S. Ravi Rajan
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199277964
- eISBN:
- 9780191707827
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199277964.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This book contributes to the debate regarding the origins, institutionalization, and politics of the sciences and systems of knowledge underlying colonial frameworks of environmental management. It ...
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This book contributes to the debate regarding the origins, institutionalization, and politics of the sciences and systems of knowledge underlying colonial frameworks of environmental management. It departs from the widely prevalent scholarly perspective that colonial science can be understood predominantly as a handmaiden of imperialism. Instead, it argues that the myriad colonial sciences had ideological and interventionist traditions distinct from each other and from the colonial bureaucracy, and that these tensions better explain environmental politics and policy dilemmas in the post-colonial era. The author argues that tropical forestry in the 19th century consisted of at least two distinct approaches towards nature, resource, and people; and what won out in the end was the Continental European forestry paradigm. He also shows that science and scientists were relatively marginal until the First World War. It was the acute scientific and resource crisis felt during the War, along with the rise of experts and expertise in Britain during that period and the lobby-politics of an organized empire-wide scientific community, that resulted in resource management regimes such as forestry beginning to get serious state backing. Over time, considerable differences in approach and outlook towards policy emerged between different colonial scientific communities, such as foresters and agriculturists. These different colonial sciences represented different situated knowledges, with different visions of nature, people, and empire, and in different configurations of power. Finally, in a panoramic overview of post-colonial developments, the author argues that the hegemony of these state-scientific regimes of resource management during the period 1950-1990 engendered not just social revolt, as recent historical work has shown, but also intellectual protest. Consequently, the discipline of forestry became systematically re-conceptualized, with new approaches to sylviculture, economics, law, and crucially, new visions of modernity. This disciplinary change constitutes nothing short of a cognitive revolution, one that has been brought about by a clearly articulated political perspective on the orientation of the discipline of forestry by its practitioners.Less
This book contributes to the debate regarding the origins, institutionalization, and politics of the sciences and systems of knowledge underlying colonial frameworks of environmental management. It departs from the widely prevalent scholarly perspective that colonial science can be understood predominantly as a handmaiden of imperialism. Instead, it argues that the myriad colonial sciences had ideological and interventionist traditions distinct from each other and from the colonial bureaucracy, and that these tensions better explain environmental politics and policy dilemmas in the post-colonial era. The author argues that tropical forestry in the 19th century consisted of at least two distinct approaches towards nature, resource, and people; and what won out in the end was the Continental European forestry paradigm. He also shows that science and scientists were relatively marginal until the First World War. It was the acute scientific and resource crisis felt during the War, along with the rise of experts and expertise in Britain during that period and the lobby-politics of an organized empire-wide scientific community, that resulted in resource management regimes such as forestry beginning to get serious state backing. Over time, considerable differences in approach and outlook towards policy emerged between different colonial scientific communities, such as foresters and agriculturists. These different colonial sciences represented different situated knowledges, with different visions of nature, people, and empire, and in different configurations of power. Finally, in a panoramic overview of post-colonial developments, the author argues that the hegemony of these state-scientific regimes of resource management during the period 1950-1990 engendered not just social revolt, as recent historical work has shown, but also intellectual protest. Consequently, the discipline of forestry became systematically re-conceptualized, with new approaches to sylviculture, economics, law, and crucially, new visions of modernity. This disciplinary change constitutes nothing short of a cognitive revolution, one that has been brought about by a clearly articulated political perspective on the orientation of the discipline of forestry by its practitioners.
RICHARD WHITTINGTON and MICHAEL MAYER
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199251049
- eISBN:
- 9780191714382
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199251049.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
This chapter reviews what the unfolding story of European big business can tell us about the three important questions in this study. It begins with the issue of effective strategies and structures. ...
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This chapter reviews what the unfolding story of European big business can tell us about the three important questions in this study. It begins with the issue of effective strategies and structures. It explains that despite the rise and alleged fall of the conglomerate and notwithstanding claims for a new networked, N-form economy, it discovers that the Chandlerian model holds more or less true. It adds that it must amend and renew the original model, yet its essential principles endure. It clarifies that there has been less of a managerial revolution in Continental Europe than the original Harvard scholars might have expected, yet corporations of all sorts have steadily been adopting the common business school model. It notes that it can accept the Chandlerian model as a provisional and adaptive conception of the firm, while leaving behind the modernistic, universalism of Chandlerism.Less
This chapter reviews what the unfolding story of European big business can tell us about the three important questions in this study. It begins with the issue of effective strategies and structures. It explains that despite the rise and alleged fall of the conglomerate and notwithstanding claims for a new networked, N-form economy, it discovers that the Chandlerian model holds more or less true. It adds that it must amend and renew the original model, yet its essential principles endure. It clarifies that there has been less of a managerial revolution in Continental Europe than the original Harvard scholars might have expected, yet corporations of all sorts have steadily been adopting the common business school model. It notes that it can accept the Chandlerian model as a provisional and adaptive conception of the firm, while leaving behind the modernistic, universalism of Chandlerism.
Stephen Conway
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199210855
- eISBN:
- 9780191725111
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199210855.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Britain’s separateness from the rest of Europe is often taken as read. For generations, historians have presented Britain as exceptional and different. In recent years, an emphasis on the Atlantic ...
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Britain’s separateness from the rest of Europe is often taken as read. For generations, historians have presented Britain as exceptional and different. In recent years, an emphasis on the Atlantic and imperial aspects of British history, and on the importance of the nation and national identity, has made Britain and Ireland seem even more distant from the neighbouring Continent. This study offers a different perspective on eighteenth-century Britain and Ireland’s relationship with continental Europe. It acknowledges areas of difference and distinctiveness, but points to areas of similarity. It accepts that both Britain and Ireland were part of an Atlantic and wider imperial world, but highlights their under-recognized connections with the rest of Europe. And, perhaps most ambitiously of all, it suggests that if the British and Irish thought and acted in national terms, they were also able, in the appropriate circumstances, to see themselves as Europeans. Some of the chapters say more about British and Irish similarities to the Continent, others stress connections, and still others illustrate European identities. But, taken together, they present a case for our regarding eighteenth-century Britain and Ireland as integral parts of Europe, and for our appreciating that this was the perspective of many of the British and Irish at the time. Other historians have opended up parts of this subject, presenting a more rounded picture than exceptionalist narratives allow, stressing convergence rather than divergence, establishing important connections and exploring their ramifications; but none has attempted such a panoramic view.Less
Britain’s separateness from the rest of Europe is often taken as read. For generations, historians have presented Britain as exceptional and different. In recent years, an emphasis on the Atlantic and imperial aspects of British history, and on the importance of the nation and national identity, has made Britain and Ireland seem even more distant from the neighbouring Continent. This study offers a different perspective on eighteenth-century Britain and Ireland’s relationship with continental Europe. It acknowledges areas of difference and distinctiveness, but points to areas of similarity. It accepts that both Britain and Ireland were part of an Atlantic and wider imperial world, but highlights their under-recognized connections with the rest of Europe. And, perhaps most ambitiously of all, it suggests that if the British and Irish thought and acted in national terms, they were also able, in the appropriate circumstances, to see themselves as Europeans. Some of the chapters say more about British and Irish similarities to the Continent, others stress connections, and still others illustrate European identities. But, taken together, they present a case for our regarding eighteenth-century Britain and Ireland as integral parts of Europe, and for our appreciating that this was the perspective of many of the British and Irish at the time. Other historians have opended up parts of this subject, presenting a more rounded picture than exceptionalist narratives allow, stressing convergence rather than divergence, establishing important connections and exploring their ramifications; but none has attempted such a panoramic view.
Stephen Conway
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199210855
- eISBN:
- 9780191725111
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199210855.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
The concluding remarks consider again similarities, connections, and identities — the organizing framework for the book — summarizing and highlighting earlier findings and addressing at some length ...
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The concluding remarks consider again similarities, connections, and identities — the organizing framework for the book — summarizing and highlighting earlier findings and addressing at some length the question of whether there were distinct phases in Britain and Ireland's eighteenth-century relationship with the Continent.Less
The concluding remarks consider again similarities, connections, and identities — the organizing framework for the book — summarizing and highlighting earlier findings and addressing at some length the question of whether there were distinct phases in Britain and Ireland's eighteenth-century relationship with the Continent.
A. B. Atkinson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199532438
- eISBN:
- 9780191714559
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532438.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, International
This chapter discusses the evolution of the distribution of earnings in recent decades in the US, Canada, and eastern and western Europe. The data show that the late 1960s and 1970s were a period of ...
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This chapter discusses the evolution of the distribution of earnings in recent decades in the US, Canada, and eastern and western Europe. The data show that the late 1960s and 1970s were a period of earnings compression in a number of countries (Finland, France, Italy, Sweden, and the United Kingdom); there was not a lull before the storm, and the falls in the bottom decile after 1980 can be seen as a part reversal of the 1970s compression. In many countries, there has been a steady upward movement since 1980 in the top decile (Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States). The finding of a fanning out at the top is evident for Australia, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The three Eastern European countries all showed a move towards increased earnings dispersion with the transition to a market economy, but there are differences, with dispersion being less, and more stable, in the Czech Republic than in Hungary and Poland.Less
This chapter discusses the evolution of the distribution of earnings in recent decades in the US, Canada, and eastern and western Europe. The data show that the late 1960s and 1970s were a period of earnings compression in a number of countries (Finland, France, Italy, Sweden, and the United Kingdom); there was not a lull before the storm, and the falls in the bottom decile after 1980 can be seen as a part reversal of the 1970s compression. In many countries, there has been a steady upward movement since 1980 in the top decile (Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States). The finding of a fanning out at the top is evident for Australia, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The three Eastern European countries all showed a move towards increased earnings dispersion with the transition to a market economy, but there are differences, with dispersion being less, and more stable, in the Czech Republic than in Hungary and Poland.
Robert Holland
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780300235920
- eISBN:
- 9780300240870
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300235920.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter details British engagement with the Mediterranean from 1800 to 1830. As Napoleon's grip extended across Continental Europe, the restrictions on Continental travel for British citizens ...
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This chapter details British engagement with the Mediterranean from 1800 to 1830. As Napoleon's grip extended across Continental Europe, the restrictions on Continental travel for British citizens led to an enhanced bias towards the Mediterranean, circuitously approached through northern routes such as the German states or even Russia, or by sea via Gibraltar. Once Napoleon took control of Corfu from a Russo-Turkish occupation of that island as a springboard for further French expansion, the British tentatively began to experiment with a counter-stake of their own in western Greece. This meant establishing a relationship with Ali Pasha, the warlord with a local empire based in Yannina in northwestern Greece. From this flowed the sinuous part played by the British government in the fate of the Orthodox Christian community of the Souliotes in Epirus.Less
This chapter details British engagement with the Mediterranean from 1800 to 1830. As Napoleon's grip extended across Continental Europe, the restrictions on Continental travel for British citizens led to an enhanced bias towards the Mediterranean, circuitously approached through northern routes such as the German states or even Russia, or by sea via Gibraltar. Once Napoleon took control of Corfu from a Russo-Turkish occupation of that island as a springboard for further French expansion, the British tentatively began to experiment with a counter-stake of their own in western Greece. This meant establishing a relationship with Ali Pasha, the warlord with a local empire based in Yannina in northwestern Greece. From this flowed the sinuous part played by the British government in the fate of the Orthodox Christian community of the Souliotes in Epirus.
Ian Bradley
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195328943
- eISBN:
- 9780199851256
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328943.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
This chapter is not intended to provide an exhaustive catalogue of professional performances of Gilbert and Sullivan since 1961, rather, it offers a decade-by-decade survey of the most significant ...
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This chapter is not intended to provide an exhaustive catalogue of professional performances of Gilbert and Sullivan since 1961, rather, it offers a decade-by-decade survey of the most significant productions and trends, not just in the United Kingdom and the United States but also in Australasia and Continental Europe. Competitors lost no time in challenging the D'Oyly Carte monopoly in the United Kingdom once the copyright restrictions ended. The complementary approaches of two companies, with Opera della Luna providing a postmodern minimalist and irreverent approach to G & S and Carl Rosa a lavish elegance and big operatic sound, have made the dawning of the 21st century an exciting time for professional G & S performance in Britain. Meanwhile, the year 2003 also saw the first known professional performance of a Savoy opera in central Asia when HMS Pinafore was staged in the opera theatre at Samarkand in Uzbekistan.Less
This chapter is not intended to provide an exhaustive catalogue of professional performances of Gilbert and Sullivan since 1961, rather, it offers a decade-by-decade survey of the most significant productions and trends, not just in the United Kingdom and the United States but also in Australasia and Continental Europe. Competitors lost no time in challenging the D'Oyly Carte monopoly in the United Kingdom once the copyright restrictions ended. The complementary approaches of two companies, with Opera della Luna providing a postmodern minimalist and irreverent approach to G & S and Carl Rosa a lavish elegance and big operatic sound, have made the dawning of the 21st century an exciting time for professional G & S performance in Britain. Meanwhile, the year 2003 also saw the first known professional performance of a Savoy opera in central Asia when HMS Pinafore was staged in the opera theatre at Samarkand in Uzbekistan.
Katya Assaf-Zakharov
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198826576
- eISBN:
- 9780191865503
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198826576.003.0019
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
Trademarks, or brands, are symbols whose initial purpose is providing information about the source of a product. Yet, with the course of time, high-end brands have developed into symbols providing ...
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Trademarks, or brands, are symbols whose initial purpose is providing information about the source of a product. Yet, with the course of time, high-end brands have developed into symbols providing information about their owner's status rather than about the sold goods. This phenomenon naturally attracts imitation and status cheating, offering new challenges to established trademark doctrines. This chapter outlines the different legal perceptions of imitation in the U.S. and Continental Europe, while placing these perceptions into broader cultural contexts. It then focuses on the U.S. legal view on imitation of trademarks that serve as status symbols, pointing out that this view is “non-traditional” in American context, in the sense that it is inconsistent with U.S. traditional cultural values.Less
Trademarks, or brands, are symbols whose initial purpose is providing information about the source of a product. Yet, with the course of time, high-end brands have developed into symbols providing information about their owner's status rather than about the sold goods. This phenomenon naturally attracts imitation and status cheating, offering new challenges to established trademark doctrines. This chapter outlines the different legal perceptions of imitation in the U.S. and Continental Europe, while placing these perceptions into broader cultural contexts. It then focuses on the U.S. legal view on imitation of trademarks that serve as status symbols, pointing out that this view is “non-traditional” in American context, in the sense that it is inconsistent with U.S. traditional cultural values.
Tony Atkinson
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861343956
- eISBN:
- 9781447304340
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861343956.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This chapter addresses one of the most important economic issues facing societies and the world as a whole: rising income inequality. It takes issue with two widely circulated assertions: that rising ...
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This chapter addresses one of the most important economic issues facing societies and the world as a whole: rising income inequality. It takes issue with two widely circulated assertions: that rising inequality is inevitable; and that the ‘Transatlantic Consensus’, or the proposition that increased inequality in the US and high unemployment in Continental Europe are due to a shift of demand away from unskilled workers towards skilled workers, is an acceptable explanation of that growth. The chapter shows how wage bargaining and income policies can influence the wages dispersion itself. It calls attention to the varying importance in different countries of redistributive policies, which have for many years exerted significant effects on the dispersion of after-tax incomes. Because economic growth has been uneven, the discussion argues that major lessons can be learnt from the variations in policy which caused that differential growth.Less
This chapter addresses one of the most important economic issues facing societies and the world as a whole: rising income inequality. It takes issue with two widely circulated assertions: that rising inequality is inevitable; and that the ‘Transatlantic Consensus’, or the proposition that increased inequality in the US and high unemployment in Continental Europe are due to a shift of demand away from unskilled workers towards skilled workers, is an acceptable explanation of that growth. The chapter shows how wage bargaining and income policies can influence the wages dispersion itself. It calls attention to the varying importance in different countries of redistributive policies, which have for many years exerted significant effects on the dispersion of after-tax incomes. Because economic growth has been uneven, the discussion argues that major lessons can be learnt from the variations in policy which caused that differential growth.
Jeroen Kortmann
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199280056
- eISBN:
- 9780191700101
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280056.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Law of Obligations
This chapter explores the theoretical arguments in favour of granting a remedy to the intervener in Continental Europe. One of the main arguments that have been used to justify the granting of a ...
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This chapter explores the theoretical arguments in favour of granting a remedy to the intervener in Continental Europe. One of the main arguments that have been used to justify the granting of a claim to the intervener has been that the law ought not to discourage interveners. Amongst English and American scholars, too, those who argue in favour of granting a remedy to the intervener usually invoke this policy argument. Under the present policy argument, it is assumed, potential good Samaritans are discouraged because their intervention might prove to be a costly affair if the beneficiary refuses to reimburse their expenses and compensate them for their losses. The solution, it is argued, is to introduce a right to be compensated for the loss incurred during the intervention — to ‘offset pre-legal countervailing disincentives’ — or even a right to a positive reward in order to actively encourage intervention.Less
This chapter explores the theoretical arguments in favour of granting a remedy to the intervener in Continental Europe. One of the main arguments that have been used to justify the granting of a claim to the intervener has been that the law ought not to discourage interveners. Amongst English and American scholars, too, those who argue in favour of granting a remedy to the intervener usually invoke this policy argument. Under the present policy argument, it is assumed, potential good Samaritans are discouraged because their intervention might prove to be a costly affair if the beneficiary refuses to reimburse their expenses and compensate them for their losses. The solution, it is argued, is to introduce a right to be compensated for the loss incurred during the intervention — to ‘offset pre-legal countervailing disincentives’ — or even a right to a positive reward in order to actively encourage intervention.
John M. Dixon
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801448034
- eISBN:
- 9781501703515
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801448034.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter examines the ideological, social, and political worlds of Cadwallader Colden and other intellectuals in early eighteenth-century New York. It begins by focusing on Robert Hunter, ...
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This chapter examines the ideological, social, and political worlds of Cadwallader Colden and other intellectuals in early eighteenth-century New York. It begins by focusing on Robert Hunter, governor of New York and New Jersey, and his correspondence with James Logan. It then considers Colden's move to Manhattan and how he became involved in New York's political and intellectual circles. In particular, it explains how William Burnet's patronage allowed Colden to gain the important offices of provincial surveyor general and councilor. It also looks at Colden's January 1720 letter to Hunter, which contained a historical and social justification for an overhaul of the medical profession along the lines of astronomy. Finally, it analyzes Colden's correspondence to Logan and Burnet's role in the dissemination of Newtonian mathematics around Continental Europe.Less
This chapter examines the ideological, social, and political worlds of Cadwallader Colden and other intellectuals in early eighteenth-century New York. It begins by focusing on Robert Hunter, governor of New York and New Jersey, and his correspondence with James Logan. It then considers Colden's move to Manhattan and how he became involved in New York's political and intellectual circles. In particular, it explains how William Burnet's patronage allowed Colden to gain the important offices of provincial surveyor general and councilor. It also looks at Colden's January 1720 letter to Hunter, which contained a historical and social justification for an overhaul of the medical profession along the lines of astronomy. Finally, it analyzes Colden's correspondence to Logan and Burnet's role in the dissemination of Newtonian mathematics around Continental Europe.
Matthew Lockwood
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780300217063
- eISBN:
- 9780300227864
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300217063.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The conclusion reiterates the centrality of the coroner system and its oversight in the monopolization of violence, state formation, and the growth of state power by creating and delineating new ...
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The conclusion reiterates the centrality of the coroner system and its oversight in the monopolization of violence, state formation, and the growth of state power by creating and delineating new definitions of legitimate and illegitimate violence. It also examines the resulting decline of extra-judicial violence—blood feud, vendetta etc.—and subsequent attempts by the English state to target and control non-lethal forms of non-state violence such as riot and assault. Finally, the conclusion offers some initial comparisons with continental Europe and suggests that the trends seen in England may have been mirrored by similar attempts to monopolize violence in the Holy Roman Empire.Less
The conclusion reiterates the centrality of the coroner system and its oversight in the monopolization of violence, state formation, and the growth of state power by creating and delineating new definitions of legitimate and illegitimate violence. It also examines the resulting decline of extra-judicial violence—blood feud, vendetta etc.—and subsequent attempts by the English state to target and control non-lethal forms of non-state violence such as riot and assault. Finally, the conclusion offers some initial comparisons with continental Europe and suggests that the trends seen in England may have been mirrored by similar attempts to monopolize violence in the Holy Roman Empire.
Ross McKibbin
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- April 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198834205
- eISBN:
- 9780191872365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198834205.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Historiography
The concluding chapter is divided into five sub-sections. That on the First World War argues that Britain’s experience of the war was comparatively benign, in so far as this was possible; a perhaps ...
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The concluding chapter is divided into five sub-sections. That on the First World War argues that Britain’s experience of the war was comparatively benign, in so far as this was possible; a perhaps surprising and counter-intuitive conclusion. I have used the study of Keynes’s attitude to the rentier to consider more widely the political economy of interwar Britain. The ‘Decay of Industrial Society’ looks at the political and social consequences of Britain’s decline as an industrial economy: a decline fundamental to Britain’s history after the Second World War. ‘A Whole Social System’ argues for the significance of sport not only as part of popular life but also as fully representative of the wider connections of Britain’s social and political life. Finally, in ‘What Kind of Democracy’, I suggest how these together helped shape the kind of democracy that emerged in Britain in the twentieth century.Less
The concluding chapter is divided into five sub-sections. That on the First World War argues that Britain’s experience of the war was comparatively benign, in so far as this was possible; a perhaps surprising and counter-intuitive conclusion. I have used the study of Keynes’s attitude to the rentier to consider more widely the political economy of interwar Britain. The ‘Decay of Industrial Society’ looks at the political and social consequences of Britain’s decline as an industrial economy: a decline fundamental to Britain’s history after the Second World War. ‘A Whole Social System’ argues for the significance of sport not only as part of popular life but also as fully representative of the wider connections of Britain’s social and political life. Finally, in ‘What Kind of Democracy’, I suggest how these together helped shape the kind of democracy that emerged in Britain in the twentieth century.
