Kevin McDonough and Walter Feinberg (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199253661
- eISBN:
- 9780191601972
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199253668.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The essays in the volume address educational issues that arise when national, sub-national, and supra-national identities compete. These include: how to determine the limits to parental educational ...
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The essays in the volume address educational issues that arise when national, sub-national, and supra-national identities compete. These include: how to determine the limits to parental educational rights when liberalism’s concern to protect and promote children’s autonomy conflicts with the desire to maintain communal integrity; whether, given the advances made by the forces of globalization, the liberal–democratic state can morally justify its traditional purpose of forging a cohesive national identity or whether increasing globalization has rendered this educational aim obsolete and morally corrupt; and whether liberal education should instead seek to foster a sense of global citizenship, even if doing so would suppress patriotic identification. In addressing these and many other questions, the volume examines the theoretical and practical issues at stake between nationalists, multiculturalists, and cosmopolitans in the field of education. The 15 essays included (which were originally presented at a symposium on ‘Collective Identities and Cosmopolitan Values: Group Rights and Public Education in Liberal–Democratic Societies’, held in Montreal from June 22 to 25, 2000), and an introductory essay by the editors, provide a genuine, productive dialogue between political and legal philosophers and educational theorists. The essays are arranged in three parts: I: Cosmopolitanism, Liberalism and Common Education (six chapters); II: Liberalism and Traditionalist Education (four chapters); and III: Liberal Constraints on Traditionalist Education (five chapters).Less
The essays in the volume address educational issues that arise when national, sub-national, and supra-national identities compete. These include: how to determine the limits to parental educational rights when liberalism’s concern to protect and promote children’s autonomy conflicts with the desire to maintain communal integrity; whether, given the advances made by the forces of globalization, the liberal–democratic state can morally justify its traditional purpose of forging a cohesive national identity or whether increasing globalization has rendered this educational aim obsolete and morally corrupt; and whether liberal education should instead seek to foster a sense of global citizenship, even if doing so would suppress patriotic identification. In addressing these and many other questions, the volume examines the theoretical and practical issues at stake between nationalists, multiculturalists, and cosmopolitans in the field of education. The 15 essays included (which were originally presented at a symposium on ‘Collective Identities and Cosmopolitan Values: Group Rights and Public Education in Liberal–Democratic Societies’, held in Montreal from June 22 to 25, 2000), and an introductory essay by the editors, provide a genuine, productive dialogue between political and legal philosophers and educational theorists. The essays are arranged in three parts: I: Cosmopolitanism, Liberalism and Common Education (six chapters); II: Liberalism and Traditionalist Education (four chapters); and III: Liberal Constraints on Traditionalist Education (five chapters).
Fatemeh Keshavarz
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780748696925
- eISBN:
- 9781474408608
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748696925.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
Lyrics of Life: Sa’di on Love, Cosmopolitanism, and care of the Self is an accessible study of the lyrical, humorous, and social and education aspects of classical Persian poetry through the ghazals ...
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Lyrics of Life: Sa’di on Love, Cosmopolitanism, and care of the Self is an accessible study of the lyrical, humorous, and social and education aspects of classical Persian poetry through the ghazals of Sa’di of Shiraz (d.1291) the poet, traveller, and ethicist. In six chapters and on epilogue, the author focuses on Sa’di’s worldly wisdom, his cosmopolitan perspectives, his sense of humour, his ethical legacy, and the lyrical quality that has made his work immune to the ravishes of time. The study provides hundreds of verses in English translation in order to enable the reader to experience Sa’di’s poetic art first hand. The discussions emphasize the relation between this poetry and lived experience, the central communicative role of poetry in the medieval Muslim world and the elegance of the poetic language as a social tool for ethical and political education. At the same time, it describes, in fine details, the lyrical strategies that the poet used in order to keep his poetry fresh, lyrical, humorous and entertaining.Less
Lyrics of Life: Sa’di on Love, Cosmopolitanism, and care of the Self is an accessible study of the lyrical, humorous, and social and education aspects of classical Persian poetry through the ghazals of Sa’di of Shiraz (d.1291) the poet, traveller, and ethicist. In six chapters and on epilogue, the author focuses on Sa’di’s worldly wisdom, his cosmopolitan perspectives, his sense of humour, his ethical legacy, and the lyrical quality that has made his work immune to the ravishes of time. The study provides hundreds of verses in English translation in order to enable the reader to experience Sa’di’s poetic art first hand. The discussions emphasize the relation between this poetry and lived experience, the central communicative role of poetry in the medieval Muslim world and the elegance of the poetic language as a social tool for ethical and political education. At the same time, it describes, in fine details, the lyrical strategies that the poet used in order to keep his poetry fresh, lyrical, humorous and entertaining.
Robert Tobin
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199641567
- eISBN:
- 9780191738418
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641567.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
‘How do such people, with brilliant members and dull ones, fare when they pass from being a dominant minority to being a powerless one?’ So asked the Kilkenny man‐of‐letters Hubert Butler (1900‐91) ...
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‘How do such people, with brilliant members and dull ones, fare when they pass from being a dominant minority to being a powerless one?’ So asked the Kilkenny man‐of‐letters Hubert Butler (1900‐91) when considering the fate of Southern Protestants after Irish Independence. As both a product and critic of this culture, Butler posed the question repeatedly, refusing to accept as inevitable the marginalization of his community within the newly established state. Inspired by the example of the Revivalist generation, he challenged his compatriots to approach modern Irish identity in terms complementary rather than exclusivist. In the process of doing so, he produced a corpus of literary essays European in stature, informed by extensive travel, deep reading, and an active engagement with the political and social upheavals of his age. His insistence on the necessity of Protestant participation in Irish life, coupled with his challenges to received Catholic opinion, made him a contentious figure on both sides of the sectarian divide. This study therefore seeks to address not only Butler's remarkable personal career but also some of the larger themes to which he consistently drew attention: the need to balance Irish cosmopolitanism with local relationships; to address the compromises of the Second World War and the hypocrisies of the Cold War; to promote a society in which constructive dissent might not just be tolerated but valued. As a result, by the end of his life Butler came to be recognized as a forerunner of the more tolerant and expansive Ireland of today.Less
‘How do such people, with brilliant members and dull ones, fare when they pass from being a dominant minority to being a powerless one?’ So asked the Kilkenny man‐of‐letters Hubert Butler (1900‐91) when considering the fate of Southern Protestants after Irish Independence. As both a product and critic of this culture, Butler posed the question repeatedly, refusing to accept as inevitable the marginalization of his community within the newly established state. Inspired by the example of the Revivalist generation, he challenged his compatriots to approach modern Irish identity in terms complementary rather than exclusivist. In the process of doing so, he produced a corpus of literary essays European in stature, informed by extensive travel, deep reading, and an active engagement with the political and social upheavals of his age. His insistence on the necessity of Protestant participation in Irish life, coupled with his challenges to received Catholic opinion, made him a contentious figure on both sides of the sectarian divide. This study therefore seeks to address not only Butler's remarkable personal career but also some of the larger themes to which he consistently drew attention: the need to balance Irish cosmopolitanism with local relationships; to address the compromises of the Second World War and the hypocrisies of the Cold War; to promote a society in which constructive dissent might not just be tolerated but valued. As a result, by the end of his life Butler came to be recognized as a forerunner of the more tolerant and expansive Ireland of today.
Robert Tobin
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199641567
- eISBN:
- 9780191738418
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641567.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter introduces the concept of ‘cosmopolitanism’ in the context of post‐revolutionary Irish national life. It considers the contrasting perceptions of internationalism between Southern Irish ...
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This chapter introduces the concept of ‘cosmopolitanism’ in the context of post‐revolutionary Irish national life. It considers the contrasting perceptions of internationalism between Southern Irish Protestants and Catholics. It introduces Butler's early interest in travel and in cultivating a cosmopolitan viewpoint. It accounts for developments in his personal life, including his marriage, and his pivotal experiences in both the USSR and the Balkans. It provides extended analyses of some of his major travel essays and places them in the context of archival material from the same period. It provides an account of his work on behalf of Austrian Jews in Vienna before the outbreak of the war and his decision to spend the war in neutral Ireland. It discusses his domestic circumstances during this time and his growing literary output. It considers his views on Irish neutrality in the context of the wider debate on the subject.Less
This chapter introduces the concept of ‘cosmopolitanism’ in the context of post‐revolutionary Irish national life. It considers the contrasting perceptions of internationalism between Southern Irish Protestants and Catholics. It introduces Butler's early interest in travel and in cultivating a cosmopolitan viewpoint. It accounts for developments in his personal life, including his marriage, and his pivotal experiences in both the USSR and the Balkans. It provides extended analyses of some of his major travel essays and places them in the context of archival material from the same period. It provides an account of his work on behalf of Austrian Jews in Vienna before the outbreak of the war and his decision to spend the war in neutral Ireland. It discusses his domestic circumstances during this time and his growing literary output. It considers his views on Irish neutrality in the context of the wider debate on the subject.
Felicity Chaplin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526109538
- eISBN:
- 9781526128263
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526109538.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
While there have been significant contributions on la Parisienne in the fields of art history, fashion theory and culture, and cultural history, little is written on her appearance and function in ...
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While there have been significant contributions on la Parisienne in the fields of art history, fashion theory and culture, and cultural history, little is written on her appearance and function in cinema. This book is an attempt to address this gap in scholarship by examining the figure of la Parisienne in cinema.
The approach of this book is threefold: textual (the films), contextual (the history of the representations of the Parisienne type), and intertextual (the relationship between the films and other texts such as novels and paintings, extending to the star persona of the actress). However the overarching methodology of this book is iconographical, tracing the historical prefigurations of la Parisienne in the art, literature, and mass culture of nineteenth-century France.
The findings of this book are both general (la Parisienne as a cultural type) and specific (la Parisienne as a she appears in different films). La Parisienne can be defined as a figure of French modernity, understood both in its technological and cultural sense, and is recognisable in terms of six interconnected categories: art, cosmopolitanism, fashion, danger, prostitution, and stardom.
These categories reveal the way the Parisienne type is constantly evolving while at the same time possessing a set of recognisable motifs. By connecting the films discussed in this book to a cultural tradition to which they may not at first appear to belong, this book not only enriches our understanding of these films, it also offers new analytical and interpretative perspectives.Less
While there have been significant contributions on la Parisienne in the fields of art history, fashion theory and culture, and cultural history, little is written on her appearance and function in cinema. This book is an attempt to address this gap in scholarship by examining the figure of la Parisienne in cinema.
The approach of this book is threefold: textual (the films), contextual (the history of the representations of the Parisienne type), and intertextual (the relationship between the films and other texts such as novels and paintings, extending to the star persona of the actress). However the overarching methodology of this book is iconographical, tracing the historical prefigurations of la Parisienne in the art, literature, and mass culture of nineteenth-century France.
The findings of this book are both general (la Parisienne as a cultural type) and specific (la Parisienne as a she appears in different films). La Parisienne can be defined as a figure of French modernity, understood both in its technological and cultural sense, and is recognisable in terms of six interconnected categories: art, cosmopolitanism, fashion, danger, prostitution, and stardom.
These categories reveal the way the Parisienne type is constantly evolving while at the same time possessing a set of recognisable motifs. By connecting the films discussed in this book to a cultural tradition to which they may not at first appear to belong, this book not only enriches our understanding of these films, it also offers new analytical and interpretative perspectives.
Peter Higgins
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780748670260
- eISBN:
- 9780748695126
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748670260.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
By what moral standards must nation-states select immigration policies? A central contention of Immigration Justice is that the justice of an immigration policy can be ascertained only through ...
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By what moral standards must nation-states select immigration policies? A central contention of Immigration Justice is that the justice of an immigration policy can be ascertained only through consideration of the pervasive, systematic, and unjust inequalities engendered by the institutions that constitute our social world. Immigration policies affect people primarily as members of social groups demarcated from each other by members’ gender, race, and class. For this reason, this book argues that states’ selection of immigration policies is a matter of structural justice, defending the cosmopolitan principle that immigration policies are not just if they avoidably harm social groups that are already unjustly disadvantaged. Via this principle, Immigration Justice challenges the three most widely-held views on immigration justice among philosophers, political theorists and the general public: the moral sovereignty of states view, on which states have moral discretion to select immigration policies by criteria of their own choosing; nationalism, on which states morally must choose immigration policies that promote the national interest; and open borders, the view that states morally ought to eliminate virtually all restrictions on immigration. Instead, this book argues, just immigration policies vary among states in accordance with a variety of contextual factors influencing their consequences for disadvantaged social groups.Less
By what moral standards must nation-states select immigration policies? A central contention of Immigration Justice is that the justice of an immigration policy can be ascertained only through consideration of the pervasive, systematic, and unjust inequalities engendered by the institutions that constitute our social world. Immigration policies affect people primarily as members of social groups demarcated from each other by members’ gender, race, and class. For this reason, this book argues that states’ selection of immigration policies is a matter of structural justice, defending the cosmopolitan principle that immigration policies are not just if they avoidably harm social groups that are already unjustly disadvantaged. Via this principle, Immigration Justice challenges the three most widely-held views on immigration justice among philosophers, political theorists and the general public: the moral sovereignty of states view, on which states have moral discretion to select immigration policies by criteria of their own choosing; nationalism, on which states morally must choose immigration policies that promote the national interest; and open borders, the view that states morally ought to eliminate virtually all restrictions on immigration. Instead, this book argues, just immigration policies vary among states in accordance with a variety of contextual factors influencing their consequences for disadvantaged social groups.
Angela Frattarola
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056074
- eISBN:
- 9780813053868
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056074.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
Chapter 4 questions how the common turn-of-the-century practice of listening to the telephone, phonograph, and radio through headphones may have aided modernists in turning up the volume and ...
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Chapter 4 questions how the common turn-of-the-century practice of listening to the telephone, phonograph, and radio through headphones may have aided modernists in turning up the volume and recording interior monologue—one’s “inner speech” that sounds out within the auditory imagination. Using Jonathan Sterne’s historical study of how headphones created a “private acoustic space,” this chapter postulates that listening to voices and music through headphones created a new sense of a personal and aesthetically objectified space within one’s head. Just as headphones brought unfamiliar sounds and voices into one’s private headspace, James Joyce represents the stream of consciousness as a collage of voices and sounds from literature, religion, popular culture, and the soundscape. In Ulysses (1922), Joyce creates an auditory cosmopolitanism, by allowing the languages and sounds of the surrounding world to penetrate and influence the interior monologues of his characters.Less
Chapter 4 questions how the common turn-of-the-century practice of listening to the telephone, phonograph, and radio through headphones may have aided modernists in turning up the volume and recording interior monologue—one’s “inner speech” that sounds out within the auditory imagination. Using Jonathan Sterne’s historical study of how headphones created a “private acoustic space,” this chapter postulates that listening to voices and music through headphones created a new sense of a personal and aesthetically objectified space within one’s head. Just as headphones brought unfamiliar sounds and voices into one’s private headspace, James Joyce represents the stream of consciousness as a collage of voices and sounds from literature, religion, popular culture, and the soundscape. In Ulysses (1922), Joyce creates an auditory cosmopolitanism, by allowing the languages and sounds of the surrounding world to penetrate and influence the interior monologues of his characters.
Courtney Elizabeth Knapp
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469637273
- eISBN:
- 9781469637297
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469637273.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
What can local histories of interracial conflict and collaboration teach us about the potential for urban equity and social justice in the future? Courtney Elizabeth Knapp chronicles the politics of ...
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What can local histories of interracial conflict and collaboration teach us about the potential for urban equity and social justice in the future? Courtney Elizabeth Knapp chronicles the politics of gentrification and culture-based development in Chattanooga, Tennessee, by tracing the roots of racism, spatial segregation, and mainstream “cosmopolitanism” back to the earliest encounters between the Cherokee, African Americans, and white settlers. For more than three centuries, Chattanooga has been a site for multiracial interaction and community building; yet today public leaders have simultaneously restricted and appropriated many contributions of working-class communities of color within the city, exacerbating inequality and distrust between neighbors and public officials. Knapp suggests that “diasporic placemaking”—defined as the everyday practices through which uprooted people create new communities of security and belonging—is a useful analytical frame for understanding how multiracial interactions drive planning and urban development in diverse cities over time. By weaving together archival, ethnographic, and participatory action research techniques, she reveals the political complexities of a city characterized by centuries of ordinary resistance to racial segregation and uneven geographic development.Less
What can local histories of interracial conflict and collaboration teach us about the potential for urban equity and social justice in the future? Courtney Elizabeth Knapp chronicles the politics of gentrification and culture-based development in Chattanooga, Tennessee, by tracing the roots of racism, spatial segregation, and mainstream “cosmopolitanism” back to the earliest encounters between the Cherokee, African Americans, and white settlers. For more than three centuries, Chattanooga has been a site for multiracial interaction and community building; yet today public leaders have simultaneously restricted and appropriated many contributions of working-class communities of color within the city, exacerbating inequality and distrust between neighbors and public officials. Knapp suggests that “diasporic placemaking”—defined as the everyday practices through which uprooted people create new communities of security and belonging—is a useful analytical frame for understanding how multiracial interactions drive planning and urban development in diverse cities over time. By weaving together archival, ethnographic, and participatory action research techniques, she reveals the political complexities of a city characterized by centuries of ordinary resistance to racial segregation and uneven geographic development.
Pamela Hunt
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9789888455850
- eISBN:
- 9789888455478
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888455850.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
Feng Tang 馮唐 (born 1971) is a self-proclaimed ‘audacious’ author whose work has been described as highly ‘masculine’. This chapter considers Feng’s construction of masculinity in his writing and in ...
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Feng Tang 馮唐 (born 1971) is a self-proclaimed ‘audacious’ author whose work has been described as highly ‘masculine’. This chapter considers Feng’s construction of masculinity in his writing and in his own behaviour as a public figure, focusing in particular on Feng’s repeated reference to other writers and texts, both Chinese and Western. It suggests that the significance of this transnational intertextuality lies in Feng’s attempt to construct and perform a cosmopolitan form of manhood that draws on local and non-local models, and which is literary, subversive, and virile. Despite his reputation for renegade innovation, however, Feng ultimately returns masculinity to the centre of a global literary space, placing women in a marginalized position.Less
Feng Tang 馮唐 (born 1971) is a self-proclaimed ‘audacious’ author whose work has been described as highly ‘masculine’. This chapter considers Feng’s construction of masculinity in his writing and in his own behaviour as a public figure, focusing in particular on Feng’s repeated reference to other writers and texts, both Chinese and Western. It suggests that the significance of this transnational intertextuality lies in Feng’s attempt to construct and perform a cosmopolitan form of manhood that draws on local and non-local models, and which is literary, subversive, and virile. Despite his reputation for renegade innovation, however, Feng ultimately returns masculinity to the centre of a global literary space, placing women in a marginalized position.
Jamie Coates
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9789888455850
- eISBN:
- 9789888455478
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888455850.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
Through an exploration of one Chinese man’s efforts to navigate masculinities in Japan, this chapter conceptualises how masculine persona change. Li Xiaomu first gained notoriety as a guide to, and ...
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Through an exploration of one Chinese man’s efforts to navigate masculinities in Japan, this chapter conceptualises how masculine persona change. Li Xiaomu first gained notoriety as a guide to, and commentator on, Japan’s red light district, Kabukicho. Often exacerbating negative perceptions of Chinese-ness in Japan, Li’s masculine performances coopted hegemonic associations between Chinese men and underworld crime in the late 1990s and early 2000s. More recently however, Li has moved to perform other hegemonic masculinities through his new persona as a respectful politician and advocate for diversity in Japan. Based on ethnographic and media-text analyses of Li’s complex public persona, this chapter interrogates what it means for Chinese men to strive towards a cosmopolitanism ethos in transnational contexts.Less
Through an exploration of one Chinese man’s efforts to navigate masculinities in Japan, this chapter conceptualises how masculine persona change. Li Xiaomu first gained notoriety as a guide to, and commentator on, Japan’s red light district, Kabukicho. Often exacerbating negative perceptions of Chinese-ness in Japan, Li’s masculine performances coopted hegemonic associations between Chinese men and underworld crime in the late 1990s and early 2000s. More recently however, Li has moved to perform other hegemonic masculinities through his new persona as a respectful politician and advocate for diversity in Japan. Based on ethnographic and media-text analyses of Li’s complex public persona, this chapter interrogates what it means for Chinese men to strive towards a cosmopolitanism ethos in transnational contexts.
Fatemeh Keshavarz
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780748696925
- eISBN:
- 9781474408608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748696925.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
This Chapter discusses the impact of Sa’di’s travels in shaping his cosmopolitan and inclusive perspective. It moves on the significance of Persian poetry as line of cultural communication among the ...
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This Chapter discusses the impact of Sa’di’s travels in shaping his cosmopolitan and inclusive perspective. It moves on the significance of Persian poetry as line of cultural communication among the Persian speakers across the globe. Persian poets and travel, as well as Sa’di’s own travel are among the other topics in the chapter.Less
This Chapter discusses the impact of Sa’di’s travels in shaping his cosmopolitan and inclusive perspective. It moves on the significance of Persian poetry as line of cultural communication among the Persian speakers across the globe. Persian poets and travel, as well as Sa’di’s own travel are among the other topics in the chapter.
John Gilmour
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748627462
- eISBN:
- 9780748671274
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748627462.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
A debate has developed between two main schools of historiographical interpretation of Sweden’s wartime conduct which can briefly be summarised as ‘small-state realism’ and ‘moral interpretation’. ...
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A debate has developed between two main schools of historiographical interpretation of Sweden’s wartime conduct which can briefly be summarised as ‘small-state realism’ and ‘moral interpretation’. ‘Small-state realism’ rested on propositions such as that the welfare and survival of the Swedish people were at stake. This interpretation would dominate discourse until the 1990s. Maria-Pia Boëthius’1991 book attacked the moral basis of ‘small-state realism’. The shift in emphasis from ‘small-state realism’ interpretation to moral interpretation meant that the Coalition Government could be portrayed as ‘running errands for a tyrannical butcher’. Two paradigms are suggested to aid interpretation. Cosmopolitanism and communitarianism lie at the core of the argument on ‘right’ or ‘wrong while Maslow’s ‘hierarchy of needs’ helps to clarify why the post-war generation has had such difficulty understanding the rationale of a wartime policy that was approved by most Swedes. Following Boëthius’ book there was a new, revelatory wave of disclosure about those aspects of Swedish-Nazi contacts which had previously been ignored.Less
A debate has developed between two main schools of historiographical interpretation of Sweden’s wartime conduct which can briefly be summarised as ‘small-state realism’ and ‘moral interpretation’. ‘Small-state realism’ rested on propositions such as that the welfare and survival of the Swedish people were at stake. This interpretation would dominate discourse until the 1990s. Maria-Pia Boëthius’1991 book attacked the moral basis of ‘small-state realism’. The shift in emphasis from ‘small-state realism’ interpretation to moral interpretation meant that the Coalition Government could be portrayed as ‘running errands for a tyrannical butcher’. Two paradigms are suggested to aid interpretation. Cosmopolitanism and communitarianism lie at the core of the argument on ‘right’ or ‘wrong while Maslow’s ‘hierarchy of needs’ helps to clarify why the post-war generation has had such difficulty understanding the rationale of a wartime policy that was approved by most Swedes. Following Boëthius’ book there was a new, revelatory wave of disclosure about those aspects of Swedish-Nazi contacts which had previously been ignored.
Alex Broadbent
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- February 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190612139
- eISBN:
- 9780190612177
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190612139.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
Philosophy of Medicine seeks to answer two questions: (1) what is medicine? and (2) what should we think of it? The first question is motivated by the observation that medicine has existed and ...
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Philosophy of Medicine seeks to answer two questions: (1) what is medicine? and (2) what should we think of it? The first question is motivated by the observation that medicine has existed and continues to exist in many different forms in different times and places. There is no activity or belief that is common to all medical traditions in all times and places. What, if anything, makes us count these activities as varieties of the same thing—namely, medicine? The book distinguishes the goal and business of medicine, arguing that the goal is cure, while the business of medicine cannot be, because medical traditions have been too hit-and-miss at achieving cure. The core medical competence is identified as engaging with the project of understanding the nature and causes of disease. A model of health is also required to say what medicine is, since health is part of its subject matter, and a novel theory of health as a secondary property is offered. In the second part of the book, the proper epistemic attitude to medicine is considered. Contrary to much contemporary work, the book argues against positions setting very rigid constraints on what counts as admissible evidence in forming beliefs either about whole traditions or about specific interventions. Thus both Evidence-Based Medicine and Medical Nihilism are rejected. Instead a view called Medical Cosmopolitanism is developed from Appiah’s corresponding work in ethics. The view is applied to alternative and non-Mainstream traditions, as well as to the project of decolonizing medicine.Less
Philosophy of Medicine seeks to answer two questions: (1) what is medicine? and (2) what should we think of it? The first question is motivated by the observation that medicine has existed and continues to exist in many different forms in different times and places. There is no activity or belief that is common to all medical traditions in all times and places. What, if anything, makes us count these activities as varieties of the same thing—namely, medicine? The book distinguishes the goal and business of medicine, arguing that the goal is cure, while the business of medicine cannot be, because medical traditions have been too hit-and-miss at achieving cure. The core medical competence is identified as engaging with the project of understanding the nature and causes of disease. A model of health is also required to say what medicine is, since health is part of its subject matter, and a novel theory of health as a secondary property is offered. In the second part of the book, the proper epistemic attitude to medicine is considered. Contrary to much contemporary work, the book argues against positions setting very rigid constraints on what counts as admissible evidence in forming beliefs either about whole traditions or about specific interventions. Thus both Evidence-Based Medicine and Medical Nihilism are rejected. Instead a view called Medical Cosmopolitanism is developed from Appiah’s corresponding work in ethics. The view is applied to alternative and non-Mainstream traditions, as well as to the project of decolonizing medicine.
Howard Brick
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748626014
- eISBN:
- 9780748670673
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748626014.003.0010
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
At the outset of this chapter, the author, Howard Brick, considers whether, from an American perspective, 9/11 and the ensuing wars represented a rupture in the rise of globalisation in the 1990s or ...
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At the outset of this chapter, the author, Howard Brick, considers whether, from an American perspective, 9/11 and the ensuing wars represented a rupture in the rise of globalisation in the 1990s or whether it emphasized the extent of global reach. Brick traces global forces and relations back to the late 1970s and early 1980s, but he discerns much longer historical tensions between national insularity and international cosmopolitanism in American life, which came to the fore in the 1970s in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and a new economic crisis. Surveying the literature of globalization in the second half of the 1990s, the chapter concludes with a discussion of Thomas Friedman amongst other contemporary critics of globalism, arguing that it is unhelpful to see globalisation as a single, coherent and internally uniform process.Less
At the outset of this chapter, the author, Howard Brick, considers whether, from an American perspective, 9/11 and the ensuing wars represented a rupture in the rise of globalisation in the 1990s or whether it emphasized the extent of global reach. Brick traces global forces and relations back to the late 1970s and early 1980s, but he discerns much longer historical tensions between national insularity and international cosmopolitanism in American life, which came to the fore in the 1970s in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and a new economic crisis. Surveying the literature of globalization in the second half of the 1990s, the chapter concludes with a discussion of Thomas Friedman amongst other contemporary critics of globalism, arguing that it is unhelpful to see globalisation as a single, coherent and internally uniform process.
R. Michael Feener and Joshua Gedacht
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474435093
- eISBN:
- 9781474453660
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474435093.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This introduction lays out the argument that an exploration of Muslim mobility and diversity across Asian history can help identify coercive dimensions that are often elided in dominant modern ...
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This introduction lays out the argument that an exploration of Muslim mobility and diversity across Asian history can help identify coercive dimensions that are often elided in dominant modern visions of ‘cosmopolitanism’. Starting with a discussion of the role that images of the premodern Muslim kingdom of al-Andalus in Spain have played in Muslim memory as a marker both of nostalgia and loss, the introduction then transitions to Asia. Specifically, the chapter traces how Islamic ideas of pilgrimage, migration, and learning shaped imaginaries of movement and of ‘opening’ frontier space defined as much by agonistic confrontation as by accommodation. These conceptual reflections build upon references to particular histories and historiographies of cosmopolitanism - including debates on the Indian Ocean, Sufism, religious ‘conscience’, and the global ‘umma’. Finally, this discussion sets the stage for the volume chapters to follow on coercion, asymmetrical power relations, and cosmopolitanism across diverse Asian Muslim societies.Less
This introduction lays out the argument that an exploration of Muslim mobility and diversity across Asian history can help identify coercive dimensions that are often elided in dominant modern visions of ‘cosmopolitanism’. Starting with a discussion of the role that images of the premodern Muslim kingdom of al-Andalus in Spain have played in Muslim memory as a marker both of nostalgia and loss, the introduction then transitions to Asia. Specifically, the chapter traces how Islamic ideas of pilgrimage, migration, and learning shaped imaginaries of movement and of ‘opening’ frontier space defined as much by agonistic confrontation as by accommodation. These conceptual reflections build upon references to particular histories and historiographies of cosmopolitanism - including debates on the Indian Ocean, Sufism, religious ‘conscience’, and the global ‘umma’. Finally, this discussion sets the stage for the volume chapters to follow on coercion, asymmetrical power relations, and cosmopolitanism across diverse Asian Muslim societies.
Bruce B. Lawrence
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474435093
- eISBN:
- 9781474453660
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474435093.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
Lawrence introduces the idea that ‘Islamicate cosmopolitans’ engage in moral introspection to fashion a genuine orientation of openness to religious-cum-cultural difference. Drawing from the work of ...
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Lawrence introduces the idea that ‘Islamicate cosmopolitans’ engage in moral introspection to fashion a genuine orientation of openness to religious-cum-cultural difference. Drawing from the work of Marshall Hodgson, Lawrence argues that these cosmopolitans carried a specific conscience, a conscience that precedes Islam yet was reshaped by the Quran and ethical reflection within Muslim empires. The chapter then explores two renowned pre-modern thinkers, the scientific polymath Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī and the legal scholars Ibn Khaldūn, as exemplars of a universal ethos with an Islamicate accent. Yet, Lawrence also acknowledges how notions of cosmopolitan justice could nevertheless sustain coercion by directing Muslim commitment to state power through concepts such as the medieval ‘circle of justice’.Less
Lawrence introduces the idea that ‘Islamicate cosmopolitans’ engage in moral introspection to fashion a genuine orientation of openness to religious-cum-cultural difference. Drawing from the work of Marshall Hodgson, Lawrence argues that these cosmopolitans carried a specific conscience, a conscience that precedes Islam yet was reshaped by the Quran and ethical reflection within Muslim empires. The chapter then explores two renowned pre-modern thinkers, the scientific polymath Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī and the legal scholars Ibn Khaldūn, as exemplars of a universal ethos with an Islamicate accent. Yet, Lawrence also acknowledges how notions of cosmopolitan justice could nevertheless sustain coercion by directing Muslim commitment to state power through concepts such as the medieval ‘circle of justice’.
Joshua Gedacht
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474435093
- eISBN:
- 9781474453660
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474435093.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter examines how some American colonial officials attempted to harness Philippine Muslim connections with the wider Islamic world in a project of ‘coercive cosmopolitanism’. Specifically, ...
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This chapter examines how some American colonial officials attempted to harness Philippine Muslim connections with the wider Islamic world in a project of ‘coercive cosmopolitanism’. Specifically, American authorities hoped that by recruiting a learned ‘modern Mohammedan’ teacher from Istanbul, a Palestinian named Sayyid Muḥammad Wajīh b. Munīb Zayd al-Kilānī al-Nābulsī, they could help to correct the supposedly ‘degraded’ forms of local religious practice and thereby combat Muslim resistance. Shaykh Wajīh’s odyssey from the Ottoman capital to the Philippines, where he acquired the moniker ‘Shaykh al-Islām of the Philippines’, reverberated from Singapore to Manila and Washington, generating optimism that such connections could promote both a deepening of religious belief as well affinities between Muslims and non-Muslims. Yet, this chapter also contends that decades of pacification freighted such encounters with mistrust, driving Shaykh Wajīh to quickly depart from the Philippines and revealing the perils of colonially-inspired, coercively produced bonds of cosmopolitanism.Less
This chapter examines how some American colonial officials attempted to harness Philippine Muslim connections with the wider Islamic world in a project of ‘coercive cosmopolitanism’. Specifically, American authorities hoped that by recruiting a learned ‘modern Mohammedan’ teacher from Istanbul, a Palestinian named Sayyid Muḥammad Wajīh b. Munīb Zayd al-Kilānī al-Nābulsī, they could help to correct the supposedly ‘degraded’ forms of local religious practice and thereby combat Muslim resistance. Shaykh Wajīh’s odyssey from the Ottoman capital to the Philippines, where he acquired the moniker ‘Shaykh al-Islām of the Philippines’, reverberated from Singapore to Manila and Washington, generating optimism that such connections could promote both a deepening of religious belief as well affinities between Muslims and non-Muslims. Yet, this chapter also contends that decades of pacification freighted such encounters with mistrust, driving Shaykh Wajīh to quickly depart from the Philippines and revealing the perils of colonially-inspired, coercively produced bonds of cosmopolitanism.
Patrick Hayden
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748620746
- eISBN:
- 9780748672042
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748620746.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Insofar as a just war is fought ultimately for a just and lasting peace, just war theory should engage with various issues concerning how such a peace is to be understood and secured. The nature of ...
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Insofar as a just war is fought ultimately for a just and lasting peace, just war theory should engage with various issues concerning how such a peace is to be understood and secured. The nature of global conflict today demonstrates that it is impossible to conceptualise and pursue such a peace through the traditional state-centric paradigm of security. The development of a “human security” perspective is explained in this chapter, which goes on to present a case for a human right to peace. The question is then raised as to how such theoretical innovations may relate to just war theory. It is argued that, suitably modified, the theory can be rendered compatible with such a right. Two important features of this revised theory are, firstly, the need for an account of jus post bellum to indicate certain conditions of, and requirements for, the post-conflict consolidation of the right to peace; secondly, the insistence that only a cosmopolitan perspective can satisfactorily combine the justification of war with the primacy of human security and the right to peace.Less
Insofar as a just war is fought ultimately for a just and lasting peace, just war theory should engage with various issues concerning how such a peace is to be understood and secured. The nature of global conflict today demonstrates that it is impossible to conceptualise and pursue such a peace through the traditional state-centric paradigm of security. The development of a “human security” perspective is explained in this chapter, which goes on to present a case for a human right to peace. The question is then raised as to how such theoretical innovations may relate to just war theory. It is argued that, suitably modified, the theory can be rendered compatible with such a right. Two important features of this revised theory are, firstly, the need for an account of jus post bellum to indicate certain conditions of, and requirements for, the post-conflict consolidation of the right to peace; secondly, the insistence that only a cosmopolitan perspective can satisfactorily combine the justification of war with the primacy of human security and the right to peace.
Eugenia Zuroski Jenkins
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199950980
- eISBN:
- 9780199345991
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199950980.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature, World Literature
A Taste for China offers an account of how literature of the long eighteenth century generated a model of English selfhood dependent on figures of China. It shows how various genres of ...
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A Taste for China offers an account of how literature of the long eighteenth century generated a model of English selfhood dependent on figures of China. It shows how various genres of writing in this period call upon “things Chinese” to define the tasteful English subject of modernity. Chinoiserie is no mere exotic curiosity in this culture, but a potent, multivalent sign of England’s participation in a cosmopolitan world order. By the end of the eighteenth century, not only are English homes filled with it, but so too are English selves. Literature’s gradual insistence that things Chinese are incompatible with English identity is part of a strategy for organizing this imaginary material as part of modern subjectivity. Orientalism does not inform the literary incorporation of China into English self-definition, but is instead one of its most lasting effects.Less
A Taste for China offers an account of how literature of the long eighteenth century generated a model of English selfhood dependent on figures of China. It shows how various genres of writing in this period call upon “things Chinese” to define the tasteful English subject of modernity. Chinoiserie is no mere exotic curiosity in this culture, but a potent, multivalent sign of England’s participation in a cosmopolitan world order. By the end of the eighteenth century, not only are English homes filled with it, but so too are English selves. Literature’s gradual insistence that things Chinese are incompatible with English identity is part of a strategy for organizing this imaginary material as part of modern subjectivity. Orientalism does not inform the literary incorporation of China into English self-definition, but is instead one of its most lasting effects.
Alexander Somek
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199651535
- eISBN:
- 9780191747878
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199651535.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, EU Law
The foundations of constitutional authority have changed since modern constitutions first emerged in the eighteenth century. Originally, the constitution is supposed to express and to channel popular ...
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The foundations of constitutional authority have changed since modern constitutions first emerged in the eighteenth century. Originally, the constitution is supposed to express and to channel popular sovereignty. It is a work of freedom. It springs from, and facilitates, collective self-determination. This perspective changes after the Second World War. From now on constitutional authority is supposed to commit itself credibly to human rights. The people recede into the background. Universal principles command respect. Moreover, the national constitution becomes embedded into one or the other system of peer review among nations. This marks the advent of the cosmopolitan constitution. But this new cosmopolitan paradise is ambivalent. Greater civility and mutual supervision in the relation among peoples exacts the price of their political disempowerment. The question is whether this new form of constitutional authority can be based on an alternative form of collective self-determination that is no longer political but cosmopolitan in kind. But would such a shift, even if possible, be also desirable?Less
The foundations of constitutional authority have changed since modern constitutions first emerged in the eighteenth century. Originally, the constitution is supposed to express and to channel popular sovereignty. It is a work of freedom. It springs from, and facilitates, collective self-determination. This perspective changes after the Second World War. From now on constitutional authority is supposed to commit itself credibly to human rights. The people recede into the background. Universal principles command respect. Moreover, the national constitution becomes embedded into one or the other system of peer review among nations. This marks the advent of the cosmopolitan constitution. But this new cosmopolitan paradise is ambivalent. Greater civility and mutual supervision in the relation among peoples exacts the price of their political disempowerment. The question is whether this new form of constitutional authority can be based on an alternative form of collective self-determination that is no longer political but cosmopolitan in kind. But would such a shift, even if possible, be also desirable?
