Khalid Koser
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199600458
- eISBN:
- 9780191723544
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199600458.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
A chapter on internally displaced persons (IDPs) stands out from the other chapters in this volume in that it concerns internal rather than international migrants; and people who are therefore almost ...
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A chapter on internally displaced persons (IDPs) stands out from the other chapters in this volume in that it concerns internal rather than international migrants; and people who are therefore almost always citizens of the country where they have migrated or been displaced. In addition to providing an overview of the institutional, political, and normative elements of the response to internal displacement, this chapter therefore focuses on wider implications for the global governance of international migration. Citizenship is still on the whole the preserve of sovereign states, and so inter-state regulation is less an issue for IDPs than for international migrants. At the same time, there has been a rapid evolution of institutional cooperation in assisting and protecting IDPs. The way that international organizations have overcome institutional rivalries and worked towards innovative responses to gaps in their mandates to protect IDPs has important lessons for the international response to other migrants such as those resulting from the effects of climate change who do not clearly fall within the responsibility of a single agency. At the political level, the key challenge has been to negotiate international intervention in a sovereign domain. The evolution of the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P) concept has been critical here, and this chapter analyses its relationship to IDPs. At the same time, the way that R2P also pertains to the protection of other migratory citizens, including internal migrants, returning refugees, and international migrants, is analysed. Finally, at the normative level, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement represent a good example of ‘bottom-up’ consensus-building. The Guiding Principles are in essence a restatement of existing international humanitarian and human rights law as they apply to IDPs, and are not binding upon states. They have nevertheless gained widespread international acceptance and form the basis for a growing body of domestic law. There may be lessons to learn here for the global governance of particularly controversial areas of international migration such as migrant workers.Less
A chapter on internally displaced persons (IDPs) stands out from the other chapters in this volume in that it concerns internal rather than international migrants; and people who are therefore almost always citizens of the country where they have migrated or been displaced. In addition to providing an overview of the institutional, political, and normative elements of the response to internal displacement, this chapter therefore focuses on wider implications for the global governance of international migration. Citizenship is still on the whole the preserve of sovereign states, and so inter-state regulation is less an issue for IDPs than for international migrants. At the same time, there has been a rapid evolution of institutional cooperation in assisting and protecting IDPs. The way that international organizations have overcome institutional rivalries and worked towards innovative responses to gaps in their mandates to protect IDPs has important lessons for the international response to other migrants such as those resulting from the effects of climate change who do not clearly fall within the responsibility of a single agency. At the political level, the key challenge has been to negotiate international intervention in a sovereign domain. The evolution of the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P) concept has been critical here, and this chapter analyses its relationship to IDPs. At the same time, the way that R2P also pertains to the protection of other migratory citizens, including internal migrants, returning refugees, and international migrants, is analysed. Finally, at the normative level, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement represent a good example of ‘bottom-up’ consensus-building. The Guiding Principles are in essence a restatement of existing international humanitarian and human rights law as they apply to IDPs, and are not binding upon states. They have nevertheless gained widespread international acceptance and form the basis for a growing body of domestic law. There may be lessons to learn here for the global governance of particularly controversial areas of international migration such as migrant workers.
M. Jan Holton
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300207620
- eISBN:
- 9780300220797
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300207620.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Longing for Home explores the psychological, social, and theological impact of forcibly losing one’s home place and asks two questions: What is it about home that makes its loss so profound? And, How ...
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Longing for Home explores the psychological, social, and theological impact of forcibly losing one’s home place and asks two questions: What is it about home that makes its loss so profound? And, How should we think about this theologically?
This book explores the notion of home and its loss from the perspectives of four very diverse groups who have suffered forced displacement: an indigenous tribe of Batwa in Uganda, refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Congo and Sudan, American soldiers struggling with PTSD, and homeless persons in the United States. The author uses her own experiences in the Ugandan mountains, ethnographic research in refugee camps in Congo and Sudan and internally displaced persons, published stories of American soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, and life in a transitional facility for homeless persons as windows into these contexts and stories of forced displacement. Through these intense, sometimes tragic encounters, the psychological, social, and theological impact of living without home becomes clear as does the often exclusionary response of the communities in which they seek care. The author suggests that a moral obligation of care grounded in relational postures of hospitality—or predispositions toward the other that precede practices—are at the heart of breaking through social exclusion and helping each to lean into God in ways that invite home of a different kind. The book’s concrete experiences of communities of displacement add a unique element that both challenges and complements psychological and social theories. The end result is a constructive contribution to both practical and public theology.Less
Longing for Home explores the psychological, social, and theological impact of forcibly losing one’s home place and asks two questions: What is it about home that makes its loss so profound? And, How should we think about this theologically?
This book explores the notion of home and its loss from the perspectives of four very diverse groups who have suffered forced displacement: an indigenous tribe of Batwa in Uganda, refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Congo and Sudan, American soldiers struggling with PTSD, and homeless persons in the United States. The author uses her own experiences in the Ugandan mountains, ethnographic research in refugee camps in Congo and Sudan and internally displaced persons, published stories of American soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, and life in a transitional facility for homeless persons as windows into these contexts and stories of forced displacement. Through these intense, sometimes tragic encounters, the psychological, social, and theological impact of living without home becomes clear as does the often exclusionary response of the communities in which they seek care. The author suggests that a moral obligation of care grounded in relational postures of hospitality—or predispositions toward the other that precede practices—are at the heart of breaking through social exclusion and helping each to lean into God in ways that invite home of a different kind. The book’s concrete experiences of communities of displacement add a unique element that both challenges and complements psychological and social theories. The end result is a constructive contribution to both practical and public theology.
Ashanté M. Reese
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781469651507
- eISBN:
- 9781469651521
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651507.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
In this book, Ashanté M. Reese makes clear the structural forces that determine food access in urban areas, highlighting Black residents’ navigation of and resistance to unequal food distribution ...
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In this book, Ashanté M. Reese makes clear the structural forces that determine food access in urban areas, highlighting Black residents’ navigation of and resistance to unequal food distribution systems. Linking these local food issues to the national problem of systemic racism, Reese examines the history of the majority-Black Deanwood neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, Reese not only documents racism and residential segregation in the nation’s capital but also tracks the ways transnational food corporations have shaped food availability. By connecting community members’ stories to the larger issues of racism and gentrification, Reese shows there are hundreds of Deanwoods across the country. Reese’s geographies of self-reliance offer an alternative to models that depict Black residents as lacking agency, demonstrating how an ethnographically grounded study can locate and amplify nuances in how Black life unfolds within the context of unequal food access.Less
In this book, Ashanté M. Reese makes clear the structural forces that determine food access in urban areas, highlighting Black residents’ navigation of and resistance to unequal food distribution systems. Linking these local food issues to the national problem of systemic racism, Reese examines the history of the majority-Black Deanwood neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, Reese not only documents racism and residential segregation in the nation’s capital but also tracks the ways transnational food corporations have shaped food availability. By connecting community members’ stories to the larger issues of racism and gentrification, Reese shows there are hundreds of Deanwoods across the country. Reese’s geographies of self-reliance offer an alternative to models that depict Black residents as lacking agency, demonstrating how an ethnographically grounded study can locate and amplify nuances in how Black life unfolds within the context of unequal food access.
Marjorie Mayo
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447329312
- eISBN:
- 9781447329466
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447329312.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This book brings theoretical understandings of migration and displacement (including displacement as a result of urban redevelopment programmes) together with empirical illustrations of the varying ...
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This book brings theoretical understandings of migration and displacement (including displacement as a result of urban redevelopment programmes) together with empirical illustrations of the varying ways in which communities respond. These responses can be negative, divisive and exclusionary. But responses to migration and displacement can also be positive and mutually supportive, building solidarities both within and between communities, whether locally or transnationally. Drawing upon original research, the book includes case studies from varying international contexts, illustrating how different communities respond to the challenges of migration and displacement. These include examples of responses through community arts – such as poetry, story-telling and photography, exploring the scope for building communities (including transnational, diaspora communities) of solidarity and social justice.
The concluding chapters identify potential implications for public policy and professional practice, aiming to promote communities of solidarity, addressing the structural causes of widening inequalities, taking account of different interests, including those related to social class, gender, ethnicity, ability and age.Less
This book brings theoretical understandings of migration and displacement (including displacement as a result of urban redevelopment programmes) together with empirical illustrations of the varying ways in which communities respond. These responses can be negative, divisive and exclusionary. But responses to migration and displacement can also be positive and mutually supportive, building solidarities both within and between communities, whether locally or transnationally. Drawing upon original research, the book includes case studies from varying international contexts, illustrating how different communities respond to the challenges of migration and displacement. These include examples of responses through community arts – such as poetry, story-telling and photography, exploring the scope for building communities (including transnational, diaspora communities) of solidarity and social justice.
The concluding chapters identify potential implications for public policy and professional practice, aiming to promote communities of solidarity, addressing the structural causes of widening inequalities, taking account of different interests, including those related to social class, gender, ethnicity, ability and age.
Bernice Kurchin
Diane F. George (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056197
- eISBN:
- 9780813053950
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056197.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
In situations of displacement, disruption, and difference, humans adapt by actively creating, re-creating, and adjusting their identities using the material world. This book employs the discipline of ...
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In situations of displacement, disruption, and difference, humans adapt by actively creating, re-creating, and adjusting their identities using the material world. This book employs the discipline of historical archaeology to study this process as it occurs in new and challenging environments. The case studies furnish varied instances of people wresting control from others who wish to define them and of adaptive transformation by people who find themselves in new and strange worlds. The authors consider multiple aspects of identity, such as race, class, gender, and ethnicity, and look for ways to understand its fluid and intersecting nature. The book seeks to make the study of the past relevant to our globalized, postcolonized, and capitalized world. Questions of identity formation are critical in understanding the world today, in which boundaries are simultaneously breaking down and being built up, and humans are constantly adapting to the ever-changing milieu. This book tackles these questions not only in multiple dimensions of earthly space but also in a panorama of historical time. Moving from the ancient past to the unknowable future and through numerous temporal stops in between, the reader travels from New York to the Great Lakes, Britain to North Africa, and the North Atlantic to the West Indies.Less
In situations of displacement, disruption, and difference, humans adapt by actively creating, re-creating, and adjusting their identities using the material world. This book employs the discipline of historical archaeology to study this process as it occurs in new and challenging environments. The case studies furnish varied instances of people wresting control from others who wish to define them and of adaptive transformation by people who find themselves in new and strange worlds. The authors consider multiple aspects of identity, such as race, class, gender, and ethnicity, and look for ways to understand its fluid and intersecting nature. The book seeks to make the study of the past relevant to our globalized, postcolonized, and capitalized world. Questions of identity formation are critical in understanding the world today, in which boundaries are simultaneously breaking down and being built up, and humans are constantly adapting to the ever-changing milieu. This book tackles these questions not only in multiple dimensions of earthly space but also in a panorama of historical time. Moving from the ancient past to the unknowable future and through numerous temporal stops in between, the reader travels from New York to the Great Lakes, Britain to North Africa, and the North Atlantic to the West Indies.
Robert Mugerauer
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780823263240
- eISBN:
- 9780823266494
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823263240.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
The Crossing by Cormac McCarthy, the Jewish Museum Berlin by Daniel Libeskind, and Wings of Desire by Wim Wenders call on us to face up to, then reflect upon the phenomena of loss, displacement, ...
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The Crossing by Cormac McCarthy, the Jewish Museum Berlin by Daniel Libeskind, and Wings of Desire by Wim Wenders call on us to face up to, then reflect upon the phenomena of loss, displacement, violence, witnessing, mortality, and responsibility. The way these saturated, overwhelming phenomena come to us requires close and patient focus if we are to adequately receive them in their particularity and depth. Thus, the goal is not to posit or attempt to prove a thesis regarding the literature, architecture, or film, but to convey and clarify the intense force of each art work in a way that does not reduce what they compellingly bring forth into our world—but that instead enables us to more fully absorb the dense, dark, and troubling subject matter. The primary tactic is to explicate the works by deploying the thinking of Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, Immanuel Levinas, and Jean-Luc Marion to reflect on what is laid before us. This first level of opening up possible meanings, in turn, calls all of us who read the novel, move through the museum, or see the film to respond. Finally the task of interpretation falls upon each of us; it is ours alone and unavoidable—how could it be otherwise?Less
The Crossing by Cormac McCarthy, the Jewish Museum Berlin by Daniel Libeskind, and Wings of Desire by Wim Wenders call on us to face up to, then reflect upon the phenomena of loss, displacement, violence, witnessing, mortality, and responsibility. The way these saturated, overwhelming phenomena come to us requires close and patient focus if we are to adequately receive them in their particularity and depth. Thus, the goal is not to posit or attempt to prove a thesis regarding the literature, architecture, or film, but to convey and clarify the intense force of each art work in a way that does not reduce what they compellingly bring forth into our world—but that instead enables us to more fully absorb the dense, dark, and troubling subject matter. The primary tactic is to explicate the works by deploying the thinking of Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, Immanuel Levinas, and Jean-Luc Marion to reflect on what is laid before us. This first level of opening up possible meanings, in turn, calls all of us who read the novel, move through the museum, or see the film to respond. Finally the task of interpretation falls upon each of us; it is ours alone and unavoidable—how could it be otherwise?
Andrea O’Reilly Herrera
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781683400905
- eISBN:
- 9781683401193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9781683400905.003.0014
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
Literary and art critic Andrea O’Reilly Herrera analyzes an itinerant art exhibition known as CAFÉ (Cuban American Foremost Exhibitions), curated by Leandro Soto (b. 1956) since 2001. O’Reilly ...
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Literary and art critic Andrea O’Reilly Herrera analyzes an itinerant art exhibition known as CAFÉ (Cuban American Foremost Exhibitions), curated by Leandro Soto (b. 1956) since 2001. O’Reilly Herrera argues that the artists participating in this exhibition raise many of the same issues as earlier vanguardia artists in Cuba, including the significance of the island’s African and Indigenous roots, landscape, and architecture, although they do not claim to represent the entire Cuban diaspora. Still, O’Reilly Herrera’s analysis of the artworks of several cafeteros, such as Soto, José Bedia, and Raúl Villarreal, identifies recurrent themes and common concerns, especially with displacement and transculturation that, in the end, “allude to the all-embracing nature of Cuban culture itself.”Less
Literary and art critic Andrea O’Reilly Herrera analyzes an itinerant art exhibition known as CAFÉ (Cuban American Foremost Exhibitions), curated by Leandro Soto (b. 1956) since 2001. O’Reilly Herrera argues that the artists participating in this exhibition raise many of the same issues as earlier vanguardia artists in Cuba, including the significance of the island’s African and Indigenous roots, landscape, and architecture, although they do not claim to represent the entire Cuban diaspora. Still, O’Reilly Herrera’s analysis of the artworks of several cafeteros, such as Soto, José Bedia, and Raúl Villarreal, identifies recurrent themes and common concerns, especially with displacement and transculturation that, in the end, “allude to the all-embracing nature of Cuban culture itself.”
Jane Mcadam
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199587087
- eISBN:
- 9780191738494
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587087.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter draws together the themes of Chapters 7 and 8 to consider the overarching normative principles of international cooperation, humanity, and dignity that should underpin State and ...
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This chapter draws together the themes of Chapters 7 and 8 to consider the overarching normative principles of international cooperation, humanity, and dignity that should underpin State and institutional responses to cross-border displacement in the context of climate change and disasters. By placing the needs and rights of the affected individual at the centre of analysis, they mandate that legal and policy responses are human-rights-focused. There is an increasing coalescence of institutional support for the creation of a set of guiding principles, similar in nature to the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, to provide a guiding framework in cross-border scenarios. This is coupled with a noticeable shift in emphasis at the international level away from ‘climate change’ displacement, to a focus on ‘disasters’, of which climate change-related disasters are a sub-category. This sits more comfortably with the conceptual problems of isolating ‘climate change’ as a cause of movement, discussed throughout the book.Less
This chapter draws together the themes of Chapters 7 and 8 to consider the overarching normative principles of international cooperation, humanity, and dignity that should underpin State and institutional responses to cross-border displacement in the context of climate change and disasters. By placing the needs and rights of the affected individual at the centre of analysis, they mandate that legal and policy responses are human-rights-focused. There is an increasing coalescence of institutional support for the creation of a set of guiding principles, similar in nature to the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, to provide a guiding framework in cross-border scenarios. This is coupled with a noticeable shift in emphasis at the international level away from ‘climate change’ displacement, to a focus on ‘disasters’, of which climate change-related disasters are a sub-category. This sits more comfortably with the conceptual problems of isolating ‘climate change’ as a cause of movement, discussed throughout the book.
Laurence Broers
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474450522
- eISBN:
- 9781474476546
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474450522.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter engages with the human consequences of the territorial imaginings examined in the previous chapter: the ethnic cleansing of populations whose presence did not accord with exclusive ...
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This chapter engages with the human consequences of the territorial imaginings examined in the previous chapter: the ethnic cleansing of populations whose presence did not accord with exclusive visions of national space. The chapter provides a broad overview of the population movements that accompanied the violence of 1988-1994, seeking to disaggregate our understanding of ‘population exchange’. The chapter argues for a differentiated understanding of forced displacement, conditioned by different motives and conceptions of space. ‘Communal ethnic cleansing’ is explored as a collective eviction of ethnic others informed by underlying affective dispositions, characterising mass displacements in the 1988-90 period. ‘Strategic ethnic cleansing’ is explored as the forced expulsion of ethnic others in the service of military-strategic goals, characterising mass displacements in the 1991-94 period. The chapter closes by considering the prospects and politics of return and restitution.Less
This chapter engages with the human consequences of the territorial imaginings examined in the previous chapter: the ethnic cleansing of populations whose presence did not accord with exclusive visions of national space. The chapter provides a broad overview of the population movements that accompanied the violence of 1988-1994, seeking to disaggregate our understanding of ‘population exchange’. The chapter argues for a differentiated understanding of forced displacement, conditioned by different motives and conceptions of space. ‘Communal ethnic cleansing’ is explored as a collective eviction of ethnic others informed by underlying affective dispositions, characterising mass displacements in the 1988-90 period. ‘Strategic ethnic cleansing’ is explored as the forced expulsion of ethnic others in the service of military-strategic goals, characterising mass displacements in the 1991-94 period. The chapter closes by considering the prospects and politics of return and restitution.
Lallit Anand and Sanjay Govindjee
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198864721
- eISBN:
- 9780191896767
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198864721.003.0003
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter develops the necessary mathematics for describing general deformations that a solid body may undergo, a topic known as kinematics. Definitions of motion, displacement, velocity, and ...
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This chapter develops the necessary mathematics for describing general deformations that a solid body may undergo, a topic known as kinematics. Definitions of motion, displacement, velocity, and acceleration which are vectors, and the deformation gradient and displacement gradient which are tensors are given. The mapping of material vectors by the deformation gradient tensor as a basic concept in describing the large deformation kinematics of a deformable body is presented. The powerful polar decomposition theorem is discussed and applied to the deformation gradient tensor to show that it can be decomposed into a stretch followed by a rotation, or a rotation followed by a stretch. Non-linear measures of strain are defined in terms of the stretch tensors. The important case of small deformations, which results in linear measures of strain, is discussed. For small strains the important decomposition of the state of strain that separates a volumetric strain from a non-volumetric or deviatoric strain is presented.Less
This chapter develops the necessary mathematics for describing general deformations that a solid body may undergo, a topic known as kinematics. Definitions of motion, displacement, velocity, and acceleration which are vectors, and the deformation gradient and displacement gradient which are tensors are given. The mapping of material vectors by the deformation gradient tensor as a basic concept in describing the large deformation kinematics of a deformable body is presented. The powerful polar decomposition theorem is discussed and applied to the deformation gradient tensor to show that it can be decomposed into a stretch followed by a rotation, or a rotation followed by a stretch. Non-linear measures of strain are defined in terms of the stretch tensors. The important case of small deformations, which results in linear measures of strain, is discussed. For small strains the important decomposition of the state of strain that separates a volumetric strain from a non-volumetric or deviatoric strain is presented.
Kelly Bogue
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447350538
- eISBN:
- 9781447350545
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447350538.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter focuses on the effects of deepening housing insecurity and the relationship between structure and agency as those who could not keep up with rent payments attempted to downsize within a ...
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This chapter focuses on the effects of deepening housing insecurity and the relationship between structure and agency as those who could not keep up with rent payments attempted to downsize within a declining social housing sector. Building on the work of Wacquant and employing Foucauldian conceptualisations, this chapter adopts a more theoretical analytic framework to question how and in what ways the retrenchment of welfare abets the ‘reengineering of the state’. The Bedroom Tax policy provides a lens through which to view this process. This chapter examines how increased housing vulnerability impacts on participants, acting to responsibilise them and make them accountable for their own housing provision.Less
This chapter focuses on the effects of deepening housing insecurity and the relationship between structure and agency as those who could not keep up with rent payments attempted to downsize within a declining social housing sector. Building on the work of Wacquant and employing Foucauldian conceptualisations, this chapter adopts a more theoretical analytic framework to question how and in what ways the retrenchment of welfare abets the ‘reengineering of the state’. The Bedroom Tax policy provides a lens through which to view this process. This chapter examines how increased housing vulnerability impacts on participants, acting to responsibilise them and make them accountable for their own housing provision.
Karen Hellekson
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781789620139
- eISBN:
- 9781789623765
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789620139.003.0011
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
Televisual alternate history texts concern themselves with not with history per se but rather the individual, agency, and self-contingency. In televisual texts including An Englishman’s Castle ...
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Televisual alternate history texts concern themselves with not with history per se but rather the individual, agency, and self-contingency. In televisual texts including An Englishman’s Castle (miniseries, 1978), Sliders (1995–2000), Charlie Jade (2005), Fringe (2008–13), and Continuum (2012–15), individual characters are presented as being able to affect events by contingency—that is, an event that may occur but that is not certain to occur—and agency, or the capacity to act or exert power. History is used in only the most general sense to permit displacement; alternate worlds are a mode of this displacement. Contingency is used as a narrative and temporal construction to frame agency. Televisual alternate histories control the narrative so as to permit characters’ agency to permit causal, contingent events, resulting in a sort of feedback loop of contingency and agency.Less
Televisual alternate history texts concern themselves with not with history per se but rather the individual, agency, and self-contingency. In televisual texts including An Englishman’s Castle (miniseries, 1978), Sliders (1995–2000), Charlie Jade (2005), Fringe (2008–13), and Continuum (2012–15), individual characters are presented as being able to affect events by contingency—that is, an event that may occur but that is not certain to occur—and agency, or the capacity to act or exert power. History is used in only the most general sense to permit displacement; alternate worlds are a mode of this displacement. Contingency is used as a narrative and temporal construction to frame agency. Televisual alternate histories control the narrative so as to permit characters’ agency to permit causal, contingent events, resulting in a sort of feedback loop of contingency and agency.
Sarah Louise Nash
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781529201260
- eISBN:
- 9781529201307
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529201260.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter presents a continuation of the overview and analysis of the second chapter. The story is picked up at the close of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ...
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This chapter presents a continuation of the overview and analysis of the second chapter. The story is picked up at the close of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Paris negotiations, which, in the form of the decision of 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21), created a specific entity to work on the issue of migration and climate change and thus marked the beginning of a new era of policy making in this area. This analysis covers the time period from 2015 until the end of 2018, when this entity—the Task Force on Displacement—presented its recommendations. As is to be expected from a highly technical UNFCCC entity, the recommendations of the Task Force are highly technical, and include proposals for extending the Task Force; providing information on intended financial support; creating synergies with other areas of the work plan; and upporting developing countries in integrating displacement concerns into their National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the UNFCCC. Despite events from the UNFCCC both setting the scene for and closing the chapter, a marked difference from the first fifteen episodes detailed in the second chapter is that the UNFCCC is much less the focus of policy making, with other policy fora also becoming important and actors that are new to the area creating new spaces for discussion.Less
This chapter presents a continuation of the overview and analysis of the second chapter. The story is picked up at the close of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Paris negotiations, which, in the form of the decision of 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21), created a specific entity to work on the issue of migration and climate change and thus marked the beginning of a new era of policy making in this area. This analysis covers the time period from 2015 until the end of 2018, when this entity—the Task Force on Displacement—presented its recommendations. As is to be expected from a highly technical UNFCCC entity, the recommendations of the Task Force are highly technical, and include proposals for extending the Task Force; providing information on intended financial support; creating synergies with other areas of the work plan; and upporting developing countries in integrating displacement concerns into their National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the UNFCCC. Despite events from the UNFCCC both setting the scene for and closing the chapter, a marked difference from the first fifteen episodes detailed in the second chapter is that the UNFCCC is much less the focus of policy making, with other policy fora also becoming important and actors that are new to the area creating new spaces for discussion.
Zahra Babar (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197531365
- eISBN:
- 9780197554579
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197531365.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
The Middle East is currently facing one of its most critical migration challenges, as the region has become the simultaneous producer of and host to the world’s largest population of displaced ...
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The Middle East is currently facing one of its most critical migration challenges, as the region has become the simultaneous producer of and host to the world’s largest population of displaced people. As a result of ongoing conflicts, particularly in Syria, Libya, Iraq, and Yemen, there have been sharp increases in the numbers of the internally displaced, forced migrants, refugees, and asylum-seekers. Despite the burgeoning degree of policy interest and heated public discourse on the impact of these refugees on European states, most of these dislocated populations are living within the borders of the Middle East.This volume is the outcome of a grants-based project to support in-depth, empirically based examinations of mobility and displacement within the Middle East and to gain a fuller understanding of the forms, causes, dimensions, patterns, and effects of migration, both voluntary and forced. As the following chapters in this volume will demonstrate, through this series of case studies we are seeking to broaden our understanding of the population movements that are seen in the Middle East and hope to emphasize that regional migration is a complex, widespread, and persistent phenomenon in the region, best studied from a multidisciplinary perspective. This volume explores the conditions, causes, and consequences of ongoing population displacements in the Middle East. In doing so, it also serves as a lens to better understand some of the profound social, economic, and political dynamics at work across the region.Less
The Middle East is currently facing one of its most critical migration challenges, as the region has become the simultaneous producer of and host to the world’s largest population of displaced people. As a result of ongoing conflicts, particularly in Syria, Libya, Iraq, and Yemen, there have been sharp increases in the numbers of the internally displaced, forced migrants, refugees, and asylum-seekers. Despite the burgeoning degree of policy interest and heated public discourse on the impact of these refugees on European states, most of these dislocated populations are living within the borders of the Middle East.This volume is the outcome of a grants-based project to support in-depth, empirically based examinations of mobility and displacement within the Middle East and to gain a fuller understanding of the forms, causes, dimensions, patterns, and effects of migration, both voluntary and forced. As the following chapters in this volume will demonstrate, through this series of case studies we are seeking to broaden our understanding of the population movements that are seen in the Middle East and hope to emphasize that regional migration is a complex, widespread, and persistent phenomenon in the region, best studied from a multidisciplinary perspective. This volume explores the conditions, causes, and consequences of ongoing population displacements in the Middle East. In doing so, it also serves as a lens to better understand some of the profound social, economic, and political dynamics at work across the region.
Blake Hannaford and Steven Venema
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195075557
- eISBN:
- 9780197560310
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195075557.003.0020
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Human-Computer Interaction
Humans perceive their surrounding environment through five sensory channels, popularly labeled “sight,” “sound,” “taste,” “smell,” and “touch.” All of ...
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Humans perceive their surrounding environment through five sensory channels, popularly labeled “sight,” “sound,” “taste,” “smell,” and “touch.” All of these modalities are fused together in our brains into an apparently seamless perception of our world. While we typically place the most importance on our visual sense, it is our sense of touch which provides us with much of the information necessary to modify and manipulate the world around us. This sense can be divided into two categories: the kinesthetic sense, through which we sense movement or force in muscles and joints; and the tactile sense, through which we sense shapes and textures. This chapter will focus on the use of kinesthetic sense in realistic teleoperation and virtual environment simulations. Artificial kinesthetic feedback techniques were first developed in the field of teleoperation—robot manipulators remotely controlled by human operators. In teleoperation, the perceptions from a physically remote environment must be conveyed to the human operator in a realistic manner. This differs from virtual reality in which the perceptions from a simulated environment are conveyed to the user. Thus, teleoperation and virtual environments communities share many of the same user interface issues but in teleoperation the need for detailed world modeling is less central. The earliest remote manipulation systems were operated by direct mechanical linkages and the operator viewed the workspace directly through windows (Goertz, 1964). Perhaps because of their relative simplicity and high performance, little was learned about sensory requirements for remote manipulation from these early devices. When remote manipulation was developed for long distances and mobile platforms, electronic links became mandatory. The earliest attempts drove the remote manipulator with a position signal only and no information was returned to the operator about contact force. In the original mechanical designs, force information was intrinsically available because the linkages (actually metal tape and pulley transmissions) were relatively stiff, low-mass, connections between the operator and the environment. With the shift to electronic links, the loss of kinesthetic information was immediately apparent to the operators. The first artificial kinesthetic displays arose to provide improved functionality for remote manipulators.
Less
Humans perceive their surrounding environment through five sensory channels, popularly labeled “sight,” “sound,” “taste,” “smell,” and “touch.” All of these modalities are fused together in our brains into an apparently seamless perception of our world. While we typically place the most importance on our visual sense, it is our sense of touch which provides us with much of the information necessary to modify and manipulate the world around us. This sense can be divided into two categories: the kinesthetic sense, through which we sense movement or force in muscles and joints; and the tactile sense, through which we sense shapes and textures. This chapter will focus on the use of kinesthetic sense in realistic teleoperation and virtual environment simulations. Artificial kinesthetic feedback techniques were first developed in the field of teleoperation—robot manipulators remotely controlled by human operators. In teleoperation, the perceptions from a physically remote environment must be conveyed to the human operator in a realistic manner. This differs from virtual reality in which the perceptions from a simulated environment are conveyed to the user. Thus, teleoperation and virtual environments communities share many of the same user interface issues but in teleoperation the need for detailed world modeling is less central. The earliest remote manipulation systems were operated by direct mechanical linkages and the operator viewed the workspace directly through windows (Goertz, 1964). Perhaps because of their relative simplicity and high performance, little was learned about sensory requirements for remote manipulation from these early devices. When remote manipulation was developed for long distances and mobile platforms, electronic links became mandatory. The earliest attempts drove the remote manipulator with a position signal only and no information was returned to the operator about contact force. In the original mechanical designs, force information was intrinsically available because the linkages (actually metal tape and pulley transmissions) were relatively stiff, low-mass, connections between the operator and the environment. With the shift to electronic links, the loss of kinesthetic information was immediately apparent to the operators. The first artificial kinesthetic displays arose to provide improved functionality for remote manipulators.
Naomi Oreskes
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195117325
- eISBN:
- 9780197561188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195117325.003.0009
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Geology and the Lithosphere
Alfred Wegener (1880–1930) first presented his theory of continental displacement in 1912, at a meeting of the Geological Association of Frankfurt. In a ...
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Alfred Wegener (1880–1930) first presented his theory of continental displacement in 1912, at a meeting of the Geological Association of Frankfurt. In a paper entitled “The geophysical basis of the evolution of the large-scale features of the earth’s crust (continents and oceans),” Wegener proposed that the continents of the earth slowly drift through the ocean basins, from time to time crashing into one another and then breaking apart again. In 1915, he developed this idea into the first edition of his now-famous monograph, Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane, and a second edition was published in 1920. The work came to the attention of American geologists when a third edition, published in 1922, was translated into English, with a foreword, by John W. Evans, the president of the Geological Society of London and a fellow of the Royal Society, in 1924 asThe Origin of Continents and Oceans. A fourth and final edition appeared in 1929, the year before Wegener died on an expedition across Greenland. In addition to the various editions of his book, Wegener published his ideas in the leading German geological journal, Geologische Rundschau, and he had an abstract read on his behalf in the United States at a conference dedicated to the topic, sponsored by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, in 1926. The Origin of Continents and Oceans was widely reviewed in English-language journals, including Nature, Science, and the Geological Magazine. Although a number of other geologists had proposed ideas of continental mobility, including the Americans Frank Bursey Taylor, Howard Baker, and W. H. Pickering, Wegener’s treatment was by far the best developed and most extensively researched. Wegener argued that the continents are composed of less dense material than the ocean basins, arid that the density difference between them permitted the continents to float in hydrostatic equilibrium within the denser oceanic substrate. These floatin continents can move through the substrate because it behaves over geological time as a highly viscous fluid. The major geological features of the earth, he suggested — mountain chains, rift valleys, oceanic island arcs—were caused by the horizontal motions and interactions of the continents.
Less
Alfred Wegener (1880–1930) first presented his theory of continental displacement in 1912, at a meeting of the Geological Association of Frankfurt. In a paper entitled “The geophysical basis of the evolution of the large-scale features of the earth’s crust (continents and oceans),” Wegener proposed that the continents of the earth slowly drift through the ocean basins, from time to time crashing into one another and then breaking apart again. In 1915, he developed this idea into the first edition of his now-famous monograph, Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane, and a second edition was published in 1920. The work came to the attention of American geologists when a third edition, published in 1922, was translated into English, with a foreword, by John W. Evans, the president of the Geological Society of London and a fellow of the Royal Society, in 1924 asThe Origin of Continents and Oceans. A fourth and final edition appeared in 1929, the year before Wegener died on an expedition across Greenland. In addition to the various editions of his book, Wegener published his ideas in the leading German geological journal, Geologische Rundschau, and he had an abstract read on his behalf in the United States at a conference dedicated to the topic, sponsored by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, in 1926. The Origin of Continents and Oceans was widely reviewed in English-language journals, including Nature, Science, and the Geological Magazine. Although a number of other geologists had proposed ideas of continental mobility, including the Americans Frank Bursey Taylor, Howard Baker, and W. H. Pickering, Wegener’s treatment was by far the best developed and most extensively researched. Wegener argued that the continents are composed of less dense material than the ocean basins, arid that the density difference between them permitted the continents to float in hydrostatic equilibrium within the denser oceanic substrate. These floatin continents can move through the substrate because it behaves over geological time as a highly viscous fluid. The major geological features of the earth, he suggested — mountain chains, rift valleys, oceanic island arcs—were caused by the horizontal motions and interactions of the continents.
Sargon Donabed
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780748686025
- eISBN:
- 9781474408646
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748686025.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
Who are the Assyrians and what role did they play in shaping modern Iraq? Were they simply bystanders, victims of collateral damage who played a passive role in the history of the country? How have ...
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Who are the Assyrians and what role did they play in shaping modern Iraq? Were they simply bystanders, victims of collateral damage who played a passive role in the history of the country? How have they negotiated their position throughout various periods of Iraq's state-building processes? This book details the narrative and history of Iraq in the 20th century and reinserts the Assyrian experience as an integral part of Iraq's broader contemporary historiography. It is the first comprehensive account to contextualize this native people's experience alongside the developmental processes of the modern Iraqi state. Using primary and secondary data, this book offers a nuanced exploration of the dynamics that have affected and determined the trajectory of the Assyrians' experience in 20th century Iraq.Less
Who are the Assyrians and what role did they play in shaping modern Iraq? Were they simply bystanders, victims of collateral damage who played a passive role in the history of the country? How have they negotiated their position throughout various periods of Iraq's state-building processes? This book details the narrative and history of Iraq in the 20th century and reinserts the Assyrian experience as an integral part of Iraq's broader contemporary historiography. It is the first comprehensive account to contextualize this native people's experience alongside the developmental processes of the modern Iraqi state. Using primary and secondary data, this book offers a nuanced exploration of the dynamics that have affected and determined the trajectory of the Assyrians' experience in 20th century Iraq.
Willem Salet, Camila D'Ottaviano, Stan Majoor, and Daniel Bossuyt (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781447348429
- eISBN:
- 9781447349952
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447348429.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Comparing self-build experiences in city-regions over three continents, this book spans gigantic local differences. In order to make sense of comparison, a strict selection of paradigm is made to ...
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Comparing self-build experiences in city-regions over three continents, this book spans gigantic local differences. In order to make sense of comparison, a strict selection of paradigm is made to focus the analysis in all cases on the same relationships. The paradigm combines critical economic theory (coined by David Harvey) and cultural institutional analysis (inspired by Henri Lefebvre) in order to focus on the struggle between material and immaterial forces underlying the local performances. The analysis focuses both on the micro level performances and at the trans scalar social and political conditions to these practices. The commissioning role of residents vis-à-vis the role of the leading social movements focus on the social normalisation of moral ownership of the poor residents. The challenge is to sustain this active institutionalisation also in future processes of professionalization as the relationships on the lower segments of housing markets appear to be vulnerable for commercial economic exploitation.Less
Comparing self-build experiences in city-regions over three continents, this book spans gigantic local differences. In order to make sense of comparison, a strict selection of paradigm is made to focus the analysis in all cases on the same relationships. The paradigm combines critical economic theory (coined by David Harvey) and cultural institutional analysis (inspired by Henri Lefebvre) in order to focus on the struggle between material and immaterial forces underlying the local performances. The analysis focuses both on the micro level performances and at the trans scalar social and political conditions to these practices. The commissioning role of residents vis-à-vis the role of the leading social movements focus on the social normalisation of moral ownership of the poor residents. The challenge is to sustain this active institutionalisation also in future processes of professionalization as the relationships on the lower segments of housing markets appear to be vulnerable for commercial economic exploitation.
Ashanté M. Reese
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781469651507
- eISBN:
- 9781469651521
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651507.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter revisits self-reliance, examining it as a lens through which contemporary efforts to increase food access are framed. In it, a community garden at a public housing community is featured, ...
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This chapter revisits self-reliance, examining it as a lens through which contemporary efforts to increase food access are framed. In it, a community garden at a public housing community is featured, focusing on the ways the gardeners attempted to build community, maintain the garden to meet food needs, and develop programming for youth development. The chapter also examines how this garden functions within a broader landscape of precarity: how they continued gardening despite displacement.Less
This chapter revisits self-reliance, examining it as a lens through which contemporary efforts to increase food access are framed. In it, a community garden at a public housing community is featured, focusing on the ways the gardeners attempted to build community, maintain the garden to meet food needs, and develop programming for youth development. The chapter also examines how this garden functions within a broader landscape of precarity: how they continued gardening despite displacement.
Alexandre Kedar, Ahmad Amara, and Oren Yiftachel
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781503603585
- eISBN:
- 9781503604582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503603585.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Comparative Law
Among the most contested facets of the conflict between the state and the Bedouins are land ownership and recognition of 46 “unrecognized” or partly recognized localities. This chapter completes the ...
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Among the most contested facets of the conflict between the state and the Bedouins are land ownership and recognition of 46 “unrecognized” or partly recognized localities. This chapter completes the picture by addressing the question of planning and the Bedouin unrecognized villages. Since 1948, the Israeli government has persistently and forcefully attempted to urbanize the Bedouins and concentrate them in a few urban centers. Such practices involved displacements, house demolitions, and zoning practices that produced an “illegal” geography and “gray spacing” that exposed the Bedouins to constant threat of demolition and eviction. The chapter outlines the various plans, commissions, and development and zoning plans introduced by the government, as well as the alternative plans and visions offered by the Bedouins communities, in an effort to protect their homes, localities and lands. Such alternative planning serves as a foundation for long-term reconciliation and coexistence between settler and indigenous groups.Less
Among the most contested facets of the conflict between the state and the Bedouins are land ownership and recognition of 46 “unrecognized” or partly recognized localities. This chapter completes the picture by addressing the question of planning and the Bedouin unrecognized villages. Since 1948, the Israeli government has persistently and forcefully attempted to urbanize the Bedouins and concentrate them in a few urban centers. Such practices involved displacements, house demolitions, and zoning practices that produced an “illegal” geography and “gray spacing” that exposed the Bedouins to constant threat of demolition and eviction. The chapter outlines the various plans, commissions, and development and zoning plans introduced by the government, as well as the alternative plans and visions offered by the Bedouins communities, in an effort to protect their homes, localities and lands. Such alternative planning serves as a foundation for long-term reconciliation and coexistence between settler and indigenous groups.
