Julian C. Knight
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199227693
- eISBN:
- 9780191711015
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199227693.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology
The extent of single nucleotide polymorphism is reviewed, together with insights gained into the nature of allelic architecture in terms of haplotypes, linkage disequilibrium and recombination. The ...
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The extent of single nucleotide polymorphism is reviewed, together with insights gained into the nature of allelic architecture in terms of haplotypes, linkage disequilibrium and recombination. The utility of SNPs in defining genetic determinants of common disease is discussed including the rationale, results and diverse applications of the International HapMap Project. The recent development and application of genome-wide association studies is reviewed including the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium study of seven common diseases. Issues relating to design, analysis and interpretation of such studies are described. A detailed review of age-related macular degeneration and inflammatory bowel disease is presented, two common multifactorial diseases where genome-wide association studies have recently enjoyed considerable success. Research in these diseases illustrates the timeline of different approaches used in defining genetic determinants of common disease and how such analyses can provide novel insights into disease pathogenesis.Less
The extent of single nucleotide polymorphism is reviewed, together with insights gained into the nature of allelic architecture in terms of haplotypes, linkage disequilibrium and recombination. The utility of SNPs in defining genetic determinants of common disease is discussed including the rationale, results and diverse applications of the International HapMap Project. The recent development and application of genome-wide association studies is reviewed including the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium study of seven common diseases. Issues relating to design, analysis and interpretation of such studies are described. A detailed review of age-related macular degeneration and inflammatory bowel disease is presented, two common multifactorial diseases where genome-wide association studies have recently enjoyed considerable success. Research in these diseases illustrates the timeline of different approaches used in defining genetic determinants of common disease and how such analyses can provide novel insights into disease pathogenesis.
Ralph Colp Jr. M.D.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813032313
- eISBN:
- 9780813039237
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813032313.003.0031
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
In 2007, two Chilean physicians, Fernando Orrego and Carlos Quintana, published an article criticizing all previous diagnoses of Charles Darwin's illness, including Chagas' disease. They argued that ...
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In 2007, two Chilean physicians, Fernando Orrego and Carlos Quintana, published an article criticizing all previous diagnoses of Charles Darwin's illness, including Chagas' disease. They argued that the illness was Crohn's disease. In their opinion, the diagnosis of Chagas' disease can be “easily discarded” because Darwin did not show the acute symptoms of early Chagas' nor its later chronic symptoms of myorcarditis, megaesophagus, and megacolon. It is thought that their discussion of Darwin's gastrointestinal symptoms gives a picture of Crohn's disease that is vague and inchoate, and it is also believed that they largely ignore the stresses on Darwin's health of his working on his controversial theory of natural selection. In contrast to the diagnosis of Crohn's disease, the diagnosis of Chagas' disease postulates that Darwin had an active infection of his stomach and intestine that became arrested after inflicting permanent injuries. As a result of these injuries, his sensitivity to becoming ill from various mental stresses, including stresses from his evolutionary ideas, was greatly increased.Less
In 2007, two Chilean physicians, Fernando Orrego and Carlos Quintana, published an article criticizing all previous diagnoses of Charles Darwin's illness, including Chagas' disease. They argued that the illness was Crohn's disease. In their opinion, the diagnosis of Chagas' disease can be “easily discarded” because Darwin did not show the acute symptoms of early Chagas' nor its later chronic symptoms of myorcarditis, megaesophagus, and megacolon. It is thought that their discussion of Darwin's gastrointestinal symptoms gives a picture of Crohn's disease that is vague and inchoate, and it is also believed that they largely ignore the stresses on Darwin's health of his working on his controversial theory of natural selection. In contrast to the diagnosis of Crohn's disease, the diagnosis of Chagas' disease postulates that Darwin had an active infection of his stomach and intestine that became arrested after inflicting permanent injuries. As a result of these injuries, his sensitivity to becoming ill from various mental stresses, including stresses from his evolutionary ideas, was greatly increased.
Thomas Marjot
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- June 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780198834373
- eISBN:
- 9780191933394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198834373.003.0007
- Subject:
- Clinical Medicine and Allied Health, Gastroenterology
This chapter covers core curriculum topics relating to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colonic disorders. A diagnostic approach to IBD is covered including the role of imaging, endoscopy, ...
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This chapter covers core curriculum topics relating to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colonic disorders. A diagnostic approach to IBD is covered including the role of imaging, endoscopy, histopathology and clinical features. Pathophysiology and epidemiology of IBD is detailed. Management of Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease includes assessment of disease severity, imaging modalities and therapeutic management. Particular focus is given to therapeutic drug monitoring and indications for biologic therapies. Surgical management of IBD is broadly covered including indications, timing and approach. Coverage is also given to the diagnosis and management of extra-intestinal manifestations of IBD, IBD in special situations (pregnancy, elderly, transition) and the prevention of cancer in IBD. Colorectal cancer and benign conditions including constipation, functional gut disorders and other colitides are also featured.Less
This chapter covers core curriculum topics relating to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colonic disorders. A diagnostic approach to IBD is covered including the role of imaging, endoscopy, histopathology and clinical features. Pathophysiology and epidemiology of IBD is detailed. Management of Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease includes assessment of disease severity, imaging modalities and therapeutic management. Particular focus is given to therapeutic drug monitoring and indications for biologic therapies. Surgical management of IBD is broadly covered including indications, timing and approach. Coverage is also given to the diagnosis and management of extra-intestinal manifestations of IBD, IBD in special situations (pregnancy, elderly, transition) and the prevention of cancer in IBD. Colorectal cancer and benign conditions including constipation, functional gut disorders and other colitides are also featured.
Dickson Despommier
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231161947
- eISBN:
- 9780231535267
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231161947.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This account of the biology, behavior, and history of parasites follows the interplay between these fascinating life forms and human society over thousands of years. The book focuses on long-term ...
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This account of the biology, behavior, and history of parasites follows the interplay between these fascinating life forms and human society over thousands of years. The book focuses on long-term host-parasite associations, which have evolved to avoid or even subvert the human immune system. Some parasites do great damage to their hosts, while others have signed a kind of “peace treaty” in exchange for their long lives within them. Many parasites also practice clever survival strategies that medical scientists hope to mimic as they search for treatments for Crohn's disease, food allergies, type 1 diabetes, organ transplantation, and other medical challenges. The text concentrates on particularly remarkable and often highly pathogenic organisms, describing their lifecycles and the mechanisms they use to avoid elimination. It details their attack and survival plans and the nature of the illnesses they cause in general terms, enabling readers of all backgrounds to steal a glimpse into the secret work of such effective invaders. The text also points to the cultural contexts in which these parasites thrive and reviews the current treatments available to defeat them.Less
This account of the biology, behavior, and history of parasites follows the interplay between these fascinating life forms and human society over thousands of years. The book focuses on long-term host-parasite associations, which have evolved to avoid or even subvert the human immune system. Some parasites do great damage to their hosts, while others have signed a kind of “peace treaty” in exchange for their long lives within them. Many parasites also practice clever survival strategies that medical scientists hope to mimic as they search for treatments for Crohn's disease, food allergies, type 1 diabetes, organ transplantation, and other medical challenges. The text concentrates on particularly remarkable and often highly pathogenic organisms, describing their lifecycles and the mechanisms they use to avoid elimination. It details their attack and survival plans and the nature of the illnesses they cause in general terms, enabling readers of all backgrounds to steal a glimpse into the secret work of such effective invaders. The text also points to the cultural contexts in which these parasites thrive and reviews the current treatments available to defeat them.
