Keith Grint
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198775003
- eISBN:
- 9780191695346
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198775003.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, HRM / IR
This book is designed for those who find current management orthodoxies inadequate, who are interested in alternative ideas and how they might be applied to management practice, but are not ...
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This book is designed for those who find current management orthodoxies inadequate, who are interested in alternative ideas and how they might be applied to management practice, but are not enthralled by the esoteric world of theoretical books about theory. This book offers a bridge between the ‘esoteric’ world of theory and the practical world of management by exploring and illustrating some current theories (Fuzzy Logic, Actor-Network Theory, Chaos Theory, Constructivism etc.) through discussion of some everyday management issues (strategic decision making, appraisals, negotiation, leadership, culture, and motivation).Less
This book is designed for those who find current management orthodoxies inadequate, who are interested in alternative ideas and how they might be applied to management practice, but are not enthralled by the esoteric world of theoretical books about theory. This book offers a bridge between the ‘esoteric’ world of theory and the practical world of management by exploring and illustrating some current theories (Fuzzy Logic, Actor-Network Theory, Chaos Theory, Constructivism etc.) through discussion of some everyday management issues (strategic decision making, appraisals, negotiation, leadership, culture, and motivation).
Barnaby Haran
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097225
- eISBN:
- 9781526109705
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097225.001.0001
- Subject:
- Art, Art History
Watching the red dawn charts the responses of the American avant-garde to the cultural works of its Soviet counterpart in period from the formation of the USSR in 1922 to recognition of this new ...
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Watching the red dawn charts the responses of the American avant-garde to the cultural works of its Soviet counterpart in period from the formation of the USSR in 1922 to recognition of this new communist nation by USA in 1933. In this period American artists, writers, and designers looked at the emerging Soviet Union with fascination, as they observed this epochal experiment in communism develop out of the chaos of the Russian Revolution and Civil War. They organised exhibitions of Soviet art and culture, reported on visits to Russia in books and articles, and produced works that were inspired by post-revolutionary culture. One of the most important innovations of Soviet culture was to collapse boundaries between disciplines, as part of a general aim to bring art into everyday life. Correspondingly, this book takes an interdisciplinary approach by looking at American avant-garde responses to Soviet culture across several media, including architecture, theatre, film, photography, and literature. As such, Watching the red dawn considers the putative area of ‘American Constructivism’ by examining the interconnected ways in which Constructivist works were influential upon American practices.Less
Watching the red dawn charts the responses of the American avant-garde to the cultural works of its Soviet counterpart in period from the formation of the USSR in 1922 to recognition of this new communist nation by USA in 1933. In this period American artists, writers, and designers looked at the emerging Soviet Union with fascination, as they observed this epochal experiment in communism develop out of the chaos of the Russian Revolution and Civil War. They organised exhibitions of Soviet art and culture, reported on visits to Russia in books and articles, and produced works that were inspired by post-revolutionary culture. One of the most important innovations of Soviet culture was to collapse boundaries between disciplines, as part of a general aim to bring art into everyday life. Correspondingly, this book takes an interdisciplinary approach by looking at American avant-garde responses to Soviet culture across several media, including architecture, theatre, film, photography, and literature. As such, Watching the red dawn considers the putative area of ‘American Constructivism’ by examining the interconnected ways in which Constructivist works were influential upon American practices.
David Webb
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748624218
- eISBN:
- 9780748684472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748624218.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
In The Order of Things, Foucault writes that the interest in formal languages opens up ‘the possibility, and the task, of applying a second critique of pure reason on the basis of new forms of the ...
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In The Order of Things, Foucault writes that the interest in formal languages opens up ‘the possibility, and the task, of applying a second critique of pure reason on the basis of new forms of the mathematical a priori’. My book argues that The Archaeology of Knowledge is intended to begin the work of such a critique, albeit one that is revealed as radically historical. This chapter traces the idea of a mathematical a priori back to Bachelard (who uses the expression) and Cavaillès.Less
In The Order of Things, Foucault writes that the interest in formal languages opens up ‘the possibility, and the task, of applying a second critique of pure reason on the basis of new forms of the mathematical a priori’. My book argues that The Archaeology of Knowledge is intended to begin the work of such a critique, albeit one that is revealed as radically historical. This chapter traces the idea of a mathematical a priori back to Bachelard (who uses the expression) and Cavaillès.
Ariel Colonomos
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190603649
- eISBN:
- 9780190638474
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190603649.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
The future is an idea about worlds to come. The world we live in is seen as more uncertain, and demand for predictions and forecasts about international politics is growing. This book explores the ...
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The future is an idea about worlds to come. The world we live in is seen as more uncertain, and demand for predictions and forecasts about international politics is growing. This book explores the political and epistemic status of future claims and their effects on contemporary international politics. It also develops a normative analysis of what future claims ought to be in a democratic society. It shows the importance of going beyond the two main sociological approaches to fully understand the political nature of future claims. This includes classical sociology, which is mostly focused on the hypothesis of the self-fulfilling nature of future claims and critical theory, emphasizing the arbitrariness of the social construction of the future and its accelerating effects. This book analyzes four paradoxes that characterize predictions and forecasts in international politics. Claims about the future are linear and trace continuity between the past, the present and the future; therefore they tend not to anticipate radical junctures. There is very limited pluralism in predictions and forecasts. They can slow down some processes while they stabilize beliefs and favor inaction. Future claims help create surprises when major changes happen.Less
The future is an idea about worlds to come. The world we live in is seen as more uncertain, and demand for predictions and forecasts about international politics is growing. This book explores the political and epistemic status of future claims and their effects on contemporary international politics. It also develops a normative analysis of what future claims ought to be in a democratic society. It shows the importance of going beyond the two main sociological approaches to fully understand the political nature of future claims. This includes classical sociology, which is mostly focused on the hypothesis of the self-fulfilling nature of future claims and critical theory, emphasizing the arbitrariness of the social construction of the future and its accelerating effects. This book analyzes four paradoxes that characterize predictions and forecasts in international politics. Claims about the future are linear and trace continuity between the past, the present and the future; therefore they tend not to anticipate radical junctures. There is very limited pluralism in predictions and forecasts. They can slow down some processes while they stabilize beliefs and favor inaction. Future claims help create surprises when major changes happen.
Aleksandra Shatskikh
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300140897
- eISBN:
- 9780300162295
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300140897.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter examines the origin of Russian painter Kazimir Malevich's Suprematism. It explains that Malevich first mentioned this term in a September 24, 1915 to a fellow artist and that it had its ...
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This chapter examines the origin of Russian painter Kazimir Malevich's Suprematism. It explains that Malevich first mentioned this term in a September 24, 1915 to a fellow artist and that it had its roots from the Latin word supremacia, which means superiority or dominance. The chapter discusses Suprematism's competition with Constructivism and highlights the embittered discussions about this art movement among the participating artists in the 0.10 futuristic painting exhibition in Petrograd.Less
This chapter examines the origin of Russian painter Kazimir Malevich's Suprematism. It explains that Malevich first mentioned this term in a September 24, 1915 to a fellow artist and that it had its roots from the Latin word supremacia, which means superiority or dominance. The chapter discusses Suprematism's competition with Constructivism and highlights the embittered discussions about this art movement among the participating artists in the 0.10 futuristic painting exhibition in Petrograd.
Anna Dahlgren
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526126641
- eISBN:
- 9781526139016
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526126641.003.0003
- Subject:
- Art, Art History
Chapter 2 considers the introduction of modernist aesthetics in Sweden in the early 1930s in the image communities of marketing and visual art. The main focus is the Stockholm Exhibition held in 1930 ...
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Chapter 2 considers the introduction of modernist aesthetics in Sweden in the early 1930s in the image communities of marketing and visual art. The main focus is the Stockholm Exhibition held in 1930 in which marketing and advertising played an integral part in the presentation of modern architecture, design and visual art. The exhibition area hosted the first large presentation of modernist visual art in Sweden and was simultanoeusly a decisive event for the introduction of modernist window displays. From the late 1920s and onwards window displays were clearly being influenced by avant-garde modernist art such as cubism, futurism and constructivism. This is evident in the designs themselves but it was also spelled out in professional journals and handbooks. In the commercial context pure marketing rationales and arguments were linked to the modernist aesthetic.The modernist design in window displays was not unique to Sweden around 1930. However, this is an instructive case as the reception of modernist images differed widely between the two image communities. Within marketing aesthetics the Stockholm exhibition marks the breakthrough for modernism. But simultaneously, the art field was very resistant to modernist aesthetics and the Art Concret exhibition proved to be a complete fiasco.Less
Chapter 2 considers the introduction of modernist aesthetics in Sweden in the early 1930s in the image communities of marketing and visual art. The main focus is the Stockholm Exhibition held in 1930 in which marketing and advertising played an integral part in the presentation of modern architecture, design and visual art. The exhibition area hosted the first large presentation of modernist visual art in Sweden and was simultanoeusly a decisive event for the introduction of modernist window displays. From the late 1920s and onwards window displays were clearly being influenced by avant-garde modernist art such as cubism, futurism and constructivism. This is evident in the designs themselves but it was also spelled out in professional journals and handbooks. In the commercial context pure marketing rationales and arguments were linked to the modernist aesthetic.The modernist design in window displays was not unique to Sweden around 1930. However, this is an instructive case as the reception of modernist images differed widely between the two image communities. Within marketing aesthetics the Stockholm exhibition marks the breakthrough for modernism. But simultaneously, the art field was very resistant to modernist aesthetics and the Art Concret exhibition proved to be a complete fiasco.
Barnaby Haran
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097225
- eISBN:
- 9781526109705
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097225.003.0001
- Subject:
- Art, Art History
This chapter sets up the book by considering another of introductory themes. ‘The red Atlantic’ involves an American-Russian transnationational interchange across several media in relation to the ...
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This chapter sets up the book by considering another of introductory themes. ‘The red Atlantic’ involves an American-Russian transnationational interchange across several media in relation to the aesthetic of the machine as a signifier of the influence of American technology on Soviet communism. For the Soviets, America represented the means to construct communism in the USSR, albeit without a capitalist economy. It asserts the need to think beyond the Franco-American paradigm as a means of figuring the emergent radical culture of the 1930s. The putative area of ‘American Constructivism’ mainly involved cultural interrelations of American communists and Soviet counterparts. Finally, there is a consideration of methodology including assessments of transnationalism, Interdisciplinarity, and the avant-garde.Less
This chapter sets up the book by considering another of introductory themes. ‘The red Atlantic’ involves an American-Russian transnationational interchange across several media in relation to the aesthetic of the machine as a signifier of the influence of American technology on Soviet communism. For the Soviets, America represented the means to construct communism in the USSR, albeit without a capitalist economy. It asserts the need to think beyond the Franco-American paradigm as a means of figuring the emergent radical culture of the 1930s. The putative area of ‘American Constructivism’ mainly involved cultural interrelations of American communists and Soviet counterparts. Finally, there is a consideration of methodology including assessments of transnationalism, Interdisciplinarity, and the avant-garde.
Barnaby Haran
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097225
- eISBN:
- 9781526109705
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097225.003.0002
- Subject:
- Art, Art History
This chapter considers the putative area of ‘American Constructivism’, a formation that did not have any organisational substance but existed as a number of respectively interconnected and discrete ...
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This chapter considers the putative area of ‘American Constructivism’, a formation that did not have any organisational substance but existed as a number of respectively interconnected and discrete tendencies. Two exhibitions organised by The Little Review—the International Theatre Exposition (1926) and the Machine-Age Exposition(1927)—contained the largest amount of Constructivist works on display in the USA in the interwar years, in the form of theatre and architectural designs. The chapter charts the emergence of Constructivism and its reception in America. For the most part, the introduction of Constructivism into the USA involved the depoliticisation of the original Soviet version. Whilst largely apolitical, the exhibitions organised by The Little Review were unique in terms of the organisers’ grasp of Constructivist discourses and techniques, being informed by the International Constructivism of De Stijl via Austrian émigré Frederick Kiesler. The Machine-Age Exposition was notable for its detailed presentation of Soviet architecture, and therefore the chapter includes an extensive analysis of debates around functionalism, culminating in a consideration of the development of the International Style at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.Less
This chapter considers the putative area of ‘American Constructivism’, a formation that did not have any organisational substance but existed as a number of respectively interconnected and discrete tendencies. Two exhibitions organised by The Little Review—the International Theatre Exposition (1926) and the Machine-Age Exposition(1927)—contained the largest amount of Constructivist works on display in the USA in the interwar years, in the form of theatre and architectural designs. The chapter charts the emergence of Constructivism and its reception in America. For the most part, the introduction of Constructivism into the USA involved the depoliticisation of the original Soviet version. Whilst largely apolitical, the exhibitions organised by The Little Review were unique in terms of the organisers’ grasp of Constructivist discourses and techniques, being informed by the International Constructivism of De Stijl via Austrian émigré Frederick Kiesler. The Machine-Age Exposition was notable for its detailed presentation of Soviet architecture, and therefore the chapter includes an extensive analysis of debates around functionalism, culminating in a consideration of the development of the International Style at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
Barnaby Haran
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097225
- eISBN:
- 9781526109705
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097225.003.0003
- Subject:
- Art, Art History
This chapter looks at the most substantial manifestation of ‘American Constructivism’, which took shape in the radical theatrical productions of the New Playwrights Theatre, a short-lived group that ...
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This chapter looks at the most substantial manifestation of ‘American Constructivism’, which took shape in the radical theatrical productions of the New Playwrights Theatre, a short-lived group that operated between 1926 and 1929. The NPT was closely affiliated with the communist cultural organ New Masses, and included the magazine’s most prominent editor, Mike Gold, amongst its number. The chapter charts the emergence of theatrical Constructivism in the USA, noting its origins in the radical and Expressionist theatrical culture associated with The Masses. The NPT differed from these earlier versions by emulating the machinolatry of Soviet Constructivism, drawing in particular from the experiments of Vsevolod Meyerhold. If Soviet Constructivism aimed to reach the masses, then the NPT mixed the machine aesthetic with specifically American phenomena such as Jazz, racial politics, and automobile production. However, unlike Russian theatrical productions the NPT betrayed a distinctly ambivalent attitude towards the machine, demonstrating residual Expressionist machinephobia. Arguably the most sophisticated writer of the NPT was John Dos Passos, whose concept of New Realism is considered in depth. Finally, the chapter includes a summation of the legacy of the NPT in the radical theatre of the 1930s.Less
This chapter looks at the most substantial manifestation of ‘American Constructivism’, which took shape in the radical theatrical productions of the New Playwrights Theatre, a short-lived group that operated between 1926 and 1929. The NPT was closely affiliated with the communist cultural organ New Masses, and included the magazine’s most prominent editor, Mike Gold, amongst its number. The chapter charts the emergence of theatrical Constructivism in the USA, noting its origins in the radical and Expressionist theatrical culture associated with The Masses. The NPT differed from these earlier versions by emulating the machinolatry of Soviet Constructivism, drawing in particular from the experiments of Vsevolod Meyerhold. If Soviet Constructivism aimed to reach the masses, then the NPT mixed the machine aesthetic with specifically American phenomena such as Jazz, racial politics, and automobile production. However, unlike Russian theatrical productions the NPT betrayed a distinctly ambivalent attitude towards the machine, demonstrating residual Expressionist machinephobia. Arguably the most sophisticated writer of the NPT was John Dos Passos, whose concept of New Realism is considered in depth. Finally, the chapter includes a summation of the legacy of the NPT in the radical theatre of the 1930s.
Christine Agius
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719071522
- eISBN:
- 9781781701263
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719071522.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Neutrality as a concept and practice has long been conceptualised in IR theory as problematic. Broadly seen as the tool of small and weak states with dubious moral credentials, a limited ...
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Neutrality as a concept and practice has long been conceptualised in IR theory as problematic. Broadly seen as the tool of small and weak states with dubious moral credentials, a limited understanding of neutrality has persisted from the Peloponnesian War to the ‘war on terror’. Furthermore, as globalisation and non-traditional security problems animate international politics, neutrality is seen as a policy of the past. This book argues that neutrality has been a neglected and misunderstood subject, limited to realist understandings of war and viable statecraft, and in doing so aims to uncover the normative strands of neutrality that mesh with identity, security and alternatives to the anarchic international order. Using Sweden as a case study, it explores the domestic roots of neutrality via a constructivist analysis, examining how neutrality is embedded in ideas of self, and part of a wider Social Democratic vision of active internationalism. Identity, however, is malleable and subject to change, and this analysis also considers the impact of globalisation and European integration, the end of bipolarity, and new security threats such as global terrorism on neutrality as an idea and a practice.Less
Neutrality as a concept and practice has long been conceptualised in IR theory as problematic. Broadly seen as the tool of small and weak states with dubious moral credentials, a limited understanding of neutrality has persisted from the Peloponnesian War to the ‘war on terror’. Furthermore, as globalisation and non-traditional security problems animate international politics, neutrality is seen as a policy of the past. This book argues that neutrality has been a neglected and misunderstood subject, limited to realist understandings of war and viable statecraft, and in doing so aims to uncover the normative strands of neutrality that mesh with identity, security and alternatives to the anarchic international order. Using Sweden as a case study, it explores the domestic roots of neutrality via a constructivist analysis, examining how neutrality is embedded in ideas of self, and part of a wider Social Democratic vision of active internationalism. Identity, however, is malleable and subject to change, and this analysis also considers the impact of globalisation and European integration, the end of bipolarity, and new security threats such as global terrorism on neutrality as an idea and a practice.
Rita Berry
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9789622099579
- eISBN:
- 9789882206649
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099579.003.0002
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
Chapter 1 discusses the key issues related to assessment. It explains what assessment is by detailing its meaning, distinguishing it from other assessment-related terms, clarifying its functions and ...
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Chapter 1 discusses the key issues related to assessment. It explains what assessment is by detailing its meaning, distinguishing it from other assessment-related terms, clarifying its functions and roles, and offering tips for ensuring the quality of assessment practices. To give teachers some background on the changing views of assessment over time, some influential learning theories are discussed, including behaviourism, constructivism, and cognitive science. These three major learning theories are linked with three different assessment approaches, which will be presented in detail in Chapter 3. Attention is then given to ten assessment guiding principles for teachers to follow while bringing the concepts of assessment for learning to classroom use.Less
Chapter 1 discusses the key issues related to assessment. It explains what assessment is by detailing its meaning, distinguishing it from other assessment-related terms, clarifying its functions and roles, and offering tips for ensuring the quality of assessment practices. To give teachers some background on the changing views of assessment over time, some influential learning theories are discussed, including behaviourism, constructivism, and cognitive science. These three major learning theories are linked with three different assessment approaches, which will be presented in detail in Chapter 3. Attention is then given to ten assessment guiding principles for teachers to follow while bringing the concepts of assessment for learning to classroom use.
Bernard Vere
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781784992507
- eISBN:
- 9781526136268
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784992507.003.0005
- Subject:
- Art, Visual Culture
Pierre de Coubertin was responsible for the founding of the modern Olympics. Its antique ideals were consecrated in a painting by his father, an artist of the French salon, who pictured modern ...
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Pierre de Coubertin was responsible for the founding of the modern Olympics. Its antique ideals were consecrated in a painting by his father, an artist of the French salon, who pictured modern sportsmen from Paris paying tribute to Athena. The fourth chapter analyses the most notorious visual artwork concerning the games, Leni Riefenstahl’s Olympia. Promoted as a documentary of the 1936 Berlin Olympics, but enjoying state patronage from the fascist regime, the status of this film is highly contested in the fields of history and film studies. Here, it is argued that the film evinces attitudes not incompatible with, although not reducible to, Coubertin’s own conflicted views on modernity. This is contrasted with László Moholy-Nagy’s abortive project to film the same games, before a consideration of Gustav Klucis’ constructivist designs for the Soviet response to the Olympics, the Spartakiada, and other constructivist engagements with sport in light of the Soviet emphasis on fizkultura (physical culture).Less
Pierre de Coubertin was responsible for the founding of the modern Olympics. Its antique ideals were consecrated in a painting by his father, an artist of the French salon, who pictured modern sportsmen from Paris paying tribute to Athena. The fourth chapter analyses the most notorious visual artwork concerning the games, Leni Riefenstahl’s Olympia. Promoted as a documentary of the 1936 Berlin Olympics, but enjoying state patronage from the fascist regime, the status of this film is highly contested in the fields of history and film studies. Here, it is argued that the film evinces attitudes not incompatible with, although not reducible to, Coubertin’s own conflicted views on modernity. This is contrasted with László Moholy-Nagy’s abortive project to film the same games, before a consideration of Gustav Klucis’ constructivist designs for the Soviet response to the Olympics, the Spartakiada, and other constructivist engagements with sport in light of the Soviet emphasis on fizkultura (physical culture).
Mia L. Bagneris
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526120458
- eISBN:
- 9781526132246
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526120458.003.0005
- Subject:
- Art, Art History
Taking a more theoretical approach, this chapter explores Brunias’s depiction of racially ambiguous bodies. It offers an in-depth investigation of the ways in which the subtext of the artist’s work ...
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Taking a more theoretical approach, this chapter explores Brunias’s depiction of racially ambiguous bodies. It offers an in-depth investigation of the ways in which the subtext of the artist’s work subtly undermined the fixed racial categories. Presaging constructionist theories of racial identity, these works point to the dilemmas of visualising ‘race’ in the Anglo-American world, gesturing toward ‘race’ as a category inextricably rooted in visual knowledge yet incapable of being sustained by it.Less
Taking a more theoretical approach, this chapter explores Brunias’s depiction of racially ambiguous bodies. It offers an in-depth investigation of the ways in which the subtext of the artist’s work subtly undermined the fixed racial categories. Presaging constructionist theories of racial identity, these works point to the dilemmas of visualising ‘race’ in the Anglo-American world, gesturing toward ‘race’ as a category inextricably rooted in visual knowledge yet incapable of being sustained by it.
David Webb
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748624218
- eISBN:
- 9780748684472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748624218.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
For Bachelard, science is not the direct formalisation of experience, but the modification of the conditions of existing experience. The laws that give form even to phenomena as they present ...
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For Bachelard, science is not the direct formalisation of experience, but the modification of the conditions of existing experience. The laws that give form even to phenomena as they present themselves at a given moment (so leaving aside future innovations in science) are therefore not to be drawn from empirical experience. Instead, one has to look for rational laws found at the level of what Bachelard calls a ‘noumenology’. significantly, he calls these laws the ‘mathematical a priori’, a phrase that Foucault will later use towards the end of The Order of Things in recommending a new critical philosophy. What Bachelard took from mathematical science and passed on to others, including Foucault, is that what for Kant were transcendental conditions for the possibility of experience, and for the forms of judgement appropriate to it, have been removed from consciousness and laid out in the practice of mathematics. The chapter then outlines Bachelard's conception of temporal discontinuity (a form of temporal atomism modified by what he called the arithmetisation of time), which will also be important for understanding the sense of temporal dispersion Foucault deploys in The Archaeology of Knowledge.Less
For Bachelard, science is not the direct formalisation of experience, but the modification of the conditions of existing experience. The laws that give form even to phenomena as they present themselves at a given moment (so leaving aside future innovations in science) are therefore not to be drawn from empirical experience. Instead, one has to look for rational laws found at the level of what Bachelard calls a ‘noumenology’. significantly, he calls these laws the ‘mathematical a priori’, a phrase that Foucault will later use towards the end of The Order of Things in recommending a new critical philosophy. What Bachelard took from mathematical science and passed on to others, including Foucault, is that what for Kant were transcendental conditions for the possibility of experience, and for the forms of judgement appropriate to it, have been removed from consciousness and laid out in the practice of mathematics. The chapter then outlines Bachelard's conception of temporal discontinuity (a form of temporal atomism modified by what he called the arithmetisation of time), which will also be important for understanding the sense of temporal dispersion Foucault deploys in The Archaeology of Knowledge.
Jody L. Kerchner
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199967612
- eISBN:
- 9780199369881
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199967612.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition, Performing Practice/Studies
The chapter examines those factors that influence, either directly or indirectly, student learning in music classrooms and rehearsal spaces. Specifically,the notion of “teacher as empathetic leader” ...
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The chapter examines those factors that influence, either directly or indirectly, student learning in music classrooms and rehearsal spaces. Specifically,the notion of “teacher as empathetic leader” prompts readers to identify and reflect on teacher attitudes and behaviors that can motivate and facilitate the teaching of music listening and those that hinder or prohibit hands-on, active, and creative music listening and learning experiences. The chapter offerssuggestions foreffective verbal and nonverbal communications between teacher and students, and examines presentational styles, teacher/student role(s), feedback, questioning tactics, teacher observations, and teacher leadership styles. Undergirding the philosophy and pedagogyarethe theories of constructivism and discovery learning. Suggestions for student-centered music listening experiences are presented.Less
The chapter examines those factors that influence, either directly or indirectly, student learning in music classrooms and rehearsal spaces. Specifically,the notion of “teacher as empathetic leader” prompts readers to identify and reflect on teacher attitudes and behaviors that can motivate and facilitate the teaching of music listening and those that hinder or prohibit hands-on, active, and creative music listening and learning experiences. The chapter offerssuggestions foreffective verbal and nonverbal communications between teacher and students, and examines presentational styles, teacher/student role(s), feedback, questioning tactics, teacher observations, and teacher leadership styles. Undergirding the philosophy and pedagogyarethe theories of constructivism and discovery learning. Suggestions for student-centered music listening experiences are presented.
Christine Agius
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719071522
- eISBN:
- 9781781701263
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719071522.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter aims to reconsider the legacy of neutrality outlined in the previous chapter. With the end of the Cold War and the demise of bipolarity, the rationale for neutrality seemingly ...
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This chapter aims to reconsider the legacy of neutrality outlined in the previous chapter. With the end of the Cold War and the demise of bipolarity, the rationale for neutrality seemingly disappeared. However, neutrality persisted, despite expectations that it would no longer be a viable security policy option. This opened up intellectual space to question the limits of realist explanations in this context. By linking neutrality to identity via a constructivist approach, it is possible to explore how ‘neutrality is what states make of it’ rather than an isolationist, exogenously-determined security policy choice. Viewing neutrality through constructivism furthermore challenges some of the rationalist assumptions that have defined neutrality as a largely self-interested policy, uncovering the possibilities for understanding neutrality as a form of active internationalism.Less
This chapter aims to reconsider the legacy of neutrality outlined in the previous chapter. With the end of the Cold War and the demise of bipolarity, the rationale for neutrality seemingly disappeared. However, neutrality persisted, despite expectations that it would no longer be a viable security policy option. This opened up intellectual space to question the limits of realist explanations in this context. By linking neutrality to identity via a constructivist approach, it is possible to explore how ‘neutrality is what states make of it’ rather than an isolationist, exogenously-determined security policy choice. Viewing neutrality through constructivism furthermore challenges some of the rationalist assumptions that have defined neutrality as a largely self-interested policy, uncovering the possibilities for understanding neutrality as a form of active internationalism.
Stephen Noakes
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526119476
- eISBN:
- 9781526132413
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526119476.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter establishes a framework for understanding how transnational activist networks interact with China’s government. It consists of two main parts. The first explores what each of three IR ...
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This chapter establishes a framework for understanding how transnational activist networks interact with China’s government. It consists of two main parts. The first explores what each of three IR paradigms—one realist, one liberal, one constructivist—have to say about when and why activists are effective in changing state policy. The second half derives from each paradigm a cluster of variables. These variable cluster structure, and are tested in, the book’s empirical chapters.Less
This chapter establishes a framework for understanding how transnational activist networks interact with China’s government. It consists of two main parts. The first explores what each of three IR paradigms—one realist, one liberal, one constructivist—have to say about when and why activists are effective in changing state policy. The second half derives from each paradigm a cluster of variables. These variable cluster structure, and are tested in, the book’s empirical chapters.
Luke Glanville
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226076898
- eISBN:
- 9780226077086
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226077086.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter lays a conceptual foundation for the examination of the historical development of the relationship between sovereignty and responsibility that follows it. It examines how sovereignty has ...
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This chapter lays a conceptual foundation for the examination of the historical development of the relationship between sovereignty and responsibility that follows it. It examines how sovereignty has been understood in International Relations theory and argues, in contrast to some theorists, that sovereignty is not an objective and unchanging principle, but something that demands conceptual and historical inquiry. It defends a constructivist understanding of sovereignty which emphasizes its historically contingent and contested nature against the argument of Krasner about sovereignty which acknowledges historical deviations from the conventional story but refuses to allow that the meaning of sovereignty may have changed over time. The chapter then outlines a framework for conceptualizing the social and historical construction of sovereignty that enables us to understand the development of its relationship with notions of responsibility.Less
This chapter lays a conceptual foundation for the examination of the historical development of the relationship between sovereignty and responsibility that follows it. It examines how sovereignty has been understood in International Relations theory and argues, in contrast to some theorists, that sovereignty is not an objective and unchanging principle, but something that demands conceptual and historical inquiry. It defends a constructivist understanding of sovereignty which emphasizes its historically contingent and contested nature against the argument of Krasner about sovereignty which acknowledges historical deviations from the conventional story but refuses to allow that the meaning of sovereignty may have changed over time. The chapter then outlines a framework for conceptualizing the social and historical construction of sovereignty that enables us to understand the development of its relationship with notions of responsibility.
Douglas J. Den Uyl and Douglas B. Rasmussen
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474413343
- eISBN:
- 9781474422406
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474413343.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter contrasts individualistic perfectionism with constructivism. Each section of this chapter considers a version of constructivism as developed by a prominent contemporary thinker: (1) ...
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This chapter contrasts individualistic perfectionism with constructivism. Each section of this chapter considers a version of constructivism as developed by a prominent contemporary thinker: (1) Deontologist—Stephen Darwall; and (2) Virtue ethicist—Mark LeBar. Though each of these thinkers is considered in some detail, it is noted that they share a common assumption that constitutes the chief appeal of constructivism. This assumption is that we must be authors of our own moral universe in order to preserve the reality of human agency or self-direction. But it is argued that a commitment to the reality of human agency or self-direction does not require the adoption of a constructivist point of view—be it conceived in terms of the second-person perspective or the judgments of practical reason—and that it is possible for human agency or self-direction to be real and nonetheless have a natural telos or ergon. The truth or falsity of a normative judgment can be grounded in reality apart from moral thought without destroying human freedom.
Less
This chapter contrasts individualistic perfectionism with constructivism. Each section of this chapter considers a version of constructivism as developed by a prominent contemporary thinker: (1) Deontologist—Stephen Darwall; and (2) Virtue ethicist—Mark LeBar. Though each of these thinkers is considered in some detail, it is noted that they share a common assumption that constitutes the chief appeal of constructivism. This assumption is that we must be authors of our own moral universe in order to preserve the reality of human agency or self-direction. But it is argued that a commitment to the reality of human agency or self-direction does not require the adoption of a constructivist point of view—be it conceived in terms of the second-person perspective or the judgments of practical reason—and that it is possible for human agency or self-direction to be real and nonetheless have a natural telos or ergon. The truth or falsity of a normative judgment can be grounded in reality apart from moral thought without destroying human freedom.
Alexander Spencer
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780719095290
- eISBN:
- 9781526115287
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719095290.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Chapter one outlines in detail a method of narrative analysis which is to be employed in the following three empirical chapters on pirates, rebels and PMSCs. It begins by reflecting on the concept of ...
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Chapter one outlines in detail a method of narrative analysis which is to be employed in the following three empirical chapters on pirates, rebels and PMSCs. It begins by reflecting on the concept of narrative in Literary Studies and Narratology and outlines some of the key elements which distinguish a narrative from other forms of representation. This includes the notion of a setting in which the story unfolds, the characterization of actors in the story and the idea of temporal and most importantly causal emplotment which elaborates on how events, settings, and characters are connected to each other. The chapter then imbeds the narrative elements of setting, characterization and emplotment into key constructivist theoretical foundations including the social construction of reality (setting), the constitution of identity (characterization) and the co-constitution of agents and structure (emplotment). The final part of the chapter turns to the genre of romance and, from the existing literature on romanticism, indicates some of the narrative elements of a typically romantic story, including an exotic and emotional setting, a brave, heroic yet human character and an adventure emploted as a struggle for an ideal in an asymmetrical conflict against a more powerful and unjust order.Less
Chapter one outlines in detail a method of narrative analysis which is to be employed in the following three empirical chapters on pirates, rebels and PMSCs. It begins by reflecting on the concept of narrative in Literary Studies and Narratology and outlines some of the key elements which distinguish a narrative from other forms of representation. This includes the notion of a setting in which the story unfolds, the characterization of actors in the story and the idea of temporal and most importantly causal emplotment which elaborates on how events, settings, and characters are connected to each other. The chapter then imbeds the narrative elements of setting, characterization and emplotment into key constructivist theoretical foundations including the social construction of reality (setting), the constitution of identity (characterization) and the co-constitution of agents and structure (emplotment). The final part of the chapter turns to the genre of romance and, from the existing literature on romanticism, indicates some of the narrative elements of a typically romantic story, including an exotic and emotional setting, a brave, heroic yet human character and an adventure emploted as a struggle for an ideal in an asymmetrical conflict against a more powerful and unjust order.
