R. Kevin Hill
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199285525
- eISBN:
- 9780191700354
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199285525.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This book gives a new interpretation of Nietzsche's philosophy and examines in detail his debt to Kant, in particular the Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical Reason, and Critique of ...
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This book gives a new interpretation of Nietzsche's philosophy and examines in detail his debt to Kant, in particular the Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical Reason, and Critique of Judgement. Nietzsche, it argues, knew Kant far better than is commonly thought, and can only be thoroughly understood in relation to Kant. Nietzsche's Critiques maintains that beneath the surface of his texts there is a systematic commitment to a form of early Neo-Kantianism in metaphysics and epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics, grounded in his reading of the three Critiques, Kuno Fischer's commentary on the first Critique, and Friedrich Lange's discussion of Kant in The History of Materialism. The book also documents the decisive influence Nietzsche's close reading of the Critique of Judgement had on the writing of the Birth of Tragedy, and offers a remarkably accessible interpretation of Kant's system, while clarifying such difficult issues as the interpretation of Kant's ‘Transcendental Deduction’ and his notion of reflective judgement.Less
This book gives a new interpretation of Nietzsche's philosophy and examines in detail his debt to Kant, in particular the Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical Reason, and Critique of Judgement. Nietzsche, it argues, knew Kant far better than is commonly thought, and can only be thoroughly understood in relation to Kant. Nietzsche's Critiques maintains that beneath the surface of his texts there is a systematic commitment to a form of early Neo-Kantianism in metaphysics and epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics, grounded in his reading of the three Critiques, Kuno Fischer's commentary on the first Critique, and Friedrich Lange's discussion of Kant in The History of Materialism. The book also documents the decisive influence Nietzsche's close reading of the Critique of Judgement had on the writing of the Birth of Tragedy, and offers a remarkably accessible interpretation of Kant's system, while clarifying such difficult issues as the interpretation of Kant's ‘Transcendental Deduction’ and his notion of reflective judgement.
Karl Ameriks
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199205349
- eISBN:
- 9780191709272
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199205349.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Immanuel Kant's work changed the course of modern philosophy; this book examines how. The book compares the philosophical system set out in Kant's Critiques with the work of the major philosophers ...
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Immanuel Kant's work changed the course of modern philosophy; this book examines how. The book compares the philosophical system set out in Kant's Critiques with the work of the major philosophers before and after him (Descartes, Berkeley, Hume, Reid, Jacobi, Reinhold, the early German Romantics, Hegel, Feuerbach, and Marx). A systematic introduction argues that complexities in the interpretation of Kant's system led to a new emphasis on history, subjectivity, and aesthetics. This emphasis defined a distinctive interpretive style of philosophizing that has become especially influential and fruitful once again in our own time. The individual chapters provide case studies in support of the thesis that late 18th-century reactions to Kant initiated an ‘historical turn’, after which historical and systematic considerations became joined in a way that fundamentally distinguishes philosophy from science and art, without falling back into mere historicism. In this way it is shown that philosophy's ‘historical turn’ is both similar to and unlike the turn to history undertaken by most other disciplines in this era. Part One argues that close attention to the historical context of Kant's philosophy is crucial to avoiding frequent misunderstandings that have arisen in comparing Kant with other major modern philosophers. Part Two contends that it was mainly the writing of Kant's first major interpreter that led to special philosophical emphasis on history in other major post-Kantian thinkers. Part Three argues that Hegel's system and its influence on post-Hegelians were determined largely by variations on Reinhold's historical turn. Part Four engages with major contemporary philosophers who have combined a study of particular themes in Kant and German Idealism with an appreciation for phenomena closely associated with the general notion of an historical turn in philosophy.Less
Immanuel Kant's work changed the course of modern philosophy; this book examines how. The book compares the philosophical system set out in Kant's Critiques with the work of the major philosophers before and after him (Descartes, Berkeley, Hume, Reid, Jacobi, Reinhold, the early German Romantics, Hegel, Feuerbach, and Marx). A systematic introduction argues that complexities in the interpretation of Kant's system led to a new emphasis on history, subjectivity, and aesthetics. This emphasis defined a distinctive interpretive style of philosophizing that has become especially influential and fruitful once again in our own time. The individual chapters provide case studies in support of the thesis that late 18th-century reactions to Kant initiated an ‘historical turn’, after which historical and systematic considerations became joined in a way that fundamentally distinguishes philosophy from science and art, without falling back into mere historicism. In this way it is shown that philosophy's ‘historical turn’ is both similar to and unlike the turn to history undertaken by most other disciplines in this era. Part One argues that close attention to the historical context of Kant's philosophy is crucial to avoiding frequent misunderstandings that have arisen in comparing Kant with other major modern philosophers. Part Two contends that it was mainly the writing of Kant's first major interpreter that led to special philosophical emphasis on history in other major post-Kantian thinkers. Part Three argues that Hegel's system and its influence on post-Hegelians were determined largely by variations on Reinhold's historical turn. Part Four engages with major contemporary philosophers who have combined a study of particular themes in Kant and German Idealism with an appreciation for phenomena closely associated with the general notion of an historical turn in philosophy.
Gabriela Basterra
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780823265145
- eISBN:
- 9780823266883
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823265145.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
How does reason create objects of knowledge and ideas that imagine a relationship with the objective world? In the Critique of Pure Reason Kant attributes this role to the synthetic activity of the ...
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How does reason create objects of knowledge and ideas that imagine a relationship with the objective world? In the Critique of Pure Reason Kant attributes this role to the synthetic activity of the imagination and the understanding, whereas reason produces ideas of things that cannot be experienced, only thought. This chapter explores reason's attempt to create the idea of the world, an object unavailable to experience, precisely where it fails: in the mathematical antinomy. Through a study of the productivity of negation inspired in David-Ménard's La folie dans la raison pure, it examines reason's failure to form all-encompassing, self-contained totalities. There is only one type of negative idea Kant considers legitimate, negative noumenon. By opening an empty space beyond experience, negative noumena bound the realm of objectivity and provide thinking with a sense of completion. The most productive instance of these boundary concepts is freedom.Less
How does reason create objects of knowledge and ideas that imagine a relationship with the objective world? In the Critique of Pure Reason Kant attributes this role to the synthetic activity of the imagination and the understanding, whereas reason produces ideas of things that cannot be experienced, only thought. This chapter explores reason's attempt to create the idea of the world, an object unavailable to experience, precisely where it fails: in the mathematical antinomy. Through a study of the productivity of negation inspired in David-Ménard's La folie dans la raison pure, it examines reason's failure to form all-encompassing, self-contained totalities. There is only one type of negative idea Kant considers legitimate, negative noumenon. By opening an empty space beyond experience, negative noumena bound the realm of objectivity and provide thinking with a sense of completion. The most productive instance of these boundary concepts is freedom.
William F. Bristow
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199290642
- eISBN:
- 9780191710421
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199290642.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This book presents a study of Hegel's hugely influential but notoriously difficult Phenomenology of Spirit. Hegel describes the method of this work as a ‘way of despair’, meaning that the reader who ...
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This book presents a study of Hegel's hugely influential but notoriously difficult Phenomenology of Spirit. Hegel describes the method of this work as a ‘way of despair’, meaning that the reader who undertakes its inquiry must be open to the experience of self-loss through it. Whereas the existential dimension of Hegel's work has often been either ignored or regarded as romantic ornamentation, this book argues that it belongs centrally to Hegel's attempt to fulfil a demanding epistemological ambition. With his Critique of Pure Reason, Kant expressed a new epistemological demand with respect to rational knowledge and presented a new method for meeting this demand. This book reconstructs Hegel's objection to Kant's Critical Philosophy, according to which Kant's way of meeting the epistemological demand of philosophical critique presupposes subjectivism, that is, presupposes the restriction of our knowledge to things as they are merely for us. Whereas Hegel in his early Jena writings rejects Kant's critical project altogether on this basis, he comes to see that the epistemological demand expressed in Kant's project must be met. This book argues that Hegel's method in the Phenomenology of Spirit takes shape as his attempt to meet the epistemological demand of Kantian critique without presupposing subjectivism. The key to Hegel's transformation of Kant's critical procedure, by virtue of which subjectivism is to be avoided, is precisely the existential or self-transformational dimension of Hegel's criticism, the openness of the criticizing subject to being transformed through the epistemological procedure.Less
This book presents a study of Hegel's hugely influential but notoriously difficult Phenomenology of Spirit. Hegel describes the method of this work as a ‘way of despair’, meaning that the reader who undertakes its inquiry must be open to the experience of self-loss through it. Whereas the existential dimension of Hegel's work has often been either ignored or regarded as romantic ornamentation, this book argues that it belongs centrally to Hegel's attempt to fulfil a demanding epistemological ambition. With his Critique of Pure Reason, Kant expressed a new epistemological demand with respect to rational knowledge and presented a new method for meeting this demand. This book reconstructs Hegel's objection to Kant's Critical Philosophy, according to which Kant's way of meeting the epistemological demand of philosophical critique presupposes subjectivism, that is, presupposes the restriction of our knowledge to things as they are merely for us. Whereas Hegel in his early Jena writings rejects Kant's critical project altogether on this basis, he comes to see that the epistemological demand expressed in Kant's project must be met. This book argues that Hegel's method in the Phenomenology of Spirit takes shape as his attempt to meet the epistemological demand of Kantian critique without presupposing subjectivism. The key to Hegel's transformation of Kant's critical procedure, by virtue of which subjectivism is to be avoided, is precisely the existential or self-transformational dimension of Hegel's criticism, the openness of the criticizing subject to being transformed through the epistemological procedure.
Karl Ameriks
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199205349
- eISBN:
- 9780191709272
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199205349.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This chapter combines an analysis of the structure of Kant's critique of earlier metaphysics with a historical account of how this critique could have had as its fate the remarkable rise of a new ...
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This chapter combines an analysis of the structure of Kant's critique of earlier metaphysics with a historical account of how this critique could have had as its fate the remarkable rise of a new kind of metaphysics in the era of German Idealism. It begins with the general observation that the Dialectic of the Critique of Pure Reason does not attempt, let alone accomplish, the kind of complete destruction of metaphysics that many of its readers have supposed. Many traditional transcendent metaphysical ideas are allowed to be not only coherent but also assertable, once the demands of regulative and practical reason are allowed to supplement the thoughts of constitutive theoretical reason. Moreover, the Critique's stress on notions such as idealism, things in themselves, and the ‘unconditioned’ created (as William Hamilton noted) a ‘spectre’ that ‘haunted’ and stimulated German Idealism's new metaphysics of the ‘absolute’. Although Kant offers a radical critique of all earlier systems of a spiritualist or materialist kind, he also believes that something metaphysical should be affirmed beyond the spatiotemporal features of our experience. It is argued that for both Kant and German Idealism, this metaphysics is at least not any kind of subjectivism, and it need not present a special threat to most of our common realist beliefs.Less
This chapter combines an analysis of the structure of Kant's critique of earlier metaphysics with a historical account of how this critique could have had as its fate the remarkable rise of a new kind of metaphysics in the era of German Idealism. It begins with the general observation that the Dialectic of the Critique of Pure Reason does not attempt, let alone accomplish, the kind of complete destruction of metaphysics that many of its readers have supposed. Many traditional transcendent metaphysical ideas are allowed to be not only coherent but also assertable, once the demands of regulative and practical reason are allowed to supplement the thoughts of constitutive theoretical reason. Moreover, the Critique's stress on notions such as idealism, things in themselves, and the ‘unconditioned’ created (as William Hamilton noted) a ‘spectre’ that ‘haunted’ and stimulated German Idealism's new metaphysics of the ‘absolute’. Although Kant offers a radical critique of all earlier systems of a spiritualist or materialist kind, he also believes that something metaphysical should be affirmed beyond the spatiotemporal features of our experience. It is argued that for both Kant and German Idealism, this metaphysics is at least not any kind of subjectivism, and it need not present a special threat to most of our common realist beliefs.
Christian Kerslake
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748635900
- eISBN:
- 9780748671823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748635900.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter explains the decisive points of Immanuel Kant's theory of cognition in the light of Gilles Deleuze's interpretation. In the Critique of Pure Reason, the logic/reality distinction ...
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This chapter explains the decisive points of Immanuel Kant's theory of cognition in the light of Gilles Deleuze's interpretation. In the Critique of Pure Reason, the logic/reality distinction undergoes a further diversification, starting from the moves made in the ‘Dissertation’. It is shown that Kant's distinction relies on getting right the parallel distinction between the rights and limits of the understanding and sensibility. He highlights the application of concepts, while suppressing the formation of concepts in the Critique of Pure Reason. The Ideas should not immediately be seen as responding to the ‘law of reason to seek unity’. Kant's tendency to push issues of metacritique on to teleology leads in a startling dénouement in Deleuze's philosophy. Deleuze places himself in the same metaphysical zones that Kant ultimately occupies; but Deleuze's return to Leibnizian and Spinozist issues is ultimately more consistent than Kant's actual resolution of the problems presented.Less
This chapter explains the decisive points of Immanuel Kant's theory of cognition in the light of Gilles Deleuze's interpretation. In the Critique of Pure Reason, the logic/reality distinction undergoes a further diversification, starting from the moves made in the ‘Dissertation’. It is shown that Kant's distinction relies on getting right the parallel distinction between the rights and limits of the understanding and sensibility. He highlights the application of concepts, while suppressing the formation of concepts in the Critique of Pure Reason. The Ideas should not immediately be seen as responding to the ‘law of reason to seek unity’. Kant's tendency to push issues of metacritique on to teleology leads in a startling dénouement in Deleuze's philosophy. Deleuze places himself in the same metaphysical zones that Kant ultimately occupies; but Deleuze's return to Leibnizian and Spinozist issues is ultimately more consistent than Kant's actual resolution of the problems presented.
Paul Crowther
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199579976
- eISBN:
- 9780191722615
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579976.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics, History of Philosophy
This chapter addresses and revises a foundational feature of Kant's epistemology, namely the Transcendental Deduction. It shows how Kant's argument attempts to prove that the objective unification of ...
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This chapter addresses and revises a foundational feature of Kant's epistemology, namely the Transcendental Deduction. It shows how Kant's argument attempts to prove that the objective unification of a sensible manifold (achieved through the categories) and the objective unity of self-consciousness (or, as Kant sometimes terms it, the ‘pure’ or ‘original unity’ of ‘apperception’) are reciprocally dependent. One cannot have the one without the other. Kant's arguments on these lines (in the revised ‘B’-version of the Critique of Pure Reason) are analyzed critically. His basic position is then reconstructed in a more viable form. This involves three stages that make use of ideas from Gareth Evans and Shaun Gallagher. Special attention is paid to the role of the categories and productive imagination in the ontogenesis of experience.Less
This chapter addresses and revises a foundational feature of Kant's epistemology, namely the Transcendental Deduction. It shows how Kant's argument attempts to prove that the objective unification of a sensible manifold (achieved through the categories) and the objective unity of self-consciousness (or, as Kant sometimes terms it, the ‘pure’ or ‘original unity’ of ‘apperception’) are reciprocally dependent. One cannot have the one without the other. Kant's arguments on these lines (in the revised ‘B’-version of the Critique of Pure Reason) are analyzed critically. His basic position is then reconstructed in a more viable form. This involves three stages that make use of ideas from Gareth Evans and Shaun Gallagher. Special attention is paid to the role of the categories and productive imagination in the ontogenesis of experience.
Jay F. Rosenberg
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199275816
- eISBN:
- 9780191699849
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275816.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This book focuses on Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. The work of a great historical figure like Kant can be approached in two quite different ways—one fairly austere and the other ...
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This book focuses on Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. The work of a great historical figure like Kant can be approached in two quite different ways—one fairly austere and the other comparatively relaxed. First approach is called the Apollonian which is marked by an especially close reading of the text, philological attention to nuances of interpretation, a careful tracing of intellectual influences, and a continuous awareness of the border historical, cultural, and socio-political setting within which the work developed and emerged. And the second approach is the Dionysian, which in contrast, aims at depicting what we might call ‘The Living Kant’, a practicing philosopher who is much smarter than most of us and consequently capable of teaching us a great number of interesting things. This is a whole book about Kant's Critique of Pure Reason written from a largely Dionysian perspective.Less
This book focuses on Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. The work of a great historical figure like Kant can be approached in two quite different ways—one fairly austere and the other comparatively relaxed. First approach is called the Apollonian which is marked by an especially close reading of the text, philological attention to nuances of interpretation, a careful tracing of intellectual influences, and a continuous awareness of the border historical, cultural, and socio-political setting within which the work developed and emerged. And the second approach is the Dionysian, which in contrast, aims at depicting what we might call ‘The Living Kant’, a practicing philosopher who is much smarter than most of us and consequently capable of teaching us a great number of interesting things. This is a whole book about Kant's Critique of Pure Reason written from a largely Dionysian perspective.
Karl Ameriks
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199205349
- eISBN:
- 9780191709272
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199205349.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This chapter explains how Reinhold's Letters took the form of a ‘short’ Critique, which immediately after its publication was much more influential than the complex details of Kant's lengthy ...
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This chapter explains how Reinhold's Letters took the form of a ‘short’ Critique, which immediately after its publication was much more influential than the complex details of Kant's lengthy original. In the Letters, Reinhold simplified matters hugely by not venturing at all into the complexities of the Transcendental Aesthetic and Transcendental Analytic. He jumped ahead to the moral and historical implications of the end of the Dialectic, arguing that Kant's espousal of a Critical and moral form of rational religion was the ideal solution to the battles between supernaturalism and naturalism that were raging in Germany after Jacobi had ignited the Pantheism Dispute. Admitting that he was not yet tracing Kant's notion of pure practical reason and rational religion back to its ‘grounds’ in the first Critique, Reinhold satisfied himself and his audience with the claim that the ‘results’ of the Critique met the fundamental ‘need’ of the time (fully to satisfy popular Enlightenment morality through a hope in a ‘highest good’ warranted by rational religion) — just as Jesus had satisfied the ‘common sense’ of his time by turning dogmatic religion into rational morality.Less
This chapter explains how Reinhold's Letters took the form of a ‘short’ Critique, which immediately after its publication was much more influential than the complex details of Kant's lengthy original. In the Letters, Reinhold simplified matters hugely by not venturing at all into the complexities of the Transcendental Aesthetic and Transcendental Analytic. He jumped ahead to the moral and historical implications of the end of the Dialectic, arguing that Kant's espousal of a Critical and moral form of rational religion was the ideal solution to the battles between supernaturalism and naturalism that were raging in Germany after Jacobi had ignited the Pantheism Dispute. Admitting that he was not yet tracing Kant's notion of pure practical reason and rational religion back to its ‘grounds’ in the first Critique, Reinhold satisfied himself and his audience with the claim that the ‘results’ of the Critique met the fundamental ‘need’ of the time (fully to satisfy popular Enlightenment morality through a hope in a ‘highest good’ warranted by rational religion) — just as Jesus had satisfied the ‘common sense’ of his time by turning dogmatic religion into rational morality.
Jacqueline Mariña
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199206377
- eISBN:
- 9780191709753
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206377.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter continues the analysis of Spinozism. It focuses on Schleiermacher's long discussion of personal identity, which is extremely significant for Schleiermacher's later understanding of ...
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This chapter continues the analysis of Spinozism. It focuses on Schleiermacher's long discussion of personal identity, which is extremely significant for Schleiermacher's later understanding of reflective self-consciousness. In it Schleiermacher reveals himself to be intimately acquainted with both Kant's transcendental deduction as well as Kant's chapter on the Paralogisms in the Critique of Pure Reason. Schleiermacher argues, in agreement with Kant, that we have no access to a substantial noumenal self. Rather, identity of the subject is cognizable only in and through the synthesis of the manifold of intuition. The only reflective access we have to self is through the products of its transcendental activity; the transcendental activity itself, however, cannot become an object for consciousness but is only given in immediacy. The philosophical position Schleiermacher develops here is key to gaining an understanding of the position he develops in the Monologen.Less
This chapter continues the analysis of Spinozism. It focuses on Schleiermacher's long discussion of personal identity, which is extremely significant for Schleiermacher's later understanding of reflective self-consciousness. In it Schleiermacher reveals himself to be intimately acquainted with both Kant's transcendental deduction as well as Kant's chapter on the Paralogisms in the Critique of Pure Reason. Schleiermacher argues, in agreement with Kant, that we have no access to a substantial noumenal self. Rather, identity of the subject is cognizable only in and through the synthesis of the manifold of intuition. The only reflective access we have to self is through the products of its transcendental activity; the transcendental activity itself, however, cannot become an object for consciousness but is only given in immediacy. The philosophical position Schleiermacher develops here is key to gaining an understanding of the position he develops in the Monologen.
Karl Ameriks
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199205349
- eISBN:
- 9780191709272
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199205349.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This chapter offers a general introductory argument for maintaining an authentically historical perspective on the main issues arising from the key texts of modern philosophy, and for approaching ...
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This chapter offers a general introductory argument for maintaining an authentically historical perspective on the main issues arising from the key texts of modern philosophy, and for approaching even the briefest subsections of these texts with sensitivity to their full historical context. Without denying the need for developing some kind of corrective to the overly historical approaches that still dominate continental philosophy, it is argued that it is important to counter stereotypical views of Anglophone philosophy and to try to explain why, after decades of neglect, historical considerations have also become central components in the writing of many leading late-20th-century analytic philosophers.Less
This chapter offers a general introductory argument for maintaining an authentically historical perspective on the main issues arising from the key texts of modern philosophy, and for approaching even the briefest subsections of these texts with sensitivity to their full historical context. Without denying the need for developing some kind of corrective to the overly historical approaches that still dominate continental philosophy, it is argued that it is important to counter stereotypical views of Anglophone philosophy and to try to explain why, after decades of neglect, historical considerations have also become central components in the writing of many leading late-20th-century analytic philosophers.
John Kaag
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780823254934
- eISBN:
- 9780823261031
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823254934.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
In the history of Western philosophy, Immanuel Kant is one of the first modern thinkers to take the imagination seriously. This chapter outlines Kant's development of the concept in the Critique of ...
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In the history of Western philosophy, Immanuel Kant is one of the first modern thinkers to take the imagination seriously. This chapter outlines Kant's development of the concept in the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Aesthetic judgment. Kaag highlights the difference between the two treatments of the imagination (in its reproductive, productive and creative capacities). In line with many Kant scholars, Kaag suggests that many of the conclusions presented in the third Critique address questions about human knowing and human feeling expressed in the first and second Critiques. In his analysis of Kant, Kaag focuses on the way that aesthetic common sense and genius are developed in the Critique of Aesthetic judgment, paying particular attention to Kant's claim that genius is an ingenium (a gift of nature). Here, Kant is suggesting a point of continuity between human culture and nature, a point that will be vitally important to post-Kantian philosophers, especially C.S. Peirce.Less
In the history of Western philosophy, Immanuel Kant is one of the first modern thinkers to take the imagination seriously. This chapter outlines Kant's development of the concept in the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Aesthetic judgment. Kaag highlights the difference between the two treatments of the imagination (in its reproductive, productive and creative capacities). In line with many Kant scholars, Kaag suggests that many of the conclusions presented in the third Critique address questions about human knowing and human feeling expressed in the first and second Critiques. In his analysis of Kant, Kaag focuses on the way that aesthetic common sense and genius are developed in the Critique of Aesthetic judgment, paying particular attention to Kant's claim that genius is an ingenium (a gift of nature). Here, Kant is suggesting a point of continuity between human culture and nature, a point that will be vitally important to post-Kantian philosophers, especially C.S. Peirce.
Paul Abela
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199242740
- eISBN:
- 9780191697173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199242740.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
The final step in consolidating the realist reading requires a discussion of the other relevant lesson of the Dialectic: the ontological significance that flows from the transcendental regulative ...
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The final step in consolidating the realist reading requires a discussion of the other relevant lesson of the Dialectic: the ontological significance that flows from the transcendental regulative principle of the idea of the systematicity of nature. Principle 4 claims that the intrinsic relations of the phenomenal world can transcend one's experience of them. Clearly, an assessment of the regulative principle of systematicity has a direct bearing on the ontological significance of this principle. In both the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Judgement, Immanuel Kant insists that one's ability to unify diverse phenomena under particular causal laws, and to deploy hierarchical systems of laws, depends on the empirical employment of the transcendental principle. This transcendental principle instructs one to treat nature as a systematically structured whole. The general thrust of the methodological reading poses a serious an obstacle to a unified realist interpretation of empirical realism as did the assertion-condition approach to truth.Less
The final step in consolidating the realist reading requires a discussion of the other relevant lesson of the Dialectic: the ontological significance that flows from the transcendental regulative principle of the idea of the systematicity of nature. Principle 4 claims that the intrinsic relations of the phenomenal world can transcend one's experience of them. Clearly, an assessment of the regulative principle of systematicity has a direct bearing on the ontological significance of this principle. In both the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Judgement, Immanuel Kant insists that one's ability to unify diverse phenomena under particular causal laws, and to deploy hierarchical systems of laws, depends on the empirical employment of the transcendental principle. This transcendental principle instructs one to treat nature as a systematically structured whole. The general thrust of the methodological reading poses a serious an obstacle to a unified realist interpretation of empirical realism as did the assertion-condition approach to truth.
Daniel W. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748624799
- eISBN:
- 9780748652396
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748624799.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter examines the relation between Gilles Deleuze's theory of Ideas and the theme of immanence, particularly with regard to the theory of Ideas found in Immanuel Kant's three critiques. It ...
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This chapter examines the relation between Gilles Deleuze's theory of Ideas and the theme of immanence, particularly with regard to the theory of Ideas found in Immanuel Kant's three critiques. It argues that if the theory of Ideas can be seen as the thread that unites Kant's critical project, Deleuze's own differential and immanent theory of Ideas can similarly be seen as the ‘rhizome’ that gathers together the diverse strands of Deleuze's own philosophical project. It highlights the similarities between Deleuze's Difference and Repetition and Anti-Oedipus with Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of Practical Reason.Less
This chapter examines the relation between Gilles Deleuze's theory of Ideas and the theme of immanence, particularly with regard to the theory of Ideas found in Immanuel Kant's three critiques. It argues that if the theory of Ideas can be seen as the thread that unites Kant's critical project, Deleuze's own differential and immanent theory of Ideas can similarly be seen as the ‘rhizome’ that gathers together the diverse strands of Deleuze's own philosophical project. It highlights the similarities between Deleuze's Difference and Repetition and Anti-Oedipus with Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of Practical Reason.
Henry E. Allison
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199647033
- eISBN:
- 9780191741166
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199647033.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
The aim of this essay is to analyze the ninth section of Kant's chapter on the antinomies in the first Critique (Critique of Pure Reason). Inasmuch as Kant discusses the resolution of all four ...
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The aim of this essay is to analyze the ninth section of Kant's chapter on the antinomies in the first Critique (Critique of Pure Reason). Inasmuch as Kant discusses the resolution of all four antinomies it was necessary to discuss them all, but the emphasis is on the Third Antinomy, which deals with an apparent contradiction between freedom and causal determinism. The essay analyzes the various steps in Kant's resolution, with special attention to his insistence that the free will problem is “transcendental” rather than “psychological” and the connection between Kant's account of freedom and his conception of rational agency. It argues that Kant is best read as offering a conceptual thesis regarding what is built into the thought of rational agency rather than a metaphysical thesis regarding an inaccessible noumenal self.Less
The aim of this essay is to analyze the ninth section of Kant's chapter on the antinomies in the first Critique (Critique of Pure Reason). Inasmuch as Kant discusses the resolution of all four antinomies it was necessary to discuss them all, but the emphasis is on the Third Antinomy, which deals with an apparent contradiction between freedom and causal determinism. The essay analyzes the various steps in Kant's resolution, with special attention to his insistence that the free will problem is “transcendental” rather than “psychological” and the connection between Kant's account of freedom and his conception of rational agency. It argues that Kant is best read as offering a conceptual thesis regarding what is built into the thought of rational agency rather than a metaphysical thesis regarding an inaccessible noumenal self.
Paul Abela
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199242740
- eISBN:
- 9780191697173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199242740.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
The Analogies, as testified by the sheer volume of secondary literature produced since the original publication of the Critique of Pure Reasons, constitute the heart and soul of Immanuel Kant's ...
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The Analogies, as testified by the sheer volume of secondary literature produced since the original publication of the Critique of Pure Reasons, constitute the heart and soul of Immanuel Kant's account of representation. The Priority-of-Judgement approach leads to a stressing of the positive requirement of an objective, causally integrated empirical domain as a necessary condition for the possibility of determinate inner content. This chapter examines the central role Kant assigns to the Analogies as the basis for the discrimination of objects and events. By characterizing the central concern of the Analogies in terms of the conditions necessary for the original discrimination of the manifold of appearance, this chapter hopes to unmask and marginalize some of the all-too-common empiricist misinterpretations of Kant's analysis. Kant's account of error, and his dismissal of scepticism (the scandal of philosophy), are also addressed. The chapter concludes with a brief overview of the progress made thus far towards establishing the five principles of empirical realism introduced in Chapter 1.Less
The Analogies, as testified by the sheer volume of secondary literature produced since the original publication of the Critique of Pure Reasons, constitute the heart and soul of Immanuel Kant's account of representation. The Priority-of-Judgement approach leads to a stressing of the positive requirement of an objective, causally integrated empirical domain as a necessary condition for the possibility of determinate inner content. This chapter examines the central role Kant assigns to the Analogies as the basis for the discrimination of objects and events. By characterizing the central concern of the Analogies in terms of the conditions necessary for the original discrimination of the manifold of appearance, this chapter hopes to unmask and marginalize some of the all-too-common empiricist misinterpretations of Kant's analysis. Kant's account of error, and his dismissal of scepticism (the scandal of philosophy), are also addressed. The chapter concludes with a brief overview of the progress made thus far towards establishing the five principles of empirical realism introduced in Chapter 1.
Daniela Voss
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780748676255
- eISBN:
- 9780748689187
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748676255.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter takes up the theme of problematic Ideas as it is laid out in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of the Power of Judgment. It explores the way in which Ideas count as problems ...
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This chapter takes up the theme of problematic Ideas as it is laid out in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of the Power of Judgment. It explores the way in which Ideas count as problems ‘without solution’, and how they can animate our cognitive faculties to transcend their boundaries and elude determining judgements. In this context, Kant’s model of the experience of the sublime will play an important role. The chapter also examines how Deleuze develops Kant’s notion of Ideas into his own theory of Ideas, and analyzes the structure, internal operations, and the movement of actualisation of Deleuzian Ideas. In the elaboration of his ‘dialectics of Ideas’ Deleuze is inspired by the philosopher and mathematician Albert Lautman.Less
This chapter takes up the theme of problematic Ideas as it is laid out in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of the Power of Judgment. It explores the way in which Ideas count as problems ‘without solution’, and how they can animate our cognitive faculties to transcend their boundaries and elude determining judgements. In this context, Kant’s model of the experience of the sublime will play an important role. The chapter also examines how Deleuze develops Kant’s notion of Ideas into his own theory of Ideas, and analyzes the structure, internal operations, and the movement of actualisation of Deleuzian Ideas. In the elaboration of his ‘dialectics of Ideas’ Deleuze is inspired by the philosopher and mathematician Albert Lautman.
Graham Priest
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199263301
- eISBN:
- 9780191718823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199263301.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Logic/Philosophy of Mathematics
This chapter focuses on the aim of this book, namely, to argue for the existence of dialetheias, and to discuss their logic, epistemology, and some issues in their metaphysics. It provides an ...
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This chapter focuses on the aim of this book, namely, to argue for the existence of dialetheias, and to discuss their logic, epistemology, and some issues in their metaphysics. It provides an introduction to dialetheism, via a brief discussion of Kant and Hegel.Less
This chapter focuses on the aim of this book, namely, to argue for the existence of dialetheias, and to discuss their logic, epistemology, and some issues in their metaphysics. It provides an introduction to dialetheism, via a brief discussion of Kant and Hegel.
Julian Wuerth
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199587629
- eISBN:
- 9780191760907
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587629.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter analyzes Kant’s ontology of the soul, his related epistemology, and his rejection of rational psychology in his recorded thought from the 1781 Critique through the late 1790s. The ...
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This chapter analyzes Kant’s ontology of the soul, his related epistemology, and his rejection of rational psychology in his recorded thought from the 1781 Critique through the late 1790s. The chapter is organized as follows. The first section considers the immediate context for the Paralogism within the (1781 and 1787 editions of the) Critique. The second section examines the broader post-1780 context for the Paralogisms outside the Critique, focusing on Kant’s view that the soul is a substance. The third section considers Kant’s Paralogisms, while the fourth section concludes.Less
This chapter analyzes Kant’s ontology of the soul, his related epistemology, and his rejection of rational psychology in his recorded thought from the 1781 Critique through the late 1790s. The chapter is organized as follows. The first section considers the immediate context for the Paralogism within the (1781 and 1787 editions of the) Critique. The second section examines the broader post-1780 context for the Paralogisms outside the Critique, focusing on Kant’s view that the soul is a substance. The third section considers Kant’s Paralogisms, while the fourth section concludes.
Paul Abela
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199242740
- eISBN:
- 9780191697173
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199242740.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Immanuel Kant claims that transcendental idealism yields a form of realism at the empirical level. Polite silence might best describe the reception this assertion has garnered among even sympathetic ...
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Immanuel Kant claims that transcendental idealism yields a form of realism at the empirical level. Polite silence might best describe the reception this assertion has garnered among even sympathetic interpreters. This book challenges that prejudice, offering a controversial presentation and rehabilitation of Kant's empirical realism that places his realist credentials at the centre of the account of representation he offers in the Critique of Pure Reason. This interpretation ranges over the major themes contained in the Analytic of Principles and relevant portions of the Dialectic. Kant's analysis of the conditions necessary for determinate representation is shown to involve a realist understanding of the relation of mind and world. The realist character of Kant's account of empirical truth, and his commitment to the unity of nature, are defended against competing empiricist, pragmatist, and methodological readings. This title links Kant studies to contemporary philosophical debates, and will appeal to scholars and students of Kant, as well as epistemologists, metaphysicians, and philosophers of science interested in a powerful, experience-sensitive, form of realism.Less
Immanuel Kant claims that transcendental idealism yields a form of realism at the empirical level. Polite silence might best describe the reception this assertion has garnered among even sympathetic interpreters. This book challenges that prejudice, offering a controversial presentation and rehabilitation of Kant's empirical realism that places his realist credentials at the centre of the account of representation he offers in the Critique of Pure Reason. This interpretation ranges over the major themes contained in the Analytic of Principles and relevant portions of the Dialectic. Kant's analysis of the conditions necessary for determinate representation is shown to involve a realist understanding of the relation of mind and world. The realist character of Kant's account of empirical truth, and his commitment to the unity of nature, are defended against competing empiricist, pragmatist, and methodological readings. This title links Kant studies to contemporary philosophical debates, and will appeal to scholars and students of Kant, as well as epistemologists, metaphysicians, and philosophers of science interested in a powerful, experience-sensitive, form of realism.
