Katherine Irwin and Karen Umemoto
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520283022
- eISBN:
- 9780520958883
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520283022.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
Based on a nine years of ethnographic research, the authors examine multiple inequalities that underscore youth violence. They feature the experiences of inner city as well as rural girls and boys in ...
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Based on a nine years of ethnographic research, the authors examine multiple inequalities that underscore youth violence. They feature the experiences of inner city as well as rural girls and boys in Hawai‘i who face racism, sexism, poverty, and political neglect in the context of two hundred years of American colonial control in the Pacific. The authors highlight how legacies injustice endure as challenges in the present, prompting teens to fight for dignity and the chance to thrive in America – a nation that the youth described as inherently “jacked up” and “unjust.” While the story begins with the youth battling multiple contingencies, it ends on a hopeful note, as we see many of the teens overcome numerous hardships, often with the help of steadfast, caring adults.Less
Based on a nine years of ethnographic research, the authors examine multiple inequalities that underscore youth violence. They feature the experiences of inner city as well as rural girls and boys in Hawai‘i who face racism, sexism, poverty, and political neglect in the context of two hundred years of American colonial control in the Pacific. The authors highlight how legacies injustice endure as challenges in the present, prompting teens to fight for dignity and the chance to thrive in America – a nation that the youth described as inherently “jacked up” and “unjust.” While the story begins with the youth battling multiple contingencies, it ends on a hopeful note, as we see many of the teens overcome numerous hardships, often with the help of steadfast, caring adults.
Jerry Flores
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520284876
- eISBN:
- 9780520960541
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520284876.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
Caught Up follows the lives of 50 Latina girls in “El Valle” Juvenile Detention Center and “Legacy” community school located 40 miles outside of Los Angeles, CA. Their path through these two ...
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Caught Up follows the lives of 50 Latina girls in “El Valle” Juvenile Detention Center and “Legacy” community school located 40 miles outside of Los Angeles, CA. Their path through these two institutions reveals the accelerated fusion of California schools and institutions of confinement. For example, the connection between both of these sites is a concerted effort between Legacy Community School and El Valle administrators to provide young people with wraparound services. These well-intentioned services are designed to provide youth with support at home, at school and in the actual detention center. However, I argue that wraparound services more closely resemble a phenomenon that I call wraparound incarceration, where students cannot escape the surveillance of formal detention despite leaving the actual detention center. For young people in Legacy school, returning to El Valle became an unavoidable consequence of wraparound services.Less
Caught Up follows the lives of 50 Latina girls in “El Valle” Juvenile Detention Center and “Legacy” community school located 40 miles outside of Los Angeles, CA. Their path through these two institutions reveals the accelerated fusion of California schools and institutions of confinement. For example, the connection between both of these sites is a concerted effort between Legacy Community School and El Valle administrators to provide young people with wraparound services. These well-intentioned services are designed to provide youth with support at home, at school and in the actual detention center. However, I argue that wraparound services more closely resemble a phenomenon that I call wraparound incarceration, where students cannot escape the surveillance of formal detention despite leaving the actual detention center. For young people in Legacy school, returning to El Valle became an unavoidable consequence of wraparound services.
Rob White
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781529203950
- eISBN:
- 9781529204001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529203950.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the concept of Climate Change Criminology. Climate Change Criminology rests upon the four pillars of crime and harm; global connectedness and ...
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the concept of Climate Change Criminology. Climate Change Criminology rests upon the four pillars of crime and harm; global connectedness and ecological justice; causes and consequences; and power and interests. These are separate but inextricably linked domains of analysis, interpretation, and critique. Each area demands novel ways of thinking about the problem, employing methods and approaches that necessarily push the boundaries of contemporary criminological theory and the purview of modern criminal justice institutions. In several important respects, Climate Change Criminology parallels work which focuses on ‘social harm’ as a constitutive concept. What makes a social harm ‘social’ is the fact that it does not stem from natural causes; it is intrinsically caused by humans. Analysis and response to this is central to the project of Climate Change Criminology.Less
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the concept of Climate Change Criminology. Climate Change Criminology rests upon the four pillars of crime and harm; global connectedness and ecological justice; causes and consequences; and power and interests. These are separate but inextricably linked domains of analysis, interpretation, and critique. Each area demands novel ways of thinking about the problem, employing methods and approaches that necessarily push the boundaries of contemporary criminological theory and the purview of modern criminal justice institutions. In several important respects, Climate Change Criminology parallels work which focuses on ‘social harm’ as a constitutive concept. What makes a social harm ‘social’ is the fact that it does not stem from natural causes; it is intrinsically caused by humans. Analysis and response to this is central to the project of Climate Change Criminology.
Rob White
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781529203950
- eISBN:
- 9781529204001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529203950.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This chapter presents a variety of explanations and typologies relating to the crime–climate relationship. It is clear that there are many specific causes for particular kinds of crime, and that it ...
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This chapter presents a variety of explanations and typologies relating to the crime–climate relationship. It is clear that there are many specific causes for particular kinds of crime, and that it is the immediate variables, persons, and contexts that shape what occurs, why, where, and how. It is also apparent that temperature and climate changes do have an impact on human behaviour, and these are related to broader structural factors such as global warming. Moreover, government policy and market responses to climate change become important variables in the rise of new crimes and the movement of criminal networks and individuals into domains that hitherto did not exist. The carbon emissions credit market, for example, is precisely such a phenomenon. For Climate Change Criminology, it is imperative to keep developing sustained analyses of climate-related crimes.Less
This chapter presents a variety of explanations and typologies relating to the crime–climate relationship. It is clear that there are many specific causes for particular kinds of crime, and that it is the immediate variables, persons, and contexts that shape what occurs, why, where, and how. It is also apparent that temperature and climate changes do have an impact on human behaviour, and these are related to broader structural factors such as global warming. Moreover, government policy and market responses to climate change become important variables in the rise of new crimes and the movement of criminal networks and individuals into domains that hitherto did not exist. The carbon emissions credit market, for example, is precisely such a phenomenon. For Climate Change Criminology, it is imperative to keep developing sustained analyses of climate-related crimes.
Rob White
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781529203950
- eISBN:
- 9781529204001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529203950.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This concluding chapter summarises the main propositions and areas of concern for Climate Change Criminology. It also emphasises the role of criminologists as public intellectuals and political ...
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This concluding chapter summarises the main propositions and areas of concern for Climate Change Criminology. It also emphasises the role of criminologists as public intellectuals and political activists, and the necessity that there be stewards and guardians of the future. This translates into prioritising research, policy, and practice around climate change themes. For criminologists, this means that they need to go beyond parochial viewpoints and those perspectives that frame harm in terms of national or regional interests. Their loyalty has to be to the planet as a whole, rather than being bound by a narrow prescriptive patriotism based on nation. Ultimately, the endeavour of Climate Change Criminology should be to create the conditions for a future that is more forgiving and generous rather than exploitive of humans, environments, and animals.Less
This concluding chapter summarises the main propositions and areas of concern for Climate Change Criminology. It also emphasises the role of criminologists as public intellectuals and political activists, and the necessity that there be stewards and guardians of the future. This translates into prioritising research, policy, and practice around climate change themes. For criminologists, this means that they need to go beyond parochial viewpoints and those perspectives that frame harm in terms of national or regional interests. Their loyalty has to be to the planet as a whole, rather than being bound by a narrow prescriptive patriotism based on nation. Ultimately, the endeavour of Climate Change Criminology should be to create the conditions for a future that is more forgiving and generous rather than exploitive of humans, environments, and animals.
Katherine Irwin and Karen Umemoto
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520283022
- eISBN:
- 9780520958883
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520283022.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
The youth’s narratives can add depth to many literatures, and chapter one reviews some of the core assumptions within the fields of youth violence, critical youth studies, and punishment in the ...
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The youth’s narratives can add depth to many literatures, and chapter one reviews some of the core assumptions within the fields of youth violence, critical youth studies, and punishment in the juvenile justice system and schools. Chapter one also includes a brief review of the colonial history of Hawai‘i.Less
The youth’s narratives can add depth to many literatures, and chapter one reviews some of the core assumptions within the fields of youth violence, critical youth studies, and punishment in the juvenile justice system and schools. Chapter one also includes a brief review of the colonial history of Hawai‘i.
Eugene McLaughlin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199571826
- eISBN:
- 9780191728839
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571826.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology, Philosophy of Law
This chapter begins by detailing the theoretical, political, and research coordinates of a Critical Criminology that coalesced into an orthodox Marxist position in the course of the 1980s and 1990s. ...
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This chapter begins by detailing the theoretical, political, and research coordinates of a Critical Criminology that coalesced into an orthodox Marxist position in the course of the 1980s and 1990s. It then goes on to discuss the challenges now facing the field of Critical Criminology. It acknowledges from the outset that, globally, there are several critical criminological communities of identification and articulation and divergent thematic paths. To varying degrees they are antagonistic towards the conventional criminological complex. The chapter's primary geographical reference point is the UK as it is the geo-political context that has generated what is viewed to be the most forceful orthodox position.Less
This chapter begins by detailing the theoretical, political, and research coordinates of a Critical Criminology that coalesced into an orthodox Marxist position in the course of the 1980s and 1990s. It then goes on to discuss the challenges now facing the field of Critical Criminology. It acknowledges from the outset that, globally, there are several critical criminological communities of identification and articulation and divergent thematic paths. To varying degrees they are antagonistic towards the conventional criminological complex. The chapter's primary geographical reference point is the UK as it is the geo-political context that has generated what is viewed to be the most forceful orthodox position.
Malcolm Cowburn, Marian Duggan, Anne Robinson, and Paul Senior (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447300359
- eISBN:
- 9781447311706
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447300359.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
This edited book considers the values both implicit and explicit in criminology and criminal justice. Taking Becker’s influential article “Whose Side Are We On?” (1967) as a starting point, the book ...
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This edited book considers the values both implicit and explicit in criminology and criminal justice. Taking Becker’s influential article “Whose Side Are We On?” (1967) as a starting point, the book debates issues concerning sociological enquiry about deviancy and crime which, by its very nature, cannot ever be entirely neutral or objective: “We must always look at the matter from someone’s point of view. The scientist who proposes to understand society must, as Mead long ago pointed out, get into the situation enough to have a perspective on it…..We can never avoid taking sides.” Becker, 1967: 245). However, the ’sides’ that are taken in theorising and researching crime and in criminal justice practice are often inadequately acknowledged, frequently reflecting dominant thinking and discourses. This book arises from our perceptions that values and values-talk has been submerged by the instrumental demands of administrative criminology and managerial practices in both higher education and criminal justice system. The chapters open debate about crime, criminology and criminal justice from a broad spectrum of perspectives and, in so doing, poses key questions about policy, values and what is/what should be more valued.Less
This edited book considers the values both implicit and explicit in criminology and criminal justice. Taking Becker’s influential article “Whose Side Are We On?” (1967) as a starting point, the book debates issues concerning sociological enquiry about deviancy and crime which, by its very nature, cannot ever be entirely neutral or objective: “We must always look at the matter from someone’s point of view. The scientist who proposes to understand society must, as Mead long ago pointed out, get into the situation enough to have a perspective on it…..We can never avoid taking sides.” Becker, 1967: 245). However, the ’sides’ that are taken in theorising and researching crime and in criminal justice practice are often inadequately acknowledged, frequently reflecting dominant thinking and discourses. This book arises from our perceptions that values and values-talk has been submerged by the instrumental demands of administrative criminology and managerial practices in both higher education and criminal justice system. The chapters open debate about crime, criminology and criminal justice from a broad spectrum of perspectives and, in so doing, poses key questions about policy, values and what is/what should be more valued.
James Banks and David Moxon
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447300359
- eISBN:
- 9781447311706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447300359.003.0007
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
This chapter examines the values and the value of cultural criminology. It explores the characteristics and criticisms of the diverse range of perspectives, values and theoretical traditions held, ...
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This chapter examines the values and the value of cultural criminology. It explores the characteristics and criticisms of the diverse range of perspectives, values and theoretical traditions held, and which are maintained by cultural criminologists. Briefly tracing cultural criminology’s lineage, the chapter demonstrates how often the distinct and divergent elements of previous criminology are deployed in a contemporary context. The chapter argues that cultural criminology has yet to construct a unified vision that transcends its constituent theories nor has it sought to develop a contemporary understanding of the structural determinants of crime.Less
This chapter examines the values and the value of cultural criminology. It explores the characteristics and criticisms of the diverse range of perspectives, values and theoretical traditions held, and which are maintained by cultural criminologists. Briefly tracing cultural criminology’s lineage, the chapter demonstrates how often the distinct and divergent elements of previous criminology are deployed in a contemporary context. The chapter argues that cultural criminology has yet to construct a unified vision that transcends its constituent theories nor has it sought to develop a contemporary understanding of the structural determinants of crime.
Michele Pifferi
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198743217
- eISBN:
- 9780191803079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198743217.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
The chapter examines the causes of the formation of two different penological identities in Europe and the United States and their characteristics, focusing on the distinction between US pragmatism ...
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The chapter examines the causes of the formation of two different penological identities in Europe and the United States and their characteristics, focusing on the distinction between US pragmatism and European doctrinarism. It analyses the foundation of the International Union of Penal Law, the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, the International Prison and Penitentiary Congresses, and other congresses and publications to show how the peno-criminological reform movement was driven by a renewed interest in legal comparison. The chapter also investigates how penal reformers and criminologists such as Liszt, Saleilles, Cuche, Pound, Ferri, and other adherents to the Italian Positivist School made a different use of legal history to uphold and legitimize their new proposals.Less
The chapter examines the causes of the formation of two different penological identities in Europe and the United States and their characteristics, focusing on the distinction between US pragmatism and European doctrinarism. It analyses the foundation of the International Union of Penal Law, the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, the International Prison and Penitentiary Congresses, and other congresses and publications to show how the peno-criminological reform movement was driven by a renewed interest in legal comparison. The chapter also investigates how penal reformers and criminologists such as Liszt, Saleilles, Cuche, Pound, Ferri, and other adherents to the Italian Positivist School made a different use of legal history to uphold and legitimize their new proposals.
Minna Vuohelainen
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526124340
- eISBN:
- 9781526136206
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526124340.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This essay examines the adventures of Richard Marsh’s female detective and lip-reader Judith Lee (1911–16). The short-story series offers a powerful example of the cross-fertilisation of the genres ...
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This essay examines the adventures of Richard Marsh’s female detective and lip-reader Judith Lee (1911–16). The short-story series offers a powerful example of the cross-fertilisation of the genres of detective, Gothic, New-Woman and science fiction through Marsh’s ambivalent construction of his protagonist as a potentially progenerate being with seemingly supernatural communication skills. Lee is a liminal heroine who is simultaneously resistant to and complicit with the normalising taxonomies of gender, sexuality, ethnicity and class commonly associated with detective fiction. However, while the stories’ conformist position as scientifically minded crime fiction is complicated by their apparent tolerance of deviance, Lee’s expertise as a teacher of the deaf undermines counter-hegemonic readings because her profession aims to ‘cure’ a disability, deafness. Lee’s adventures show how popular fiction synthesised disparate discursive frameworks drawing on criminology, eugenics, science, communications technology and psychical research.Less
This essay examines the adventures of Richard Marsh’s female detective and lip-reader Judith Lee (1911–16). The short-story series offers a powerful example of the cross-fertilisation of the genres of detective, Gothic, New-Woman and science fiction through Marsh’s ambivalent construction of his protagonist as a potentially progenerate being with seemingly supernatural communication skills. Lee is a liminal heroine who is simultaneously resistant to and complicit with the normalising taxonomies of gender, sexuality, ethnicity and class commonly associated with detective fiction. However, while the stories’ conformist position as scientifically minded crime fiction is complicated by their apparent tolerance of deviance, Lee’s expertise as a teacher of the deaf undermines counter-hegemonic readings because her profession aims to ‘cure’ a disability, deafness. Lee’s adventures show how popular fiction synthesised disparate discursive frameworks drawing on criminology, eugenics, science, communications technology and psychical research.
Katherine Irwin and Karen Umemoto
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520283022
- eISBN:
- 9780520958883
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520283022.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
Chapter eight showcases our theoretical interpretations of our findings reviewed in chapters three through seven. Featuring racial and gender inequalities, which we call the system of colonial ...
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Chapter eight showcases our theoretical interpretations of our findings reviewed in chapters three through seven. Featuring racial and gender inequalities, which we call the system of colonial patriarchy, we fill gaps in youth violence perspectives, interlocking inequalities perspectives of youth, and assumptions within the field of critical youth studies. We offer a theory of colonial patriarchy to explain youth violence, and we suggest how a colonial patriarchy lens can expand theories of punishment in the U.S.Less
Chapter eight showcases our theoretical interpretations of our findings reviewed in chapters three through seven. Featuring racial and gender inequalities, which we call the system of colonial patriarchy, we fill gaps in youth violence perspectives, interlocking inequalities perspectives of youth, and assumptions within the field of critical youth studies. We offer a theory of colonial patriarchy to explain youth violence, and we suggest how a colonial patriarchy lens can expand theories of punishment in the U.S.
Jerry Flores
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520284876
- eISBN:
- 9780520960541
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520284876.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
The book opens with a description of the two key sites in my study: El Valle Juvenile Detention and Legacy community school. I describe the focus of the project and the questions I address. Here, I ...
More
The book opens with a description of the two key sites in my study: El Valle Juvenile Detention and Legacy community school. I describe the focus of the project and the questions I address. Here, I emphasize how these two institutions and wraparound services shape the pathways of my participants and how these young women navigate these interlocking entities. I then discuss why understanding these new educational and penal connections is important, especially the role they play in the lives of the Latina girls in my study. In this chapter I introduce the term wraparound incarceration, which I coin in the book. I draw on previous research on intersectionality, the school-to-prison pipeline, life course theory and work on gender and crime to situate my own intellectual contributions. The chapter ends with a discussion of the major components of the book, providing readers a “map” of what to expect in the text. Finally, I introduce my primary respondents who will lead off and end every chapter in this manuscript. This introduction as a whole reminds the readers of the importance of studying the processes that lead this growing group of girls into the juvenile justice system.Less
The book opens with a description of the two key sites in my study: El Valle Juvenile Detention and Legacy community school. I describe the focus of the project and the questions I address. Here, I emphasize how these two institutions and wraparound services shape the pathways of my participants and how these young women navigate these interlocking entities. I then discuss why understanding these new educational and penal connections is important, especially the role they play in the lives of the Latina girls in my study. In this chapter I introduce the term wraparound incarceration, which I coin in the book. I draw on previous research on intersectionality, the school-to-prison pipeline, life course theory and work on gender and crime to situate my own intellectual contributions. The chapter ends with a discussion of the major components of the book, providing readers a “map” of what to expect in the text. Finally, I introduce my primary respondents who will lead off and end every chapter in this manuscript. This introduction as a whole reminds the readers of the importance of studying the processes that lead this growing group of girls into the juvenile justice system.
Jerry Flores
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520284876
- eISBN:
- 9780520960541
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520284876.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
In this chapter, I draw on feminist criminology and research on gender and crime to demonstrate how abuse and neglect in the home led the young women in my study to their first contact with the ...
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In this chapter, I draw on feminist criminology and research on gender and crime to demonstrate how abuse and neglect in the home led the young women in my study to their first contact with the criminal justice system. I pay attention to how home instability is shaped by gendered, racialized, and class-specific challenges. First, I discuss the multiple types of abuse girls experience in the home. This mistreatment led the young women in my study to begin dating at an early age; this new behavior resulted in more abuse at the hands of family members, who viewed their behavior as inappropriate and a violation of “proper” behavior for young Latinas. As this abuse continued, most of the young women in my study began using controlled substances. Soon, they ran away from home. Once on the street, they experienced a new set of challenges, which included finding housing, staying safe, and avoiding physical and sexual abuse. By this point their initial drug use had usually turned into full-blown drug addiction. Drug use and abuse were key factors contributing to first girls’ arrest.Less
In this chapter, I draw on feminist criminology and research on gender and crime to demonstrate how abuse and neglect in the home led the young women in my study to their first contact with the criminal justice system. I pay attention to how home instability is shaped by gendered, racialized, and class-specific challenges. First, I discuss the multiple types of abuse girls experience in the home. This mistreatment led the young women in my study to begin dating at an early age; this new behavior resulted in more abuse at the hands of family members, who viewed their behavior as inappropriate and a violation of “proper” behavior for young Latinas. As this abuse continued, most of the young women in my study began using controlled substances. Soon, they ran away from home. Once on the street, they experienced a new set of challenges, which included finding housing, staying safe, and avoiding physical and sexual abuse. By this point their initial drug use had usually turned into full-blown drug addiction. Drug use and abuse were key factors contributing to first girls’ arrest.
Jerry Flores
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520284876
- eISBN:
- 9780520960541
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520284876.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
For girls in El Valle and Legacy, incarceration is a central component of their lives. However, once kids turn 18, the violations that previously landed them in juvenile detention now lead directly ...
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For girls in El Valle and Legacy, incarceration is a central component of their lives. However, once kids turn 18, the violations that previously landed them in juvenile detention now lead directly to adult prisons. I identify the key turning points that lead girls in my study from detention to college, gainful employment, or the larger California prison system. I also reveal the key moments in girls’ development when they are ready and willing for positive change. Unfortunately, many youth are so entrenched in the criminal justice system that when they become ready for change, exiting the criminal justice system becomes impossible. I inform scholars understanding of young women and criminal desistance, as well as the institutional and interpersonal factors that prevent these youth from exiting the criminal justice system. This final section sheds light on the key factors that educators and criminal justice agencies can look for when attempting to make positive interventions in young peoples' life trajectories. It also sheds light on the shortcomings of wraparound services and further verifies my argument that these services resemble wraparound incarceration.Less
For girls in El Valle and Legacy, incarceration is a central component of their lives. However, once kids turn 18, the violations that previously landed them in juvenile detention now lead directly to adult prisons. I identify the key turning points that lead girls in my study from detention to college, gainful employment, or the larger California prison system. I also reveal the key moments in girls’ development when they are ready and willing for positive change. Unfortunately, many youth are so entrenched in the criminal justice system that when they become ready for change, exiting the criminal justice system becomes impossible. I inform scholars understanding of young women and criminal desistance, as well as the institutional and interpersonal factors that prevent these youth from exiting the criminal justice system. This final section sheds light on the key factors that educators and criminal justice agencies can look for when attempting to make positive interventions in young peoples' life trajectories. It also sheds light on the shortcomings of wraparound services and further verifies my argument that these services resemble wraparound incarceration.
Jerry Flores
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520284876
- eISBN:
- 9780520960541
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520284876.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
The conclusion revisits the major themes of book. It also highlights the larger implications of these findings for young people in the United States. New partnerships between education and penal ...
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The conclusion revisits the major themes of book. It also highlights the larger implications of these findings for young people in the United States. New partnerships between education and penal facilities and wraparound services as a whole do not help young people stay away from the criminal justice system. Despite the positive intentions of these new services, law enforcement and education administrators inadvertently undermine their goal of helping youth by exposing them to further criminalization. Instead these new services break down social bonds between adults, institutional actors, and other young people that would help the girls in my study begin a more positive life-course. This is reflected in their failed attempts to finish probation, return to traditional school and leave the criminal justice system altogether. I revisit this clear disconnect between the well-intentioned goals of education and corrections administrators with negative outcomes young women must negotiate as they try, and often fail, to stay out of secure detention. I also remind the reader how this process has a set of challenges that are unique to Latinas’ intersecting identities.Less
The conclusion revisits the major themes of book. It also highlights the larger implications of these findings for young people in the United States. New partnerships between education and penal facilities and wraparound services as a whole do not help young people stay away from the criminal justice system. Despite the positive intentions of these new services, law enforcement and education administrators inadvertently undermine their goal of helping youth by exposing them to further criminalization. Instead these new services break down social bonds between adults, institutional actors, and other young people that would help the girls in my study begin a more positive life-course. This is reflected in their failed attempts to finish probation, return to traditional school and leave the criminal justice system altogether. I revisit this clear disconnect between the well-intentioned goals of education and corrections administrators with negative outcomes young women must negotiate as they try, and often fail, to stay out of secure detention. I also remind the reader how this process has a set of challenges that are unique to Latinas’ intersecting identities.
Jennifer L. Lambe
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469631028
- eISBN:
- 9781469631042
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631028.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
During Cuba’s first “gilded age” (1909-26), Mazorra experienced a troubling divide from a psychiatric profession in development. Though psychiatrists drew on the hospital’s clinical material, ...
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During Cuba’s first “gilded age” (1909-26), Mazorra experienced a troubling divide from a psychiatric profession in development. Though psychiatrists drew on the hospital’s clinical material, especially a purported epidemic of “Spiritist madness,” to build a case for advancement and face down their professional competition, they often did so on the basis of a convergence with criminology. The resulting estrangement from hospital patients dovetailed with disillusionment outside it, fueled by asylum exposés that cohered in a vision of Mazorra as “Inferno.” But chapter 3 also seeks out the underbelly of the Inferno in the experience of patient captivity during a paradigmatic moment: the dictatorship of Gerardo Machado y Morales (1926-33) and the revolution that overturned it.Less
During Cuba’s first “gilded age” (1909-26), Mazorra experienced a troubling divide from a psychiatric profession in development. Though psychiatrists drew on the hospital’s clinical material, especially a purported epidemic of “Spiritist madness,” to build a case for advancement and face down their professional competition, they often did so on the basis of a convergence with criminology. The resulting estrangement from hospital patients dovetailed with disillusionment outside it, fueled by asylum exposés that cohered in a vision of Mazorra as “Inferno.” But chapter 3 also seeks out the underbelly of the Inferno in the experience of patient captivity during a paradigmatic moment: the dictatorship of Gerardo Machado y Morales (1926-33) and the revolution that overturned it.
Joanne Savage and Kevin H. Wozniak
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780195393583
- eISBN:
- 9780190603946
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393583.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Why do some individuals commit violent offenses while others restrict themselves to nonviolent crime? Most people probably assume that criminologists know a great deal about the causes of violent ...
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Why do some individuals commit violent offenses while others restrict themselves to nonviolent crime? Most people probably assume that criminologists know a great deal about the causes of violent offending. It might surprise them to know that there is little consensus about what distinguishes violent offenders from those who commit less serious crime. Further, most criminological theory and research applies mainly to lesser criminal offenses and most of the work published in developmental psychology applies best to general conduct problems, not necessarily physical aggression. The purpose of this book is to narrowly delineate the causes of violence and physical aggression as they contrast with the causes of other forms of antisocial behavior. In each substantive chapter, we select one potential cause of violence (attachment insecurity, parental rejection, low intelligence, school problems, child abuse, poverty, community disorder, and substance use) and assess the state of published evidence related to its ability to differentially predict violent behavior. To that end, we conducted extensive literature searches to unearth all existing relevant empirical work, published in English, for each topic. While the book is first and foremost a scholarly contribution to the fields of developmental psychology and criminology, the early chapters introducing the problem, discussing the development of violent behavior, and reviewing the sociological views of violence and motivation, will make it suitable for use as a text for an advanced course on violence or as a secondary text in an introductory criminology course.Less
Why do some individuals commit violent offenses while others restrict themselves to nonviolent crime? Most people probably assume that criminologists know a great deal about the causes of violent offending. It might surprise them to know that there is little consensus about what distinguishes violent offenders from those who commit less serious crime. Further, most criminological theory and research applies mainly to lesser criminal offenses and most of the work published in developmental psychology applies best to general conduct problems, not necessarily physical aggression. The purpose of this book is to narrowly delineate the causes of violence and physical aggression as they contrast with the causes of other forms of antisocial behavior. In each substantive chapter, we select one potential cause of violence (attachment insecurity, parental rejection, low intelligence, school problems, child abuse, poverty, community disorder, and substance use) and assess the state of published evidence related to its ability to differentially predict violent behavior. To that end, we conducted extensive literature searches to unearth all existing relevant empirical work, published in English, for each topic. While the book is first and foremost a scholarly contribution to the fields of developmental psychology and criminology, the early chapters introducing the problem, discussing the development of violent behavior, and reviewing the sociological views of violence and motivation, will make it suitable for use as a text for an advanced course on violence or as a secondary text in an introductory criminology course.
Kevin H. Wozniak
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780195393583
- eISBN:
- 9780190603946
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393583.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter bridges work from developmental psychology and criminology. In it, we outline the reasoning behind our choice of developmental factors to explore in detail as potential causes of ...
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This chapter bridges work from developmental psychology and criminology. In it, we outline the reasoning behind our choice of developmental factors to explore in detail as potential causes of violence. To do so, we bring to the fore constructs from the field of developmental psychology which may be unfamiliar to criminologists, some of which have not been linked explicitly to violence in the child development literature, either. Constructs such as child effects, human sociability, theory of mind, average expectable environment, sensitive periods, negative emotionality, emotion understanding, emotion regulation and social information processing are introduced and applied in service of explaining why we chose to write chapters on intelligence and executive functioning, academic achievement and other school factors, attachment, parental warmth/rejection, and maltreatment.Less
This chapter bridges work from developmental psychology and criminology. In it, we outline the reasoning behind our choice of developmental factors to explore in detail as potential causes of violence. To do so, we bring to the fore constructs from the field of developmental psychology which may be unfamiliar to criminologists, some of which have not been linked explicitly to violence in the child development literature, either. Constructs such as child effects, human sociability, theory of mind, average expectable environment, sensitive periods, negative emotionality, emotion understanding, emotion regulation and social information processing are introduced and applied in service of explaining why we chose to write chapters on intelligence and executive functioning, academic achievement and other school factors, attachment, parental warmth/rejection, and maltreatment.
