Hyun Ok Park
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231171922
- eISBN:
- 9780231540513
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231171922.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Chapter 5 interprets the involuntary recollections of the Chinese Cultural Revolution that arose among Korean Chinese while working in South Korea as a sign of the historical repetition of violence.
Chapter 5 interprets the involuntary recollections of the Chinese Cultural Revolution that arose among Korean Chinese while working in South Korea as a sign of the historical repetition of violence.
Tom Buchanan
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199570331
- eISBN:
- 9780191741425
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199570331.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History, British and Irish Modern History
After 1964 many on the left in Britain became disenchanted with China. However, a core of supporters (including the British ‘Maoists’) grouped around the new Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding ...
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After 1964 many on the left in Britain became disenchanted with China. However, a core of supporters (including the British ‘Maoists’) grouped around the new Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding (SACU). The central figures in SACU were the sinologist Joseph Needham and the economist Joan Robinson. The chapter charts the development of this organisation during the Cultural Revolution (when Anglo-Chinese relations were again in crisis) and also looks at the proliferation of small ‘Maoist’ movements on the left in Britain. In concludes with a discussion of the period 1970–76, culminating with the death of Mao Tse-tung, when improved diplomatic and cultural relations between Britain and China reduced the role of the solidarity movements.Less
After 1964 many on the left in Britain became disenchanted with China. However, a core of supporters (including the British ‘Maoists’) grouped around the new Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding (SACU). The central figures in SACU were the sinologist Joseph Needham and the economist Joan Robinson. The chapter charts the development of this organisation during the Cultural Revolution (when Anglo-Chinese relations were again in crisis) and also looks at the proliferation of small ‘Maoist’ movements on the left in Britain. In concludes with a discussion of the period 1970–76, culminating with the death of Mao Tse-tung, when improved diplomatic and cultural relations between Britain and China reduced the role of the solidarity movements.
Rachel Harris
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197262979
- eISBN:
- 9780191734717
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262979.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter examines the changes in Sibe folk music during modern times in China. It traces the brief history of musical reforms and the use of music in social reforms in Çabçal in the twentieth ...
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This chapter examines the changes in Sibe folk music during modern times in China. It traces the brief history of musical reforms and the use of music in social reforms in Çabçal in the twentieth century from the restrictions of the Cultural Revolution to the contemporary soundscape. The chapter considers Sibe shamanic ritual music on the national stage and the state of contemporary shamanic ritual in Çabçal. It argues that although a great deal of energy has been devoted to the reform and control of Sibe folk music in the twentieth century, wider issues of social change brought about by the Chinese Community Party (CCP) have played the decisive role in the changing patterns of musical behaviour and the impoverishment of Sibe folk music over the past few decades.Less
This chapter examines the changes in Sibe folk music during modern times in China. It traces the brief history of musical reforms and the use of music in social reforms in Çabçal in the twentieth century from the restrictions of the Cultural Revolution to the contemporary soundscape. The chapter considers Sibe shamanic ritual music on the national stage and the state of contemporary shamanic ritual in Çabçal. It argues that although a great deal of energy has been devoted to the reform and control of Sibe folk music in the twentieth century, wider issues of social change brought about by the Chinese Community Party (CCP) have played the decisive role in the changing patterns of musical behaviour and the impoverishment of Sibe folk music over the past few decades.
Christine Loh
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028948
- eISBN:
- 9789882207653
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028948.003.0019
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter explores the 1967 riots and the activities of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Hong Kong. It also shows that by the end of the riots, the CCP's apparatus in Hong Kong was almost ...
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This chapter explores the 1967 riots and the activities of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Hong Kong. It also shows that by the end of the riots, the CCP's apparatus in Hong Kong was almost completely destroyed with the Hong Kong community turning away from Marxism partially—Maoism totally. It starts by presenting the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Eight months of disturbances had caused anxiety, distress, inconvenience, and economic loss to the Hong Kong community. During 1967, there was a net decrease in total bank deposits amounting to HK$243 million. The succeeding five years after the riots was a time when political, social, and economic conditions in Hong Kong had to be re-evaluated and the riots strengthened the hand of those who called for reform, which included professionals in social, medical, and educational work. Additionally, the riots of 1967 made the Hong Kong community reflect upon their sense of identity. Furthermore, the impact of the Riots on the local CCP is illustrated. Finally, the resolution on CCP history is given.Less
This chapter explores the 1967 riots and the activities of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Hong Kong. It also shows that by the end of the riots, the CCP's apparatus in Hong Kong was almost completely destroyed with the Hong Kong community turning away from Marxism partially—Maoism totally. It starts by presenting the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Eight months of disturbances had caused anxiety, distress, inconvenience, and economic loss to the Hong Kong community. During 1967, there was a net decrease in total bank deposits amounting to HK$243 million. The succeeding five years after the riots was a time when political, social, and economic conditions in Hong Kong had to be re-evaluated and the riots strengthened the hand of those who called for reform, which included professionals in social, medical, and educational work. Additionally, the riots of 1967 made the Hong Kong community reflect upon their sense of identity. Furthermore, the impact of the Riots on the local CCP is illustrated. Finally, the resolution on CCP history is given.
Jeremy Friedman
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469623764
- eISBN:
- 9781469625188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469623764.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Russian and Former Soviet Union History
This chapter analyzes Soviet foreign policy in the late 1960s during the period of Chinese eclipse, the result of the Cultural Revolution, and its failure to reestablish a united revolutionary front ...
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This chapter analyzes Soviet foreign policy in the late 1960s during the period of Chinese eclipse, the result of the Cultural Revolution, and its failure to reestablish a united revolutionary front under its own leadership. This period presented Moscow with new challenges resulting from its success in meeting an older one. The Soviet leadership had succeeded in fending off China, but these events led to tragic results in Latin America, Vietnam, and the Middle East. The Soviet solution to this would be control. If the Soviet Union was going to promote both anti-imperialism and détente at the same time, it would need greater control over its allies. This would be achieved by the only means available to the Soviet leadership: through the twin mechanisms of party and ideology, that is the same means the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) used to maintain control.Less
This chapter analyzes Soviet foreign policy in the late 1960s during the period of Chinese eclipse, the result of the Cultural Revolution, and its failure to reestablish a united revolutionary front under its own leadership. This period presented Moscow with new challenges resulting from its success in meeting an older one. The Soviet leadership had succeeded in fending off China, but these events led to tragic results in Latin America, Vietnam, and the Middle East. The Soviet solution to this would be control. If the Soviet Union was going to promote both anti-imperialism and détente at the same time, it would need greater control over its allies. This would be achieved by the only means available to the Soviet leadership: through the twin mechanisms of party and ideology, that is the same means the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) used to maintain control.
Xuelin Zhou
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098497
- eISBN:
- 9789882207707
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098497.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Has China in the 1980s gone through a phase of “youth rebellion” comparable with that represented in films such as Rebel Without a Cause (1954), Look Back in Anger (1959), or Easy Rider (1969)? This ...
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Has China in the 1980s gone through a phase of “youth rebellion” comparable with that represented in films such as Rebel Without a Cause (1954), Look Back in Anger (1959), or Easy Rider (1969)? This study is an attempt to look for evidence in the “youth-rebellion” films produced over that period of time that may help to answer the question. In the last twenty years of the twentieth century, the People 's Republic of China underwent profound transformations, of which the changing situation of youth was particularly striking. In a society that has traditionally assumed respect for age, the prominence of youth and their new autonomy were conspicuous. A young generation born on the eve of and growing up during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) came to depart from the established social norms by the late 1980s and were considered “rebels,” standing in an antagonistic relationship with mainstream ideology. This book analyzes the construction of “youth culture” in 1980s China by examining young-rebel films in terms of three areas: products (rock ‘n’ roll music), belief (or lack of it) and mode of behaviour. The study also contextualizes these films by tracing the relationship between changes in politics and changes in film from the 1950s to the present, with particular reference to the altered portrayal of young adults in the 1980s.Less
Has China in the 1980s gone through a phase of “youth rebellion” comparable with that represented in films such as Rebel Without a Cause (1954), Look Back in Anger (1959), or Easy Rider (1969)? This study is an attempt to look for evidence in the “youth-rebellion” films produced over that period of time that may help to answer the question. In the last twenty years of the twentieth century, the People 's Republic of China underwent profound transformations, of which the changing situation of youth was particularly striking. In a society that has traditionally assumed respect for age, the prominence of youth and their new autonomy were conspicuous. A young generation born on the eve of and growing up during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) came to depart from the established social norms by the late 1980s and were considered “rebels,” standing in an antagonistic relationship with mainstream ideology. This book analyzes the construction of “youth culture” in 1980s China by examining young-rebel films in terms of three areas: products (rock ‘n’ roll music), belief (or lack of it) and mode of behaviour. The study also contextualizes these films by tracing the relationship between changes in politics and changes in film from the 1950s to the present, with particular reference to the altered portrayal of young adults in the 1980s.
Jenny Lin
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526132604
- eISBN:
- 9781526139047
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526132604.003.0002
- Subject:
- Art, Art History
Chapter One examines pastiche in the shopping mall and cultural heritage site Xintiandi, before discussing the site’s buried modern art histories marred by cross-cultural conflicts. Xintiandi ...
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Chapter One examines pastiche in the shopping mall and cultural heritage site Xintiandi, before discussing the site’s buried modern art histories marred by cross-cultural conflicts. Xintiandi physically surrounds China’s first communist meeting site of 1921, today memorialized as a museum. The complex was designed with reference to the vernacular homes of its formerly foreign occupied French Concession setting, and is officially celebrated for its “East-meets-West” and “Old-meets-New” architecture, even while the construction demolished most of the site’s existing homes and dislocated thousands of working class residents. This chapter analyzes how Xintiandi’s seemingly benign East-meets-West façades mask collusions between the Chinese Communist Party’s autocratic state power and capitalist development, while romanticizing Shanghai’s modern cosmopolitan legacy. The chapter analyzes examples of Xintiandi’s repressed cultural histories, including the revolutionary art and design experiments of Pang Xunqin, founder of the 1930s avant-garde collective, The Storm Society, leftist writings and art promoted by Lu Xun, and the major Cultural Revolution Era debate sparked by Michelangelo Antonioni’s 1972 documentary, Chung Kuo Cina. The chapter argues that the official admonishment of Shanghai-based cultural projects by Pang and Antonioni speak to collisions between Shanghai’s semi-colonial past, Maoist socialism, and Cultural Revolution Era totalitarianism that still resonate in Shanghai today.Less
Chapter One examines pastiche in the shopping mall and cultural heritage site Xintiandi, before discussing the site’s buried modern art histories marred by cross-cultural conflicts. Xintiandi physically surrounds China’s first communist meeting site of 1921, today memorialized as a museum. The complex was designed with reference to the vernacular homes of its formerly foreign occupied French Concession setting, and is officially celebrated for its “East-meets-West” and “Old-meets-New” architecture, even while the construction demolished most of the site’s existing homes and dislocated thousands of working class residents. This chapter analyzes how Xintiandi’s seemingly benign East-meets-West façades mask collusions between the Chinese Communist Party’s autocratic state power and capitalist development, while romanticizing Shanghai’s modern cosmopolitan legacy. The chapter analyzes examples of Xintiandi’s repressed cultural histories, including the revolutionary art and design experiments of Pang Xunqin, founder of the 1930s avant-garde collective, The Storm Society, leftist writings and art promoted by Lu Xun, and the major Cultural Revolution Era debate sparked by Michelangelo Antonioni’s 1972 documentary, Chung Kuo Cina. The chapter argues that the official admonishment of Shanghai-based cultural projects by Pang and Antonioni speak to collisions between Shanghai’s semi-colonial past, Maoist socialism, and Cultural Revolution Era totalitarianism that still resonate in Shanghai today.
John A. Lent and Xu Ying
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496811745
- eISBN:
- 9781496811783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496811745.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Comics Studies
When the Communists triumphed in 1949, they held congresses to discuss how to implement Mao’s thoughts on art, expressed at Yan’an seven years before―art was to be an ideological weapon to promote ...
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When the Communists triumphed in 1949, they held congresses to discuss how to implement Mao’s thoughts on art, expressed at Yan’an seven years before―art was to be an ideological weapon to promote Communist and nationalist causes, made accessible to and understandable for the masses.
For the first twenty-seven years after Liberation, cartoonists had to align themselves with the Party or government on the Korean War, the Maoist movement against writer/critic Hu Feng, and Mao’s “The Hundred Flowers,” anti-Rightists, and “Great Leap Forward” campaigns. Uncertainty and turmoil kept cartoonists cautious and insecure, futilely trying to abide by shifting policies on the relationship between art and politics.
These campaigns culminated in the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), which unleashed monstrous forces that seriously altered all aspects of China, especially artists and intellectuals. Rebel groups burned art, physically attacked artists, and destroyed their organizations. Many cartoonists were victims of these onslaughts; they were denied the right to draw, arrested, jailed, or sent to the countryside to do hard labor for very long periods. However, cartooning continued in various forms throughout this decade.Less
When the Communists triumphed in 1949, they held congresses to discuss how to implement Mao’s thoughts on art, expressed at Yan’an seven years before―art was to be an ideological weapon to promote Communist and nationalist causes, made accessible to and understandable for the masses.
For the first twenty-seven years after Liberation, cartoonists had to align themselves with the Party or government on the Korean War, the Maoist movement against writer/critic Hu Feng, and Mao’s “The Hundred Flowers,” anti-Rightists, and “Great Leap Forward” campaigns. Uncertainty and turmoil kept cartoonists cautious and insecure, futilely trying to abide by shifting policies on the relationship between art and politics.
These campaigns culminated in the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), which unleashed monstrous forces that seriously altered all aspects of China, especially artists and intellectuals. Rebel groups burned art, physically attacked artists, and destroyed their organizations. Many cartoonists were victims of these onslaughts; they were denied the right to draw, arrested, jailed, or sent to the countryside to do hard labor for very long periods. However, cartooning continued in various forms throughout this decade.
Elizabeth J. Perry and Nara Dillon
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520211032
- eISBN:
- 9780520935303
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520211032.003.0011
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter provides a clear picture of the worker rebels of Shanghai in the Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution was a period of extraordinary social turmoil. When Chairman Mao called upon ...
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This chapter provides a clear picture of the worker rebels of Shanghai in the Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution was a period of extraordinary social turmoil. When Chairman Mao called upon the masses to bombard the headquarters, they often did so with a remarkable vengeance. However, the most notable aspect of Shanghai's worker-rebel activism was not their violence, but their pursuit of political power. The workers were content to adopt the fraternal appellation of little brother. After the January Revolution of 1967, worker rebels at the instigation of Zhang Chunqiao and Wang Hongwen augmented their political influence through a variety of programs: worker representatives, workers' Mao Zedong thought-propaganda teams, workers' theory troops, workers' new cadres, and worker ambassadors. Having operated on the fringes of orthodox society for many years, Shanghai's worker rebels seized the opportunity presented by the Cultural Revolution to forge a new brotherhood based on a common quest for political inclusion. In addition, despite the overwhelmingly male composition of their leadership ranks, the workers did permit women to take charge of male subordinates.Less
This chapter provides a clear picture of the worker rebels of Shanghai in the Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution was a period of extraordinary social turmoil. When Chairman Mao called upon the masses to bombard the headquarters, they often did so with a remarkable vengeance. However, the most notable aspect of Shanghai's worker-rebel activism was not their violence, but their pursuit of political power. The workers were content to adopt the fraternal appellation of little brother. After the January Revolution of 1967, worker rebels at the instigation of Zhang Chunqiao and Wang Hongwen augmented their political influence through a variety of programs: worker representatives, workers' Mao Zedong thought-propaganda teams, workers' theory troops, workers' new cadres, and worker ambassadors. Having operated on the fringes of orthodox society for many years, Shanghai's worker rebels seized the opportunity presented by the Cultural Revolution to forge a new brotherhood based on a common quest for political inclusion. In addition, despite the overwhelmingly male composition of their leadership ranks, the workers did permit women to take charge of male subordinates.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804700757
- eISBN:
- 9780804769822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804700757.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter examines the work of filmmaker Jiang Wen, In the Heat of the Sun (1994), and expatriate writer Anchee Min, Red Azalea (1994). Both Jiang Wen and Anchee Min link sexual desire with the ...
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This chapter examines the work of filmmaker Jiang Wen, In the Heat of the Sun (1994), and expatriate writer Anchee Min, Red Azalea (1994). Both Jiang Wen and Anchee Min link sexual desire with the spirit of the revolution and apply a mystical approach that signals an underlying concept of transcendence. In the Heat of the Sun offers a novel interpretation of China's Cultural Revolution and rewrites the dominant narrative of trauma, violence, and dislocation. Red Azalea tackles an overarching mysticism that unites and expresses both revolutionary spirit and sexual desire while creating an imaginary spiritual Maoism out of and as resistance to political Maoism. It also describes the Cultural Revolution experience as profoundly, if secretly, sensual and erotic. Anchee Min associates sexual liberation with political progressiveness and argues that the defunct Chinese revolutionary state has lost its spirit, thus becoming hypocritical and essentially false.Less
This chapter examines the work of filmmaker Jiang Wen, In the Heat of the Sun (1994), and expatriate writer Anchee Min, Red Azalea (1994). Both Jiang Wen and Anchee Min link sexual desire with the spirit of the revolution and apply a mystical approach that signals an underlying concept of transcendence. In the Heat of the Sun offers a novel interpretation of China's Cultural Revolution and rewrites the dominant narrative of trauma, violence, and dislocation. Red Azalea tackles an overarching mysticism that unites and expresses both revolutionary spirit and sexual desire while creating an imaginary spiritual Maoism out of and as resistance to political Maoism. It also describes the Cultural Revolution experience as profoundly, if secretly, sensual and erotic. Anchee Min associates sexual liberation with political progressiveness and argues that the defunct Chinese revolutionary state has lost its spirit, thus becoming hypocritical and essentially false.
Emily Honig
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520211032
- eISBN:
- 9780520935303
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520211032.003.0010
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter explores some of the complexities of the articulation of gender identity during the Cultural Revolution by focusing on one particular issue: women's participation in the widespread ...
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This chapter explores some of the complexities of the articulation of gender identity during the Cultural Revolution by focusing on one particular issue: women's participation in the widespread violence that accompanied the Red Guard movement when the Cultural Revolution began in 1966. On the surface, Red Guard violence was gender blind; there was nothing gendered about either its perpetrators or victims, whose class identity and political affiliation were far more salient. However, personal accounts and memoirs of the Cultural Revolution reveal that its violence was in fact deeply gendered, sexualized, and enmeshed in contested notions of masculinity and femininity. This does not mean that violence was about gender, but rather that its practice and representations had clearly gendered dimensions. Women may have acted like men and engaged in the same forms of violence as men, but the meanings and implications of their experiences were profoundly different. Furthermore, the chapter explores the meanings people ascribed to female violence, and the role of that violence in the remapping of male and female identities in the Cultural Revolution.Less
This chapter explores some of the complexities of the articulation of gender identity during the Cultural Revolution by focusing on one particular issue: women's participation in the widespread violence that accompanied the Red Guard movement when the Cultural Revolution began in 1966. On the surface, Red Guard violence was gender blind; there was nothing gendered about either its perpetrators or victims, whose class identity and political affiliation were far more salient. However, personal accounts and memoirs of the Cultural Revolution reveal that its violence was in fact deeply gendered, sexualized, and enmeshed in contested notions of masculinity and femininity. This does not mean that violence was about gender, but rather that its practice and representations had clearly gendered dimensions. Women may have acted like men and engaged in the same forms of violence as men, but the meanings and implications of their experiences were profoundly different. Furthermore, the chapter explores the meanings people ascribed to female violence, and the role of that violence in the remapping of male and female identities in the Cultural Revolution.
Elizabeth J. Perry
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780520271890
- eISBN:
- 9780520954038
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520271890.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter provides a novel interpretation of the Cultural Revolution as a quasi-religious movement in which the Anyuan parable figured centrally, and it argues that this invested China's ...
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This chapter provides a novel interpretation of the Cultural Revolution as a quasi-religious movement in which the Anyuan parable figured centrally, and it argues that this invested China's revolutionary tradition with unusual emotional power.Less
This chapter provides a novel interpretation of the Cultural Revolution as a quasi-religious movement in which the Anyuan parable figured centrally, and it argues that this invested China's revolutionary tradition with unusual emotional power.
C. Y. Cyrus Chu and Ruoh‐Rong Yu
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199578092
- eISBN:
- 9780191722424
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199578092.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter provides some macro statistics and a review of historical events to help the reader understand the pace of social and economic development in Taiwan and China. In general, Taiwan had a ...
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This chapter provides some macro statistics and a review of historical events to help the reader understand the pace of social and economic development in Taiwan and China. In general, Taiwan had a relatively stable development path, from poor to rich and from traditional to modern. The Chinese society in Mainland China was more volatile, mainly due to upheavals of the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and the impact of the one‐child policy. It is explained when these events happened, how they affected the macro social background, and how micro family decisions were influenced.Less
This chapter provides some macro statistics and a review of historical events to help the reader understand the pace of social and economic development in Taiwan and China. In general, Taiwan had a relatively stable development path, from poor to rich and from traditional to modern. The Chinese society in Mainland China was more volatile, mainly due to upheavals of the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and the impact of the one‐child policy. It is explained when these events happened, how they affected the macro social background, and how micro family decisions were influenced.
Helen F. Siu (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099692
- eISBN:
- 9789882207189
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099692.003.0011
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter demonstrates the various mobility strategies of women in Guangdong during the Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution is characterized by the unusual power of the official rhetoric ...
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This chapter demonstrates the various mobility strategies of women in Guangdong during the Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution is characterized by the unusual power of the official rhetoric of revolution, which pushed capitalism to the extreme opposite side of the party line. The rhetoric surrounding the image of the steel maiden demanded conformity, but through the women's individual strategies of using this image, they found fulfillment in their own complicated lives.Less
This chapter demonstrates the various mobility strategies of women in Guangdong during the Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution is characterized by the unusual power of the official rhetoric of revolution, which pushed capitalism to the extreme opposite side of the party line. The rhetoric surrounding the image of the steel maiden demanded conformity, but through the women's individual strategies of using this image, they found fulfillment in their own complicated lives.
Michael Lumbers
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719077784
- eISBN:
- 9781781700808
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719077784.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This chapter addresses how the administration interpreted the outbreak of virtual civil war on the mainland, and examines why bridge-building was relegated to a state of limbo at this time. The ...
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This chapter addresses how the administration interpreted the outbreak of virtual civil war on the mainland, and examines why bridge-building was relegated to a state of limbo at this time. The Cultural Revolution stemmed from Mao Zedong's ‘restless quest for revolutionary purity in a postrevolutionary age’. Mao's fear of creeping revisionism at home was conditioned in large part by his reading of concurrent events in the Soviet Union. Recent studies have confirmed that the Cultural Revolution exercised significant influence on the conduct of Chinese foreign relations. Lyndon Baines Johnson and his advisers implicitly agreed with Zbigniew Brzezinski's diagnosis for peace in Vietnam, yet disagreed with his suggested remedy of a policy of ambiguity towards the People's Republic of China. The sole focus of Mao's Cultural Revolution was internal transformation. The Johnson team hoped that a combination of American military muscle and Soviet diplomatic pressure would prod Hanoi towards the conference table.Less
This chapter addresses how the administration interpreted the outbreak of virtual civil war on the mainland, and examines why bridge-building was relegated to a state of limbo at this time. The Cultural Revolution stemmed from Mao Zedong's ‘restless quest for revolutionary purity in a postrevolutionary age’. Mao's fear of creeping revisionism at home was conditioned in large part by his reading of concurrent events in the Soviet Union. Recent studies have confirmed that the Cultural Revolution exercised significant influence on the conduct of Chinese foreign relations. Lyndon Baines Johnson and his advisers implicitly agreed with Zbigniew Brzezinski's diagnosis for peace in Vietnam, yet disagreed with his suggested remedy of a policy of ambiguity towards the People's Republic of China. The sole focus of Mao's Cultural Revolution was internal transformation. The Johnson team hoped that a combination of American military muscle and Soviet diplomatic pressure would prod Hanoi towards the conference table.
Rosemary Foot
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292920
- eISBN:
- 9780191599286
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292929.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This is the last of four chapters focusing on America’s perceptions of China’s capabilities, and dwelling on the correspondence between those perceptions and the projected consequences. It focuses on ...
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This is the last of four chapters focusing on America’s perceptions of China’s capabilities, and dwelling on the correspondence between those perceptions and the projected consequences. It focuses on US perceptions of the political economy of China from the 1950s to 1978 and its perceived consequences for China’s capabilities both internally and as a political and economic model for other developing countries. Although the decline in Beijing’s hard and soft power resources did not follow a linear trajectory, the apparent overall weaknesses of its economy eased America’s fears about the Third World impact of its politico-economic model, and also reduced concerns that any contact between Washington and Beijing would raise the prestige of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to the point where its path to development would be revived as a serious source of inspiration in large parts of the developing world. The chapter dwells primarily on China’s perceived soft power attributes. The different sections look at domestic order and advancement in China in the 1950s, the Chinese model under stress from 1959 to 1965, the impact of the early Cultural Revolution in the second half of the 1960s, and restabilization and re-emergence in 1969–78.Less
This is the last of four chapters focusing on America’s perceptions of China’s capabilities, and dwelling on the correspondence between those perceptions and the projected consequences. It focuses on US perceptions of the political economy of China from the 1950s to 1978 and its perceived consequences for China’s capabilities both internally and as a political and economic model for other developing countries. Although the decline in Beijing’s hard and soft power resources did not follow a linear trajectory, the apparent overall weaknesses of its economy eased America’s fears about the Third World impact of its politico-economic model, and also reduced concerns that any contact between Washington and Beijing would raise the prestige of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to the point where its path to development would be revived as a serious source of inspiration in large parts of the developing world. The chapter dwells primarily on China’s perceived soft power attributes. The different sections look at domestic order and advancement in China in the 1950s, the Chinese model under stress from 1959 to 1965, the impact of the early Cultural Revolution in the second half of the 1960s, and restabilization and re-emergence in 1969–78.
Lisa Rofel
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520210783
- eISBN:
- 9780520919860
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520210783.003.0007
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter traces the contours of “politics of authority,” arguing that despite their wholehearted rejection of Maoism, workers whose class status and gender identity were initially formed during ...
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This chapter traces the contours of “politics of authority,” arguing that despite their wholehearted rejection of Maoism, workers whose class status and gender identity were initially formed during the Cultural Revolution even now reiterate certain fundamental elements of those politics through the way they perform at work. Their actions both call forth and challenge disciplinary measures by the state. The politics of authority, moreover, reflect a distinctive interpretation of power that distinguishes these workers as a cohort from either older women workers, who felt liberated by Liberation, or younger women, who entered the factory in the 1980s. These politics informed a specifically Maoist vision for reaching modernity that differed markedly from both the project of the early 1950s and the post-Mao imaginary.Less
This chapter traces the contours of “politics of authority,” arguing that despite their wholehearted rejection of Maoism, workers whose class status and gender identity were initially formed during the Cultural Revolution even now reiterate certain fundamental elements of those politics through the way they perform at work. Their actions both call forth and challenge disciplinary measures by the state. The politics of authority, moreover, reflect a distinctive interpretation of power that distinguishes these workers as a cohort from either older women workers, who felt liberated by Liberation, or younger women, who entered the factory in the 1980s. These politics informed a specifically Maoist vision for reaching modernity that differed markedly from both the project of the early 1950s and the post-Mao imaginary.
Stanley S.K. Kwan and Nicole Kwan
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099555
- eISBN:
- 9789882207530
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099555.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter discusses China's condition after the Japanese invasion, after the civil war between the Nationalists and Communists, and after the establishment of the People's Republic of China. In ...
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This chapter discusses China's condition after the Japanese invasion, after the civil war between the Nationalists and Communists, and after the establishment of the People's Republic of China. In this chapter, the account of the so-called emerging New China is told and narrated through the visit of Stanley Kwan to his native homeland. Embarking on a journey back to his homeland, Kwan saw a stark contrast between the People's Republic of China and the British colony of Hong Kong. While Hong Kong's economic conditions improved after the war, the so-called New China was in stagnation, frozen in time even after the efforts to revive the economic conditions of China. While China had began to forge friendships with other countries, particularly with the U.S. who was in good relations with the government of Taiwan (the ousted China's government), China had on a few occasions struggled to fight the diminished yet still proliferating Cultural Revolution. When the Cultural Revolution was finally contained, China began to pave its path as one of the leading manufacturing places in the world. With Britain's lease about to expire and with the increasing ties of Hong Kong to mainland China, many of the businesses in Hong Kong started to return to their mainland roots. Combining the economic development of China and the China-Britain initiated talks that would return Hong Kong to its motherland, several businesses moved to China. This posed a great problem for the Hang Seng Bank. With its affiliation with the Americans and British and with its “keep China at a distance” policy, Hang Seng was caught in a tug of war; between its relations with foreigners and with its need to forge relations with the now developing China. Despite an uneasy situation between Britain and China, Hang Seng celebrated its Golden Jubilee in 1983.Less
This chapter discusses China's condition after the Japanese invasion, after the civil war between the Nationalists and Communists, and after the establishment of the People's Republic of China. In this chapter, the account of the so-called emerging New China is told and narrated through the visit of Stanley Kwan to his native homeland. Embarking on a journey back to his homeland, Kwan saw a stark contrast between the People's Republic of China and the British colony of Hong Kong. While Hong Kong's economic conditions improved after the war, the so-called New China was in stagnation, frozen in time even after the efforts to revive the economic conditions of China. While China had began to forge friendships with other countries, particularly with the U.S. who was in good relations with the government of Taiwan (the ousted China's government), China had on a few occasions struggled to fight the diminished yet still proliferating Cultural Revolution. When the Cultural Revolution was finally contained, China began to pave its path as one of the leading manufacturing places in the world. With Britain's lease about to expire and with the increasing ties of Hong Kong to mainland China, many of the businesses in Hong Kong started to return to their mainland roots. Combining the economic development of China and the China-Britain initiated talks that would return Hong Kong to its motherland, several businesses moved to China. This posed a great problem for the Hang Seng Bank. With its affiliation with the Americans and British and with its “keep China at a distance” policy, Hang Seng was caught in a tug of war; between its relations with foreigners and with its need to forge relations with the now developing China. Despite an uneasy situation between Britain and China, Hang Seng celebrated its Golden Jubilee in 1983.
Gary Ka-wai Cheung
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622090897
- eISBN:
- 9789882207011
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622090897.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter begins by discussing a hunger strike, staged by a young man named So Sau-chung, for the purpose of encouraging the Star Ferry Concourse to withdraw its proposal to increase the fare of ...
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This chapter begins by discussing a hunger strike, staged by a young man named So Sau-chung, for the purpose of encouraging the Star Ferry Concourse to withdraw its proposal to increase the fare of the ferry service between Central and Tsim Sha Tsui. This was the first hunger strike in Hong Kong, where demonstrations rarely occurred before the early 1970s. Lo Kei and a few others joined the hunger strike. They did not expect that their actions would ignite a riot two days later. A local academic noted that between 1957 and 1966 there was little income redistribution in Hong Kong, and the newly created wealth was not dispersed throughout society but remained in the hands of factory owners. This chapter then examines the riots in Macau and the shock caused by the Cultural Revolution. Lastly, it evaluates the labour disputes prior to the 1967 riots.Less
This chapter begins by discussing a hunger strike, staged by a young man named So Sau-chung, for the purpose of encouraging the Star Ferry Concourse to withdraw its proposal to increase the fare of the ferry service between Central and Tsim Sha Tsui. This was the first hunger strike in Hong Kong, where demonstrations rarely occurred before the early 1970s. Lo Kei and a few others joined the hunger strike. They did not expect that their actions would ignite a riot two days later. A local academic noted that between 1957 and 1966 there was little income redistribution in Hong Kong, and the newly created wealth was not dispersed throughout society but remained in the hands of factory owners. This chapter then examines the riots in Macau and the shock caused by the Cultural Revolution. Lastly, it evaluates the labour disputes prior to the 1967 riots.
Holly Gayley
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231180528
- eISBN:
- 9780231542753
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231180528.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
Chapter 2 examines the hagiographic portrait of Tāre Lhamo as a local heroine during the years leading up to and including the Cultural Revolution. The representation of this period in her ...
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Chapter 2 examines the hagiographic portrait of Tāre Lhamo as a local heroine during the years leading up to and including the Cultural Revolution. The representation of this period in her hagiography, Spiraling Vine of Faith, elides the specter of state and her own personal losses and instead narrates the period through a series of miracle tales that portray Tāre Lhamo as a tantric heroine, addressing the immediate needs of her local community. In this way, I argue that Spiraling Vine of Faith constructs a redemptive narrative amid the devastation of the Maoist period and provides a poignant means for restoring a sense of Tibetan agency in the wake of cultural trauma.Less
Chapter 2 examines the hagiographic portrait of Tāre Lhamo as a local heroine during the years leading up to and including the Cultural Revolution. The representation of this period in her hagiography, Spiraling Vine of Faith, elides the specter of state and her own personal losses and instead narrates the period through a series of miracle tales that portray Tāre Lhamo as a tantric heroine, addressing the immediate needs of her local community. In this way, I argue that Spiraling Vine of Faith constructs a redemptive narrative amid the devastation of the Maoist period and provides a poignant means for restoring a sense of Tibetan agency in the wake of cultural trauma.
