Tim Mulgan
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199282203
- eISBN:
- 9780191603624
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019928220X.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This book develops a new theory of the obligations to future generations, based on a new Rule Consequentialist account of the morality of individual reproduction. The result is a coherent, ...
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This book develops a new theory of the obligations to future generations, based on a new Rule Consequentialist account of the morality of individual reproduction. The result is a coherent, intuitively plausible moral theory that is not unreasonably demanding — even when extended to cover future people — and that accounts for a wide range of independently plausible intuitions covering individual morality, intergenerational justice, and international justice. In particular, it is superior to its two main rivals in this area: person-affecting theories and traditional Consequentialism. The former fall foul of Parfit’s Non-Identity Problem, while the latter are invariably implausibly demanding. Furthermore, many puzzles in contemporary value theory (such as Parfit’s Repugnant Conclusion) are best solved if strict Consequentialism is abandoned for a more moderate alternative. The heart of the book is the first systematic exploration of the Rule Consequentialist account of the morality of individual reproduction. This yields a strong commitment to reproductive freedom, and also provides the best foundation for a liberal theory of intergenerational and international justice. The final chapters argue that while it will include a Rule Consequentialist account of the morality of reproduction, the best overall moral theory is likely to be a composite one, such as the Combined Consequentialism the author developed in The Demands of Consequentialism.Less
This book develops a new theory of the obligations to future generations, based on a new Rule Consequentialist account of the morality of individual reproduction. The result is a coherent, intuitively plausible moral theory that is not unreasonably demanding — even when extended to cover future people — and that accounts for a wide range of independently plausible intuitions covering individual morality, intergenerational justice, and international justice. In particular, it is superior to its two main rivals in this area: person-affecting theories and traditional Consequentialism. The former fall foul of Parfit’s Non-Identity Problem, while the latter are invariably implausibly demanding. Furthermore, many puzzles in contemporary value theory (such as Parfit’s Repugnant Conclusion) are best solved if strict Consequentialism is abandoned for a more moderate alternative. The heart of the book is the first systematic exploration of the Rule Consequentialist account of the morality of individual reproduction. This yields a strong commitment to reproductive freedom, and also provides the best foundation for a liberal theory of intergenerational and international justice. The final chapters argue that while it will include a Rule Consequentialist account of the morality of reproduction, the best overall moral theory is likely to be a composite one, such as the Combined Consequentialism the author developed in The Demands of Consequentialism.
Partha Dasgupta
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198288350
- eISBN:
- 9780191596094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198288352.003.0020
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The main part of this chapter discusses normative considerations on population and savings. It has five sections. The first discusses parental concerns on the well‐being of their children in relation ...
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The main part of this chapter discusses normative considerations on population and savings. It has five sections. The first discusses parental concerns on the well‐being of their children in relation to savings. The second discusses the Genesis Problem (which in its purest form asks how many lives there should be, enjoying what standards), and the Repugnant Conclusion (which, in Parfit's formulation states that ‘For any population of at least ten billion people, all with a very high quality of life, there must be some larger imaginable population whose existence,if other things are equal, would be better, even though its members have lives that are barely worth living). Section (3) questions whether the Repugnant Conclusion is repugnant when applied to comparisons of well‐being in the Genesis Problem, and section 4 argues that the Genesis Problem is irrelevant in real life, which addresses actual problems. Section (5) looks at population ethics. An extra and separate section (designated Chapter *13) gives theoretical presentations on classical utilitarianism in a limited world.Less
The main part of this chapter discusses normative considerations on population and savings. It has five sections. The first discusses parental concerns on the well‐being of their children in relation to savings. The second discusses the Genesis Problem (which in its purest form asks how many lives there should be, enjoying what standards), and the Repugnant Conclusion (which, in Parfit's formulation states that ‘For any population of at least ten billion people, all with a very high quality of life, there must be some larger imaginable population whose existence,if other things are equal, would be better, even though its members have lives that are barely worth living). Section (3) questions whether the Repugnant Conclusion is repugnant when applied to comparisons of well‐being in the Genesis Problem, and section 4 argues that the Genesis Problem is irrelevant in real life, which addresses actual problems. Section (5) looks at population ethics. An extra and separate section (designated Chapter *13) gives theoretical presentations on classical utilitarianism in a limited world.
Tim Mulgan
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199282203
- eISBN:
- 9780191603624
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019928220X.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter rejects the common assumption that we can construct a theory of value in isolation from our theory of right action on the grounds that our strongest moral convictions concern the ...
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This chapter rejects the common assumption that we can construct a theory of value in isolation from our theory of right action on the grounds that our strongest moral convictions concern the morality of actions rather than the values of possible worlds. Moderate Consequentialism (which does not always oblige us to produce the best available outcome) can separate judgements of value from judgements of right action. This flexibility enables us to dissolve familiar puzzles without abandoning standard Consequentialist value theory. For instance, to solve Parfit’s Repugnant Conclusion, a lexical view is defended using both Kantian and Consequentialist arguments. This chapter begins with a sketch of the theory of well-being required by moderate Consequentialism. Its primary focus will be on theories of aggregation: accounts of the relationship between the value of an outcome and the values of the individual lives it contains.Less
This chapter rejects the common assumption that we can construct a theory of value in isolation from our theory of right action on the grounds that our strongest moral convictions concern the morality of actions rather than the values of possible worlds. Moderate Consequentialism (which does not always oblige us to produce the best available outcome) can separate judgements of value from judgements of right action. This flexibility enables us to dissolve familiar puzzles without abandoning standard Consequentialist value theory. For instance, to solve Parfit’s Repugnant Conclusion, a lexical view is defended using both Kantian and Consequentialist arguments. This chapter begins with a sketch of the theory of well-being required by moderate Consequentialism. Its primary focus will be on theories of aggregation: accounts of the relationship between the value of an outcome and the values of the individual lives it contains.
Partha Dasgupta
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198288350
- eISBN:
- 9780191596094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198288352.003.0019
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The main part of this chapter discusses normative considerations on population and savings. It has five sections. The first discusses parental concerns on the well‐being of their children in relation ...
More
The main part of this chapter discusses normative considerations on population and savings. It has five sections. The first discusses parental concerns on the well‐being of their children in relation to savings. The second discusses the Genesis Problem (which in its purest form asks how many lives there should be, enjoying what standards), and the Repugnant Conclusion (which, in Parfit's formulation states that ‘For any population of at least ten billion people, all with a very high quality of life, there must be some larger imaginable population whose existence, if other things are equal, would be better, even though its members have lives that are barely worth living). Section (3) questions whether the Repugnant Conclusion is repugnant when applied to comparisons of well‐being in the Genesis Problem, and section 4 argues that the Genesis Problem is irrelevant in real life, which addresses actual problems. Section (5) looks at population ethics. An extra and separate section (designated Chapter *13) gives theoretical presentations on classical utilitarianism in a limited world.Less
The main part of this chapter discusses normative considerations on population and savings. It has five sections. The first discusses parental concerns on the well‐being of their children in relation to savings. The second discusses the Genesis Problem (which in its purest form asks how many lives there should be, enjoying what standards), and the Repugnant Conclusion (which, in Parfit's formulation states that ‘For any population of at least ten billion people, all with a very high quality of life, there must be some larger imaginable population whose existence, if other things are equal, would be better, even though its members have lives that are barely worth living). Section (3) questions whether the Repugnant Conclusion is repugnant when applied to comparisons of well‐being in the Genesis Problem, and section 4 argues that the Genesis Problem is irrelevant in real life, which addresses actual problems. Section (5) looks at population ethics. An extra and separate section (designated Chapter *13) gives theoretical presentations on classical utilitarianism in a limited world.
Liam Burke
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628462036
- eISBN:
- 9781626745193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628462036.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, Comics Studies
This final section summarizes the key points raised in the book, while anticipating the future of the comic book movie.
This final section summarizes the key points raised in the book, while anticipating the future of the comic book movie.
Philip Tallon
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199778935
- eISBN:
- 9780199919109
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199778935.003.0020
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This section briefly revisits the key arguments made in earlier chapters and argues that aesthetics can contribute meaningfully and helpfully to the task of theodicy.
This section briefly revisits the key arguments made in earlier chapters and argues that aesthetics can contribute meaningfully and helpfully to the task of theodicy.
Tamson Pietsch
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719085024
- eISBN:
- 9781781705889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719085024.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
The conclusion draws together the key arguments in the book. Pointing to the at once expansive, intimate, and exclusionary nature of the British academic world, it suggests that, framed and ...
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The conclusion draws together the key arguments in the book. Pointing to the at once expansive, intimate, and exclusionary nature of the British academic world, it suggests that, framed and facilitated by the structures of empire and made my affections and connections that cut up the vast reaches of the globe, it was one of the many limited worlds that characterized late nineteenth and early twentieth-century globalization.Less
The conclusion draws together the key arguments in the book. Pointing to the at once expansive, intimate, and exclusionary nature of the British academic world, it suggests that, framed and facilitated by the structures of empire and made my affections and connections that cut up the vast reaches of the globe, it was one of the many limited worlds that characterized late nineteenth and early twentieth-century globalization.
F. M. Kamm
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195144024
- eISBN:
- 9780199870998
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195144023.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Returns to a problem first raised in Ch. 8, namely, reconciling the existence of prerogatives not to maximize overall good (allowing for some such acts to be supererogatory) with restrictions on the ...
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Returns to a problem first raised in Ch. 8, namely, reconciling the existence of prerogatives not to maximize overall good (allowing for some such acts to be supererogatory) with restrictions on the pursuit of one's personal good. This problem becomes especially pressing since, despite the earlier emphasis on the existence of restrictions to pursuing the greater good, it is sometimes the case that greater good may permissibly take precedence over restrictions, for example, negative and positive duties (obligations) or rights; if personal good may take precedence over greater good (allowing some acts for greater good to be supererogatory), and these supererogatory acts may take precedence over restrictions, why may not personal good take precedence over restrictions — why does transitivity fail here? An attempt is made to prove each premise in this argument separately, and the associated objections and duties are presented. The third section of the chapter considers whether the intransitivity arises only because different factors account for precedence relations in each step of the argument, or whether the results obtained in the first two sections of the chapter are more general, and, indeed, another instance of the Principle of Contextual Interaction; consideration is also given to whether the intransitivities discussed share the cycling property characteristic of other intransitivities. Concludes by applying these results to a further discussion of those who never allow duty to be subordinated to supererogation, to Scheffler's Hybrid Theory, and to Parfit's problem of the Repugnant Conclusion.Less
Returns to a problem first raised in Ch. 8, namely, reconciling the existence of prerogatives not to maximize overall good (allowing for some such acts to be supererogatory) with restrictions on the pursuit of one's personal good. This problem becomes especially pressing since, despite the earlier emphasis on the existence of restrictions to pursuing the greater good, it is sometimes the case that greater good may permissibly take precedence over restrictions, for example, negative and positive duties (obligations) or rights; if personal good may take precedence over greater good (allowing some acts for greater good to be supererogatory), and these supererogatory acts may take precedence over restrictions, why may not personal good take precedence over restrictions — why does transitivity fail here? An attempt is made to prove each premise in this argument separately, and the associated objections and duties are presented. The third section of the chapter considers whether the intransitivity arises only because different factors account for precedence relations in each step of the argument, or whether the results obtained in the first two sections of the chapter are more general, and, indeed, another instance of the Principle of Contextual Interaction; consideration is also given to whether the intransitivities discussed share the cycling property characteristic of other intransitivities. Concludes by applying these results to a further discussion of those who never allow duty to be subordinated to supererogation, to Scheffler's Hybrid Theory, and to Parfit's problem of the Repugnant Conclusion.
Paul Kennedy
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719074134
- eISBN:
- 9781781706220
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719074134.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Chapter 11 draws the book to a close with an overall conclusion. It considers the lessons to be learned from the PSOE's experience in office and opposition and the difficulties experienced by social ...
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Chapter 11 draws the book to a close with an overall conclusion. It considers the lessons to be learned from the PSOE's experience in office and opposition and the difficulties experienced by social democratic parties since the start of the economic and financial crisis in 2008. The chapter is brought to a close with a consideration of the PSOE's prospects under the leadership of Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba.Less
Chapter 11 draws the book to a close with an overall conclusion. It considers the lessons to be learned from the PSOE's experience in office and opposition and the difficulties experienced by social democratic parties since the start of the economic and financial crisis in 2008. The chapter is brought to a close with a consideration of the PSOE's prospects under the leadership of Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba.
Thanh V. Tran and Keith T. Chan
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190888510
- eISBN:
- 9780190888527
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190888510.003.0008
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice, Communities and Organizations
We conclude the book in this chapter, and discuss a summary of chapters, limitations and future directions. Defining culture is a complex task, and we provided practical guides for social work ...
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We conclude the book in this chapter, and discuss a summary of chapters, limitations and future directions. Defining culture is a complex task, and we provided practical guides for social work students and researchers to make cross-cultural comparisons in their research. We began this book with a discussion on culture and its relation to social work. We then outlined the process of data management and the use of descriptive statistic techniques to describe differences among cultural groups. We demonstrated and illustrated the application of cross cultural comparisons using linear regression, logistic regression, structural equation modeling (SEM), hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), and geomap visualizations. We concluded with a discussion on limitations and our hope for future directions in cross-cultural research in the social work discipline.Less
We conclude the book in this chapter, and discuss a summary of chapters, limitations and future directions. Defining culture is a complex task, and we provided practical guides for social work students and researchers to make cross-cultural comparisons in their research. We began this book with a discussion on culture and its relation to social work. We then outlined the process of data management and the use of descriptive statistic techniques to describe differences among cultural groups. We demonstrated and illustrated the application of cross cultural comparisons using linear regression, logistic regression, structural equation modeling (SEM), hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), and geomap visualizations. We concluded with a discussion on limitations and our hope for future directions in cross-cultural research in the social work discipline.
Jan Bryant
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474456944
- eISBN:
- 9781474476867
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474456944.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
A small selection of works was presented in Part III as examples to show how artists are operating in the contested spaces of the political aesthetic today. Consistent with the historical materialist ...
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A small selection of works was presented in Part III as examples to show how artists are operating in the contested spaces of the political aesthetic today. Consistent with the historical materialist intentions of the book, there was no presumption that this small group of works stood in for universal claims about contemporary practices. Embedded in each of the selected artists’ works is a renewed concern for the way a manipulation of materials and their effect on the senses is connected to a wider politics. In Ranciére’s terms, the representation of a political subject belies the very eidos of the political aesthetic. However, ‘representation’ is a problem in another way. The rejection of work that represents the other comes from an ethical demand to consider the impact art has on the world, how it might contribute positively to a community’s well-being. The artworks and films featured here were developed for this particular historical moment, and despite their differing ways they share a common theme: the critical revaluation of forms of power – particularly those emanating from patriarchal structures or judgements – through material methods of making. [184]Less
A small selection of works was presented in Part III as examples to show how artists are operating in the contested spaces of the political aesthetic today. Consistent with the historical materialist intentions of the book, there was no presumption that this small group of works stood in for universal claims about contemporary practices. Embedded in each of the selected artists’ works is a renewed concern for the way a manipulation of materials and their effect on the senses is connected to a wider politics. In Ranciére’s terms, the representation of a political subject belies the very eidos of the political aesthetic. However, ‘representation’ is a problem in another way. The rejection of work that represents the other comes from an ethical demand to consider the impact art has on the world, how it might contribute positively to a community’s well-being. The artworks and films featured here were developed for this particular historical moment, and despite their differing ways they share a common theme: the critical revaluation of forms of power – particularly those emanating from patriarchal structures or judgements – through material methods of making. [184]
Greg Thomas
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781789620269
- eISBN:
- 9781789629538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789620269.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
Having considered concrete poetry in England and Scotland largely in relation to global trends, in the final chapter this text turns its attention to the binding characteristics of concrete poetry in ...
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Having considered concrete poetry in England and Scotland largely in relation to global trends, in the final chapter this text turns its attention to the binding characteristics of concrete poetry in those two nations. What unique features can be picked out which allow us to speak of ‘concrete poetry in England and Scotland’ as a distinct and coherent phenomenon? The argument is presented that, while concrete poetry in its initial, international guises often represented a response to modernist design aesthetics and semiotic theory, for poets in England and Scotland it was more likely to be placed in creative proximity to Anglo-American modernist poetry. In this sense, concrete poetry in England and Scotland can be considered one aspect of what Eric Mottram called ‘The British Poetry Revival’, that period during the 1950s-70s when a range of British poets began to reincorporate modernist forms and themes into their work. This occurred partly in response to a range of shifting social and economic circumstances, including the emergence of a global imaginative culture through the development of international markets, the space race, and the nuclear arms race of the post-war period, and the emergence of state-funded artistic and literary culture within Britain.Less
Having considered concrete poetry in England and Scotland largely in relation to global trends, in the final chapter this text turns its attention to the binding characteristics of concrete poetry in those two nations. What unique features can be picked out which allow us to speak of ‘concrete poetry in England and Scotland’ as a distinct and coherent phenomenon? The argument is presented that, while concrete poetry in its initial, international guises often represented a response to modernist design aesthetics and semiotic theory, for poets in England and Scotland it was more likely to be placed in creative proximity to Anglo-American modernist poetry. In this sense, concrete poetry in England and Scotland can be considered one aspect of what Eric Mottram called ‘The British Poetry Revival’, that period during the 1950s-70s when a range of British poets began to reincorporate modernist forms and themes into their work. This occurred partly in response to a range of shifting social and economic circumstances, including the emergence of a global imaginative culture through the development of international markets, the space race, and the nuclear arms race of the post-war period, and the emergence of state-funded artistic and literary culture within Britain.
Jeff McMahan, Tim Campbell, James Goodrich, and Ketan Ramakrishnan (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2022
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780192894250
- eISBN:
- 9780191915314
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780192894250.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, Political Philosophy
Derek Parfit, who died in 2017, is widely believed to have been the best moral philosopher in well over a century. The twenty new essays in this book were written in his honour and have all been ...
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Derek Parfit, who died in 2017, is widely believed to have been the best moral philosopher in well over a century. The twenty new essays in this book were written in his honour and have all been inspired by his work—in particular, his work in an area of moral philosophy known as ‘population ethics’, which is concerned with moral issues raised by causing people to exist. Until Parfit began writing about these issues in the 1970s, there was almost no discussion of them in the entire history of philosophy. But his monumental book Reasons and Persons (OUP, 1984) revealed that population ethics abounds in deep and intractable problems and paradoxes that not only challenge all the major moral theories but also threaten to undermine many important common-sense moral beliefs. It is no exaggeration to say that there is a broad range of practical moral issues that cannot be adequately understood until fundamental problems in population ethics are resolved. These issues include abortion, prenatal injury, preconception and prenatal screening for disability, genetic enhancement and eugenics generally, meat eating, climate change, reparations for historical injustice, the threat of human extinction, and even proportionality in war. Although the essays in this book address foundational problems in population ethics that were discovered and first discussed by Parfit, they are not, for the most part, commentaries on his work but instead build on that work in advancing our understanding of the problems themselves. The contributors include many of the most important and influential writers in this burgeoning area of philosophy.Less
Derek Parfit, who died in 2017, is widely believed to have been the best moral philosopher in well over a century. The twenty new essays in this book were written in his honour and have all been inspired by his work—in particular, his work in an area of moral philosophy known as ‘population ethics’, which is concerned with moral issues raised by causing people to exist. Until Parfit began writing about these issues in the 1970s, there was almost no discussion of them in the entire history of philosophy. But his monumental book Reasons and Persons (OUP, 1984) revealed that population ethics abounds in deep and intractable problems and paradoxes that not only challenge all the major moral theories but also threaten to undermine many important common-sense moral beliefs. It is no exaggeration to say that there is a broad range of practical moral issues that cannot be adequately understood until fundamental problems in population ethics are resolved. These issues include abortion, prenatal injury, preconception and prenatal screening for disability, genetic enhancement and eugenics generally, meat eating, climate change, reparations for historical injustice, the threat of human extinction, and even proportionality in war. Although the essays in this book address foundational problems in population ethics that were discovered and first discussed by Parfit, they are not, for the most part, commentaries on his work but instead build on that work in advancing our understanding of the problems themselves. The contributors include many of the most important and influential writers in this burgeoning area of philosophy.
Paul Stephenson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190209063
- eISBN:
- 9780190209087
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190209063.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, History of Art: pre-history, BCE to 500CE, ancient and classical, Byzantine, Archaeology: Classical
A summary of main findings.
A summary of main findings.
Jane McAdam
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199203062
- eISBN:
- 9780191724169
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199203062.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This book considers the legal obligations countries have to people who do not meet the legal definition of a ‘refugee’, but who have been forcibly displaced from their homes. This is known as ...
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This book considers the legal obligations countries have to people who do not meet the legal definition of a ‘refugee’, but who have been forcibly displaced from their homes. This is known as ‘complementary protection’, because it complements the central international instrument in this area, the 1951 Refugee Convention. Chapter 1 identifies pre-1951 examples of complementary protection, demonstrating how the content of the status afforded to extended categories of refugees was historically the same as that granted to ‘legal’ refugees. It traces unsuccessful attempts at the international and European levels to codify a system of complementary protection, prior to the EU's adoption of the Qualification Directive in 2004 and international support for an ExCom Conclusion in 2005. The Qualification Directive, examined in Chapter 2, represents the first supranational codification of complementary protection, but is hampered by a hierarchical conceptualization of protection that grants a lesser status to beneficiaries of ‘subsidiary protection’ vis-à-vis Convention refugees. Chapters 3 to 5 examine a number of human rights treaties (CAT, ECHR, ICCPR, and CRC) to identify provisions that may give rise to a claim for international protection. Chapter 6 illustrates why all persons protected by the principle of non-refoulement should be entitled to the same legal status as refugees, demonstrating the Refugee Convention's role in providing a rights blueprint for beneficiaries of complementary protection.Less
This book considers the legal obligations countries have to people who do not meet the legal definition of a ‘refugee’, but who have been forcibly displaced from their homes. This is known as ‘complementary protection’, because it complements the central international instrument in this area, the 1951 Refugee Convention. Chapter 1 identifies pre-1951 examples of complementary protection, demonstrating how the content of the status afforded to extended categories of refugees was historically the same as that granted to ‘legal’ refugees. It traces unsuccessful attempts at the international and European levels to codify a system of complementary protection, prior to the EU's adoption of the Qualification Directive in 2004 and international support for an ExCom Conclusion in 2005. The Qualification Directive, examined in Chapter 2, represents the first supranational codification of complementary protection, but is hampered by a hierarchical conceptualization of protection that grants a lesser status to beneficiaries of ‘subsidiary protection’ vis-à-vis Convention refugees. Chapters 3 to 5 examine a number of human rights treaties (CAT, ECHR, ICCPR, and CRC) to identify provisions that may give rise to a claim for international protection. Chapter 6 illustrates why all persons protected by the principle of non-refoulement should be entitled to the same legal status as refugees, demonstrating the Refugee Convention's role in providing a rights blueprint for beneficiaries of complementary protection.
Heather Burnett
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198724797
- eISBN:
- 9780191792298
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198724797.003.0008
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Semantics and Pragmatics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter summarizes the main empirical and theoretical claims made by this work and draws some final conclusions on the nature of vagueness and scalarity in natural language. The book argues for ...
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This chapter summarizes the main empirical and theoretical claims made by this work and draws some final conclusions on the nature of vagueness and scalarity in natural language. The book argues for a number of proposals concerning vagueness, context sensitivity, and the semantics and pragmatics of (non-)scalar adjectives. An analysis of these patterns within the Delineation TCS framework is given and it is shown that, from this analysis, the correct scalarity and scale structure patterns associated with the different classes of adjectives are predicted. In addition, the DelTCS analysis of adjectival context sensitivity, vagueness, and scale structure is applied to account for similar patterns displayed by determiner phrases within a mereological extension of DelTCS. It is concluded that (M)-DelTCS constitutes a well-defined and general framework for analyzing multiple aspects of the meaning of simple and syntactically complex linguistic expressions in the adjectival domain and beyond.Less
This chapter summarizes the main empirical and theoretical claims made by this work and draws some final conclusions on the nature of vagueness and scalarity in natural language. The book argues for a number of proposals concerning vagueness, context sensitivity, and the semantics and pragmatics of (non-)scalar adjectives. An analysis of these patterns within the Delineation TCS framework is given and it is shown that, from this analysis, the correct scalarity and scale structure patterns associated with the different classes of adjectives are predicted. In addition, the DelTCS analysis of adjectival context sensitivity, vagueness, and scale structure is applied to account for similar patterns displayed by determiner phrases within a mereological extension of DelTCS. It is concluded that (M)-DelTCS constitutes a well-defined and general framework for analyzing multiple aspects of the meaning of simple and syntactically complex linguistic expressions in the adjectival domain and beyond.
Seth Bernard
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190878788
- eISBN:
- 9780190878818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190878788.003.0008
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter recapitulates the arguments of the previous chapters, while also emphasizing an overarching narrative of economic change. The book’s separate studies argue collectively for the ...
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This chapter recapitulates the arguments of the previous chapters, while also emphasizing an overarching narrative of economic change. The book’s separate studies argue collectively for the Mid-Republic as the moment of significant change in Rome’s urban economy. Many of the structures of labor and the ways of organizing production that characterized the later Republican and Imperial city may be seen to emerge at this time. The question of what may have driven such economic change is also considered.Less
This chapter recapitulates the arguments of the previous chapters, while also emphasizing an overarching narrative of economic change. The book’s separate studies argue collectively for the Mid-Republic as the moment of significant change in Rome’s urban economy. Many of the structures of labor and the ways of organizing production that characterized the later Republican and Imperial city may be seen to emerge at this time. The question of what may have driven such economic change is also considered.
Christine Cornea
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748624652
- eISBN:
- 9780748671106
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748624652.003.0003
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter describes a range of films that appeared in the 1960s. It then addresses the ‘new art’ films that appeared in the late 1960s throughout the 1970s. The 1960s was a time when science ...
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This chapter describes a range of films that appeared in the 1960s. It then addresses the ‘new art’ films that appeared in the late 1960s throughout the 1970s. The 1960s was a time when science fiction and science fact became remarkably intertwined, sometimes blurred, particularly within the context of an American national preoccupation with the story of the Space Race. The first ‘golden age’ of the science fiction film is frequently placed in the 1950s, with a second ‘golden age’ typically dated from the late 1970s and early 1980s. An interest in drugs became a defining feature of the ‘new art’ science fiction films. Examples of the American ‘new art’ science fiction films are then considered. The chapter also investigates a couple of British films, Zardoz and The Quatermass Conclusion. These British films also show the counter-culture as a feminine threat. An interview with Director Ken Russell is finally presented.Less
This chapter describes a range of films that appeared in the 1960s. It then addresses the ‘new art’ films that appeared in the late 1960s throughout the 1970s. The 1960s was a time when science fiction and science fact became remarkably intertwined, sometimes blurred, particularly within the context of an American national preoccupation with the story of the Space Race. The first ‘golden age’ of the science fiction film is frequently placed in the 1950s, with a second ‘golden age’ typically dated from the late 1970s and early 1980s. An interest in drugs became a defining feature of the ‘new art’ science fiction films. Examples of the American ‘new art’ science fiction films are then considered. The chapter also investigates a couple of British films, Zardoz and The Quatermass Conclusion. These British films also show the counter-culture as a feminine threat. An interview with Director Ken Russell is finally presented.
Nish Acharya
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- June 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199467235
- eISBN:
- 9780199086740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199467235.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Political Economy
This chapter summarizes and reiterates the key stages of growth in the US–India relationship and provides the results of the leadership survey.
This chapter summarizes and reiterates the key stages of growth in the US–India relationship and provides the results of the leadership survey.
Paul Murgatroyd
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781786940698
- eISBN:
- 9781786945068
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781786940698.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter provides the Latin test and a literal translation into English of the conclusion to Juvenal’s tenth satire and a detailed critical appreciation of those lines (346-366), paying ...
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This chapter provides the Latin test and a literal translation into English of the conclusion to Juvenal’s tenth satire and a detailed critical appreciation of those lines (346-366), paying particular attention to poetic aspects such as sound, rhythm, style, diction, imagery, vividness and narrative technique, and also assessing humour, wit, irony and the force and validity of the satirical thrusts. This lively conclusion contains a series of surprises and takes the whole issue of prayer a lot further. The poet now progresses to what we CAN pray for (listing various things), but he also undermines prayer by saying that we should leave it to the gods themselves to give us what is best for us, by claiming that we can secure blessings ourselves without recourse to deities, and even calling into question the whole idea of divinity in the final lines.Less
This chapter provides the Latin test and a literal translation into English of the conclusion to Juvenal’s tenth satire and a detailed critical appreciation of those lines (346-366), paying particular attention to poetic aspects such as sound, rhythm, style, diction, imagery, vividness and narrative technique, and also assessing humour, wit, irony and the force and validity of the satirical thrusts. This lively conclusion contains a series of surprises and takes the whole issue of prayer a lot further. The poet now progresses to what we CAN pray for (listing various things), but he also undermines prayer by saying that we should leave it to the gods themselves to give us what is best for us, by claiming that we can secure blessings ourselves without recourse to deities, and even calling into question the whole idea of divinity in the final lines.
