Martha H. Verbrugge
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195168792
- eISBN:
- 9780199949649
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195168792.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century, American History: 19th Century
Chapter 6 examines physical education and sports for boys and girls in the white and black divisions of the segregated public schools in Washington, D.C., from the introduction of formal training in ...
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Chapter 6 examines physical education and sports for boys and girls in the white and black divisions of the segregated public schools in Washington, D.C., from the introduction of formal training in 1889 to racial integration in the mid-1950s. The chapter demonstrates how white leaders systematically used concepts of “difference” to disadvantage certain pupils and teachers along lines of gender and race. Two examples are developed: the privileging of athletic boys through sports, and the subordination of black pupils and staff through segregation. The chapter also discusses the conflicts and resistance that such disparities engendered; it examines how physical educators protected instructional activities in the shadow of athletics, and how the innovative curricula of black gym teachers (including Edwin B. Henderson and Anita J. Turner) challenged racial myths and discrimination. Overall, the chapter illustrates the seemingly paradoxical capacity of “difference” to both disable and empower marginalized groups.Less
Chapter 6 examines physical education and sports for boys and girls in the white and black divisions of the segregated public schools in Washington, D.C., from the introduction of formal training in 1889 to racial integration in the mid-1950s. The chapter demonstrates how white leaders systematically used concepts of “difference” to disadvantage certain pupils and teachers along lines of gender and race. Two examples are developed: the privileging of athletic boys through sports, and the subordination of black pupils and staff through segregation. The chapter also discusses the conflicts and resistance that such disparities engendered; it examines how physical educators protected instructional activities in the shadow of athletics, and how the innovative curricula of black gym teachers (including Edwin B. Henderson and Anita J. Turner) challenged racial myths and discrimination. Overall, the chapter illustrates the seemingly paradoxical capacity of “difference” to both disable and empower marginalized groups.
Louis P. Masur (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195098372
- eISBN:
- 9780199853908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195098372.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Nathaniel Hawthorne's letters showed vitality and independence. He tweaked his dear English friends for supporting the Confederacy and he derided his abolitionist neighbors for their simplicity. He ...
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Nathaniel Hawthorne's letters showed vitality and independence. He tweaked his dear English friends for supporting the Confederacy and he derided his abolitionist neighbors for their simplicity. He marveled at how war-spirit galvanized the nation and even proclaimed a desire to shoulder a musket himself. However, he failed to see what would be gained from the slaughter and was more than willing to let the Confederacy go provided that the border states—Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri—remained with the Union. In Washington, D.C. Hawthorne became part of a Massachusetts delegation that called at the White House and met Abraham Lincoln. He returned to Concord and completed the manuscript of “Chiefly About War-Matters.” The essay was a searching meditation on the war, simultaneously patriotic and treasonous, lyrical and satirical. James Fields, editor of the Atlantic Monthly, liked the piece, but asked Hawthorne to alter his description of Lincoln which Hawthorne later refused.Less
Nathaniel Hawthorne's letters showed vitality and independence. He tweaked his dear English friends for supporting the Confederacy and he derided his abolitionist neighbors for their simplicity. He marveled at how war-spirit galvanized the nation and even proclaimed a desire to shoulder a musket himself. However, he failed to see what would be gained from the slaughter and was more than willing to let the Confederacy go provided that the border states—Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri—remained with the Union. In Washington, D.C. Hawthorne became part of a Massachusetts delegation that called at the White House and met Abraham Lincoln. He returned to Concord and completed the manuscript of “Chiefly About War-Matters.” The essay was a searching meditation on the war, simultaneously patriotic and treasonous, lyrical and satirical. James Fields, editor of the Atlantic Monthly, liked the piece, but asked Hawthorne to alter his description of Lincoln which Hawthorne later refused.
Burnis R. Morris
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496814074
- eISBN:
- 9781496814111
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496814074.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Evidence of Carter G. Woodson’s influence is abundant. At the opening ceremony for the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C., on September 24, 2016, Congressman ...
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Evidence of Carter G. Woodson’s influence is abundant. At the opening ceremony for the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C., on September 24, 2016, Congressman John Lewis, the civil rights icon, recalled his study of Woodson’s work for inspiration as a young man. A New York Times article published in concert with the museum’s opening linked struggles for respect in black history to Woodson’s cause, as well as the contributions of George Washington Williams and John Hope Franklin. However, what little attention Woodson occasionally receives from the media today comes largely from black-oriented media. For instance, The Afro-American has been among the sponsors of the annual observance of Woodson’s birthday at Shiloh Baptist Church in Washington, and other black newspapers for a number of years following his death ran articles reciting Woodson’s work.Less
Evidence of Carter G. Woodson’s influence is abundant. At the opening ceremony for the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C., on September 24, 2016, Congressman John Lewis, the civil rights icon, recalled his study of Woodson’s work for inspiration as a young man. A New York Times article published in concert with the museum’s opening linked struggles for respect in black history to Woodson’s cause, as well as the contributions of George Washington Williams and John Hope Franklin. However, what little attention Woodson occasionally receives from the media today comes largely from black-oriented media. For instance, The Afro-American has been among the sponsors of the annual observance of Woodson’s birthday at Shiloh Baptist Church in Washington, and other black newspapers for a number of years following his death ran articles reciting Woodson’s work.
Darius Bost
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226589794
- eISBN:
- 9780226589961
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226589961.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gay and Lesbian Studies
From the late 1970s to the mid-1990s, black gay men produced a rich and diverse body of cultural work—poetry, fiction, literary journals and anthologies, magazines, newspapers, performance and visual ...
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From the late 1970s to the mid-1990s, black gay men produced a rich and diverse body of cultural work—poetry, fiction, literary journals and anthologies, magazines, newspapers, performance and visual art—to narrate their experiences with and everyday struggles against racism, homophobia, capitalism, and HIV/AIDS. This book discusses this cultural renaissance, and focuses on activities in Washington, D.C., and New York City. Drawing on literary analysis, archival materials, oral histories, and interviews, the book demonstrates how black gay men used these literary and cultural forms to address trauma and violence in their communities, build connections among black gay men, engage in political mobilization, and assert more complex narratives of racial, gender, and sexual selfhood. Individual chapters focus on the magazine Blacklight and the performance group Cinque; the works of Essex Hemphill and Joseph Beam; the history and cultural production of writers’ group, Other Countries Collective; and the diaries of poet, novelist, translator, and scholar Melvin Dixon.Less
From the late 1970s to the mid-1990s, black gay men produced a rich and diverse body of cultural work—poetry, fiction, literary journals and anthologies, magazines, newspapers, performance and visual art—to narrate their experiences with and everyday struggles against racism, homophobia, capitalism, and HIV/AIDS. This book discusses this cultural renaissance, and focuses on activities in Washington, D.C., and New York City. Drawing on literary analysis, archival materials, oral histories, and interviews, the book demonstrates how black gay men used these literary and cultural forms to address trauma and violence in their communities, build connections among black gay men, engage in political mobilization, and assert more complex narratives of racial, gender, and sexual selfhood. Individual chapters focus on the magazine Blacklight and the performance group Cinque; the works of Essex Hemphill and Joseph Beam; the history and cultural production of writers’ group, Other Countries Collective; and the diaries of poet, novelist, translator, and scholar Melvin Dixon.
Treva B. Lindsey
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252041020
- eISBN:
- 9780252099571
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252041020.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
Colored No More: Reinventing Black Womanhood in Washington, D.C. examines the expressive culture of African American women in Washington, D.C. during the early twentieth century. Honing in on the ...
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Colored No More: Reinventing Black Womanhood in Washington, D.C. examines the expressive culture of African American women in Washington, D.C. during the early twentieth century. Honing in on the intellectual and cultural strivings of African American women communities in New Negro era Washington, I unveil a city in which African American women sought to configure themselves as authorial subjects. Between 1860 and 1930, the population of black women in Washington increased from 8.402 to 69,843. Over the course of seventy years of African American women’s migration to the nation’s capital, numerous institutions, organizations, and political, social, and cultural arenas emerged in Washington that catered to the specific needs, desires, and interests of a rapidly growing population of black women. African American women established spaces for contesting political, social and cultural currents and conventions that limited black women’s participation in the public sphere. Many of these women defiantly entered into public cultures such as higher education, literary activism, and local and interstate commerce. New Negro women challenged racial, gender, and sexual ideologies and norms that often relegated African American women to subordinate political, social, and cultural statuses. Colored No More reveals the significance of Washington, D.C. as a New Negro city. The African American women who inhabited the nation’s capital were integral to African American freedom and equality struggles of the early twentieth century.Less
Colored No More: Reinventing Black Womanhood in Washington, D.C. examines the expressive culture of African American women in Washington, D.C. during the early twentieth century. Honing in on the intellectual and cultural strivings of African American women communities in New Negro era Washington, I unveil a city in which African American women sought to configure themselves as authorial subjects. Between 1860 and 1930, the population of black women in Washington increased from 8.402 to 69,843. Over the course of seventy years of African American women’s migration to the nation’s capital, numerous institutions, organizations, and political, social, and cultural arenas emerged in Washington that catered to the specific needs, desires, and interests of a rapidly growing population of black women. African American women established spaces for contesting political, social and cultural currents and conventions that limited black women’s participation in the public sphere. Many of these women defiantly entered into public cultures such as higher education, literary activism, and local and interstate commerce. New Negro women challenged racial, gender, and sexual ideologies and norms that often relegated African American women to subordinate political, social, and cultural statuses. Colored No More reveals the significance of Washington, D.C. as a New Negro city. The African American women who inhabited the nation’s capital were integral to African American freedom and equality struggles of the early twentieth century.
Paul C. Gutjahr
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199740420
- eISBN:
- 9780199894703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199740420.003.0050
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Chapter Fifty looks at Hodge and his family during the Civil War. As was true of most of the United States, Hodge had personal ties to the War. His fourth son, John, served for a time, and his ...
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Chapter Fifty looks at Hodge and his family during the Civil War. As was true of most of the United States, Hodge had personal ties to the War. His fourth son, John, served for a time, and his brother-in-law, General David Hunter, kept Hodge abreast of Washington politics and news of the War more generally. Hodge was depressed throughout much of the War, saddened by the loss of life and the loss of the Union itself. During the War, Archie and his family returned to the North to take up a pastorate in Wilkes-Barré, Pennsylvania, while Mary returned to Princeton with her family, where her husband died of consumption soon after their arrival.Less
Chapter Fifty looks at Hodge and his family during the Civil War. As was true of most of the United States, Hodge had personal ties to the War. His fourth son, John, served for a time, and his brother-in-law, General David Hunter, kept Hodge abreast of Washington politics and news of the War more generally. Hodge was depressed throughout much of the War, saddened by the loss of life and the loss of the Union itself. During the War, Archie and his family returned to the North to take up a pastorate in Wilkes-Barré, Pennsylvania, while Mary returned to Princeton with her family, where her husband died of consumption soon after their arrival.
Joseph McAleer
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203292
- eISBN:
- 9780191675843
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203292.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This book is concerned with the reading public which Wilkie Collins and George Orwell tried to describe, during the period when Orwell wrote and which Collins would have recognised: from 1914 until ...
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This book is concerned with the reading public which Wilkie Collins and George Orwell tried to describe, during the period when Orwell wrote and which Collins would have recognised: from 1914 until 1950. The book examines three publishing houses, noting in particular their complicated editorial policies within the increasingly ‘mass’ market. These are Mills & Boon, D. C. Thomson, and the Religious Tract Society. Mills & Boon and D. C. Thomson were the quintessential publishers of the early 20th century: essentially commercial enterprises, each firm reflected changing social values within its publications while courting their readerships. The Religious Tract Society was less successful: a 19th-century foundation embodying the spirit of Victorian liberalism, it failed to adapt to a changing (and increasingly secular) world, with disastrous results.Less
This book is concerned with the reading public which Wilkie Collins and George Orwell tried to describe, during the period when Orwell wrote and which Collins would have recognised: from 1914 until 1950. The book examines three publishing houses, noting in particular their complicated editorial policies within the increasingly ‘mass’ market. These are Mills & Boon, D. C. Thomson, and the Religious Tract Society. Mills & Boon and D. C. Thomson were the quintessential publishers of the early 20th century: essentially commercial enterprises, each firm reflected changing social values within its publications while courting their readerships. The Religious Tract Society was less successful: a 19th-century foundation embodying the spirit of Victorian liberalism, it failed to adapt to a changing (and increasingly secular) world, with disastrous results.
Joseph McAleer
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203292
- eISBN:
- 9780191675843
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203292.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
In order to understand the market for light fiction and its mass readership which were an established part of British culture after World War I, this chapter considers the growth of the Unknown ...
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In order to understand the market for light fiction and its mass readership which were an established part of British culture after World War I, this chapter considers the growth of the Unknown Public and the development of the publishing industry in the 19th century. Many factors stimulated a boom in reading and in publishing. These included the abolition of the ‘taxes on knowledge’, the extension of education and literacy, and the development of new (and cheaper) methods of production and distribution. Two schools of thought influenced the expanding market for popular fiction. One of these was a by-product of Victorian liberalism, Reformist in aspiration, namely, publishers such as the Religious Tract. The other school was wholly commercial and entrepreneurial. The state of the publishing industry and the reading market by 1914 was not simple. D. C. Thomson and Mills & Boon, represented a synthesis of these two attitudes.Less
In order to understand the market for light fiction and its mass readership which were an established part of British culture after World War I, this chapter considers the growth of the Unknown Public and the development of the publishing industry in the 19th century. Many factors stimulated a boom in reading and in publishing. These included the abolition of the ‘taxes on knowledge’, the extension of education and literacy, and the development of new (and cheaper) methods of production and distribution. Two schools of thought influenced the expanding market for popular fiction. One of these was a by-product of Victorian liberalism, Reformist in aspiration, namely, publishers such as the Religious Tract. The other school was wholly commercial and entrepreneurial. The state of the publishing industry and the reading market by 1914 was not simple. D. C. Thomson and Mills & Boon, represented a synthesis of these two attitudes.
Joseph McAleer
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203292
- eISBN:
- 9780191675843
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203292.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter considers the reading habits of children and adolescents between the ages of ten and sixteen. It examines what they read, how far what they read was determined by social class, and why ...
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This chapter considers the reading habits of children and adolescents between the ages of ten and sixteen. It examines what they read, how far what they read was determined by social class, and why they read it. Two curious and somewhat neglected phenomena are also discussed: the marked inclination of girls to read boys' literature and for children and adolescents to read adult literature. The latter point is vital in establishing a possible link between the tastes of the young and the old among the lower-middle and working classes. The chapter states that both boys and girls, moreover, shared their parents' affection for light adult fiction. Children's magazines or ‘bloods’ were shaped by these tastes. A desire for new and exciting material favoured D. C. Thomson's lively blend of science fiction and international settings.Less
This chapter considers the reading habits of children and adolescents between the ages of ten and sixteen. It examines what they read, how far what they read was determined by social class, and why they read it. Two curious and somewhat neglected phenomena are also discussed: the marked inclination of girls to read boys' literature and for children and adolescents to read adult literature. The latter point is vital in establishing a possible link between the tastes of the young and the old among the lower-middle and working classes. The chapter states that both boys and girls, moreover, shared their parents' affection for light adult fiction. Children's magazines or ‘bloods’ were shaped by these tastes. A desire for new and exciting material favoured D. C. Thomson's lively blend of science fiction and international settings.
Joseph McAleer
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203292
- eISBN:
- 9780191675843
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203292.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The most successful publisher of letterpress weekly papers for women and for boys during this period was D. C. Thomson & Co., Ltd., of Dundee. It has also been one of the most controversial. This ...
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The most successful publisher of letterpress weekly papers for women and for boys during this period was D. C. Thomson & Co., Ltd., of Dundee. It has also been one of the most controversial. This chapter looks at the extraordinary success of the D. C. Thomson company by examining in turn the firm's history, the ways in which it entrenched itself as the dominant force in the market, and its editorial policies. The acquisition of John Leng was a shrewd investment which considerably strengthened D.C. Thomson. Leng was an established fixture in the Scottish magazine market, publishers of the most popular weekly, The People's Friend. They also published The People's Journal, a local-interest publication known throughout Scotland as the ‘Ploughman's Bible’. Thomson-Leng's letterpress weeklies for women and for boys exploited the demand for stories of romance, crime, and adventure created by light fiction and the cinema.Less
The most successful publisher of letterpress weekly papers for women and for boys during this period was D. C. Thomson & Co., Ltd., of Dundee. It has also been one of the most controversial. This chapter looks at the extraordinary success of the D. C. Thomson company by examining in turn the firm's history, the ways in which it entrenched itself as the dominant force in the market, and its editorial policies. The acquisition of John Leng was a shrewd investment which considerably strengthened D.C. Thomson. Leng was an established fixture in the Scottish magazine market, publishers of the most popular weekly, The People's Friend. They also published The People's Journal, a local-interest publication known throughout Scotland as the ‘Ploughman's Bible’. Thomson-Leng's letterpress weeklies for women and for boys exploited the demand for stories of romance, crime, and adventure created by light fiction and the cinema.
Joseph McAleer
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203292
- eISBN:
- 9780191675843
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203292.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
D. C. Thomson and the Religious Tract Society had much in common. Both firms enjoyed immediate success as publishers of popular magazines. In the field of boys' papers they were rivals to some ...
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D. C. Thomson and the Religious Tract Society had much in common. Both firms enjoyed immediate success as publishers of popular magazines. In the field of boys' papers they were rivals to some extent; in fact, the Boy's Own Paper established the modern market for this schoolboy genre, just as the Girl's Own Paper did for the schoolgirl and, partly, for women in general. The decline of the once-mighty Religious Tract Society is the other side of the success of Mills & Boon and D. C. Thomson. An examination of its history provides an insight into the types of problems which beset all publishers of popular fiction during this period, but through the experience of one which, unlike Mills & Boon or D. C. Thomson, was not able to overcome them. It is also a witness to the ultimate failure of the lofty aims of one of the first Victorian reformers of the popular press.Less
D. C. Thomson and the Religious Tract Society had much in common. Both firms enjoyed immediate success as publishers of popular magazines. In the field of boys' papers they were rivals to some extent; in fact, the Boy's Own Paper established the modern market for this schoolboy genre, just as the Girl's Own Paper did for the schoolgirl and, partly, for women in general. The decline of the once-mighty Religious Tract Society is the other side of the success of Mills & Boon and D. C. Thomson. An examination of its history provides an insight into the types of problems which beset all publishers of popular fiction during this period, but through the experience of one which, unlike Mills & Boon or D. C. Thomson, was not able to overcome them. It is also a witness to the ultimate failure of the lofty aims of one of the first Victorian reformers of the popular press.
Joseph McAleer
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203292
- eISBN:
- 9780191675843
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203292.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
It is clear that Wilkie Collins and George Orwell were largely correct in their conclusions about the reading public and the popular publishing industry. They both claimed that reading among both ...
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It is clear that Wilkie Collins and George Orwell were largely correct in their conclusions about the reading public and the popular publishing industry. They both claimed that reading among both adults and children in the lower-middle and working classes was a popular leisure activity. This book agrees with two of Orwell's assertions about the contents of boys' weeklies and romantic novels: the resolution of good fortune; there was no social or collective solution, and no alternative image of social improvement or organisation was presented. In fact, publishers such as Mills & Boon and D. C. Thomson were careful to make their plots as apolitical and ‘uncontroversial’ as possible. However, the ‘Unknown Public’, which this book has tried to define, did not graduate to ‘high-brow’ novels and non-fiction, as Collins predicted with robust optimism.Less
It is clear that Wilkie Collins and George Orwell were largely correct in their conclusions about the reading public and the popular publishing industry. They both claimed that reading among both adults and children in the lower-middle and working classes was a popular leisure activity. This book agrees with two of Orwell's assertions about the contents of boys' weeklies and romantic novels: the resolution of good fortune; there was no social or collective solution, and no alternative image of social improvement or organisation was presented. In fact, publishers such as Mills & Boon and D. C. Thomson were careful to make their plots as apolitical and ‘uncontroversial’ as possible. However, the ‘Unknown Public’, which this book has tried to define, did not graduate to ‘high-brow’ novels and non-fiction, as Collins predicted with robust optimism.
Cati Coe
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781479831012
- eISBN:
- 9781479850921
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479831012.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This coda explores the history of domestic service in Washington DC, drawing on the literature, oral history in my own family, and patients’ experiences. It considers why patients considered domestic ...
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This coda explores the history of domestic service in Washington DC, drawing on the literature, oral history in my own family, and patients’ experiences. It considers why patients considered domestic service different from care work.Less
This coda explores the history of domestic service in Washington DC, drawing on the literature, oral history in my own family, and patients’ experiences. It considers why patients considered domestic service different from care work.
Thomas A. Tweed
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199782987
- eISBN:
- 9780199897384
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199782987.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
In the years between the Shrine's approval and dedication, the clergy believed there was “grand work” to do. At the Shrine and beyond its threshold, the clergy hoped their efforts would secure ...
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In the years between the Shrine's approval and dedication, the clergy believed there was “grand work” to do. At the Shrine and beyond its threshold, the clergy hoped their efforts would secure Catholicism's public presence. Ecclesiastical leaders not only hoped to contest Protestant interpretations of their faith, but—in a related effort—they also tried to claim civic space. They did so by working locally, regionally, and nationally to assert influence on American politics, culture, society, and economy. A few who ventured into the public arena had direct or indirect links with the Shrine. More important, in this chapter—which focuses on the building's geographical location, exterior design, and cultural function—it is argued that its clerical promoters helped to create the American tradition of making religious claims on civic space in the nation's capital, an important but overlooked pattern of public religious practice in the United States. Like the leaders of Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, and Jewish groups, Roman Catholic advocates increasingly focused their attention on Washington, where they asserted their presence through rituals (vigils, processions, pilgrimages, and parades) and architecture (war memorials, the Vatican's embassy, churches, and shrines).Less
In the years between the Shrine's approval and dedication, the clergy believed there was “grand work” to do. At the Shrine and beyond its threshold, the clergy hoped their efforts would secure Catholicism's public presence. Ecclesiastical leaders not only hoped to contest Protestant interpretations of their faith, but—in a related effort—they also tried to claim civic space. They did so by working locally, regionally, and nationally to assert influence on American politics, culture, society, and economy. A few who ventured into the public arena had direct or indirect links with the Shrine. More important, in this chapter—which focuses on the building's geographical location, exterior design, and cultural function—it is argued that its clerical promoters helped to create the American tradition of making religious claims on civic space in the nation's capital, an important but overlooked pattern of public religious practice in the United States. Like the leaders of Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, and Jewish groups, Roman Catholic advocates increasingly focused their attention on Washington, where they asserted their presence through rituals (vigils, processions, pilgrimages, and parades) and architecture (war memorials, the Vatican's embassy, churches, and shrines).
James A. Percoco
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823228959
- eISBN:
- 9780823234981
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823228959.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
The Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. remains the greatest public space in America, the ultimate destination monument. It is unlikely that the two men most responsible for ...
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The Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. remains the greatest public space in America, the ultimate destination monument. It is unlikely that the two men most responsible for the memorial's design imagined that, like the man whose memory they honored, the Lincoln Memorial would become a place of historical significance. Seated there in his flag-draped chair of state, protected by architect Henry Bacon's magnificent neoclassical temple, Daniel Chester French's Lincoln has witnessed history: civil rights rallies, protests against the Vietnam War, prayer vigils for a host of causes, assorted concerts, and celebrations for both Republican and Democratic Party presidential inaugurals. There is an affinity for Abraham Lincoln among not only Americans but also people all across the globe precisely because he was “one of us”, yet literally made it to the top. Deep down, people like Lincoln because they can relate to him in some way and at some level.Less
The Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. remains the greatest public space in America, the ultimate destination monument. It is unlikely that the two men most responsible for the memorial's design imagined that, like the man whose memory they honored, the Lincoln Memorial would become a place of historical significance. Seated there in his flag-draped chair of state, protected by architect Henry Bacon's magnificent neoclassical temple, Daniel Chester French's Lincoln has witnessed history: civil rights rallies, protests against the Vietnam War, prayer vigils for a host of causes, assorted concerts, and celebrations for both Republican and Democratic Party presidential inaugurals. There is an affinity for Abraham Lincoln among not only Americans but also people all across the globe precisely because he was “one of us”, yet literally made it to the top. Deep down, people like Lincoln because they can relate to him in some way and at some level.
Chris Myers Asch
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807872024
- eISBN:
- 9781469603537
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807878057_asch.4
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter describes how Sunflower can be a beautiful place even in the heat of late summer. As a native of Washington, D.C., the author had never experienced rural life, and he found himself ...
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This chapter describes how Sunflower can be a beautiful place even in the heat of late summer. As a native of Washington, D.C., the author had never experienced rural life, and he found himself loving it—vast fields that stretched to the horizon, unhindered by buildings, trees, or elevation changes; the massive sky filled at night with stars he never knew existed; brilliant sunsets that set clouds aflame. He had left behind a world of frenetic busyness, mind-numbing traffic, and relentless hurry for a town without a stoplight or twenty-four-hour convenience store. The author could walk to work in six minutes, and everyone who passed by in a car or pickup waved or called hello. Running errands became a leisurely opportunity to talk with his students' parents and other folks at the post office or Mrs. Russell's grocery store.Less
This chapter describes how Sunflower can be a beautiful place even in the heat of late summer. As a native of Washington, D.C., the author had never experienced rural life, and he found himself loving it—vast fields that stretched to the horizon, unhindered by buildings, trees, or elevation changes; the massive sky filled at night with stars he never knew existed; brilliant sunsets that set clouds aflame. He had left behind a world of frenetic busyness, mind-numbing traffic, and relentless hurry for a town without a stoplight or twenty-four-hour convenience store. The author could walk to work in six minutes, and everyone who passed by in a car or pickup waved or called hello. Running errands became a leisurely opportunity to talk with his students' parents and other folks at the post office or Mrs. Russell's grocery store.
Chris Myers Asch and George Derek Musgrove
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469635866
- eISBN:
- 9781469635873
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635866.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Monumental in scope and vividly detailed, Chocolate City tells the tumultuous, four-century story of race and democracy in our nation’s capital. Emblematic of the ongoing tensions between America’s ...
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Monumental in scope and vividly detailed, Chocolate City tells the tumultuous, four-century story of race and democracy in our nation’s capital. Emblematic of the ongoing tensions between America’s expansive democratic promises and its enduring racial realities, Washington often has served as a national battleground for contentious issues, including slavery, segregation, civil rights, the drug war, and gentrification. But D.C. is more than just a seat of government, and authors Chris Myers Asch and George Derek Musgrove also highlight the city’s rich history of local activism as Washingtonians of all races have struggled to make their voices heard in an undemocratic city where residents lack full political rights. Tracing D.C.’s massive transformations--from a sparsely inhabited plantation society into a diverse metropolis, from a center of the slave trade to the nation’s first black-majority city, from “Chocolate City” to “Latte City”--Asch and Musgrove offer an engaging narrative peppered with unforgettable characters, a history of deep racial division but also one of hope, resilience, and interracial cooperation.Less
Monumental in scope and vividly detailed, Chocolate City tells the tumultuous, four-century story of race and democracy in our nation’s capital. Emblematic of the ongoing tensions between America’s expansive democratic promises and its enduring racial realities, Washington often has served as a national battleground for contentious issues, including slavery, segregation, civil rights, the drug war, and gentrification. But D.C. is more than just a seat of government, and authors Chris Myers Asch and George Derek Musgrove also highlight the city’s rich history of local activism as Washingtonians of all races have struggled to make their voices heard in an undemocratic city where residents lack full political rights. Tracing D.C.’s massive transformations--from a sparsely inhabited plantation society into a diverse metropolis, from a center of the slave trade to the nation’s first black-majority city, from “Chocolate City” to “Latte City”--Asch and Musgrove offer an engaging narrative peppered with unforgettable characters, a history of deep racial division but also one of hope, resilience, and interracial cooperation.
Jessica Ziparo
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469635972
- eISBN:
- 9781469635989
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635972.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
In the volatility of the Civil War, the federal government opened its payrolls to women. Although the press and government officials considered the federal employment of women to be an innocuous ...
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In the volatility of the Civil War, the federal government opened its payrolls to women. Although the press and government officials considered the federal employment of women to be an innocuous wartime aberration, women immediately saw the new development for what it was: a rare chance to obtain well-paid, intellectually challenging work in a country and time that typically excluded females from such channels of labor. Thousands of female applicants from across the country flooded Washington with applications. Here, Jessica Ziparo traces the struggles and triumphs of early female federal employees, who were caught between traditional, cultural notions of female dependence and an evolving movement of female autonomy in a new economic reality. In doing so, Ziparo demonstrates how these women challenged societal gender norms, carved out a place for independent women in the streets of Washington, and sometimes clashed with the female suffrage movement. Examining the advent of female federal employment, Ziparo finds a lost opportunity for wage equality in the federal government and shows how despite discrimination, prejudice, and harassment, women persisted, succeeding in making their presence in the federal workforce permanent.Less
In the volatility of the Civil War, the federal government opened its payrolls to women. Although the press and government officials considered the federal employment of women to be an innocuous wartime aberration, women immediately saw the new development for what it was: a rare chance to obtain well-paid, intellectually challenging work in a country and time that typically excluded females from such channels of labor. Thousands of female applicants from across the country flooded Washington with applications. Here, Jessica Ziparo traces the struggles and triumphs of early female federal employees, who were caught between traditional, cultural notions of female dependence and an evolving movement of female autonomy in a new economic reality. In doing so, Ziparo demonstrates how these women challenged societal gender norms, carved out a place for independent women in the streets of Washington, and sometimes clashed with the female suffrage movement. Examining the advent of female federal employment, Ziparo finds a lost opportunity for wage equality in the federal government and shows how despite discrimination, prejudice, and harassment, women persisted, succeeding in making their presence in the federal workforce permanent.
Adrian Miller
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469632537
- eISBN:
- 9781469632551
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469632537.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This book provides a historical survey of African Americans involved in food service for U.S. presidents and the First Families. The main themes of this book are that these African Americans were ...
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This book provides a historical survey of African Americans involved in food service for U.S. presidents and the First Families. The main themes of this book are that these African Americans were culinary artists, family confidantes, and, at times, civil rights advocates. Instead of going by chronological order through each presidential administration, the book is organized by investigating different categories of presidential food service professionals: bartender, butler, caterer, chef, cook, guest chef, maid, maître d'hôtel, steward, and usher. Within each category, select African Americans are profiled. The profiles detail: the personal backgrounds of the presidential cooks; how they entered presidential food service; the material conditions of their workspace; what their typical day was like; how the racial attitudes of the president, the First Family, in Washington, D.C. and the broader society and the society around them have affected their status as White House workers and their workplace; and how they related to the presidents for whom they worked. The book also illuminates the different approaches that U.S. presidents have had towards the food operations at the executive residence, whether that be at the White House, or when the president travels elsewhere. The book concludes with a look at how the contemporary White House kitchen operates, how it inspires young people to the profession, and the prospects for future African American presidential chefs. Each chapter ends with actual presidential recipes or some inspired by select U.S. presidents.Less
This book provides a historical survey of African Americans involved in food service for U.S. presidents and the First Families. The main themes of this book are that these African Americans were culinary artists, family confidantes, and, at times, civil rights advocates. Instead of going by chronological order through each presidential administration, the book is organized by investigating different categories of presidential food service professionals: bartender, butler, caterer, chef, cook, guest chef, maid, maître d'hôtel, steward, and usher. Within each category, select African Americans are profiled. The profiles detail: the personal backgrounds of the presidential cooks; how they entered presidential food service; the material conditions of their workspace; what their typical day was like; how the racial attitudes of the president, the First Family, in Washington, D.C. and the broader society and the society around them have affected their status as White House workers and their workplace; and how they related to the presidents for whom they worked. The book also illuminates the different approaches that U.S. presidents have had towards the food operations at the executive residence, whether that be at the White House, or when the president travels elsewhere. The book concludes with a look at how the contemporary White House kitchen operates, how it inspires young people to the profession, and the prospects for future African American presidential chefs. Each chapter ends with actual presidential recipes or some inspired by select U.S. presidents.
Mary-Elizabeth B. Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469646725
- eISBN:
- 9781469646749
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646725.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Jim Crow Capital tells the story of how black women in Washington, D.C. transformed civil rights politics between 1920 and 1945. Even though no resident of the nation’s capital could cast a ballot, ...
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Jim Crow Capital tells the story of how black women in Washington, D.C. transformed civil rights politics between 1920 and 1945. Even though no resident of the nation’s capital could cast a ballot, women nonetheless proclaimed their first-class citizenship rights by working to influence congressional legislation, lobby politicians, shape policy, and secure freedom and justice for all African Americans, both in Washington, D.C. and across the country. During the course of their political campaigns, African American women’s relationship to federal and local politics underwent a fundamental transformation. During the 1920s, black women seized on their location in the nation’s capital to intervene in federal matters, thereby working to improve conditions for disenfranchised African Americans who lacked a political voice on a national level. But by the early 1930s, black women turned their attention to focus more fully on local politics in Washington, D.C. by waging campaigns for economic justice, voting rights, and an end to racial segregation and interracial police brutality, making their freedom struggle an example for the nation. Black women in Washington, D.C. crafted a broad vision of citizenship by waging comprehensive and interconnected campaigns for legal equality, economic citizenship, public commemoration, and safety from violence. Women’s political activism in Washington, D.C. influenced the post-war black freedom struggle and still resonates today.Less
Jim Crow Capital tells the story of how black women in Washington, D.C. transformed civil rights politics between 1920 and 1945. Even though no resident of the nation’s capital could cast a ballot, women nonetheless proclaimed their first-class citizenship rights by working to influence congressional legislation, lobby politicians, shape policy, and secure freedom and justice for all African Americans, both in Washington, D.C. and across the country. During the course of their political campaigns, African American women’s relationship to federal and local politics underwent a fundamental transformation. During the 1920s, black women seized on their location in the nation’s capital to intervene in federal matters, thereby working to improve conditions for disenfranchised African Americans who lacked a political voice on a national level. But by the early 1930s, black women turned their attention to focus more fully on local politics in Washington, D.C. by waging campaigns for economic justice, voting rights, and an end to racial segregation and interracial police brutality, making their freedom struggle an example for the nation. Black women in Washington, D.C. crafted a broad vision of citizenship by waging comprehensive and interconnected campaigns for legal equality, economic citizenship, public commemoration, and safety from violence. Women’s political activism in Washington, D.C. influenced the post-war black freedom struggle and still resonates today.
