David Webb
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748624218
- eISBN:
- 9780748684472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748624218.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
A commentary on the Introduction to Foucault's The Archaeology of Knowledge.
A commentary on the Introduction to Foucault's The Archaeology of Knowledge.
David Webb
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748624218
- eISBN:
- 9780748684472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748624218.003.0011
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
A commentary on Part II of Foucault's The Archaeology of Knowledge. This includes the following chapters: 1. The Unities of Discourse 2. Discursive Formations 3. The Formation of Objects 4. The ...
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A commentary on Part II of Foucault's The Archaeology of Knowledge. This includes the following chapters: 1. The Unities of Discourse 2. Discursive Formations 3. The Formation of Objects 4. The Formation of Enunciative Modalities 5. The Formation of Concepts 6. The Formation of Strategies 7. Remarks and ConsequencesLess
A commentary on Part II of Foucault's The Archaeology of Knowledge. This includes the following chapters: 1. The Unities of Discourse 2. Discursive Formations 3. The Formation of Objects 4. The Formation of Enunciative Modalities 5. The Formation of Concepts 6. The Formation of Strategies 7. Remarks and Consequences
Sarah Clift
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780823254200
- eISBN:
- 9780823261161
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823254200.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
Chapter 5 develops the insights generated in Chapter 4 about the inextricability of the necessary and the contingent, and seeks to give it a concrete specificity in the writings of Maurice Blanchot. ...
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Chapter 5 develops the insights generated in Chapter 4 about the inextricability of the necessary and the contingent, and seeks to give it a concrete specificity in the writings of Maurice Blanchot. So the final chapter turns to Blanchot’s reading of Hegel in ”Literature and the Right to Death” and to questions of memory and mourning that arise in a neglected text by Blanchot in which he considers his own writing in terms of history. The language of après-coup (the title of Blanchot’s reflections and Lacan’s term for Freudian Nachträglichkeit) permeates Blanchot’s attempt to grasp two pre-war récits, and results in a failure to reconcile the past with what would turn out to be the future. This failure promotes the sense of a radical discontinuity between the past and the future, one that has largely escaped the few commentaries on this work, and it also provides the opportunity to reflect in concrete ways on how temporal discontinuity might inform an ethics of memory. For, while it is incontestable that Blanchot rejects all notions of the edifying power of memory, the chapter also suggests that he offers the possibility of a non-redemptive account of memory open to-indeed grounded in-that aspect of the future which it cannot possibly capture.Less
Chapter 5 develops the insights generated in Chapter 4 about the inextricability of the necessary and the contingent, and seeks to give it a concrete specificity in the writings of Maurice Blanchot. So the final chapter turns to Blanchot’s reading of Hegel in ”Literature and the Right to Death” and to questions of memory and mourning that arise in a neglected text by Blanchot in which he considers his own writing in terms of history. The language of après-coup (the title of Blanchot’s reflections and Lacan’s term for Freudian Nachträglichkeit) permeates Blanchot’s attempt to grasp two pre-war récits, and results in a failure to reconcile the past with what would turn out to be the future. This failure promotes the sense of a radical discontinuity between the past and the future, one that has largely escaped the few commentaries on this work, and it also provides the opportunity to reflect in concrete ways on how temporal discontinuity might inform an ethics of memory. For, while it is incontestable that Blanchot rejects all notions of the edifying power of memory, the chapter also suggests that he offers the possibility of a non-redemptive account of memory open to-indeed grounded in-that aspect of the future which it cannot possibly capture.
James K. Conant and Peter J. Balint
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190203702
- eISBN:
- 9780197559499
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190203702.003.0006
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmentalist and Conservationist Organizations
The executive branch departments and agencies of the national government have the key role in the implementation stage of the policy process. In the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ...
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The executive branch departments and agencies of the national government have the key role in the implementation stage of the policy process. In the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) was assigned the task of providing an annual report on the condition of the nation’s environment, assessing the effects of national, state, and local governments’ efforts to protect the environment, and developing recommendations to improve environmental quality. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was given the primary responsibility for implementing the pollution control laws Congress created between 1970 and 1980, amendments to those laws, and new laws enacted during the next three decades. Some scholars have maintained that the process of implementing a public law is “removed from the hurry and strife of politics,” since the important political and substantive matters have been decided in the law itself. Other scholars, however, describe the implementation stage of the policy process as a continuation of the political struggle that occurred over the creation of the law. The competition between these two views of policy implementation is one factor that makes the study of the “life cycles” of executive branch departments and agencies so important. If the first view is correct, the implementation of a public law should be a relatively smooth process in which the leadership, managers, and professionals in agencies like the CEQ and the EPA carry out their assigned statutory duties. Likewise, the life cycle of the executive branch agency should be relatively stable and long. Finally, absent serious flaws in the design of the policy itself, the prospects for successful implementation of the law might seem to be relatively high. If the alternative view of policy implementation is correct, however, the extent to which implementation of a public law actually occurs is likely to depend heavily on the health, vitality, and even survival of the implementing agency. In turn, the health and vitality of the executive branch agency is likely to depend on the leadership of the agency and the resources that Congress and the president appropriate for it.
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The executive branch departments and agencies of the national government have the key role in the implementation stage of the policy process. In the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) was assigned the task of providing an annual report on the condition of the nation’s environment, assessing the effects of national, state, and local governments’ efforts to protect the environment, and developing recommendations to improve environmental quality. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was given the primary responsibility for implementing the pollution control laws Congress created between 1970 and 1980, amendments to those laws, and new laws enacted during the next three decades. Some scholars have maintained that the process of implementing a public law is “removed from the hurry and strife of politics,” since the important political and substantive matters have been decided in the law itself. Other scholars, however, describe the implementation stage of the policy process as a continuation of the political struggle that occurred over the creation of the law. The competition between these two views of policy implementation is one factor that makes the study of the “life cycles” of executive branch departments and agencies so important. If the first view is correct, the implementation of a public law should be a relatively smooth process in which the leadership, managers, and professionals in agencies like the CEQ and the EPA carry out their assigned statutory duties. Likewise, the life cycle of the executive branch agency should be relatively stable and long. Finally, absent serious flaws in the design of the policy itself, the prospects for successful implementation of the law might seem to be relatively high. If the alternative view of policy implementation is correct, however, the extent to which implementation of a public law actually occurs is likely to depend heavily on the health, vitality, and even survival of the implementing agency. In turn, the health and vitality of the executive branch agency is likely to depend on the leadership of the agency and the resources that Congress and the president appropriate for it.
Charles F. Kennel
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195085297
- eISBN:
- 9780197560488
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195085297.003.0014
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Atmospheric Sciences
Studies using data from the ATS-5 geosynchronous spacecraft revealed a clear relationship between midnight region injection events near the spacecraft and auroral ...
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Studies using data from the ATS-5 geosynchronous spacecraft revealed a clear relationship between midnight region injection events near the spacecraft and auroral displays near the ATS magnetic conjugate point (Hones et al., 1971a; Mende et al., 1972; Eather et al., 1976; Mende and Shelley, 1976). A comparison of ATS-5 particle and magnetic field data with all-sky photographs taken at the conjugate point, Great Whale River, indicated that an injection at geostationary orbit generally corresponded to the brightening of the onset arc when the spacecraft was in the midnight sector (Akasofu et al., 1974). Results such as this whetted the collective appetite. How closely can the initial onset and injection be related to one another in time, do the onset and injection start on the same field field line, does the westward propagation of dipolarization correspond to the westward surge, can one relate the fine structures of the auroral expansion and the dipolarization? As time passed, increasingly precise answers have been given to these and similar questions, and auroral and geosynchronous substorm phenomenology has become more tightly integrated. In this chapter, we sample some of the evidence that supports this statement. The GEOS 2 spacecraft was stationed with its magnetic conjugate point near Kiruna, Sweden, so that the conjugate aurora could be studied with the extensive network of ground-based observatories in Scandinavia (Knott, 1975; Knott et al., 1979). In the first part of this chapter, we review some of the correlation studies carried out in the GEOS 2 project. In one particular series of four substorms, it was found that the dipolarization occurred at the same time as the aurora brightened and expanded poleward over the ground conjugate region (Section 14.2). In another case, a dispersionless injection at GEOS 2 corresponded to an intensification of the auroral X-ray band in Scandinavia (Section 14.2). Westward surges at the auroral conjugate point were associated with dipolarization at the spacecraft on a statistical basis (Section 14.3). Finally, the close relationship between both the auroral and geostationary substorm phenomena was extended to small spatio-temporal scales.
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Studies using data from the ATS-5 geosynchronous spacecraft revealed a clear relationship between midnight region injection events near the spacecraft and auroral displays near the ATS magnetic conjugate point (Hones et al., 1971a; Mende et al., 1972; Eather et al., 1976; Mende and Shelley, 1976). A comparison of ATS-5 particle and magnetic field data with all-sky photographs taken at the conjugate point, Great Whale River, indicated that an injection at geostationary orbit generally corresponded to the brightening of the onset arc when the spacecraft was in the midnight sector (Akasofu et al., 1974). Results such as this whetted the collective appetite. How closely can the initial onset and injection be related to one another in time, do the onset and injection start on the same field field line, does the westward propagation of dipolarization correspond to the westward surge, can one relate the fine structures of the auroral expansion and the dipolarization? As time passed, increasingly precise answers have been given to these and similar questions, and auroral and geosynchronous substorm phenomenology has become more tightly integrated. In this chapter, we sample some of the evidence that supports this statement. The GEOS 2 spacecraft was stationed with its magnetic conjugate point near Kiruna, Sweden, so that the conjugate aurora could be studied with the extensive network of ground-based observatories in Scandinavia (Knott, 1975; Knott et al., 1979). In the first part of this chapter, we review some of the correlation studies carried out in the GEOS 2 project. In one particular series of four substorms, it was found that the dipolarization occurred at the same time as the aurora brightened and expanded poleward over the ground conjugate region (Section 14.2). In another case, a dispersionless injection at GEOS 2 corresponded to an intensification of the auroral X-ray band in Scandinavia (Section 14.2). Westward surges at the auroral conjugate point were associated with dipolarization at the spacecraft on a statistical basis (Section 14.3). Finally, the close relationship between both the auroral and geostationary substorm phenomena was extended to small spatio-temporal scales.