Alex Tissandier
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474417747
- eISBN:
- 9781474449748
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474417747.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
Leibniz is a constant, but often overlooked, presence in Deleuze’s philosophy. This book explains three key moments in Deleuze’s philosophical development through the lens of his engagement with ...
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Leibniz is a constant, but often overlooked, presence in Deleuze’s philosophy. This book explains three key moments in Deleuze’s philosophical development through the lens of his engagement with Leibniz. In doing so it hopes to offer a focused framework for understanding some of the most difficult aspects of Deleuze’s philosophy. Part One examines Deleuze’s account of the “anti-Cartesian reaction” of Spinoza and Leibniz which culminates in their two competing theories of expression. It argues that in some key respects Deleuze favours Leibniz’s interpretation of this key concept over Spinoza’s. Part Two looks at Deleuze’s critique of representation and his attempt to create a theory of difference that will underlie, rather than rely upon, conceptual opposition. It examines the crucial role played by the Leibnizian concepts of incompossibility and divergence in Deleuze’s theory of ‘vice-diction’, created in order to offer a sub-representational, or pre-individual, substitute for Hegelian contradiction. Part Three looks in detail at one of Deleuze’s last major works, The Fold. It argues for Leibniz’s central place in this text, and shows how Deleuze uses concepts from across Leibniz’s philosophy and mathematics as a framework to articulate a systematic account of his own mature philosophy.Less
Leibniz is a constant, but often overlooked, presence in Deleuze’s philosophy. This book explains three key moments in Deleuze’s philosophical development through the lens of his engagement with Leibniz. In doing so it hopes to offer a focused framework for understanding some of the most difficult aspects of Deleuze’s philosophy. Part One examines Deleuze’s account of the “anti-Cartesian reaction” of Spinoza and Leibniz which culminates in their two competing theories of expression. It argues that in some key respects Deleuze favours Leibniz’s interpretation of this key concept over Spinoza’s. Part Two looks at Deleuze’s critique of representation and his attempt to create a theory of difference that will underlie, rather than rely upon, conceptual opposition. It examines the crucial role played by the Leibnizian concepts of incompossibility and divergence in Deleuze’s theory of ‘vice-diction’, created in order to offer a sub-representational, or pre-individual, substitute for Hegelian contradiction. Part Three looks in detail at one of Deleuze’s last major works, The Fold. It argues for Leibniz’s central place in this text, and shows how Deleuze uses concepts from across Leibniz’s philosophy and mathematics as a framework to articulate a systematic account of his own mature philosophy.
Mary Youssef
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474415415
- eISBN:
- 9781474449755
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474415415.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This book examines questions of identity, nationalism, and marginalization in the contemporary Egyptian novel from a postcolonial lens. Under colonial rule, the Egyptian novel invoked a sovereign ...
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This book examines questions of identity, nationalism, and marginalization in the contemporary Egyptian novel from a postcolonial lens. Under colonial rule, the Egyptian novel invoked a sovereign nation-state by basking in its perceived unity. After independence, the novel professed disenchantment with state practices and unequal class and gender relations, without disrupting the nation’s imagined racial and ethno-religious homogeneity. This book identifies a trend in the twenty-first-century Egyptian novel that shatters this singular view, with the rise of a new consciousness that presents Egypt as fundamentally heterogeneous. Through a robust analysis of “new-consciousness” novels by authors like Idris ᶜAli, Bahaᵓ Tahir, Miral al-Tahawi, and Yusuf Zaydan, the author argues that this new consciousness does not only respond to predominant discourses of difference and practices of differentiation along the axes of race, ethno-religion, class, and gender by bringing the experiences of Nubian, Amazigh, Bedouin, Coptic, Jewish, and women minorities to the fore of Egypt’s literary imaginary, but also heralds the cacophony of voices that collectively cried for social justice from Tahrir Square in Egypt’s 2011-uprising.
This study responds to the changing iconographic, semiotic, and formal features of the Egyptian novel. It fulfills the critical task of identifying an emergent novelistic genre and develops historically reflexive methodologies that interpret new-consciousness novels and their mediatory role in formalizing and articulating their historical moment. By adopting this context-specific approach to studying novelistic evolution, this book locates some of the strands that have been missing from the complex whole of Egypt’s culture and literary history.Less
This book examines questions of identity, nationalism, and marginalization in the contemporary Egyptian novel from a postcolonial lens. Under colonial rule, the Egyptian novel invoked a sovereign nation-state by basking in its perceived unity. After independence, the novel professed disenchantment with state practices and unequal class and gender relations, without disrupting the nation’s imagined racial and ethno-religious homogeneity. This book identifies a trend in the twenty-first-century Egyptian novel that shatters this singular view, with the rise of a new consciousness that presents Egypt as fundamentally heterogeneous. Through a robust analysis of “new-consciousness” novels by authors like Idris ᶜAli, Bahaᵓ Tahir, Miral al-Tahawi, and Yusuf Zaydan, the author argues that this new consciousness does not only respond to predominant discourses of difference and practices of differentiation along the axes of race, ethno-religion, class, and gender by bringing the experiences of Nubian, Amazigh, Bedouin, Coptic, Jewish, and women minorities to the fore of Egypt’s literary imaginary, but also heralds the cacophony of voices that collectively cried for social justice from Tahrir Square in Egypt’s 2011-uprising.
This study responds to the changing iconographic, semiotic, and formal features of the Egyptian novel. It fulfills the critical task of identifying an emergent novelistic genre and develops historically reflexive methodologies that interpret new-consciousness novels and their mediatory role in formalizing and articulating their historical moment. By adopting this context-specific approach to studying novelistic evolution, this book locates some of the strands that have been missing from the complex whole of Egypt’s culture and literary history.
Miguel de Beistegui
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748638307
- eISBN:
- 9780748671816
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748638307.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
Immanence is itself not a concept, but an image or a plane that is the condition of thought. Difference and Repetition and Logic of Sense may have marked an initial stage on the way to the conquest ...
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Immanence is itself not a concept, but an image or a plane that is the condition of thought. Difference and Repetition and Logic of Sense may have marked an initial stage on the way to the conquest of immanence, and the uncovering of the world of anonymous, pre- individual and impersonal singularities. The plane of immanence can unfold only by presupposing a plane of organisation, ruled by functions and forms, and from which transcendence may grow. The plane of transcendence, or analogy, is always shot through with processes it cannot control. Baruch Spinoza, Friedrich Nietzsche, Antonin Artaud, Marcel Proust, and Francis Bacon show the point at which their life becomes a life, and the illusion of transcendence dissolves into pure immanence. ‘Immanence: a life’ is Gilles Deleuze's last word on life, and his final celebration of it.Less
Immanence is itself not a concept, but an image or a plane that is the condition of thought. Difference and Repetition and Logic of Sense may have marked an initial stage on the way to the conquest of immanence, and the uncovering of the world of anonymous, pre- individual and impersonal singularities. The plane of immanence can unfold only by presupposing a plane of organisation, ruled by functions and forms, and from which transcendence may grow. The plane of transcendence, or analogy, is always shot through with processes it cannot control. Baruch Spinoza, Friedrich Nietzsche, Antonin Artaud, Marcel Proust, and Francis Bacon show the point at which their life becomes a life, and the illusion of transcendence dissolves into pure immanence. ‘Immanence: a life’ is Gilles Deleuze's last word on life, and his final celebration of it.
Yetta Howard
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780252041884
- eISBN:
- 9780252050572
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041884.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
Ugly Differences explores queer female sexuality’s symbiotic relationship with ugliness and offers a way to see worth in ugliness as a generative category for reimagining the inhabitation of gender, ...
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Ugly Differences explores queer female sexuality’s symbiotic relationship with ugliness and offers a way to see worth in ugliness as a generative category for reimagining the inhabitation of gender, sexual, and ethnic differences. Ugliness, in this book, is a multipronged concept: it equates with the disagreeable and pejorative traits that are attributed to queerness; it aligns itself with nonwhite, nonmale, and nonheterosexual physicality and experience; and it refers to anti-aesthetic textual practices, which are located in/as underground culture. This study shows how late-twentieth- and twenty-first-century contexts of ugliness register discontent with culturally normative models of queerness and why the underground is necessary for articulating difference. Locating ugliness at the intersections of the physical, experiential, and textual, the book’s central claim is that queer female sexuality needs to be understood as ugliness and the repertoire of underground cultural practices becomes its obligatory archive. In Ugly Differences, accounting for a minoritarian queerness associated with gender, sexual, and ethnic differences requires turning to marginal forms and, as reflecting ugliness, these forms provide options outside heteronormative modes of being that open up possibilities for envisioning deeply counterintuitive domains of queer world-making.Less
Ugly Differences explores queer female sexuality’s symbiotic relationship with ugliness and offers a way to see worth in ugliness as a generative category for reimagining the inhabitation of gender, sexual, and ethnic differences. Ugliness, in this book, is a multipronged concept: it equates with the disagreeable and pejorative traits that are attributed to queerness; it aligns itself with nonwhite, nonmale, and nonheterosexual physicality and experience; and it refers to anti-aesthetic textual practices, which are located in/as underground culture. This study shows how late-twentieth- and twenty-first-century contexts of ugliness register discontent with culturally normative models of queerness and why the underground is necessary for articulating difference. Locating ugliness at the intersections of the physical, experiential, and textual, the book’s central claim is that queer female sexuality needs to be understood as ugliness and the repertoire of underground cultural practices becomes its obligatory archive. In Ugly Differences, accounting for a minoritarian queerness associated with gender, sexual, and ethnic differences requires turning to marginal forms and, as reflecting ugliness, these forms provide options outside heteronormative modes of being that open up possibilities for envisioning deeply counterintuitive domains of queer world-making.
Mari Armstrong-Hough
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469646688
- eISBN:
- 9781469646701
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646688.003.0008
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This concluding chapter summarized the central argument of the book: Biomedicalization does not flatten out differences so much as it proliferates them. As the biomedical paradigm has become central ...
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This concluding chapter summarized the central argument of the book: Biomedicalization does not flatten out differences so much as it proliferates them. As the biomedical paradigm has become central to lay systems of meaning, the language and ideas of biomedicine are imbued with cultural meanings. In this way, medicine shapes and reorganizes cultural meanings. But the reverse also occurs: the cultural meanings that arise from lay systems shape the patient-provider encounters and narratives that lie at the heart of the practice of medicine. These meetings of lay and medical systems of meaning are sense-making events in which patients and providers “practice culture.”
In the United States, biomedicalization and a capitalist ethic of productivity and individual responsibility become mutually reinforcing: the individual is continually reinscribed as the primary category of being and the object of medicine. In Japan, biomedicalization intertwines with discourses of nationhood, membership in a purportedly unique racial-cultural community, and gendered domestic labor. While biomedicalization does not flatten, its targets are reshaped in traceable ways by the cultural repertoires that inform it. As biomedicalization renders interactions between providers and patients more uncertain and more collaborative, the cultural resources that they bring to those encounters become more—not less—relevant.Less
This concluding chapter summarized the central argument of the book: Biomedicalization does not flatten out differences so much as it proliferates them. As the biomedical paradigm has become central to lay systems of meaning, the language and ideas of biomedicine are imbued with cultural meanings. In this way, medicine shapes and reorganizes cultural meanings. But the reverse also occurs: the cultural meanings that arise from lay systems shape the patient-provider encounters and narratives that lie at the heart of the practice of medicine. These meetings of lay and medical systems of meaning are sense-making events in which patients and providers “practice culture.”
In the United States, biomedicalization and a capitalist ethic of productivity and individual responsibility become mutually reinforcing: the individual is continually reinscribed as the primary category of being and the object of medicine. In Japan, biomedicalization intertwines with discourses of nationhood, membership in a purportedly unique racial-cultural community, and gendered domestic labor. While biomedicalization does not flatten, its targets are reshaped in traceable ways by the cultural repertoires that inform it. As biomedicalization renders interactions between providers and patients more uncertain and more collaborative, the cultural resources that they bring to those encounters become more—not less—relevant.
Chana Kronfeld
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780804782951
- eISBN:
- 9780804797214
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804782951.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
Metaphor embodies Amichai's principle of “in-between-ness” and has a significance within his poetic system that far exceeds the rhetorical. Chapter Five focuses on metaphor as the central marker of ...
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Metaphor embodies Amichai's principle of “in-between-ness” and has a significance within his poetic system that far exceeds the rhetorical. Chapter Five focuses on metaphor as the central marker of liminality, the hyphen of survival and resistance: it must never erase that hyphen, the marker of the disparate domains which it brings together (hence his preference for simile), even while it strives to make the gap between these domains productive of meaning. The ways Amichai's metaphors resist the erasure of difference critiques the vestiges of poststructuralist views, and offer an alternative model based on a historicized, context-sensitive reworking of prototype semantics. Amichai's images, while as novel and surprising as those of any 17th-century metaphysical poet, nevertheless strike us as completely “right,” as visually and experientially familiar, because of their perceptually primary basis and the extensive and rigorous mapping they provide for the distant source and target domains.Less
Metaphor embodies Amichai's principle of “in-between-ness” and has a significance within his poetic system that far exceeds the rhetorical. Chapter Five focuses on metaphor as the central marker of liminality, the hyphen of survival and resistance: it must never erase that hyphen, the marker of the disparate domains which it brings together (hence his preference for simile), even while it strives to make the gap between these domains productive of meaning. The ways Amichai's metaphors resist the erasure of difference critiques the vestiges of poststructuralist views, and offer an alternative model based on a historicized, context-sensitive reworking of prototype semantics. Amichai's images, while as novel and surprising as those of any 17th-century metaphysical poet, nevertheless strike us as completely “right,” as visually and experientially familiar, because of their perceptually primary basis and the extensive and rigorous mapping they provide for the distant source and target domains.
Sara Le Menestrel
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628461459
- eISBN:
- 9781626740785
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628461459.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This book explores the role of music in negotiating difference. It brings to light processes of differentiation and social stereotypes and hierarchies at at work in the evolving French Louisiana ...
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This book explores the role of music in negotiating difference. It brings to light processes of differentiation and social stereotypes and hierarchies at at work in the evolving French Louisiana musical field. It also draws attention to the interactions between binary oppositions such as black and white, urban and rural, differentiation and creolization, traditional and modern, and local, national and global. The book argues for the importance of desegregating the understanding of French Louisiana music by situating it beyond ethnic or racial identifications, bringing to light the importance of regional identification. The musical genealogy and categories in use are legitimized through an omnipresent racial imaginary that frames African and European lineage as a foundational difference. Instead of seeing the discourses of origins and mixing as contradictory, the field and the way music is practiced show that they continually interact. French Louisiana musicians navigate between multiple identifications, music styles and legacies while market forces, outsider’s interest and geographical mobility also contribute to shape their career strategies and musical choices. This work also demonstrates the decisive role of non-natives’ interest and mobility in the validation, evolution, and reconfiguration of French Louisiana music. Finally, the distinctiveness of South Louisiana with respect to the rest of the country appears both nurtured and endured, revealing the intricacies of political domination and regionalism.Less
This book explores the role of music in negotiating difference. It brings to light processes of differentiation and social stereotypes and hierarchies at at work in the evolving French Louisiana musical field. It also draws attention to the interactions between binary oppositions such as black and white, urban and rural, differentiation and creolization, traditional and modern, and local, national and global. The book argues for the importance of desegregating the understanding of French Louisiana music by situating it beyond ethnic or racial identifications, bringing to light the importance of regional identification. The musical genealogy and categories in use are legitimized through an omnipresent racial imaginary that frames African and European lineage as a foundational difference. Instead of seeing the discourses of origins and mixing as contradictory, the field and the way music is practiced show that they continually interact. French Louisiana musicians navigate between multiple identifications, music styles and legacies while market forces, outsider’s interest and geographical mobility also contribute to shape their career strategies and musical choices. This work also demonstrates the decisive role of non-natives’ interest and mobility in the validation, evolution, and reconfiguration of French Louisiana music. Finally, the distinctiveness of South Louisiana with respect to the rest of the country appears both nurtured and endured, revealing the intricacies of political domination and regionalism.
Kate Schick
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748639847
- eISBN:
- 9780748676675
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748639847.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Gillian Rose draws on idiosyncratic readings of thinkers such as Hegel, Adorno and Kierkegaard to underpin her philosophy, negotiating the ‘broken middle’ between particular and universal. While of ...
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Gillian Rose draws on idiosyncratic readings of thinkers such as Hegel, Adorno and Kierkegaard to underpin her philosophy, negotiating the ‘broken middle’ between particular and universal. While of the left, she is sharply critical of much left-wing thought, insisting that it shirks the work of coming to know and of taking political risk in pursuit of a ‘good enough justice’.In this book Kate Schick presents the core themes of Rose's work and locates her ideas within central debates in contemporary social theory (trauma, memory and mourning; exclusion and difference; tragedy and messianic utopia), engaging with the works of Benjamin, Honig, Žižek and Butler. She shows how Rose's speculative perspective brings a different gaze to bear on debates, eschewing well-worn liberal, critical theoretic and post-structural positions. Her difficult project advocates a rehabilitation of reason and critique with Hegelian recognition at its core.Less
Gillian Rose draws on idiosyncratic readings of thinkers such as Hegel, Adorno and Kierkegaard to underpin her philosophy, negotiating the ‘broken middle’ between particular and universal. While of the left, she is sharply critical of much left-wing thought, insisting that it shirks the work of coming to know and of taking political risk in pursuit of a ‘good enough justice’.In this book Kate Schick presents the core themes of Rose's work and locates her ideas within central debates in contemporary social theory (trauma, memory and mourning; exclusion and difference; tragedy and messianic utopia), engaging with the works of Benjamin, Honig, Žižek and Butler. She shows how Rose's speculative perspective brings a different gaze to bear on debates, eschewing well-worn liberal, critical theoretic and post-structural positions. Her difficult project advocates a rehabilitation of reason and critique with Hegelian recognition at its core.
Daniela Voss
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780748676255
- eISBN:
- 9780748689187
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748676255.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
From his early work in ‘Nietzsche and Philosophy’ to ‘Difference and Repetition’, Deleuze develops a unique notion of transcendental philosophy. It comprises a radical critique of the illusions of ...
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From his early work in ‘Nietzsche and Philosophy’ to ‘Difference and Repetition’, Deleuze develops a unique notion of transcendental philosophy. It comprises a radical critique of the illusions of representation and a genetic model of thought. Engaging with questions of representation, Ideas and the transcendental, this book offers a sophisticated treatment of the Kantian aspects of Deleuze’s thought, taking account of Leibniz, Maimon, Lautman and Nietzsche along the way.Less
From his early work in ‘Nietzsche and Philosophy’ to ‘Difference and Repetition’, Deleuze develops a unique notion of transcendental philosophy. It comprises a radical critique of the illusions of representation and a genetic model of thought. Engaging with questions of representation, Ideas and the transcendental, this book offers a sophisticated treatment of the Kantian aspects of Deleuze’s thought, taking account of Leibniz, Maimon, Lautman and Nietzsche along the way.
David Clapham
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781447306344
- eISBN:
- 9781447311591
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447306344.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
The book explores the objectives, philosophies and outcomes of supported housing for vulnerable people. The exploration is intended to further our understanding of an often-neglected topic in housing ...
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The book explores the objectives, philosophies and outcomes of supported housing for vulnerable people. The exploration is intended to further our understanding of an often-neglected topic in housing research and to stimulate further research in this area. But, the book is also intended to share what is known about supported housing in a way that helps the planning and running of supported housing in the future and so improves the well-being of vulnerable people. The focus of the book is on the impact that supported housing makes on the well-being of those who live in it and whether some forms of supported housing are better at doing this than others. An evaluation framework based on the concept of well-being and the affordances of home and neighbourhood is used to evaluate different supported housing models for older people, homeless people and people with disabilities in Britain and Sweden. The evaluation finds that the forms of supported housing that most increase the well-being of residents are those that enable residents to live in individual self-contained dwellings with full occupancy rights, whilst enabling them to receive appropriate support in these homes. The closer the model of supported housing is to an institution and the more that support is designed to control the behaviour of residents, the less is well-being achieved. The book concludes with recommendations for future policy and practice to support well-being.Less
The book explores the objectives, philosophies and outcomes of supported housing for vulnerable people. The exploration is intended to further our understanding of an often-neglected topic in housing research and to stimulate further research in this area. But, the book is also intended to share what is known about supported housing in a way that helps the planning and running of supported housing in the future and so improves the well-being of vulnerable people. The focus of the book is on the impact that supported housing makes on the well-being of those who live in it and whether some forms of supported housing are better at doing this than others. An evaluation framework based on the concept of well-being and the affordances of home and neighbourhood is used to evaluate different supported housing models for older people, homeless people and people with disabilities in Britain and Sweden. The evaluation finds that the forms of supported housing that most increase the well-being of residents are those that enable residents to live in individual self-contained dwellings with full occupancy rights, whilst enabling them to receive appropriate support in these homes. The closer the model of supported housing is to an institution and the more that support is designed to control the behaviour of residents, the less is well-being achieved. The book concludes with recommendations for future policy and practice to support well-being.
Lawrence M. Zbikowski
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195306361
- eISBN:
- 9780199851034
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195306361.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter focuses on the ways in which double-scope integration achieves conceptual compression, a hallmark of art. Cognitively modern human beings have art, language, science, religion, refined ...
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This chapter focuses on the ways in which double-scope integration achieves conceptual compression, a hallmark of art. Cognitively modern human beings have art, language, science, religion, refined tool use, advanced music and dance, fashions of dress, and mathematics. Blue jays, border collies, dolphins, and bonobos do not. Only human beings have what we have. This conspicuous Grand Difference constitutes a puzzling discontinuity in the evolution of life. The Way We Think (2002), and earlier publications beginning in 1993, put forward the hypothesis that the Grand Difference arose in the following way. The basic mental operation of conceptual integration, also known as blending, has been present and evolving in various species for a long time, probably since early mammals, and there is no reason to doubt that many mammalian species aside from human beings have the ability to execute rudimentary forms of conceptual integration. Human beings evolved not an entirely different kind of mind, but instead the capacity for the strongest form of conceptual integration, known as double-scope blending.Less
This chapter focuses on the ways in which double-scope integration achieves conceptual compression, a hallmark of art. Cognitively modern human beings have art, language, science, religion, refined tool use, advanced music and dance, fashions of dress, and mathematics. Blue jays, border collies, dolphins, and bonobos do not. Only human beings have what we have. This conspicuous Grand Difference constitutes a puzzling discontinuity in the evolution of life. The Way We Think (2002), and earlier publications beginning in 1993, put forward the hypothesis that the Grand Difference arose in the following way. The basic mental operation of conceptual integration, also known as blending, has been present and evolving in various species for a long time, probably since early mammals, and there is no reason to doubt that many mammalian species aside from human beings have the ability to execute rudimentary forms of conceptual integration. Human beings evolved not an entirely different kind of mind, but instead the capacity for the strongest form of conceptual integration, known as double-scope blending.
Catherine Nash
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816690633
- eISBN:
- 9781452950723
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816690633.001.0001
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
What might be wrong with genetic accounts of personal or shared ancestry and origins? Genetic studies are often presented as valuable ways of understanding where we come from and how people are ...
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What might be wrong with genetic accounts of personal or shared ancestry and origins? Genetic studies are often presented as valuable ways of understanding where we come from and how people are related. In Genetic Geographies, Catherine Nash pursues their troubling implications for our perception of sexual and national, as well as racial, difference. Bringing an incisive geographical focus to bear on new genetic histories and genetic genealogy, Nash explores the making of ideas of genetic ancestry, indigeneity, and origins; the global human family; and national genetic heritage. In particular, she engages with the science, culture, and commerce of ancestry in the United States and the United Kingdom, including National Geographic’s Genographic Project and the People of the British Isles project. Tracing the tensions and contradictions between the emphasis on human genetic similarity and shared ancestry, and the attention given to distinctive patterns of relatedness and different ancestral origins, Nash challenges the assumption that the concepts of shared ancestry are necessarily progressive. She extends this scrutiny to claims about the “natural” differences between the sexes and the “nature” of reproduction in studies of the geography of human genetic variation. Through its focus on sex, nation, and race, and its novel spatial lens, Genetic Geographies provides a timely critical guide to what happens when genetic science maps relatedness.Less
What might be wrong with genetic accounts of personal or shared ancestry and origins? Genetic studies are often presented as valuable ways of understanding where we come from and how people are related. In Genetic Geographies, Catherine Nash pursues their troubling implications for our perception of sexual and national, as well as racial, difference. Bringing an incisive geographical focus to bear on new genetic histories and genetic genealogy, Nash explores the making of ideas of genetic ancestry, indigeneity, and origins; the global human family; and national genetic heritage. In particular, she engages with the science, culture, and commerce of ancestry in the United States and the United Kingdom, including National Geographic’s Genographic Project and the People of the British Isles project. Tracing the tensions and contradictions between the emphasis on human genetic similarity and shared ancestry, and the attention given to distinctive patterns of relatedness and different ancestral origins, Nash challenges the assumption that the concepts of shared ancestry are necessarily progressive. She extends this scrutiny to claims about the “natural” differences between the sexes and the “nature” of reproduction in studies of the geography of human genetic variation. Through its focus on sex, nation, and race, and its novel spatial lens, Genetic Geographies provides a timely critical guide to what happens when genetic science maps relatedness.
Michael P. Zuckert
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199243006
- eISBN:
- 9780191697203
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199243006.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
This chapter discusses John Rawls, a thinker who was responsible for the new egalitarian liberal theory. The discussion includes Rawls' book, A Theory of Justice, in which he presents a number of ...
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This chapter discusses John Rawls, a thinker who was responsible for the new egalitarian liberal theory. The discussion includes Rawls' book, A Theory of Justice, in which he presents a number of arguments that could establish the compatibility of egalitarian liberalism and limited government. This chapter also includes a section on the Difference Principle, which is considered to be the signature doctrine of the Rawls of A Theory of Justice.Less
This chapter discusses John Rawls, a thinker who was responsible for the new egalitarian liberal theory. The discussion includes Rawls' book, A Theory of Justice, in which he presents a number of arguments that could establish the compatibility of egalitarian liberalism and limited government. This chapter also includes a section on the Difference Principle, which is considered to be the signature doctrine of the Rawls of A Theory of Justice.
Douglas Schenck and Peter Wilson
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195087147
- eISBN:
- 9780197560532
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195087147.003.0022
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Software Engineering
Expressions are combinations of operators and operands which are evaluated to produce a value of a specific type. Infix operators require two operands with ...
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Expressions are combinations of operators and operands which are evaluated to produce a value of a specific type. Infix operators require two operands with an operator written between them. A prefix operator requires one operand with an operator written before it. (The expression syntax starts on page 208.) Evaluation proceeds from left to right, governed by the precedence of the operators. The lowest numbered precedence as shown in Table 14.1 is evaluated first. Operators in the same row have the same precedence. Expressions enclosed by parentheses are evaluated before being treated as a single operand. An operand between two operators of different precedence is bound to the operator with the higher one; e.g., −10*20 means (−10)*20. An operand between two operators of the same precedence is bound to the one on the left; e.g., 10/20 * 30 means (10/20) * 30. Exercise 14.1 Work out the intermediate steps for this expression: … −2/(4+4)*5+6… When a null value is encountered in an expression where a non-null is expected, evaluation is short circuited and a null answer is produced. Otherwise, all expressions are fully evaluated even when the outcome is known after partial evaluation. Exercise 14.2 Can you think of an expression that does not require complete evaluation to get the correct answer? The operands of an operator must be compatible with the operator and with each other. Operands can be compatible without having identical types and are compatible when any of these conditions are satisfied: • The types are the same. • One type is a subtype of the other (e.g., one is a number and the other is an integer. • Both types are strings. • Both types are binaries. • Both types are arrays which have compatible base types and identical bounds. • Both types are bags which have compatible base types. • Both types are lists which have compatible base types. • Both types are sets which have compatible base types. Operations are organized by the kind of result they produce, namely: numeric, boolean or logical, string or binary, or aggregate.
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Expressions are combinations of operators and operands which are evaluated to produce a value of a specific type. Infix operators require two operands with an operator written between them. A prefix operator requires one operand with an operator written before it. (The expression syntax starts on page 208.) Evaluation proceeds from left to right, governed by the precedence of the operators. The lowest numbered precedence as shown in Table 14.1 is evaluated first. Operators in the same row have the same precedence. Expressions enclosed by parentheses are evaluated before being treated as a single operand. An operand between two operators of different precedence is bound to the operator with the higher one; e.g., −10*20 means (−10)*20. An operand between two operators of the same precedence is bound to the one on the left; e.g., 10/20 * 30 means (10/20) * 30. Exercise 14.1 Work out the intermediate steps for this expression: … −2/(4+4)*5+6… When a null value is encountered in an expression where a non-null is expected, evaluation is short circuited and a null answer is produced. Otherwise, all expressions are fully evaluated even when the outcome is known after partial evaluation. Exercise 14.2 Can you think of an expression that does not require complete evaluation to get the correct answer? The operands of an operator must be compatible with the operator and with each other. Operands can be compatible without having identical types and are compatible when any of these conditions are satisfied: • The types are the same. • One type is a subtype of the other (e.g., one is a number and the other is an integer. • Both types are strings. • Both types are binaries. • Both types are arrays which have compatible base types and identical bounds. • Both types are bags which have compatible base types. • Both types are lists which have compatible base types. • Both types are sets which have compatible base types. Operations are organized by the kind of result they produce, namely: numeric, boolean or logical, string or binary, or aggregate.
Catharine Coleborne
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719087240
- eISBN:
- 9781526104250
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719087240.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter examines the marginalising effects of institutional practices of ascribing social difference in patient case records, and it takes non-white patients as its main subject. In addition, it ...
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This chapter examines the marginalising effects of institutional practices of ascribing social difference in patient case records, and it takes non-white patients as its main subject. In addition, it revisits the focus on mobility by looking closely at the ways that some members of the colonial institutional population were confined through their own vulnerability to policing and regulation, their social identities signalling disorder in the colonial world. Indigenous peoples, Chinese, the so-called ‘half-caste’ inmates, and other fine calibrations of ethnic identities inside the institutions are all discussed here. This chapter also returns to the contemporary medical preoccupation with the health of white subjects by examining the colonial-born, or ‘hybrid’ populations of the insane.Less
This chapter examines the marginalising effects of institutional practices of ascribing social difference in patient case records, and it takes non-white patients as its main subject. In addition, it revisits the focus on mobility by looking closely at the ways that some members of the colonial institutional population were confined through their own vulnerability to policing and regulation, their social identities signalling disorder in the colonial world. Indigenous peoples, Chinese, the so-called ‘half-caste’ inmates, and other fine calibrations of ethnic identities inside the institutions are all discussed here. This chapter also returns to the contemporary medical preoccupation with the health of white subjects by examining the colonial-born, or ‘hybrid’ populations of the insane.
Diana Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781789620429
- eISBN:
- 9781789629880
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789620429.003.0012
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Annie Leclerc’s writing, most famously the iconic 1974 text Parole de femme, speaks with lyricism and humour for the différencialiste (difference) current of French women’s writing – the current that ...
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Annie Leclerc’s writing, most famously the iconic 1974 text Parole de femme, speaks with lyricism and humour for the différencialiste (difference) current of French women’s writing – the current that has been widely identified outside France with ‘French Feminism’. At the time of its initial publication, the book created intense controversy within the French feminist movement: it was the object of a searing critique by materialist feminist Christine Delphy in the pages of Les Temps modernes, and led to Leclerc’s expulsion from the circle around Simone de Beauvoir.When Leclerc died in 2006, her friend and fellow author Nancy Huston wrote an essay on her work, Passions d’Annie Leclerc (2007), that is at once a tribute, a biographical sketch and a meditation on female friendship. The two writers, of slightly different generations (Leclerc b. 1940, Huston 1953) shared a feminism committed– sometimes disturbingly –to the notion of gender difference and hence to some degree sceptical of the Beauvoirian, constructivist model. Analysing Leclerc’s influential text through the lens of Huston’s contemporary essay, this chapterdiscusses the ‘difference’ strand in French feminism, in the 1970s and now, and its relationship to the innovatively hybrid form of Huston’s memorial essay.Less
Annie Leclerc’s writing, most famously the iconic 1974 text Parole de femme, speaks with lyricism and humour for the différencialiste (difference) current of French women’s writing – the current that has been widely identified outside France with ‘French Feminism’. At the time of its initial publication, the book created intense controversy within the French feminist movement: it was the object of a searing critique by materialist feminist Christine Delphy in the pages of Les Temps modernes, and led to Leclerc’s expulsion from the circle around Simone de Beauvoir.When Leclerc died in 2006, her friend and fellow author Nancy Huston wrote an essay on her work, Passions d’Annie Leclerc (2007), that is at once a tribute, a biographical sketch and a meditation on female friendship. The two writers, of slightly different generations (Leclerc b. 1940, Huston 1953) shared a feminism committed– sometimes disturbingly –to the notion of gender difference and hence to some degree sceptical of the Beauvoirian, constructivist model. Analysing Leclerc’s influential text through the lens of Huston’s contemporary essay, this chapterdiscusses the ‘difference’ strand in French feminism, in the 1970s and now, and its relationship to the innovatively hybrid form of Huston’s memorial essay.
James Tabery
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262027373
- eISBN:
- 9780262324144
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027373.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
What is the relationship between scientists who study the causal mechanisms responsible for the development of traits and scientists who study the causes of variation responsible for differences in ...
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What is the relationship between scientists who study the causal mechanisms responsible for the development of traits and scientists who study the causes of variation responsible for differences in those traits? A number of characterizations of this relationship have been proposed which treat the two scientific approaches to explanation as incommensurably distinct and isolated from one another. This chapter instead offers a formulation of the relationship that sees the two scientific approaches as integratively related—as capable of pluralistically co-informing one another. The chapter draws on scholarship from the new mechanical philosophy and research on the concept of causation to formulate the integrative relationship.Less
What is the relationship between scientists who study the causal mechanisms responsible for the development of traits and scientists who study the causes of variation responsible for differences in those traits? A number of characterizations of this relationship have been proposed which treat the two scientific approaches to explanation as incommensurably distinct and isolated from one another. This chapter instead offers a formulation of the relationship that sees the two scientific approaches as integratively related—as capable of pluralistically co-informing one another. The chapter draws on scholarship from the new mechanical philosophy and research on the concept of causation to formulate the integrative relationship.
Alex Tissandier
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474417747
- eISBN:
- 9781474449748
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474417747.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter introduces the motivations and method behind Deleuze’s philosophical project. It begins with a detailed reading of Deleuze’s review of Hyppolite’s Logic and Existence, in which Deleuze ...
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This chapter introduces the motivations and method behind Deleuze’s philosophical project. It begins with a detailed reading of Deleuze’s review of Hyppolite’s Logic and Existence, in which Deleuze first articulates his claim that the goal of philosophy is to create a logic of sense, rather than a metaphysics of essence. This review introduces Deleuze’s central criticism that the history of philosophy has for too long given a foundational role to certain features of our naïve representation of the world, instead of explaining the genesis of these features. Among these is an understanding of difference as opposition that finds its ultimate expression in Hegelian contradiction. Deleuze briefly invokes Leibniz as a figure who is perhaps capable of providing an alternative concept of difference. The chapter then turns to the opening chapters of Difference and Repetition, where Deleuze again outlines a critique of the history of philosophy’s treatment of difference and its subordination to the structure of representation. This time Deleuze traces a history through Plato, Aristotle, Leibniz and Hegel. In Leibniz he identifies for the first time a world of “restless” infinitely small differences which will become central to all his later readings.Less
This chapter introduces the motivations and method behind Deleuze’s philosophical project. It begins with a detailed reading of Deleuze’s review of Hyppolite’s Logic and Existence, in which Deleuze first articulates his claim that the goal of philosophy is to create a logic of sense, rather than a metaphysics of essence. This review introduces Deleuze’s central criticism that the history of philosophy has for too long given a foundational role to certain features of our naïve representation of the world, instead of explaining the genesis of these features. Among these is an understanding of difference as opposition that finds its ultimate expression in Hegelian contradiction. Deleuze briefly invokes Leibniz as a figure who is perhaps capable of providing an alternative concept of difference. The chapter then turns to the opening chapters of Difference and Repetition, where Deleuze again outlines a critique of the history of philosophy’s treatment of difference and its subordination to the structure of representation. This time Deleuze traces a history through Plato, Aristotle, Leibniz and Hegel. In Leibniz he identifies for the first time a world of “restless” infinitely small differences which will become central to all his later readings.
Alex Tissandier
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474417747
- eISBN:
- 9781474449748
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474417747.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter uses concepts from Leibniz’s philosophy to provide an account of the metaphysical system Deleuze constructs in Difference and Repetition and Logic of Sense. This account has four key ...
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This chapter uses concepts from Leibniz’s philosophy to provide an account of the metaphysical system Deleuze constructs in Difference and Repetition and Logic of Sense. This account has four key components. 1) An ideal continuum populated by reciprocally determined differential relations, from which individuals are produced. Leibniz’s infinitesimal calculus is the technique most suited to describe this continuum. 2) The singularities or events which populate the continuum and which eventually form the “predicates” which are included within individuals. An inverted version of Leibniz’s theory of infinite analysis, which Deleuze dubs ‘vice-diction’, allows us to describe how these singularities are distributed. 3) The relations of compossibility between singularities which allow the articulation of a structure prior to any logical relations of opposition or contradiction. In Leibniz, a divergence between singularities marks a bifurcation into two distinct possible worlds. In Deleuze, by contrast, divergent series resonate and communicate with one another. 4) An “ideal game” which presides over the actualisation of this pre-individual continuum through the genesis of individuals. In Leibniz this game is subject to the rules of a divine calculus in which God selects a “best of all possible worlds” whose harmony is guaranteed. Deleuze, however, will reject this theological constraint.Less
This chapter uses concepts from Leibniz’s philosophy to provide an account of the metaphysical system Deleuze constructs in Difference and Repetition and Logic of Sense. This account has four key components. 1) An ideal continuum populated by reciprocally determined differential relations, from which individuals are produced. Leibniz’s infinitesimal calculus is the technique most suited to describe this continuum. 2) The singularities or events which populate the continuum and which eventually form the “predicates” which are included within individuals. An inverted version of Leibniz’s theory of infinite analysis, which Deleuze dubs ‘vice-diction’, allows us to describe how these singularities are distributed. 3) The relations of compossibility between singularities which allow the articulation of a structure prior to any logical relations of opposition or contradiction. In Leibniz, a divergence between singularities marks a bifurcation into two distinct possible worlds. In Deleuze, by contrast, divergent series resonate and communicate with one another. 4) An “ideal game” which presides over the actualisation of this pre-individual continuum through the genesis of individuals. In Leibniz this game is subject to the rules of a divine calculus in which God selects a “best of all possible worlds” whose harmony is guaranteed. Deleuze, however, will reject this theological constraint.
Jeffrey A. Bell and Claire Colebrook (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748636082
- eISBN:
- 9780748671748
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748636082.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This chapter explores how to read Gilles Deleuze's texts in relation to one another and in relation to the problems and concepts they appear to share. The Logic of Sense presents one of the most ...
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This chapter explores how to read Gilles Deleuze's texts in relation to one another and in relation to the problems and concepts they appear to share. The Logic of Sense presents one of the most detailed accounts of the incorporeal realm of becoming and the pure event to be found anywhere in Deleuze. In Difference and Repetition, The Logic of Sense and What is Philosophy?, Deleuze cites the same passage from Charles Péguy's Clio. In the first two texts, the passage is used to support the idea that there are two levels or dimensions of time. What is Philosophy? refers to the same passage in support of a different thesis. Deleuze and Félix Guattari's conception of history depends on the outline according to which virtual movements find expression in actual historical processes. They developed concepts that express the virtual dynamics of historical and other kinds of event.Less
This chapter explores how to read Gilles Deleuze's texts in relation to one another and in relation to the problems and concepts they appear to share. The Logic of Sense presents one of the most detailed accounts of the incorporeal realm of becoming and the pure event to be found anywhere in Deleuze. In Difference and Repetition, The Logic of Sense and What is Philosophy?, Deleuze cites the same passage from Charles Péguy's Clio. In the first two texts, the passage is used to support the idea that there are two levels or dimensions of time. What is Philosophy? refers to the same passage in support of a different thesis. Deleuze and Félix Guattari's conception of history depends on the outline according to which virtual movements find expression in actual historical processes. They developed concepts that express the virtual dynamics of historical and other kinds of event.
