mainland Asia, different selection pressures have affected the two populations. This chapter compares several features of Finnish (N. p. ussuriensis, originally from SE Russia) and Japanese raccoon dogs to evaluate the progress of the Japanese raccoon dog towards speciation. It reviews the chromosome number, skull and tooth morphology, body size and weight, the ability to hibernate, reproduction, home ranges, habitat use, and diet of Japanese and Finnish raccoon dogs.
Stephen H. Webb
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195152296
- eISBN:
- 9780199849178
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152296.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Many of us keep pet animals; we rely on them for companionship and unconditional love. For some people their closest relationships may be with their pets. In the wake of the animal rights movement, ...
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Many of us keep pet animals; we rely on them for companionship and unconditional love. For some people their closest relationships may be with their pets. In the wake of the animal rights movement, some ethicists have started to re-examine this relationship, and to question the rights of humans to “own” other sentient beings in this way. This book brings a Christian perspective to bear on the subject of our responsibility to animals, looked at through the lens of our relations with pets—especially dogs. The book argues that the emotional bond with companion animals should play a central role in the way we think about animals in general, and—against the more extreme animal liberationists—defends the intermingling of the human and animal worlds. It tries to imagine what it would be like to treat animals as a gift from God, and indeed argues that not only are animals a gift for us, but they give to us; we need to attend to their giving and return their gifts appropriately. Throughout, the book insists that what Christians call grace is present in our relations with animals just as it is with other humans. Grace is the inclusive and expansive power of God's love to create and sustain relationships of real mutuality and reciprocity, and the book unfolds the implications of the recognition that animals participate in God's abundant grace. The book's thesis affirms and persuasively defends many of the things that pet lovers feel instinctively—that their relationships with their companion animals are meaningful and important, and that their pets have value and worth in themselves in the eyes of God.Less
Many of us keep pet animals; we rely on them for companionship and unconditional love. For some people their closest relationships may be with their pets. In the wake of the animal rights movement, some ethicists have started to re-examine this relationship, and to question the rights of humans to “own” other sentient beings in this way. This book brings a Christian perspective to bear on the subject of our responsibility to animals, looked at through the lens of our relations with pets—especially dogs. The book argues that the emotional bond with companion animals should play a central role in the way we think about animals in general, and—against the more extreme animal liberationists—defends the intermingling of the human and animal worlds. It tries to imagine what it would be like to treat animals as a gift from God, and indeed argues that not only are animals a gift for us, but they give to us; we need to attend to their giving and return their gifts appropriately. Throughout, the book insists that what Christians call grace is present in our relations with animals just as it is with other humans. Grace is the inclusive and expansive power of God's love to create and sustain relationships of real mutuality and reciprocity, and the book unfolds the implications of the recognition that animals participate in God's abundant grace. The book's thesis affirms and persuasively defends many of the things that pet lovers feel instinctively—that their relationships with their companion animals are meaningful and important, and that their pets have value and worth in themselves in the eyes of God.
Norman A. Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195306750
- eISBN:
- 9780199790203
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195306750.003.0011
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter explores the timing of and evolutionary forces involved in our domestication of animals and plants. How many and which genes were involved? How long ago did these changes occur? Can we ...
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This chapter explores the timing of and evolutionary forces involved in our domestication of animals and plants. How many and which genes were involved? How long ago did these changes occur? Can we detect positive selection at the genetic loci involved? This chapter focuses on dogs and maize domestication. Dogs are derived exclusively from wolves, but are not wolves. Contrary to some early studies, it is now clear that dogs evolved only about 15,000 years ago and arose multiple times. The chapter also discusses results from the recently completed dog genome project. The timing and location of maize domestication are also discussed, as well as one gene that may have played a role in morphological changes as maize became domesticated. It concludes with a discussion about how patterns of human genetic variation may have been affected during the transition from a hunter-gatherer to an agriculture-based lifestyle.Less
This chapter explores the timing of and evolutionary forces involved in our domestication of animals and plants. How many and which genes were involved? How long ago did these changes occur? Can we detect positive selection at the genetic loci involved? This chapter focuses on dogs and maize domestication. Dogs are derived exclusively from wolves, but are not wolves. Contrary to some early studies, it is now clear that dogs evolved only about 15,000 years ago and arose multiple times. The chapter also discusses results from the recently completed dog genome project. The timing and location of maize domestication are also discussed, as well as one gene that may have played a role in morphological changes as maize became domesticated. It concludes with a discussion about how patterns of human genetic variation may have been affected during the transition from a hunter-gatherer to an agriculture-based lifestyle.
Deborah A. (Smith) Woollett, Aimee Hurt, and Ngaio L. Richards
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199663217
- eISBN:
- 9780191810183
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199663217.003.0010
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses the use of free-ranging detection dogs in conservation and management efforts, providing an overview of the benefits of this approach. Free-ranging detection dogs are referred ...
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This chapter discusses the use of free-ranging detection dogs in conservation and management efforts, providing an overview of the benefits of this approach. Free-ranging detection dogs are referred to as conservation dogs, conservation detection dogs, and scat detection dogs. The chapter also reviews the studies on the versatility of free-ranging detection dogs and their notable contributions.Less
This chapter discusses the use of free-ranging detection dogs in conservation and management efforts, providing an overview of the benefits of this approach. Free-ranging detection dogs are referred to as conservation dogs, conservation detection dogs, and scat detection dogs. The chapter also reviews the studies on the versatility of free-ranging detection dogs and their notable contributions.
Christopher Hood, Henry Rothstein, and Robert Baldwin
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199243631
- eISBN:
- 9780191599507
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199243638.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Uses the analytic framework developed in Ch. 2 to compare nine different risk regulation regimes, bringing out their similarities and differences. Those risks include attacks by dangerous dogs ...
More
Uses the analytic framework developed in Ch. 2 to compare nine different risk regulation regimes, bringing out their similarities and differences. Those risks include attacks by dangerous dogs outside the home, exposure to radon at home and work, benzene in the air and in the workplace, paedophile offenders released from custody, local road safety, and exposure to pesticide residues in food and water. Analysis of those regimes provides empirical evidence that there are substantial differences between the regulation of different risks and even the same risks within different contexts. Those variations are not easily explained by historical ‘big picture’ theories, such as the risk society thesis. Instead, investigation of the revealed variations between regimes suggests a need for more systematic and nuanced explanations.Less
Uses the analytic framework developed in Ch. 2 to compare nine different risk regulation regimes, bringing out their similarities and differences. Those risks include attacks by dangerous dogs outside the home, exposure to radon at home and work, benzene in the air and in the workplace, paedophile offenders released from custody, local road safety, and exposure to pesticide residues in food and water. Analysis of those regimes provides empirical evidence that there are substantial differences between the regulation of different risks and even the same risks within different contexts. Those variations are not easily explained by historical ‘big picture’ theories, such as the risk society thesis. Instead, investigation of the revealed variations between regimes suggests a need for more systematic and nuanced explanations.
Aaron Herald Skabelund
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450259
- eISBN:
- 9780801463235
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450259.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
In 1924, Professor Ueno Eizaburo of Tokyo Imperial University adopted an Akita puppy he named Hachikō. Each evening Hachikō greeted Ueno on his return to Shibuya railway station. In May 1925 Ueno ...
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In 1924, Professor Ueno Eizaburo of Tokyo Imperial University adopted an Akita puppy he named Hachikō. Each evening Hachikō greeted Ueno on his return to Shibuya railway station. In May 1925 Ueno died while giving a lecture. Every day for over nine years the Akita waited at Shibuya Station, eventually becoming nationally and even internationally famous for his purported loyalty. A year before his death in 1935, the city of Tokyo erected a statue of Hachikō outside the station. The story of Hachikō reveals much about the place of dogs in Japan's cultural imagination. This book examines the history and cultural significance of dogs in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Japan, beginning with the arrival of Western dog breeds and new modes of dog keeping, which spread throughout the world with Western imperialism. It highlights how dogs joined with humans to create the modern imperial world and how, in turn, imperialism shaped dogs' bodies and their relationship with humans through its impact on dog-breeding and dog-keeping practices that pervade much of the world today.Less
In 1924, Professor Ueno Eizaburo of Tokyo Imperial University adopted an Akita puppy he named Hachikō. Each evening Hachikō greeted Ueno on his return to Shibuya railway station. In May 1925 Ueno died while giving a lecture. Every day for over nine years the Akita waited at Shibuya Station, eventually becoming nationally and even internationally famous for his purported loyalty. A year before his death in 1935, the city of Tokyo erected a statue of Hachikō outside the station. The story of Hachikō reveals much about the place of dogs in Japan's cultural imagination. This book examines the history and cultural significance of dogs in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Japan, beginning with the arrival of Western dog breeds and new modes of dog keeping, which spread throughout the world with Western imperialism. It highlights how dogs joined with humans to create the modern imperial world and how, in turn, imperialism shaped dogs' bodies and their relationship with humans through its impact on dog-breeding and dog-keeping practices that pervade much of the world today.
Aaron Herald Skabelund
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450259
- eISBN:
- 9780801463235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450259.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter discusses the deployment of dogs during the First and Second World Wars. Almost all combatant nations, including Japan, employed dogs to perform military-related tasks during the two ...
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This chapter discusses the deployment of dogs during the First and Second World Wars. Almost all combatant nations, including Japan, employed dogs to perform military-related tasks during the two world wars. The widespread, systematic deployment of canines occurred even as the mechanization of warfare seemed to be rendering animals obsolete for military use. Especially during World War II, dogs joined humans and other creatures—great and small—in larger numbers. An attention to military dogs highlights the uniquely twentieth-century phenomenon of total war. This chapter examines the rhetorical function of “dogs of war” by focusing on canine mobilization during warfare. It considers the use of various animal tropes in wartime propaganda, along with the relationship between the symbolic deployment of creatures and their actual deployment, collective behavior, and individual actions. It also explores the mobilization of dogs and other animals by national education systems and private media.Less
This chapter discusses the deployment of dogs during the First and Second World Wars. Almost all combatant nations, including Japan, employed dogs to perform military-related tasks during the two world wars. The widespread, systematic deployment of canines occurred even as the mechanization of warfare seemed to be rendering animals obsolete for military use. Especially during World War II, dogs joined humans and other creatures—great and small—in larger numbers. An attention to military dogs highlights the uniquely twentieth-century phenomenon of total war. This chapter examines the rhetorical function of “dogs of war” by focusing on canine mobilization during warfare. It considers the use of various animal tropes in wartime propaganda, along with the relationship between the symbolic deployment of creatures and their actual deployment, collective behavior, and individual actions. It also explores the mobilization of dogs and other animals by national education systems and private media.
Ádám Miklósi
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199295852
- eISBN:
- 9780191711688
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199295852.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter provides a comparative background for the study of dog behaviour by introducing the main behavioural features of dog-like species of Canis. The main aim here is to give an understanding ...
More
This chapter provides a comparative background for the study of dog behaviour by introducing the main behavioural features of dog-like species of Canis. The main aim here is to give an understanding of evolutionary and ecological constraints that might have played an important role in shaping the behaviour of this group of predators. Most emphasis is given to the behaviour of the wolf, which is considered to be the ancestor of all dogs living today. A detailed review of the social aspects of wolf behaviour offers also a comparison to the similar traits in feral dogs.Less
This chapter provides a comparative background for the study of dog behaviour by introducing the main behavioural features of dog-like species of Canis. The main aim here is to give an understanding of evolutionary and ecological constraints that might have played an important role in shaping the behaviour of this group of predators. Most emphasis is given to the behaviour of the wolf, which is considered to be the ancestor of all dogs living today. A detailed review of the social aspects of wolf behaviour offers also a comparison to the similar traits in feral dogs.
Matthew E. Gompper
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199663217
- eISBN:
- 9780191810183
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199663217.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter reviews the evolutionary history, the population sizes across the globe, and the demographics of dogs, providing a baseline for discussions about the interactions of dogs, humans, and ...
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This chapter reviews the evolutionary history, the population sizes across the globe, and the demographics of dogs, providing a baseline for discussions about the interactions of dogs, humans, and wildlife. It also delves into the origin and taxonomic classification of dogs. It examines the direct and indirect influence of dogs on wildlife.Less
This chapter reviews the evolutionary history, the population sizes across the globe, and the demographics of dogs, providing a baseline for discussions about the interactions of dogs, humans, and wildlife. It also delves into the origin and taxonomic classification of dogs. It examines the direct and indirect influence of dogs on wildlife.
Jolyon Mitchell
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195335989
- eISBN:
- 9780199868940
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335989.003.0022
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Focusing on the film Shooting Dogs (2005) and its specific historical context, the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, this chapter brings to light many of the different lines of inquiry available when teaching ...
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Focusing on the film Shooting Dogs (2005) and its specific historical context, the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, this chapter brings to light many of the different lines of inquiry available when teaching about genocide from a religious perspective. The chapter communicates the wealth of pedagogical potential by examining the themes of absence, ritual, and presence in Shooting Dogs and then by considering the more general issues of witnessing, viewing, and remembering when it comes to the moral challenges of the fact of genocide. The chapter contends that film education, at its best, can assist students in developing a more critical understanding of the difficulties raised by attempting to depict genocide cinematically, the related religious and theological issues, and the wider problems and values of cinematic violence. Undertaken in a creative, supportive, and imaginative environment, film education that focuses on seeing through films about genocide may even inspire students to consider ways of living that will promote a more peaceful world.Less
Focusing on the film Shooting Dogs (2005) and its specific historical context, the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, this chapter brings to light many of the different lines of inquiry available when teaching about genocide from a religious perspective. The chapter communicates the wealth of pedagogical potential by examining the themes of absence, ritual, and presence in Shooting Dogs and then by considering the more general issues of witnessing, viewing, and remembering when it comes to the moral challenges of the fact of genocide. The chapter contends that film education, at its best, can assist students in developing a more critical understanding of the difficulties raised by attempting to depict genocide cinematically, the related religious and theological issues, and the wider problems and values of cinematic violence. Undertaken in a creative, supportive, and imaginative environment, film education that focuses on seeing through films about genocide may even inspire students to consider ways of living that will promote a more peaceful world.
Dale F. Lott
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520233386
- eISBN:
- 9780520930742
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520233386.003.0015
- Subject:
- Biology, Natural History and Field Guides
Badgers are carnivorous digging machines. They have short, powerful limbs; long, strong claws; a wedge-shaped head; and no noticeable neck. Out on the Great Plains, that means a lot of prairie dogs ...
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Badgers are carnivorous digging machines. They have short, powerful limbs; long, strong claws; a wedge-shaped head; and no noticeable neck. Out on the Great Plains, that means a lot of prairie dogs for them. Behavioral ecology theory predicts most small carnivores will be solitary, and American badgers conform emphatically. The females defend an area large enough to feed themselves, post it with scent marks, and patrol. Females go where the food is, males go where the females are. Stories about badgers and coyotes teaming up have long been part of the lore of Native Americans.Less
Badgers are carnivorous digging machines. They have short, powerful limbs; long, strong claws; a wedge-shaped head; and no noticeable neck. Out on the Great Plains, that means a lot of prairie dogs for them. Behavioral ecology theory predicts most small carnivores will be solitary, and American badgers conform emphatically. The females defend an area large enough to feed themselves, post it with scent marks, and patrol. Females go where the food is, males go where the females are. Stories about badgers and coyotes teaming up have long been part of the lore of Native Americans.
Larry Carbone
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195161960
- eISBN:
- 9780199790067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195161960.003.0010
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
Claiming a billion-dollar price tag for compliance, the biomedical research community reacted forcefully to two new provisions of the 1985 Animal Welfare Act amendment calling for exercise programs ...
More
Claiming a billion-dollar price tag for compliance, the biomedical research community reacted forcefully to two new provisions of the 1985 Animal Welfare Act amendment calling for exercise programs for dogs and for maintenance of the psychological well-being of primates. This chapter reviews this history, including a look at the scientific studies of dog exercise that were deployed to allay expensive exercise regulations, as veterinarian-scientists fought an uphill battle in convincing the USDA that despite what “everyone knows” about dogs, they neither need nor choose more exercise than what they can get living alone in a small cage.Less
Claiming a billion-dollar price tag for compliance, the biomedical research community reacted forcefully to two new provisions of the 1985 Animal Welfare Act amendment calling for exercise programs for dogs and for maintenance of the psychological well-being of primates. This chapter reviews this history, including a look at the scientific studies of dog exercise that were deployed to allay expensive exercise regulations, as veterinarian-scientists fought an uphill battle in convincing the USDA that despite what “everyone knows” about dogs, they neither need nor choose more exercise than what they can get living alone in a small cage.
Colin Dayan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691070919
- eISBN:
- 9781400838592
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691070919.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter argues that the nature and status of dogs as defined by law are crucial to understanding the limits of restitution and the uneven application of remedy to persons who must answer to or ...
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This chapter argues that the nature and status of dogs as defined by law are crucial to understanding the limits of restitution and the uneven application of remedy to persons who must answer to or reckon with the law. One of the more vexing issues in prosecutions for larceny is whether dogs are subjects of property. If they are not, then their loss through thievery cannot be a cause for restitution in law. Implied here is an obligation to assess a dog's value and usefulness. In this intermediate, imperfect state, they were simply not property as were other chattels, including slaves. It was legally impossible that human chattels occupy a state in between freedom and servitude or between worth and uselessness. If they had no value as instruments of labor or procreation, then they literally had no reason for being and no legal protections against neglect or mutilation, maiming or death.Less
This chapter argues that the nature and status of dogs as defined by law are crucial to understanding the limits of restitution and the uneven application of remedy to persons who must answer to or reckon with the law. One of the more vexing issues in prosecutions for larceny is whether dogs are subjects of property. If they are not, then their loss through thievery cannot be a cause for restitution in law. Implied here is an obligation to assess a dog's value and usefulness. In this intermediate, imperfect state, they were simply not property as were other chattels, including slaves. It was legally impossible that human chattels occupy a state in between freedom and servitude or between worth and uselessness. If they had no value as instruments of labor or procreation, then they literally had no reason for being and no legal protections against neglect or mutilation, maiming or death.
Rebecca A. Adelman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780823281671
- eISBN:
- 9780823284788
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823281671.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
Figuring Violence catalogs the affects that define the latter stages of the war on terror and the imaginative work that underpins them. These affects—apprehension, affection, admiration, gratitude, ...
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Figuring Violence catalogs the affects that define the latter stages of the war on terror and the imaginative work that underpins them. These affects—apprehension, affection, admiration, gratitude, pity, and righteous anger—are far more pleasurable and durable than their predecessors. Hence, they are deeply compatible with the ambitions of a state embroiling itself in a perpetual and essentially unwinnable war. Surveying the cultural landscape of this sprawling conflict, Figuring Violence reveals the varied mechanisms by which these affects have been militarized. This book tracks their convergences around six types of beings: civilian children, military children, military spouses, veterans with PTSD and TBI, Guantánamo detainees, and military dogs. All of these groups have become preferred objects of sentiment in wartime public culture, but they also have in common their status as political subjects who are partially or fully unknowable. They become visible to outsiders through a range of mediated and imaginative practices that are ostensibly motivated by concern or compassion. However, these practices actually function to reduce these beings to abstracted figures and so make them easy targets for affective investment. This is a paradoxical and conditional form of recognition that eclipses the actual beings upon whom those figures are patterned, silencing their political subjectivities and obscuring their suffering. As a result, they are erased and rendered hypervisible at once. Figuring Violence demonstrates that this dynamic ultimately propagates the very militarism that begets their victimization.Less
Figuring Violence catalogs the affects that define the latter stages of the war on terror and the imaginative work that underpins them. These affects—apprehension, affection, admiration, gratitude, pity, and righteous anger—are far more pleasurable and durable than their predecessors. Hence, they are deeply compatible with the ambitions of a state embroiling itself in a perpetual and essentially unwinnable war. Surveying the cultural landscape of this sprawling conflict, Figuring Violence reveals the varied mechanisms by which these affects have been militarized. This book tracks their convergences around six types of beings: civilian children, military children, military spouses, veterans with PTSD and TBI, Guantánamo detainees, and military dogs. All of these groups have become preferred objects of sentiment in wartime public culture, but they also have in common their status as political subjects who are partially or fully unknowable. They become visible to outsiders through a range of mediated and imaginative practices that are ostensibly motivated by concern or compassion. However, these practices actually function to reduce these beings to abstracted figures and so make them easy targets for affective investment. This is a paradoxical and conditional form of recognition that eclipses the actual beings upon whom those figures are patterned, silencing their political subjectivities and obscuring their suffering. As a result, they are erased and rendered hypervisible at once. Figuring Violence demonstrates that this dynamic ultimately propagates the very militarism that begets their victimization.
Scott Creel, Michael G. L. Mills, and J. Weldon McNutt
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198515562
- eISBN:
- 9780191705632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515562.003.0022
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) always have low population densities when compared to sympatric large carnivores. Most populations are small, and only a handful exceeds 500. Three of the largest ...
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African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) always have low population densities when compared to sympatric large carnivores. Most populations are small, and only a handful exceeds 500. Three of the largest remaining wild dog populations are found in Kruger National Park (South Africa), the Selous Game Reserve (Tanzania), and Northern Botswana. With a total of 1,900-2,500 individuals, these areas protect about one-third of the African wild dogs alive today, and the future of wild dog conservation rests in large part on these ecosystems. This chapter identifies the demographic variables that have a strong impact on growth and aims to determine conservation priorities and evaluate management actions.Less
African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) always have low population densities when compared to sympatric large carnivores. Most populations are small, and only a handful exceeds 500. Three of the largest remaining wild dog populations are found in Kruger National Park (South Africa), the Selous Game Reserve (Tanzania), and Northern Botswana. With a total of 1,900-2,500 individuals, these areas protect about one-third of the African wild dogs alive today, and the future of wild dog conservation rests in large part on these ecosystems. This chapter identifies the demographic variables that have a strong impact on growth and aims to determine conservation priorities and evaluate management actions.
Raymond Pierotti and Brandy R Fogg
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780300226164
- eISBN:
- 9780300231670
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300226164.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
This book changes the narrative about how wolves became dogs and in turn, humanity's best friend. Rather than describe how people mastered and tamed an aggressive, dangerous species, the authors ...
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This book changes the narrative about how wolves became dogs and in turn, humanity's best friend. Rather than describe how people mastered and tamed an aggressive, dangerous species, the authors describe coevolution and mutualism. Wolves, particularly ones shunned by their packs, most likely initiated the relationship with Paleolithic humans, forming bonds built on mutually recognized skills and emotional capacity. This interdisciplinary study draws on sources from evolutionary biology as well as tribal and indigenous histories to produce an intelligent, insightful, and often unexpected story of cooperative hunting, wolves protecting camps, and wolf–human companionship. This fascinating assessment is a must-read for anyone interested in human evolution, ecology, animal behavior, anthropology, and the history of canine domestication.Less
This book changes the narrative about how wolves became dogs and in turn, humanity's best friend. Rather than describe how people mastered and tamed an aggressive, dangerous species, the authors describe coevolution and mutualism. Wolves, particularly ones shunned by their packs, most likely initiated the relationship with Paleolithic humans, forming bonds built on mutually recognized skills and emotional capacity. This interdisciplinary study draws on sources from evolutionary biology as well as tribal and indigenous histories to produce an intelligent, insightful, and often unexpected story of cooperative hunting, wolves protecting camps, and wolf–human companionship. This fascinating assessment is a must-read for anyone interested in human evolution, ecology, animal behavior, anthropology, and the history of canine domestication.
Cynthia J. Van Zandt
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195181241
- eISBN:
- 9780199870776
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181241.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter focuses on 1580–1640 as a period of crucial experimentation with intercultural alliances. It argues that Indians and Europeans laid the groundwork for some of the most important ...
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This chapter focuses on 1580–1640 as a period of crucial experimentation with intercultural alliances. It argues that Indians and Europeans laid the groundwork for some of the most important intercultural relationships before 1640. Moreover, by the 1630s, a growing number of mutually beneficial intercultural alliances were in place throughout the Atlantic seaboard. All of these rested on earlier unsuccessful attempts at alliance building. The chapter discusses successful and unsuccessful efforts by Europeans and native peoples to find ways to communicate. In addition, it explores such unsuccessful alliance-building strategies as preemptive strikes, kidnapping, and the use of war dogs.Less
This chapter focuses on 1580–1640 as a period of crucial experimentation with intercultural alliances. It argues that Indians and Europeans laid the groundwork for some of the most important intercultural relationships before 1640. Moreover, by the 1630s, a growing number of mutually beneficial intercultural alliances were in place throughout the Atlantic seaboard. All of these rested on earlier unsuccessful attempts at alliance building. The chapter discusses successful and unsuccessful efforts by Europeans and native peoples to find ways to communicate. In addition, it explores such unsuccessful alliance-building strategies as preemptive strikes, kidnapping, and the use of war dogs.
Raymond Pierotti and Brandy R. Fogg
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780300226164
- eISBN:
- 9780300231670
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300226164.003.0012
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
This chapter discusses the bonds and relationships that exist between humans and different types of canids. A crucial point is that the social bond between humans and wolves that changed into ...
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This chapter discusses the bonds and relationships that exist between humans and different types of canids. A crucial point is that the social bond between humans and wolves that changed into domestic dogs is the source of both major pleasures and major conflicts between humans and their canid companions. Large domestic dogs have the anatomy of serious predators combined with a confidence in their interactions with humans that can lead to aggression and grave conflict. In contrast, wolves and high-percentage crosses between wolves and dogs tend to be timid, retreating when faced with unfamiliar humans. The chapter then addresses the “danger” presented by various breeds, including wolves and wolf-dogs, and challenges a number of points of received thinking, including the notion of the equivalency of “wild” and “dangerous.” A major aspect of the “danger” from a canid is associated with size above all else, which is to be expected in dealing with large predatory animals.Less
This chapter discusses the bonds and relationships that exist between humans and different types of canids. A crucial point is that the social bond between humans and wolves that changed into domestic dogs is the source of both major pleasures and major conflicts between humans and their canid companions. Large domestic dogs have the anatomy of serious predators combined with a confidence in their interactions with humans that can lead to aggression and grave conflict. In contrast, wolves and high-percentage crosses between wolves and dogs tend to be timid, retreating when faced with unfamiliar humans. The chapter then addresses the “danger” presented by various breeds, including wolves and wolf-dogs, and challenges a number of points of received thinking, including the notion of the equivalency of “wild” and “dangerous.” A major aspect of the “danger” from a canid is associated with size above all else, which is to be expected in dealing with large predatory animals.
Elizabeth Head
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195369007
- eISBN:
- 9780199865253
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195369007.003.0009
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Systems, Development
This chapter discusses some of the neurobiological characteristics of the aging dog brain. Aged canines develop signs of neuronal, white matter, and vascular degeneration as observed in human brain ...
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This chapter discusses some of the neurobiological characteristics of the aging dog brain. Aged canines develop signs of neuronal, white matter, and vascular degeneration as observed in human brain aging. Cortical atrophy, white matter degeneration, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and neuron loss may be due to progressive Aβ, tau phosphorylation, and oxidative damage accumulation. Neurodegeneration in the canine brain may form the basis for observations of cognitive decline in multiple domains, including learning and memory.Less
This chapter discusses some of the neurobiological characteristics of the aging dog brain. Aged canines develop signs of neuronal, white matter, and vascular degeneration as observed in human brain aging. Cortical atrophy, white matter degeneration, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and neuron loss may be due to progressive Aβ, tau phosphorylation, and oxidative damage accumulation. Neurodegeneration in the canine brain may form the basis for observations of cognitive decline in multiple domains, including learning and memory.
