Joseph S. Nye
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262028998
- eISBN:
- 9780262326773
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028998.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, Security Studies
War was not inevitable in 1914 nor is it today. In 1914, however, peace was threatened by the inflexibility of alliances, the rise of nationalism, and Social Darwinism. Counterfactually in 1914, ...
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War was not inevitable in 1914 nor is it today. In 1914, however, peace was threatened by the inflexibility of alliances, the rise of nationalism, and Social Darwinism. Counterfactually in 1914, however, Britain might have stayed out or come in later, Franz Ferdinand might not have been killed, the war might have been local, rather than continental or worldwide. Germany might have avoided unlimited submarine warfare which brought the United States in. Any of these would have had profound effects, shortening or obviating the war or changing its outcome. Fortunately because of its dependence on world markets, China cannot afford a policy like the Kaisers’ Germany.Less
War was not inevitable in 1914 nor is it today. In 1914, however, peace was threatened by the inflexibility of alliances, the rise of nationalism, and Social Darwinism. Counterfactually in 1914, however, Britain might have stayed out or come in later, Franz Ferdinand might not have been killed, the war might have been local, rather than continental or worldwide. Germany might have avoided unlimited submarine warfare which brought the United States in. Any of these would have had profound effects, shortening or obviating the war or changing its outcome. Fortunately because of its dependence on world markets, China cannot afford a policy like the Kaisers’ Germany.
Peter Evans and Angelika Krüger
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781447305910
- eISBN:
- 9781447307754
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447305910.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
The data described in chapter three are presented summarily in the form of tables that focus on a number of key issues. These are: the extent to which YEPP's 10 non-negotiable principles were adhered ...
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The data described in chapter three are presented summarily in the form of tables that focus on a number of key issues. These are: the extent to which YEPP's 10 non-negotiable principles were adhered to; how far YEPP's research structure was implemented and the main outcomes – youth and community empowerment, partnerships, transnational activities, sustainability and impact on public policy. A table summarising the summaries is also provided based on the impacts of well- and partly implemented sites. The significance of the results is then discussed further with especial stress being given to methodology used, and its challenges, and the question of whether YEPP caused the changes that occurred. Since it was not possible to address this question using ‘experimental’ and ‘control’ sites an interpretation based on Lewis’ counterfactual approach was preferred. This provided strong support for the view that YEPP did cause at least some of the observed changes in the local programme sites. The better YEPP is implemented the more confident this conclusion becomes.Less
The data described in chapter three are presented summarily in the form of tables that focus on a number of key issues. These are: the extent to which YEPP's 10 non-negotiable principles were adhered to; how far YEPP's research structure was implemented and the main outcomes – youth and community empowerment, partnerships, transnational activities, sustainability and impact on public policy. A table summarising the summaries is also provided based on the impacts of well- and partly implemented sites. The significance of the results is then discussed further with especial stress being given to methodology used, and its challenges, and the question of whether YEPP caused the changes that occurred. Since it was not possible to address this question using ‘experimental’ and ‘control’ sites an interpretation based on Lewis’ counterfactual approach was preferred. This provided strong support for the view that YEPP did cause at least some of the observed changes in the local programme sites. The better YEPP is implemented the more confident this conclusion becomes.
