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Auerbach, Homer, and the Jews

James I. Porter

in Classics and National Cultures

The chapter examines Erich Auerbach's contrastive analysis from 1942 of Homer and the Jewish Old Testament, situating that analysis firmly in its immediate historical context of German fascism, ... More

The chapter examines Erich Auerbach's contrastive analysis from 1942 of Homer and the Jewish Old Testament, situating that analysis firmly in its immediate historical context of German fascism, anti‐Semitism, and exile. The thesis is that by indexing the present historical moment in his reading, Auerbach, the displaced German Jew in Istanbul, is historicizing philology. At the same time he is inverting the political polarities of philology, not least by contrasting the two treatments (Homeric, biblical‐Jewish) of time, truth, and revelation in the two traditions that he is less comparing than critically pitting against each other. And he is undertaking all this in opposition to the ingrained tendencies of an anti‐Semitic classical philology and in the context of efforts in Germany to de‐Judaize Christianity. While he is remembered today as the founder of comparative literature, Auerbach is in fact Judaizing philology; that is, he is constructing a new oppositional Jewish philology that departs dramatically from the conventions of classical philology and romance philology.Less

The Greek Gods in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century German and British Scholarship

Jan N. Bremmer and Andrew Erskine

in The Gods of Ancient Greece: Identities and Transformations

The late 19th and early 20th century is a landmark in the history of the study of the Greek gods. In this paper, I examine key models of interpretation of the Greek gods in Germany and Britain at ... More

The late 19th and early 20th century is a landmark in the history of the study of the Greek gods. In this paper, I examine key models of interpretation of the Greek gods in Germany and Britain at this period with a focus on Apollo. On the German side, I examine the nature-mythological model of W.H. Roscher, the Sondergötter of H. Usener, and the Universal gods of E. Curtius. On the British side, I look at novel approaches inspired by anthropology and later sociology in the work of L.R. Farnell and J.E. Harrison. I am particularly interested in the ways in which interpretation reflected the values and the agendas of the interpreter and his/her times.Less

‘Salvationist for Greek Art’: London 1879–1886

Annabel Robinson

in The Life and Work of Jane Ellen Harrison

The narrative of this chapter covers Harrison's early years in London and on the continent. It traces the influence of Sidney Colvin, Charles Newton, Karl Otfried Müller, Ernst Curtius, and Heinrich ... More

The narrative of this chapter covers Harrison's early years in London and on the continent. It traces the influence of Sidney Colvin, Charles Newton, Karl Otfried Müller, Ernst Curtius, and Heinrich Brunn. During this period she published Myths of the Odyssey, a pioneer attempt to trace the development of myths over time through their representation in art. It describes her lectures at the British Museum, University Extension lectures, lectures at boys' schools, and at the Society for Hellenic Studies. She published in the Magazine of Art, Journal of Hellenic Studies, and Classical Review. Her social world is also described, as is her involvement with the theatrical production The Tale of Troy and her appearance in the title role in the OUDS performance of Euripides' Alcestis.Less

Consequences for Editors of Curtius

S. P. Oakley

in Studies in the Transmission of Latin Texts: Volume I: Quintus Curtius Rufus and Dictys Cretensis

The consequences of this investigation for editors of Curtius are discussed.

. An Anglo-Spanish Vanguard: The Criterion, the Revista de Occidente, and the Periodical Project of the New Europe

Gayle Rogers

in Modernism and the New Spain: Britain, Cosmopolitan Europe, and Literary History

Chapter One details the collaborations between these two reviews that eventually led to their joining a pan-European writing contest in 1929 within a network of modernist periodicals. The story of ... More

Chapter One details the collaborations between these two reviews that eventually led to their joining a pan-European writing contest in 1929 within a network of modernist periodicals. The story of how Eliot’s and Ortega’s reviews came to align with one another originates in both editors’ desire to unite an elite international vanguard of disinterested writers and thinkers. I analyze the ways in which the Criterion and the Revista de Occidente promoted often unpopular Europeanizing cultural politics in England and in Spain, and did so in part by crafting their critical voices around one another and around the writers and histories of the other’s nation. Largely outside of the expertise of either editor, these Anglo-Spanish journalistic relations were created by the translators and correspondents they employed, especially Antonio Marichalar and E. R. Curtius. The cosmopolitan attachments to Spanish literature and culture in the Criterion and to British modernism in the Revista de Occidente proved key to both reviews as they authorized their own marginal continental visions and combated fatalistic arguments about Europe and the West. In fact, against the history of Spain’s characterization by northern Europe—Kant in particular—the new cultural expressions of Spain’s “Moorish” blood were actually invoked in defense of these redefinitions of Europe.Less

Killing Cleitus: Alexander’s Fruitless Remorse

Laurel Fulkerson

in No Regrets: Remorse in Classical Antiquity

The fourth chapter discusses Alexander the Great’s expressions of remorse after his drunken murder of the courtier Cleitus. Here the dark side of remorse emerges more clearly, for his remorse is ... More

The fourth chapter discusses Alexander the Great’s expressions of remorse after his drunken murder of the courtier Cleitus. Here the dark side of remorse emerges more clearly, for his remorse is treated by most of the sources as either simply performative, or as genuine, but pointless, for it does not ameliorate his behaviour.Less

The Extant Manuscripts and Incunables

S. P. Oakley

in Studies in the Transmission of Latin Texts: Volume I: Quintus Curtius Rufus and Dictys Cretensis

This is a list, with bibliography and brief discussion, of all known and many lost manuscripts and incunables of Curtius Rufus.

The Progress of Scholarship

S. P. Oakley

in Studies in the Transmission of Latin Texts: Volume I: Quintus Curtius Rufus and Dictys Cretensis

This chapter discusses the progress of scholarship in elucidating the textual tradition of Curtius Rufus.

Curtius in Northern Europe in the Middle Ages: The Primary Witnesses

S. P. Oakley

in Studies in the Transmission of Latin Texts: Volume I: Quintus Curtius Rufus and Dictys Cretensis

This chapter discusses the interrelationships of the primary witnesses to the text of Curtius Rufus. it shown that almost all derive from lost hyparchetypes known as Π‎ and Σ‎.

Curtius in Northern Europe in the Middle Ages: The Family of B

S. P. Oakley

in Studies in the Transmission of Latin Texts: Volume I: Quintus Curtius Rufus and Dictys Cretensis

Descendants of MS B (Bern 451) are discussed. It is shown to be the only productive old MS in the Σ‎-class.

The Italian Tradition: The Family of Br

S. P. Oakley

in Studies in the Transmission of Latin Texts: Volume I: Quintus Curtius Rufus and Dictys Cretensis

The descendants of MS Br (Brussels 10161), a large family, are discussed. This manuscript, itself north European, is shown to be the ancestor of a large Italian family, amongst which Petrarch’s MS, ... More

The descendants of MS Br (Brussels 10161), a large family, are discussed. This manuscript, itself north European, is shown to be the ancestor of a large Italian family, amongst which Petrarch’s MS, Paris lat. 5720 has a special prominence.Less

The Italian Tradition: Descendants of Q

S. P. Oakley

in Studies in the Transmission of Latin Texts: Volume I: Quintus Curtius Rufus and Dictys Cretensis

The descendants of Q (Vatican, Reg. lat. 971), a small family, are discussed.

The Italian Tradition: δ‎

S. P. Oakley

in Studies in the Transmission of Latin Texts: Volume I: Quintus Curtius Rufus and Dictys Cretensis

The large family of Italian manuscripts here called δ‎ is discussed.

The Italian Tradition: Descendants of C

S. P. Oakley

in Studies in the Transmission of Latin Texts: Volume I: Quintus Curtius Rufus and Dictys Cretensis

The descendants of MS C (Florence, Laur. Conv. Soppr. 359 are discussed)

The Italian Tradition: The Edition of Vindelinus de Spira and its Progeny

S. P. Oakley

in Studies in the Transmission of Latin Texts: Volume I: Quintus Curtius Rufus and Dictys Cretensis

Manuscripts and incunables that derive, or derive ultimately, from the editio princeps of Vindelinus de Spira, are discussed.

The Shape of the Textual Tradition of Curtius

S. P. Oakley

in Studies in the Transmission of Latin Texts: Volume I: Quintus Curtius Rufus and Dictys Cretensis

The shape of the MS tradition of Curtius is discussed.

Endnotes to Curtius

S. P. Oakley

in Studies in the Transmission of Latin Texts: Volume I: Quintus Curtius Rufus and Dictys Cretensis

There are discussions of lost and unidentified MSS, the poem Armipotentis Alexandri, and interpolations from Justin.

Stammesgötter and Universal Gods: The Historical-Critical Approach

Michael D. Konaris

in The Greek Gods in Modern Scholarship: Interpretation and Belief in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Germany and Britain

The second chapter examines the theory that rather than being associated with specific elements of the natural world, the major Greek gods had originally been conceived as having universal powers and ... More

The second chapter examines the theory that rather than being associated with specific elements of the natural world, the major Greek gods had originally been conceived as having universal powers and that each was worshipped by a different Greek tribe. This theory had its roots in the work of K.O. Müller (1797–1840) and was further developed by H.D. Müller (1819–93) and E. Curtius (1814–96). The theory of universal gods provided the most important alternative to the physical interpretation of the Greek gods and the rivalry between them was a dominant theme in German scholarship from the 1820s to the 1890s.Less

From Thoiry to the Young Plan: Cautious Progress and the Death of Stresemann

Conan Fischer

in A Vision of Europe: Franco-German Relations during the Great Depression, 1929-1932

Franco-German relations developed across a set of frameworks, which ranged from diplomacy to the economy and cultural linkages. This chapter notes the development of influential economic pressure ... More

Franco-German relations developed across a set of frameworks, which ranged from diplomacy to the economy and cultural linkages. This chapter notes the development of influential economic pressure groups and a range of other initiatives, before examining a sustained, publicly funded effort to strengthen rapprochement on the cultural plane (the Grautoff initiative). The chapter then focuses on the international diplomacy surrounding the successful renegotiation during 1929 and 1930 of the reparations schedule at The Hague (the Young Plan), and agreement on an early Allied military evacuation of the Rhineland. The Hague conferences saw a marked deterioration in Franco-British relations as against improved Franco-German relations. The shock of Gustav Stresemann’s untimely death in October 1929 was mitigated as French leaders warmed to his successor as Foreign Minister, Julius Curtius, and the pursuit of Franco-German rapprochement appeared a credible option.Less