John Prest
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201755
- eISBN:
- 9780191675003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201755.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter is concerned with private bill legislation in the towns of Newport, West Cowes, and Ryde in the Isle of Wight. It focuses on the three Acts for Newport (1786), West Cowes (1816), and ...
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This chapter is concerned with private bill legislation in the towns of Newport, West Cowes, and Ryde in the Isle of Wight. It focuses on the three Acts for Newport (1786), West Cowes (1816), and Ryde (1829), where the county Highway Commissioners maintained the roads but not the pavements, and the Town Commissioners exercised jurisdiction over behaviour in the streets. The Acts were intended to repress hooliganism, the breaking of windows, and the discharge of fireworks, and popular sports, like bull-baiting, throwing at cocks, and even bowling hoops and football. They were also intended to remove artisans and labourers into workshops and yards where they would be out of sight, and to drive street vendors of all kinds into formally organised markets, where they would cease to obstruct the highway and could be regulated and taxed.Less
This chapter is concerned with private bill legislation in the towns of Newport, West Cowes, and Ryde in the Isle of Wight. It focuses on the three Acts for Newport (1786), West Cowes (1816), and Ryde (1829), where the county Highway Commissioners maintained the roads but not the pavements, and the Town Commissioners exercised jurisdiction over behaviour in the streets. The Acts were intended to repress hooliganism, the breaking of windows, and the discharge of fireworks, and popular sports, like bull-baiting, throwing at cocks, and even bowling hoops and football. They were also intended to remove artisans and labourers into workshops and yards where they would be out of sight, and to drive street vendors of all kinds into formally organised markets, where they would cease to obstruct the highway and could be regulated and taxed.
Gil Loescher
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199246915
- eISBN:
- 9780191599781
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199246912.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was created over 50 years ago to be a human rights and advocacy organization. But governments also created the agency to promote regional ...
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The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was created over 50 years ago to be a human rights and advocacy organization. But governments also created the agency to promote regional and international stability and to serve the interest of states. Consequently, the UNHCR has always trod a perilous path between its mandate to protect refugees and asylum seekers and the demands placed upon it by states to be a relevant actor in international relations. A key focus is to examine the extent to which the evolution of the UNHCR has been framed by the crucial events of international politics and international security during the past half century and how, in turn, the actions of the first eight High Commissioners have helped shape the course of world history. A central objective is to analyse the development of national and international refugee policies and actions, placing these within the broader contexts of the changing global political and security environments in the Cold War and post–Cold War eras. One of the core findings is that UNHCR has over‐stretched itself in recent decades and has strayed from its central human rights protection role.Less
The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was created over 50 years ago to be a human rights and advocacy organization. But governments also created the agency to promote regional and international stability and to serve the interest of states. Consequently, the UNHCR has always trod a perilous path between its mandate to protect refugees and asylum seekers and the demands placed upon it by states to be a relevant actor in international relations. A key focus is to examine the extent to which the evolution of the UNHCR has been framed by the crucial events of international politics and international security during the past half century and how, in turn, the actions of the first eight High Commissioners have helped shape the course of world history. A central objective is to analyse the development of national and international refugee policies and actions, placing these within the broader contexts of the changing global political and security environments in the Cold War and post–Cold War eras. One of the core findings is that UNHCR has over‐stretched itself in recent decades and has strayed from its central human rights protection role.
Emily Conroy-Krutz
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801453533
- eISBN:
- 9781501701047
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801453533.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
In 1812, eight American missionaries, under the direction of the recently formed American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, sailed from the United States to South Asia. The reason for the ...
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In 1812, eight American missionaries, under the direction of the recently formed American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, sailed from the United States to South Asia. The reason for the voyage was to take part in the Protestant conversion of the entire world. Over the next several decades, these men and women were joined by hundreds more American missionaries at stations all over the globe. This book shows the surprising extent of the early missionary impulse and demonstrates that American evangelical Protestants of the early nineteenth century were motivated by Christian imperialism—an understanding of international relations that asserted the duty of supposedly Christian nations, such as the United States and Britain, to use their colonial and commercial power to spread Christianity. In describing how American missionaries interacted with a range of foreign locations and imperial contexts, the book provides a new perspective on how Americans thought of their country's role in the world. While in the early republican period many were engaged in territorial expansion in the west, missionary supporters looked east and across the seas toward Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. This history of the mission movement reveals that strong Anglo-American and global connections persisted through the early republic. Considering Britain and its empire to be models for their work, the missionaries of the American Board attempted to convert the globe into the image of Anglo-American civilization.Less
In 1812, eight American missionaries, under the direction of the recently formed American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, sailed from the United States to South Asia. The reason for the voyage was to take part in the Protestant conversion of the entire world. Over the next several decades, these men and women were joined by hundreds more American missionaries at stations all over the globe. This book shows the surprising extent of the early missionary impulse and demonstrates that American evangelical Protestants of the early nineteenth century were motivated by Christian imperialism—an understanding of international relations that asserted the duty of supposedly Christian nations, such as the United States and Britain, to use their colonial and commercial power to spread Christianity. In describing how American missionaries interacted with a range of foreign locations and imperial contexts, the book provides a new perspective on how Americans thought of their country's role in the world. While in the early republican period many were engaged in territorial expansion in the west, missionary supporters looked east and across the seas toward Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. This history of the mission movement reveals that strong Anglo-American and global connections persisted through the early republic. Considering Britain and its empire to be models for their work, the missionaries of the American Board attempted to convert the globe into the image of Anglo-American civilization.
John Prest
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201755
- eISBN:
- 9780191675003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201755.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter discusses the adoption of the Public Health Act of 1848 and the Local Government Act of 1858 in Ryde. In 1847, when parliament was getting to grips with the problem of town improvement ...
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This chapter discusses the adoption of the Public Health Act of 1848 and the Local Government Act of 1858 in Ryde. In 1847, when parliament was getting to grips with the problem of town improvement and public health, the Ryde Commissioners were obliged to obtain a second Act, which released them from the obligation to pay off one-twentieth of all the money they had borrowed every year. But the Act did nothing to change the composition of the Commissioners. In Ryde, there was a strong feeling that the nonrepresentative system ought to be changed to allow the smaller ratepayers and occupiers a voice in the government of their own. The passage of the Public Health Act of 1848 allowed this feeling an expression. The public health party came to terms with the Commissioners that the local Act would incorporate all the important clauses of the Public Health Act of 1848, including the election of Commissioners. In October 1859, the Ryde Commissioners also adopted the Local Government Act of 1858 to increase their powers of borrowing.Less
This chapter discusses the adoption of the Public Health Act of 1848 and the Local Government Act of 1858 in Ryde. In 1847, when parliament was getting to grips with the problem of town improvement and public health, the Ryde Commissioners were obliged to obtain a second Act, which released them from the obligation to pay off one-twentieth of all the money they had borrowed every year. But the Act did nothing to change the composition of the Commissioners. In Ryde, there was a strong feeling that the nonrepresentative system ought to be changed to allow the smaller ratepayers and occupiers a voice in the government of their own. The passage of the Public Health Act of 1848 allowed this feeling an expression. The public health party came to terms with the Commissioners that the local Act would incorporate all the important clauses of the Public Health Act of 1848, including the election of Commissioners. In October 1859, the Ryde Commissioners also adopted the Local Government Act of 1858 to increase their powers of borrowing.
Patrick Collinson
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198222989
- eISBN:
- 9780191678554
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198222989.003.0031
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Religion
London was an open city for puritan extremists. Agent's provocateurs haunted the booksellers' stalls in St Paul's churchyard, engaging the clergy who came to buy books in conversation, and pretending ...
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London was an open city for puritan extremists. Agent's provocateurs haunted the booksellers' stalls in St Paul's churchyard, engaging the clergy who came to buy books in conversation, and pretending sympathy for the cause. In March 1589 the High Commissioners directed an injunction to every parish in the diocese of London, forbidding the entertainment of irregular preachers. This was to be read publicly in church and a copy entered in the churchwardens' book of accounts, extending an earlier order which had banned certain preachers by name from all pulpits in the city: among them Thomas Barber, George Gifford, and Thomas Carrew and many more. At Cambridge, the Commissioners ejected two puritans from the University for preaching objectionable sermons, after Cuthbert Bainbrigg and Francis Johnson, had offered a notable resistance to the procedure of the court in tendering the oath ex officio mero.Less
London was an open city for puritan extremists. Agent's provocateurs haunted the booksellers' stalls in St Paul's churchyard, engaging the clergy who came to buy books in conversation, and pretending sympathy for the cause. In March 1589 the High Commissioners directed an injunction to every parish in the diocese of London, forbidding the entertainment of irregular preachers. This was to be read publicly in church and a copy entered in the churchwardens' book of accounts, extending an earlier order which had banned certain preachers by name from all pulpits in the city: among them Thomas Barber, George Gifford, and Thomas Carrew and many more. At Cambridge, the Commissioners ejected two puritans from the University for preaching objectionable sermons, after Cuthbert Bainbrigg and Francis Johnson, had offered a notable resistance to the procedure of the court in tendering the oath ex officio mero.
Bernard Capp
- Published in print:
- 1989
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201151
- eISBN:
- 9780191674822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201151.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter describes the remodelling of the navy's leadership after Charles I's execution. It highlights the appointment of ‘Regulators’ who joined the Navy Commissioners in investigating all ...
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This chapter describes the remodelling of the navy's leadership after Charles I's execution. It highlights the appointment of ‘Regulators’ who joined the Navy Commissioners in investigating all branches of naval administration, as well as the officer corps, to examine the political reliability, honesty, and efficiency of all concerned. It also describes the ‘New Model’, devised by the Regulators, in which a small syndicate of merchants were authorized to remove any officials they considered politically unsound or inefficient. Anyone involved in the previous attempts to secure a personal treaty was automatically barred by a clause in the ‘Regulating Act’.Less
This chapter describes the remodelling of the navy's leadership after Charles I's execution. It highlights the appointment of ‘Regulators’ who joined the Navy Commissioners in investigating all branches of naval administration, as well as the officer corps, to examine the political reliability, honesty, and efficiency of all concerned. It also describes the ‘New Model’, devised by the Regulators, in which a small syndicate of merchants were authorized to remove any officials they considered politically unsound or inefficient. Anyone involved in the previous attempts to secure a personal treaty was automatically barred by a clause in the ‘Regulating Act’.
Bernard Capp
- Published in print:
- 1989
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201151
- eISBN:
- 9780191674822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201151.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter describes religion in the navy, focusing on the growth of Puritans among the officer corps. Many of the leaders of the new officer corps created after 1649 were men of strong and radical ...
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This chapter describes religion in the navy, focusing on the growth of Puritans among the officer corps. Many of the leaders of the new officer corps created after 1649 were men of strong and radical religious outlook. At the very highest level, two of the first three Generals at Sea, Blake and Deane, were firm Puritans. Puritanism in the fleet had parallels in the administration ashore. Religious radicals were prominent among the Admiralty Commissioners appointed. Senior appointments in the navy reflected the wishes of the flag-officers and Admiralty Commissioners, who naturally favoured men with views akin to their own. Between 1649 and the end of 1653, religious commitment was a very important criterion in selection officers.Less
This chapter describes religion in the navy, focusing on the growth of Puritans among the officer corps. Many of the leaders of the new officer corps created after 1649 were men of strong and radical religious outlook. At the very highest level, two of the first three Generals at Sea, Blake and Deane, were firm Puritans. Puritanism in the fleet had parallels in the administration ashore. Religious radicals were prominent among the Admiralty Commissioners appointed. Senior appointments in the navy reflected the wishes of the flag-officers and Admiralty Commissioners, who naturally favoured men with views akin to their own. Between 1649 and the end of 1653, religious commitment was a very important criterion in selection officers.
John Prest
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201755
- eISBN:
- 9780191675003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201755.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter discusses the adoption of private Bill legislation in Huddersfield. In the first half of the 19th century there was only one locality in the Huddersfield district which made use of the ...
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This chapter discusses the adoption of private Bill legislation in Huddersfield. In the first half of the 19th century there was only one locality in the Huddersfield district which made use of the private Bill legislation for the purposes of town improvement, and that was Huddersfield itself. In 1820, the leading citizens promoted a local Act to enable them to light, watch, and clean the town. The Commissioners were empowered to provide lamps and to contract for gas to light them. The Huddersfield Improvement Act of 1848 repealed the Act of 1820 and established a new body of Commissioners who were given powers over lighting, watching, paving, cleansing, sewering, draining, watering, and regulating and improving of all streets and other places. They were also given power to regulate offensive trades, and under the Towns Improvement Clauses Act, they were authorised to lay down by-laws for the control of lodging-houses.Less
This chapter discusses the adoption of private Bill legislation in Huddersfield. In the first half of the 19th century there was only one locality in the Huddersfield district which made use of the private Bill legislation for the purposes of town improvement, and that was Huddersfield itself. In 1820, the leading citizens promoted a local Act to enable them to light, watch, and clean the town. The Commissioners were empowered to provide lamps and to contract for gas to light them. The Huddersfield Improvement Act of 1848 repealed the Act of 1820 and established a new body of Commissioners who were given powers over lighting, watching, paving, cleansing, sewering, draining, watering, and regulating and improving of all streets and other places. They were also given power to regulate offensive trades, and under the Towns Improvement Clauses Act, they were authorised to lay down by-laws for the control of lodging-houses.
John Prest
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201755
- eISBN:
- 9780191675003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201755.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter discusses some of the activities of the Improvement Commissioners in Huddersfield between 1848 and 1854. The Commissioners possessed powers to control common lodging-houses, but the ...
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This chapter discusses some of the activities of the Improvement Commissioners in Huddersfield between 1848 and 1854. The Commissioners possessed powers to control common lodging-houses, but the difficulties they experienced in doing so led them to consider going further and to adopt Ashley's Labouring Classes Lodging Houses Act of 1851, and to build or buy a model lodging-house of their own. In November, they took the plunge and adopted the 1851 Act. In the twentieth century, Huddersfield's historians have tended to esteem the model lodging-house as the jewel in the Commissioners' crown.Less
This chapter discusses some of the activities of the Improvement Commissioners in Huddersfield between 1848 and 1854. The Commissioners possessed powers to control common lodging-houses, but the difficulties they experienced in doing so led them to consider going further and to adopt Ashley's Labouring Classes Lodging Houses Act of 1851, and to build or buy a model lodging-house of their own. In November, they took the plunge and adopted the 1851 Act. In the twentieth century, Huddersfield's historians have tended to esteem the model lodging-house as the jewel in the Commissioners' crown.
Kenneth McK Norrie
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781845861193
- eISBN:
- 9781474406246
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781845861193.003.0037
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child requires state parties to submit a report every five years on how they are fulfilling their obligations, and the UK Children's Commissioners jointly ...
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The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child requires state parties to submit a report every five years on how they are fulfilling their obligations, and the UK Children's Commissioners jointly produced a separate report to the UN Committee explaining how, in their view, the UK still fails in its obligations. This commentary discusses that report from 2008, drawing attention in particular to the continued low age of criminal responsibility, the minimal protections against discrimination afforded children, and the continued legality of corporal punishment of children.Less
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child requires state parties to submit a report every five years on how they are fulfilling their obligations, and the UK Children's Commissioners jointly produced a separate report to the UN Committee explaining how, in their view, the UK still fails in its obligations. This commentary discusses that report from 2008, drawing attention in particular to the continued low age of criminal responsibility, the minimal protections against discrimination afforded children, and the continued legality of corporal punishment of children.
Sonja Tiernan
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781526145994
- eISBN:
- 9781526152145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7765/9781526146007.00011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter focuses on the first legal case to pursue recognition of a same-sex marriage. The case was launched by Irish citizens Katherine Zappone and Ann Louise Gilligan, who were married in ...
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This chapter focuses on the first legal case to pursue recognition of a same-sex marriage. The case was launched by Irish citizens Katherine Zappone and Ann Louise Gilligan, who were married in British Columbia after the legislation was implemented there. This section details how this case moved from a request to the Revenue Commissioners to be assessed as a married couple to a High Court case.Less
This chapter focuses on the first legal case to pursue recognition of a same-sex marriage. The case was launched by Irish citizens Katherine Zappone and Ann Louise Gilligan, who were married in British Columbia after the legislation was implemented there. This section details how this case moved from a request to the Revenue Commissioners to be assessed as a married couple to a High Court case.
Alison Body
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781447346432
- eISBN:
- 9781447345572
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447346432.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Following a decade of radical change in policy and funding in children’s early intervention services and with the role of the third sector under increased scrutiny, this timely book assesses the ...
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Following a decade of radical change in policy and funding in children’s early intervention services and with the role of the third sector under increased scrutiny, this timely book assesses the shifting interplay between state provision and voluntary organisations delivering interventions for children, young people and their families.
Using one-hundred voices from charities and their partners on the frontline, this book provides vivid accounts of the lived experiences of charitable groups, offering key insights into the impact of recent social policy decisions on their work. Telling the story of how the landscape of children’s early intervention services has changed over the last decade, it provides crucial lessons for future policy whilst demonstrating the immeasurable value of voluntary organisations working in this challenging terrain.Less
Following a decade of radical change in policy and funding in children’s early intervention services and with the role of the third sector under increased scrutiny, this timely book assesses the shifting interplay between state provision and voluntary organisations delivering interventions for children, young people and their families.
Using one-hundred voices from charities and their partners on the frontline, this book provides vivid accounts of the lived experiences of charitable groups, offering key insights into the impact of recent social policy decisions on their work. Telling the story of how the landscape of children’s early intervention services has changed over the last decade, it provides crucial lessons for future policy whilst demonstrating the immeasurable value of voluntary organisations working in this challenging terrain.
James H. Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520267718
- eISBN:
- 9780520948624
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520267718.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
For the officials who monitored apparel in Venice, the changes in dress that ushered in the mask were part of a movement that constituted the greatest threat to the public identity of nobles. This ...
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For the officials who monitored apparel in Venice, the changes in dress that ushered in the mask were part of a movement that constituted the greatest threat to the public identity of nobles. This transformation was driven by the nobles themselves, who, over the last third of the seventeenth century, exchanged the venerable toga for the tabarò. These changes were met by objections from the Commissioners of Display spurred by certain fears and concerns. The integration of masks to the apparel of the Venetians marked the start of a series of internal political and social crises that would continue for more than a century from which the patricians would not recover. This chapter discusses the emergence of masks as part of the apparel and costumes of the Venetians, particularly of the nobles. While the nobles saw the masks as means of protecting rank through manufactured distance, in saving face, in producing a common etiquette necessary for transactions, the donning of masks was without peril. The donning of masks paved the way for the suspension of social distinctions as non-nobles also wore masks. While differences continued to separate the elites from the commoners, such as differences in fortune, heritage, property, prestige, and acess to power, the donning of masks leveled the playing field for nobles and the non-nobles. Masks smoothed the relations among unequals and eventually paved for equality.Less
For the officials who monitored apparel in Venice, the changes in dress that ushered in the mask were part of a movement that constituted the greatest threat to the public identity of nobles. This transformation was driven by the nobles themselves, who, over the last third of the seventeenth century, exchanged the venerable toga for the tabarò. These changes were met by objections from the Commissioners of Display spurred by certain fears and concerns. The integration of masks to the apparel of the Venetians marked the start of a series of internal political and social crises that would continue for more than a century from which the patricians would not recover. This chapter discusses the emergence of masks as part of the apparel and costumes of the Venetians, particularly of the nobles. While the nobles saw the masks as means of protecting rank through manufactured distance, in saving face, in producing a common etiquette necessary for transactions, the donning of masks was without peril. The donning of masks paved the way for the suspension of social distinctions as non-nobles also wore masks. While differences continued to separate the elites from the commoners, such as differences in fortune, heritage, property, prestige, and acess to power, the donning of masks leveled the playing field for nobles and the non-nobles. Masks smoothed the relations among unequals and eventually paved for equality.
Eric Helland and Jonathan Klick
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300175219
- eISBN:
- 9780300195071
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300175219.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines state litigation levels and proxies for regulatory activity. It explores the substitution hypothesis and examines the relationship between litigation and regulation as it ...
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This chapter examines state litigation levels and proxies for regulatory activity. It explores the substitution hypothesis and examines the relationship between litigation and regulation as it relates to the insurance industry. Data from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners concerning the regulatory environment in each state is used in the analysis. This chapter argues that regulation and litigation look more like complements: more of one, more of the other.Less
This chapter examines state litigation levels and proxies for regulatory activity. It explores the substitution hypothesis and examines the relationship between litigation and regulation as it relates to the insurance industry. Data from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners concerning the regulatory environment in each state is used in the analysis. This chapter argues that regulation and litigation look more like complements: more of one, more of the other.
Terence Daintith and Alan Page
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198268703
- eISBN:
- 9780191683558
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198268703.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter discusses staffing, the men and women who make up the personnel or human resources of departments and agencies of the executive branch. It concentrates on the internal regulation of the ...
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This chapter discusses staffing, the men and women who make up the personnel or human resources of departments and agencies of the executive branch. It concentrates on the internal regulation of the civil service, with particular reference to the values of permanence, loyalty, honesty and integrity, impartiality, and selection (and promotion) on merit. It begins by recalling the legal basis of the regulation of the service. Then, it looks at who is involved in the contemporary regulation of the civil service, and in particular at the division of responsibility between the centre in the shape of the Cabinet Office and the Office of the Civil Service Commissioners, on the one hand, and departments and agencies, on the other. Next, it examines the central requirements that apply in respect of the recruitment of staff, before looking at the requirements that apply in respect of the conduct of civil servants (and of ministers in their dealings with civil servants).Less
This chapter discusses staffing, the men and women who make up the personnel or human resources of departments and agencies of the executive branch. It concentrates on the internal regulation of the civil service, with particular reference to the values of permanence, loyalty, honesty and integrity, impartiality, and selection (and promotion) on merit. It begins by recalling the legal basis of the regulation of the service. Then, it looks at who is involved in the contemporary regulation of the civil service, and in particular at the division of responsibility between the centre in the shape of the Cabinet Office and the Office of the Civil Service Commissioners, on the one hand, and departments and agencies, on the other. Next, it examines the central requirements that apply in respect of the recruitment of staff, before looking at the requirements that apply in respect of the conduct of civil servants (and of ministers in their dealings with civil servants).
David J. A. Cairns
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198262848
- eISBN:
- 9780191682414
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198262848.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter considers the enactment and the implementation of the Prisoners' Counsel Act. The first two sections of this chapter outline the course of the debate and introduce the Criminal Law ...
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This chapter considers the enactment and the implementation of the Prisoners' Counsel Act. The first two sections of this chapter outline the course of the debate and introduce the Criminal Law Commissioners, who produced an important report on full defence by counsel in 1836. The third section considers the main argument of the reformers, which was that full defence by counsel was more conducive to the discovery of the truth than the existing procedure. The final section examines the contribution of the campaign for the amelioration of capital punishment to the success of the Prisoners' Counsel Act and, more generally, the Act's place in the transformation of the criminal law which occurred at this time.Less
This chapter considers the enactment and the implementation of the Prisoners' Counsel Act. The first two sections of this chapter outline the course of the debate and introduce the Criminal Law Commissioners, who produced an important report on full defence by counsel in 1836. The third section considers the main argument of the reformers, which was that full defence by counsel was more conducive to the discovery of the truth than the existing procedure. The final section examines the contribution of the campaign for the amelioration of capital punishment to the success of the Prisoners' Counsel Act and, more generally, the Act's place in the transformation of the criminal law which occurred at this time.
Adam H. Becker
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226145280
- eISBN:
- 9780226145457
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226145457.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
This chapter juxtaposes the social and religious world of Urmia with the American Protestant background of the early missionaries through an analysis of the early life and missionary career of Justin ...
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This chapter juxtaposes the social and religious world of Urmia with the American Protestant background of the early missionaries through an analysis of the early life and missionary career of Justin Perkins, who led the mission in Urmia, Iran, for thirty five years under the aegis of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM). Much of the chapter consists of a comparison of Perkins’s 1834 arrival with a trip he made back to the United States in 1842 accompanied by an East Syrian bishop. This chapter focuses particularly on how the media culture of the mission corresponded with a notion of “true Christianity.” Implicit in Perkins’s evangelical emphasis on faith was the idea that religion should be disembedded from the world of social and economic relations and it thereby resonated with a discourse of secularism.Less
This chapter juxtaposes the social and religious world of Urmia with the American Protestant background of the early missionaries through an analysis of the early life and missionary career of Justin Perkins, who led the mission in Urmia, Iran, for thirty five years under the aegis of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM). Much of the chapter consists of a comparison of Perkins’s 1834 arrival with a trip he made back to the United States in 1842 accompanied by an East Syrian bishop. This chapter focuses particularly on how the media culture of the mission corresponded with a notion of “true Christianity.” Implicit in Perkins’s evangelical emphasis on faith was the idea that religion should be disembedded from the world of social and economic relations and it thereby resonated with a discourse of secularism.
Emily Conroy-Krutz
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801453533
- eISBN:
- 9781501701047
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801453533.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter examines the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions's global vision and the ways that it imagined the rest of the world, particularly through the formation of what it calls ...
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This chapter examines the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions's global vision and the ways that it imagined the rest of the world, particularly through the formation of what it calls a “hierarchy of heathenism” that helped the Board decide where to send missionaries and when. It first considers how both push and pull factors brought American evangelicals into the foreign mission movement before discussing the importance of civilization in the hierarchy of heathenism envisioned by the Board. It then discusses the American missionaries' use of evangelical and commercial information networks to determine whether certain places in Asia were potential recipients for evangelization efforts. It also analyzes the Board's missions to the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), Holy Land, and Africa. Finally, it explains how the hierarchy of heathenism brought together the American missionaries' ideas about culture, race, and religion with the geopolitical realities of the world in which they lived to rationalize space and help them to go about the work of converting the world to Christianity.Less
This chapter examines the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions's global vision and the ways that it imagined the rest of the world, particularly through the formation of what it calls a “hierarchy of heathenism” that helped the Board decide where to send missionaries and when. It first considers how both push and pull factors brought American evangelicals into the foreign mission movement before discussing the importance of civilization in the hierarchy of heathenism envisioned by the Board. It then discusses the American missionaries' use of evangelical and commercial information networks to determine whether certain places in Asia were potential recipients for evangelization efforts. It also analyzes the Board's missions to the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), Holy Land, and Africa. Finally, it explains how the hierarchy of heathenism brought together the American missionaries' ideas about culture, race, and religion with the geopolitical realities of the world in which they lived to rationalize space and help them to go about the work of converting the world to Christianity.
John E. Murray
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226924090
- eISBN:
- 9780226924106
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226924106.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Social History
Prior to the establishment of the Charleston Orphan House, orphaned and destitute children in the city of Charleston in South Carolina were supported through two Anglican parishes, St. Philip's, ...
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Prior to the establishment of the Charleston Orphan House, orphaned and destitute children in the city of Charleston in South Carolina were supported through two Anglican parishes, St. Philip's, founded in 1683, and daughter congregation St. Michael's, whose history dates back to 1761. Both agencies collected poor rates and distributed them as relief. The City Council, convinced that centralized care of orphans would reduce costs, passed an ordinance in 1790 that led to the opening of the Charleston Orphan House. A Board of Commissioners was formed to exercise authority over the orphanage, which became a destination for children of poor families with no immediate or extended family members. This chapter examines how the city of Charleston managed care of orphaned, abandoned, and poor children and provides the context that led to the establishment of the Charleston Orphan House.Less
Prior to the establishment of the Charleston Orphan House, orphaned and destitute children in the city of Charleston in South Carolina were supported through two Anglican parishes, St. Philip's, founded in 1683, and daughter congregation St. Michael's, whose history dates back to 1761. Both agencies collected poor rates and distributed them as relief. The City Council, convinced that centralized care of orphans would reduce costs, passed an ordinance in 1790 that led to the opening of the Charleston Orphan House. A Board of Commissioners was formed to exercise authority over the orphanage, which became a destination for children of poor families with no immediate or extended family members. This chapter examines how the city of Charleston managed care of orphaned, abandoned, and poor children and provides the context that led to the establishment of the Charleston Orphan House.
Selina Lai-Henderson
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804789646
- eISBN:
- 9780804794756
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804789646.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter discusses Twain’s anti-imperialist position and involvement with the American Anti-Imperialist League as he returned from Europe in 1900. Twain was infuriated as imperial powers ...
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This chapter discusses Twain’s anti-imperialist position and involvement with the American Anti-Imperialist League as he returned from Europe in 1900. Twain was infuriated as imperial powers including the US were taking land by force not only from the Chinese, but also from Filipinos, Cubans, and other people of color. What he once perceived as “human vermin” turned out to be nobler than many of the so-called “civilized” people. Admitting to once being a “red-hot imperialist,” he returned home declaring himself a Chinese Boxer against European and American imperialism. The author discusses a few important anti-imperialist pieces, such as “To the Person Sitting in Darkness,” “To My Missionary Critics,” “The United States of Lyncherdom,” and “The Fable of the Yellow Terror,” and examines the factors that led Clemens to take issue with the Rev. William Ament and the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mission (ABCFM).Less
This chapter discusses Twain’s anti-imperialist position and involvement with the American Anti-Imperialist League as he returned from Europe in 1900. Twain was infuriated as imperial powers including the US were taking land by force not only from the Chinese, but also from Filipinos, Cubans, and other people of color. What he once perceived as “human vermin” turned out to be nobler than many of the so-called “civilized” people. Admitting to once being a “red-hot imperialist,” he returned home declaring himself a Chinese Boxer against European and American imperialism. The author discusses a few important anti-imperialist pieces, such as “To the Person Sitting in Darkness,” “To My Missionary Critics,” “The United States of Lyncherdom,” and “The Fable of the Yellow Terror,” and examines the factors that led Clemens to take issue with the Rev. William Ament and the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mission (ABCFM).
