William Talbott
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195173475
- eISBN:
- 9780199835331
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195173473.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
In this book, William Talbott builds on the work of J.S. Mill, John Rawls, and Jürgen Habermas to develop a new equilibrium model for moral reasoning, in which moral reasoning is primarily bottom-up, ...
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In this book, William Talbott builds on the work of J.S. Mill, John Rawls, and Jürgen Habermas to develop a new equilibrium model for moral reasoning, in which moral reasoning is primarily bottom-up, from judgments about particular actual and hypothetical cases to norms or principles that best explain the particular judgments. Employing the equilibrium model, Talbott builds on the work of John Rawls, Amartya Sen, and Henry Shue to explain how, over the course of history, human beings have learned to adopt a distinctively moral standpoint from which it is possible to make reliable, though not infallible, universal judgments of right and wrong. He explains how this distinctively moral standpoint has led to the discovery of the moral importance of nine basic human rights. The book is constructed around pivotal examples. Talbott uses the example of Bartolomé de Las Casas and his opposition to the Spanish colonists’ treatment of the American natives in the 16th century to illustrate the possibility of attaining a universal moral standpoint. He uses the example of the development of women's rights as a microcosm of the development of basic human rights. He argues that assertions of basic human rights are almost always a response to oppressive norms justified by self-reinforcing paternalism. Talbott uses examples from Marxist dictatorships to show the importance of basic human rights in solving what he refers to as the reliable feedback problem and the appropriate responsiveness problem for governments. He uses Sen’s research on famines and psychological research on the ultimatum game and other related games to explain how individual fairness judgments from the moral standpoint make rights-respecting democracies self-improving self-regulating systems that become more just over time. Undoubtedly, the most controversial issue raised by the claim of universal human rights is the issue of moral relativism. How can the advocate of universal rights avoid being a moral imperialist? In this book, Talbott shows how to defend basic individual rights from a universal moral point of view that is not imperialistic. Talbott avoids moral imperialism, first, by insisting that all of us, himself included, have moral blindspots and that we usually depend on others to help us to identify those blindspots; second, by emphasizing the importance of avoiding moral paternalism. In the book, Talbott develops a new consequentialist account of the importance of the basic human rights, which he employs to augment the more familiar nonconsequentialist accounts.Less
In this book, William Talbott builds on the work of J.S. Mill, John Rawls, and Jürgen Habermas to develop a new equilibrium model for moral reasoning, in which moral reasoning is primarily bottom-up, from judgments about particular actual and hypothetical cases to norms or principles that best explain the particular judgments. Employing the equilibrium model, Talbott builds on the work of John Rawls, Amartya Sen, and Henry Shue to explain how, over the course of history, human beings have learned to adopt a distinctively moral standpoint from which it is possible to make reliable, though not infallible, universal judgments of right and wrong. He explains how this distinctively moral standpoint has led to the discovery of the moral importance of nine basic human rights. The book is constructed around pivotal examples. Talbott uses the example of Bartolomé de Las Casas and his opposition to the Spanish colonists’ treatment of the American natives in the 16th century to illustrate the possibility of attaining a universal moral standpoint. He uses the example of the development of women's rights as a microcosm of the development of basic human rights. He argues that assertions of basic human rights are almost always a response to oppressive norms justified by self-reinforcing paternalism. Talbott uses examples from Marxist dictatorships to show the importance of basic human rights in solving what he refers to as the reliable feedback problem and the appropriate responsiveness problem for governments. He uses Sen’s research on famines and psychological research on the ultimatum game and other related games to explain how individual fairness judgments from the moral standpoint make rights-respecting democracies self-improving self-regulating systems that become more just over time. Undoubtedly, the most controversial issue raised by the claim of universal human rights is the issue of moral relativism. How can the advocate of universal rights avoid being a moral imperialist? In this book, Talbott shows how to defend basic individual rights from a universal moral point of view that is not imperialistic. Talbott avoids moral imperialism, first, by insisting that all of us, himself included, have moral blindspots and that we usually depend on others to help us to identify those blindspots; second, by emphasizing the importance of avoiding moral paternalism. In the book, Talbott develops a new consequentialist account of the importance of the basic human rights, which he employs to augment the more familiar nonconsequentialist accounts.
Norman A. Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195306750
- eISBN:
- 9780199790203
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195306750.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Although strongly supported by multiple lines of evidence and relevant to many “real world” problems, Darwinian evolution remains a battleground in the culture wars. A variant of creationism, known ...
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Although strongly supported by multiple lines of evidence and relevant to many “real world” problems, Darwinian evolution remains a battleground in the culture wars. A variant of creationism, known as intelligent design (ID), recently gained ground in political circles even as new research more firmly established the validity and vitality of Darwin's framework. This chapter explores the ID movement — especially that led by the Discovery Institute — showing how it is without scientific merit. ID backers contend that many biological systems show irreducible complexity, and thus cannot evolve by Darwinian evolution. This is not the case; systems like blood clotting and eyes that appear irreducibly complex can indeed evolve through stepwise Darwinian evolution. This chapter also addresses several issues of the philosophy of science, as well as the relationship between science and religion.Less
Although strongly supported by multiple lines of evidence and relevant to many “real world” problems, Darwinian evolution remains a battleground in the culture wars. A variant of creationism, known as intelligent design (ID), recently gained ground in political circles even as new research more firmly established the validity and vitality of Darwin's framework. This chapter explores the ID movement — especially that led by the Discovery Institute — showing how it is without scientific merit. ID backers contend that many biological systems show irreducible complexity, and thus cannot evolve by Darwinian evolution. This is not the case; systems like blood clotting and eyes that appear irreducibly complex can indeed evolve through stepwise Darwinian evolution. This chapter also addresses several issues of the philosophy of science, as well as the relationship between science and religion.
Robert J. Miller, Jacinta Ruru, Larissa Behrendt, and Tracey Lindberg
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199579815
- eISBN:
- 9780191594465
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579815.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
England explored and colonized the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada under the authority of an international law called the Doctrine of Discovery. When Europeans set out to exploit ...
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England explored and colonized the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada under the authority of an international law called the Doctrine of Discovery. When Europeans set out to exploit and expropriate the lands, commercial, governmental, and human rights of the indigenous peoples of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States in the 15th through to the 20th centuries, they justified their sovereignty and claims over these territories and over indigenous peoples with the Discovery Doctrine. This legal principle was justified by religious and ethnocentric ideas of European and Christian superiority over the other cultures, religions, and races of the world. The Doctrine provided that newly-arrived Europeans automatically acquired property rights in the lands of indigenous peoples and gained political and commercial rights over the indigenous inhabitants. The United States Supreme Court expressly adopted Discovery in 1823 in Johnson v. M'Intosh. This case and the Doctrine of Discovery has been cited and relied on by Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, and United States governments, courts, and colonists. The English colonial governments and colonists in all four countries utilized Discovery principles and arguments, and these governments continue to use Discovery today to exercise legal powers over indigenous peoples. The elements of Discovery were not applied in the exact same manner and at the exact same time periods in all four countries, but the similarities of the use of Discovery are striking and not the least bit surprising since the Doctrine was English colonial law. Viewing Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, and American history and law in light of the international law Doctrine of Discovery creates a more complete understanding of all four countries and of what colonial law has done to indigenous lands.Less
England explored and colonized the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada under the authority of an international law called the Doctrine of Discovery. When Europeans set out to exploit and expropriate the lands, commercial, governmental, and human rights of the indigenous peoples of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States in the 15th through to the 20th centuries, they justified their sovereignty and claims over these territories and over indigenous peoples with the Discovery Doctrine. This legal principle was justified by religious and ethnocentric ideas of European and Christian superiority over the other cultures, religions, and races of the world. The Doctrine provided that newly-arrived Europeans automatically acquired property rights in the lands of indigenous peoples and gained political and commercial rights over the indigenous inhabitants. The United States Supreme Court expressly adopted Discovery in 1823 in Johnson v. M'Intosh. This case and the Doctrine of Discovery has been cited and relied on by Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, and United States governments, courts, and colonists. The English colonial governments and colonists in all four countries utilized Discovery principles and arguments, and these governments continue to use Discovery today to exercise legal powers over indigenous peoples. The elements of Discovery were not applied in the exact same manner and at the exact same time periods in all four countries, but the similarities of the use of Discovery are striking and not the least bit surprising since the Doctrine was English colonial law. Viewing Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, and American history and law in light of the international law Doctrine of Discovery creates a more complete understanding of all four countries and of what colonial law has done to indigenous lands.
Robert J Miller, Jacinta Ruru, Larissa Behrendt, and Tracey Lindberg
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199579815
- eISBN:
- 9780191594465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579815.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
This book shines new light on the mostly ignored historical and legal evidence of the use of the Doctrine of Discovery in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. In these countries, ...
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This book shines new light on the mostly ignored historical and legal evidence of the use of the Doctrine of Discovery in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. In these countries, Christian Europeans assumed that they held sovereign, property, and commercial rights over the indigenous peoples under the ‘legal authority’ of the Doctrine. This chapter examines the development of Discovery in Europe, focusing on England's role in that development and its use of the Doctrine in these four English colonies. It also sets out the elements of Discovery to explain its underpinnings and definition and to explain how it was used in these four countries to acquire the rights of indigenous peoples. These four countries still struggle to deal with indigenous peoples and, in fact, they were the only countries to vote against the U.N. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.Less
This book shines new light on the mostly ignored historical and legal evidence of the use of the Doctrine of Discovery in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. In these countries, Christian Europeans assumed that they held sovereign, property, and commercial rights over the indigenous peoples under the ‘legal authority’ of the Doctrine. This chapter examines the development of Discovery in Europe, focusing on England's role in that development and its use of the Doctrine in these four English colonies. It also sets out the elements of Discovery to explain its underpinnings and definition and to explain how it was used in these four countries to acquire the rights of indigenous peoples. These four countries still struggle to deal with indigenous peoples and, in fact, they were the only countries to vote against the U.N. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
Robert J Miller, Jacinta Ruru, Larissa Behrendt, and Tracey Lindberg
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199579815
- eISBN:
- 9780191594465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579815.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
This chapter shows how Discovery was imported and expressly adopted into American colonial and state law in royal charters and colonial and state constitutions, governments, and courts. It explains ...
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This chapter shows how Discovery was imported and expressly adopted into American colonial and state law in royal charters and colonial and state constitutions, governments, and courts. It explains how the United States government adopted Discovery and how it was accepted by American jurisprudence in 1823 in Johnson v M'Intosh. The loss of tribal and individual Indian property rights and sovereignty followed naturally from the use of Discovery against indigenous peoples in what is now the United States.Less
This chapter shows how Discovery was imported and expressly adopted into American colonial and state law in royal charters and colonial and state constitutions, governments, and courts. It explains how the United States government adopted Discovery and how it was accepted by American jurisprudence in 1823 in Johnson v M'Intosh. The loss of tribal and individual Indian property rights and sovereignty followed naturally from the use of Discovery against indigenous peoples in what is now the United States.
Robert J Miller, Jacinta Ruru, Larissa Behrendt, and Tracey Lindberg
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199579815
- eISBN:
- 9780191594465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579815.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
This chapter explores the ways in which the Doctrine of Discovery was used to justify the assertion of British sovereignty over Australia and its indigenous peoples, and is continued to be used to ...
More
This chapter explores the ways in which the Doctrine of Discovery was used to justify the assertion of British sovereignty over Australia and its indigenous peoples, and is continued to be used to justify its colonization. It looks particularly at the development of the legal fiction of terra nullius.Less
This chapter explores the ways in which the Doctrine of Discovery was used to justify the assertion of British sovereignty over Australia and its indigenous peoples, and is continued to be used to justify its colonization. It looks particularly at the development of the legal fiction of terra nullius.
Sabyasachi Bhattacharya
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198075042
- eISBN:
- 9780199080816
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198075042.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas
Nehru formulated his ideas on Indian civilization in The Discovery of India. The civilizational unity of India is a major theme in this work. He tried to reconcile different approaches to India’s ...
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Nehru formulated his ideas on Indian civilization in The Discovery of India. The civilizational unity of India is a major theme in this work. He tried to reconcile different approaches to India’s history and presented himself to be an exemplar of the reconciliation. Nehru acknowledged what India gained from the challenge of the West, and at the same time he recognized the exploitative face of the West in Asia.Less
Nehru formulated his ideas on Indian civilization in The Discovery of India. The civilizational unity of India is a major theme in this work. He tried to reconcile different approaches to India’s history and presented himself to be an exemplar of the reconciliation. Nehru acknowledged what India gained from the challenge of the West, and at the same time he recognized the exploitative face of the West in Asia.
Adolfo Plasencia
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262036016
- eISBN:
- 9780262339308
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262036016.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
The place of discovery and generation of human knowledge has become a somewhat fuzzy area, and it is at the crossroads of equally blurred disciplines where new glimpses of the future occur. This book ...
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The place of discovery and generation of human knowledge has become a somewhat fuzzy area, and it is at the crossroads of equally blurred disciplines where new glimpses of the future occur. This book looks at these issues through a series of interconnected and heterodox reflections. It is much more a book of non-linear questions than one of answers, where the index consists of a list of questions with those who address the issues linked to them. In 33 dialogues, the author attempts to draw the participants, researchers and creators—each specialists—out of their “intellectual comfort zones”, and get them to delve into areas of disciplines not considered part of their usual activities, thus enabling different concepts to be discussed. For example, “intelligence”, viewed simultaneously from the perspective of neuroscience, computer science, philosophy, and Artificial Intelligence, or whether quantum physics allows for freewill. The diversity and interconnecting ideas in these conversations is wide ranging and intense. The dialogues, preceded by a foreword from Tim O’Reilly, are arranged in four blocks: I, The Physical World; II, Information, and III, Intelligence; the fourth block is a dialogue-epilogue with the artist and painter J. M. Yturralde, closing the book with a critical foray into the overlap between Art and Science, with tantalizing questions, with an artistic slant, such as the validity of the equation “Beauty ≠ Truth,” or whether we can go back in time to the past and change it.Less
The place of discovery and generation of human knowledge has become a somewhat fuzzy area, and it is at the crossroads of equally blurred disciplines where new glimpses of the future occur. This book looks at these issues through a series of interconnected and heterodox reflections. It is much more a book of non-linear questions than one of answers, where the index consists of a list of questions with those who address the issues linked to them. In 33 dialogues, the author attempts to draw the participants, researchers and creators—each specialists—out of their “intellectual comfort zones”, and get them to delve into areas of disciplines not considered part of their usual activities, thus enabling different concepts to be discussed. For example, “intelligence”, viewed simultaneously from the perspective of neuroscience, computer science, philosophy, and Artificial Intelligence, or whether quantum physics allows for freewill. The diversity and interconnecting ideas in these conversations is wide ranging and intense. The dialogues, preceded by a foreword from Tim O’Reilly, are arranged in four blocks: I, The Physical World; II, Information, and III, Intelligence; the fourth block is a dialogue-epilogue with the artist and painter J. M. Yturralde, closing the book with a critical foray into the overlap between Art and Science, with tantalizing questions, with an artistic slant, such as the validity of the equation “Beauty ≠ Truth,” or whether we can go back in time to the past and change it.
William Talbott
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195173475
- eISBN:
- 9780199835331
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195173473.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
In this chapter, Talbott explains how the Proof paradigm, a model of top-down reasoning, has led to a serious misunderstanding of how moral judgments are epistemically justified. Talbott develops an ...
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In this chapter, Talbott explains how the Proof paradigm, a model of top-down reasoning, has led to a serious misunderstanding of how moral judgments are epistemically justified. Talbott develops an alternative equilibrium model of moral reasoning based on the work of Mill, Rawls, and Habermas and uses it to show how bottom-up reasoning could have led to the discovery of human rights. Talbott uses the U.S. Constitution to illustrate the idea that guarantees of basic human rights are components of a self-improving self-regulating system for promoting justice. The system does not have to begin with self-evident or even true principles of justice. Bottom-up reasoning can lead to changes that make it more just over time.Less
In this chapter, Talbott explains how the Proof paradigm, a model of top-down reasoning, has led to a serious misunderstanding of how moral judgments are epistemically justified. Talbott develops an alternative equilibrium model of moral reasoning based on the work of Mill, Rawls, and Habermas and uses it to show how bottom-up reasoning could have led to the discovery of human rights. Talbott uses the U.S. Constitution to illustrate the idea that guarantees of basic human rights are components of a self-improving self-regulating system for promoting justice. The system does not have to begin with self-evident or even true principles of justice. Bottom-up reasoning can lead to changes that make it more just over time.
Barbara Forrest and Paul R. Gross
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195157420
- eISBN:
- 9780199894000
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195157420.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This book explains the history and strategy of the intelligent design creationist movement, which is headquartered at the Discovery Institute’s Center for Science and Culture in Seattle, WA. The ...
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This book explains the history and strategy of the intelligent design creationist movement, which is headquartered at the Discovery Institute’s Center for Science and Culture in Seattle, WA. The movement’s twenty-year “Wedge Strategy,” implementation of which began in 1998, is aimed at bringing intelligent design into American public schools, public policymaking, and the cultural mainstream. Beginning with a brief history of the movement and the authentication of the “Wedge Document,” in which the Wedge Strategy is outlined, the book critiques the incompetent science and rhetorical tactics of the movement’s leaders: Douglas Axe, Paul Chien, Jonathan Wells, Michael Behe, and William Dembski. The movement’s own documents reveal its religious funding sources and its execution of all phases of the strategy except the production of genuine scientific data, including its development of a legal defense against challenges to the teaching of intelligent design. The book recounts the movement’s political maneuvering in its effort to influence science curricula in individual states, most notably Kansas and Ohio, and to develop political support among members of Congress. Importantly, the book documents the centrality of religion to intelligent design, its leaders’ associations with Christian extremists, its continuity with earlier forms of creationism, and its ambitions for academic legitimacy. This 2007 edition provides updates on the movement’s efforts in Kansas and Ohio and offers a firsthand account by Barbara Forrest, who was an expert witness for the plaintiffs, of the landmark legal case involving intelligent design, Kitzmiller et al. v. Dover Area School District (2005).Less
This book explains the history and strategy of the intelligent design creationist movement, which is headquartered at the Discovery Institute’s Center for Science and Culture in Seattle, WA. The movement’s twenty-year “Wedge Strategy,” implementation of which began in 1998, is aimed at bringing intelligent design into American public schools, public policymaking, and the cultural mainstream. Beginning with a brief history of the movement and the authentication of the “Wedge Document,” in which the Wedge Strategy is outlined, the book critiques the incompetent science and rhetorical tactics of the movement’s leaders: Douglas Axe, Paul Chien, Jonathan Wells, Michael Behe, and William Dembski. The movement’s own documents reveal its religious funding sources and its execution of all phases of the strategy except the production of genuine scientific data, including its development of a legal defense against challenges to the teaching of intelligent design. The book recounts the movement’s political maneuvering in its effort to influence science curricula in individual states, most notably Kansas and Ohio, and to develop political support among members of Congress. Importantly, the book documents the centrality of religion to intelligent design, its leaders’ associations with Christian extremists, its continuity with earlier forms of creationism, and its ambitions for academic legitimacy. This 2007 edition provides updates on the movement’s efforts in Kansas and Ohio and offers a firsthand account by Barbara Forrest, who was an expert witness for the plaintiffs, of the landmark legal case involving intelligent design, Kitzmiller et al. v. Dover Area School District (2005).
Barbara Forrest and Paul R. Gross
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195157420
- eISBN:
- 9780199894000
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195157420.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter explains the origin of the strategy of the intelligent design movement as laid out in a key document entitled “The Wedge Strategy.” Discovery Institute creationists used it as a ...
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This chapter explains the origin of the strategy of the intelligent design movement as laid out in a key document entitled “The Wedge Strategy.” Discovery Institute creationists used it as a fundraising tool to attract financial support. Known informally as the Wedge Document, it clearly establishes the movement’s view of itself as advancing a plan to promote creationism and to rescue American culture from the evil of “materialism” supposedly caused by Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. When the document was leaked and posted on the Internet in 1999, the Discovery Institute refused to acknowledge ownership of it. The chapter establishes the authenticity of the Wedge Document by comparing its text with language found in materials in an early Discovery Institute website directory.Less
This chapter explains the origin of the strategy of the intelligent design movement as laid out in a key document entitled “The Wedge Strategy.” Discovery Institute creationists used it as a fundraising tool to attract financial support. Known informally as the Wedge Document, it clearly establishes the movement’s view of itself as advancing a plan to promote creationism and to rescue American culture from the evil of “materialism” supposedly caused by Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. When the document was leaked and posted on the Internet in 1999, the Discovery Institute refused to acknowledge ownership of it. The chapter establishes the authenticity of the Wedge Document by comparing its text with language found in materials in an early Discovery Institute website directory.
Barbara Forrest and Paul R. Gross
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195157420
- eISBN:
- 9780199894000
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195157420.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Phase I of the intelligent design movement’s strategy as outlined in the Wedge Document is devoted to “Scientific Research, Writing & Publicity.” The Discovery Institute provides lucrative ...
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Phase I of the intelligent design movement’s strategy as outlined in the Wedge Document is devoted to “Scientific Research, Writing & Publicity.” The Discovery Institute provides lucrative fellowships for the support of such research. This chapter assesses the credentials of the scientists who are named in the document as the movement’s lead researchers. Paul Chien and Douglas Axe are designated as the heads of the movement’s research programs in paleontology and molecular biology, respectively. However, a careful survey of Axe’s and Chien’s scientific research and publications yields nothing that supports intelligent design. Further, an exhaustive survey of scientific databases yielded no scientific articles supporting intelligent design. The chapter presents the results of these surveys. Chien is discussed in more detail in Chapter 4.Less
Phase I of the intelligent design movement’s strategy as outlined in the Wedge Document is devoted to “Scientific Research, Writing & Publicity.” The Discovery Institute provides lucrative fellowships for the support of such research. This chapter assesses the credentials of the scientists who are named in the document as the movement’s lead researchers. Paul Chien and Douglas Axe are designated as the heads of the movement’s research programs in paleontology and molecular biology, respectively. However, a careful survey of Axe’s and Chien’s scientific research and publications yields nothing that supports intelligent design. Further, an exhaustive survey of scientific databases yielded no scientific articles supporting intelligent design. The chapter presents the results of these surveys. Chien is discussed in more detail in Chapter 4.
Barbara Forrest and Paul R. Gross
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195157420
- eISBN:
- 9780199894000
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195157420.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter further examines Phase II of the Wedge Strategy and progresses to Phase III, “Cultural Confrontation and Renewal.” It opens with an analysis of the Discovery Institute’s use of ...
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This chapter further examines Phase II of the Wedge Strategy and progresses to Phase III, “Cultural Confrontation and Renewal.” It opens with an analysis of the Discovery Institute’s use of misleading poll data gathered from commissioned public opinion polls conducted by Zogby International. The discussion of Phase III also includes the strategy of holding conferences at universities where Discovery Institute creationists confront mainstream scientists who follow the naturalistic methodology of modern science. Specific conferences are discussed, including the much-publicized 2000 “Nature of Nature Conference” at Baylor University. The chapter also explains the Discovery Institute’s legal strategy for getting intelligent design into public schools. It concludes with an account of William Dembski’s establishment of the now-defunct Michael Polanyi Center as an intelligent design think tank at Baylor, and his subsequent establishment of a “virtual” Polanyi Center, the International Society for Complexity, Information, and Design (ISCID).Less
This chapter further examines Phase II of the Wedge Strategy and progresses to Phase III, “Cultural Confrontation and Renewal.” It opens with an analysis of the Discovery Institute’s use of misleading poll data gathered from commissioned public opinion polls conducted by Zogby International. The discussion of Phase III also includes the strategy of holding conferences at universities where Discovery Institute creationists confront mainstream scientists who follow the naturalistic methodology of modern science. Specific conferences are discussed, including the much-publicized 2000 “Nature of Nature Conference” at Baylor University. The chapter also explains the Discovery Institute’s legal strategy for getting intelligent design into public schools. It concludes with an account of William Dembski’s establishment of the now-defunct Michael Polanyi Center as an intelligent design think tank at Baylor, and his subsequent establishment of a “virtual” Polanyi Center, the International Society for Complexity, Information, and Design (ISCID).
Barbara Forrest and Paul R. Gross
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195157420
- eISBN:
- 9780199894000
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195157420.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter examines the Discovery Institute’s aggressive cultivation of political influence at the state and national levels. Its maneuverings in Washington State, Kansas, and Ohio are discussed in ...
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This chapter examines the Discovery Institute’s aggressive cultivation of political influence at the state and national levels. Its maneuverings in Washington State, Kansas, and Ohio are discussed in detail. The discussion of Kansas includes the establishment of the Intelligent Design Network as a de facto arm of the Discovery Institute and the two organizations’ attempt to insert intelligent design into Kansas’s state science standards. The effort to insert intelligent design into Ohio science standards includes the Discovery Institute’s adoption of terms such as “teach the controversy” to disguise its true aims. The chapter concludes with a detailed discussion of the Discovery Institute’s “Santorum amendment,” an episode in which stealth creationist language was inserted into the legislative history of the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001.Less
This chapter examines the Discovery Institute’s aggressive cultivation of political influence at the state and national levels. Its maneuverings in Washington State, Kansas, and Ohio are discussed in detail. The discussion of Kansas includes the establishment of the Intelligent Design Network as a de facto arm of the Discovery Institute and the two organizations’ attempt to insert intelligent design into Kansas’s state science standards. The effort to insert intelligent design into Ohio science standards includes the Discovery Institute’s adoption of terms such as “teach the controversy” to disguise its true aims. The chapter concludes with a detailed discussion of the Discovery Institute’s “Santorum amendment,” an episode in which stealth creationist language was inserted into the legislative history of the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001.
Michael C. Rea
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199247608
- eISBN:
- 9780191601804
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199247609.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Begins the second part of the book, in which the author argues that commitment to the naturalistic research programme precludes one from accepting realism about material objects and materialism. The ...
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Begins the second part of the book, in which the author argues that commitment to the naturalistic research programme precludes one from accepting realism about material objects and materialism. The argument turns on the prospects (or lack thereof) that naturalists have for solving what the author calls the Discovery Problem. Roughly, the Discovery Problem is just the fact that intrinsic modal properties seem not to be discoverable by the methods of science. Describes this problem in Ch. 4, and argues that if there is good reason to think that the problem cannot be solved, then naturalists cannot be justified in accepting realism about material objects.Less
Begins the second part of the book, in which the author argues that commitment to the naturalistic research programme precludes one from accepting realism about material objects and materialism. The argument turns on the prospects (or lack thereof) that naturalists have for solving what the author calls the Discovery Problem. Roughly, the Discovery Problem is just the fact that intrinsic modal properties seem not to be discoverable by the methods of science. Describes this problem in Ch. 4, and argues that if there is good reason to think that the problem cannot be solved, then naturalists cannot be justified in accepting realism about material objects.
Martin Carver
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748624416
- eISBN:
- 9780748670703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748624416.003.0003
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
The story of the excavation and what it unearthed, and how. On the site of St Colman's – a sequence of nine churches from the 8th to the 20th century; in the Glebe Field, a paved road leading to a ...
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The story of the excavation and what it unearthed, and how. On the site of St Colman's – a sequence of nine churches from the 8th to the 20th century; in the Glebe Field, a paved road leading to a mill with workshops on either side; in the south field, a large, beautifully symmetric, bag-shaped building housing metal-workers.Less
The story of the excavation and what it unearthed, and how. On the site of St Colman's – a sequence of nine churches from the 8th to the 20th century; in the Glebe Field, a paved road leading to a mill with workshops on either side; in the south field, a large, beautifully symmetric, bag-shaped building housing metal-workers.
Michael Hochberg
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198804789
- eISBN:
- 9780191843051
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198804789.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Biomathematics / Statistics and Data Analysis / Complexity Studies
Science works through the publication of results. Sometimes results confirm previous findings, others they are a new discovery. Either way, results only have effects when they are actually made ...
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Science works through the publication of results. Sometimes results confirm previous findings, others they are a new discovery. Either way, results only have effects when they are actually made available to the scientific community. Delaying publication may mean that what was a discovery is now a confirmatory finding. This chapter explains why it is important to “plant your flag” as a personal achievement, a necessity for career development and a gain for the scientific community.Less
Science works through the publication of results. Sometimes results confirm previous findings, others they are a new discovery. Either way, results only have effects when they are actually made available to the scientific community. Delaying publication may mean that what was a discovery is now a confirmatory finding. This chapter explains why it is important to “plant your flag” as a personal achievement, a necessity for career development and a gain for the scientific community.
Heather Dalton
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199672059
- eISBN:
- 9780191773747
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199672059.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This book centres on Roger Barlow: merchant, explorer, ally of Sebastian Cabot, supporter of Thomas Cromwell’s vision for Wales, proponent of expanding English trading routes, and the first ...
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This book centres on Roger Barlow: merchant, explorer, ally of Sebastian Cabot, supporter of Thomas Cromwell’s vision for Wales, proponent of expanding English trading routes, and the first Englishman to write a detailed eyewitness account of America (included in A Brief Summe of Geographie). It investigates the early lives of both men and the family-based guild networks that brought Barlow from Colchester to London, Morocco, and on to Seville where Cabot was Pilot Major. There, Barlow joined other English merchants in supporting voyages and supplying Castile’s Atlantic settlements. From 1526 to 1528 Barlow joined Cabot in an exploration of the upper reaches of the Rio de la Plata river system, becoming the first Englishman to set foot in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Brazil. When both men returned to the British Isles—Barlow around 1531 and Cabot in 1548—they had trading, navigational, and exploratory knowledge that made them truly unique. In tracing Barlow and Cabot’s circle from the mid-fifteenth-century Mediterranean to the burgeoning Iberian Atlantic of the sixteenth century—and then back to Reformation England and Wales and to a merchant elite just beginning to look at extending its trading reach into the Atlantic and beyond—the book constitutes a critical contribution to the emerging fields of Atlantic and global history. It examines how shared knowledge as well as the accumulation of capital in international trading networks prior to 1560 influenced emerging ideas of trade, ‘discovery’, settlement, colonization, and race in Britain.Less
This book centres on Roger Barlow: merchant, explorer, ally of Sebastian Cabot, supporter of Thomas Cromwell’s vision for Wales, proponent of expanding English trading routes, and the first Englishman to write a detailed eyewitness account of America (included in A Brief Summe of Geographie). It investigates the early lives of both men and the family-based guild networks that brought Barlow from Colchester to London, Morocco, and on to Seville where Cabot was Pilot Major. There, Barlow joined other English merchants in supporting voyages and supplying Castile’s Atlantic settlements. From 1526 to 1528 Barlow joined Cabot in an exploration of the upper reaches of the Rio de la Plata river system, becoming the first Englishman to set foot in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Brazil. When both men returned to the British Isles—Barlow around 1531 and Cabot in 1548—they had trading, navigational, and exploratory knowledge that made them truly unique. In tracing Barlow and Cabot’s circle from the mid-fifteenth-century Mediterranean to the burgeoning Iberian Atlantic of the sixteenth century—and then back to Reformation England and Wales and to a merchant elite just beginning to look at extending its trading reach into the Atlantic and beyond—the book constitutes a critical contribution to the emerging fields of Atlantic and global history. It examines how shared knowledge as well as the accumulation of capital in international trading networks prior to 1560 influenced emerging ideas of trade, ‘discovery’, settlement, colonization, and race in Britain.
Mark Terry
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520257580
- eISBN:
- 9780520943711
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520257580.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Much has already been written about how intelligent design (ID) is antithetical to good science education. The boundless energy of the ID campaign inspires awe. Money has flowed to it steadily since ...
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Much has already been written about how intelligent design (ID) is antithetical to good science education. The boundless energy of the ID campaign inspires awe. Money has flowed to it steadily since the mid-1990s, and the very fundraising document that stimulated this can help us understand why. The Discovery Institute's Wedge Document is a carefully crafted case statement designed to rally big donors around a well-focused cause. The document calls for challenging public school teaching of evolution and instead infusing the curriculum with ID as a means to a larger end: opening statewide curricular definitions of science to include the supernatural. Feeling the public relations force of this attack, public school science teachers, administrators, and school board members are surrounded by a confusion of ill-defined terms and by accusations that they are just too ignorant to understand the new cutting edge of ID in biology, Earth science, and indeed all of the natural sciences.Less
Much has already been written about how intelligent design (ID) is antithetical to good science education. The boundless energy of the ID campaign inspires awe. Money has flowed to it steadily since the mid-1990s, and the very fundraising document that stimulated this can help us understand why. The Discovery Institute's Wedge Document is a carefully crafted case statement designed to rally big donors around a well-focused cause. The document calls for challenging public school teaching of evolution and instead infusing the curriculum with ID as a means to a larger end: opening statewide curricular definitions of science to include the supernatural. Feeling the public relations force of this attack, public school science teachers, administrators, and school board members are surrounded by a confusion of ill-defined terms and by accusations that they are just too ignorant to understand the new cutting edge of ID in biology, Earth science, and indeed all of the natural sciences.
Joan C. Tonn
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300096217
- eISBN:
- 9780300128024
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300096217.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, Political History
Mary P. Follett's collaboration with Eduard Lindeman, a professor of sociology at the North Carolina College for Women in Greensboro, resulted in the 1924 publication of her Creative Experience and ...
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Mary P. Follett's collaboration with Eduard Lindeman, a professor of sociology at the North Carolina College for Women in Greensboro, resulted in the 1924 publication of her Creative Experience and his Social Discovery. However, their relationship was far from smooth. Their research partnership was born after Follett's visit to North Carolina in the spring of 1922. Follett introduced Lindeman to Herbert Croly and Dorothy Whitney Straight, a young New York heiress. In September 1922 Follett and Lindeman, along with Albert Dwight Sheffield, spent a week in Putney planning a program of research. Lindeman would soon try to abandon the joint undertaking due to his increasingly intense yearning for Straight's approval and affection. Follett and Lindeman overcame this and other issues to publish their respective books.Less
Mary P. Follett's collaboration with Eduard Lindeman, a professor of sociology at the North Carolina College for Women in Greensboro, resulted in the 1924 publication of her Creative Experience and his Social Discovery. However, their relationship was far from smooth. Their research partnership was born after Follett's visit to North Carolina in the spring of 1922. Follett introduced Lindeman to Herbert Croly and Dorothy Whitney Straight, a young New York heiress. In September 1922 Follett and Lindeman, along with Albert Dwight Sheffield, spent a week in Putney planning a program of research. Lindeman would soon try to abandon the joint undertaking due to his increasingly intense yearning for Straight's approval and affection. Follett and Lindeman overcame this and other issues to publish their respective books.
