J. Christopher King
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199272181
- eISBN:
- 9780191603433
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199272182.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This book explores Origen’s interpretation of the Song of Songs in his Commentary and two Homilies on the Song of Songs. Origen portrays the Song under two complementary and inseparable aspects: ...
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This book explores Origen’s interpretation of the Song of Songs in his Commentary and two Homilies on the Song of Songs. Origen portrays the Song under two complementary and inseparable aspects: first, as the unique Scripture in which the eschatological nuptials of Christ and his Bride are really present as text; second, as the spirit of Scripture unveiled, laid bare, and fully manifest in all its erotic power to lure, inflame, and make the reader ‘one spirit’ with the Lord. The study proceeds in two parts. The first establishes some of the relevant principles of Origen’s hermeneutic, and clears away prior accounts of his Song exegesis that have obscured the actual foundations of the reading developed in the Commentary and Homilies. The second part shows that Origen’s actual exegetical procedure in the Commentary proves that his spiritual reading of the Song is rooted entirely in certain hermeneutical demands, not in psychological or ascetical compulsions. These hermeneutical demands lead Origen to make the greatest conceivable claims for the character of the Song, namely that the Song fully and intelligibly represents the eschatological mystery, manifesting the ‘spirit’ of Scripture in the plan form of a text.Less
This book explores Origen’s interpretation of the Song of Songs in his Commentary and two Homilies on the Song of Songs. Origen portrays the Song under two complementary and inseparable aspects: first, as the unique Scripture in which the eschatological nuptials of Christ and his Bride are really present as text; second, as the spirit of Scripture unveiled, laid bare, and fully manifest in all its erotic power to lure, inflame, and make the reader ‘one spirit’ with the Lord. The study proceeds in two parts. The first establishes some of the relevant principles of Origen’s hermeneutic, and clears away prior accounts of his Song exegesis that have obscured the actual foundations of the reading developed in the Commentary and Homilies. The second part shows that Origen’s actual exegetical procedure in the Commentary proves that his spiritual reading of the Song is rooted entirely in certain hermeneutical demands, not in psychological or ascetical compulsions. These hermeneutical demands lead Origen to make the greatest conceivable claims for the character of the Song, namely that the Song fully and intelligibly represents the eschatological mystery, manifesting the ‘spirit’ of Scripture in the plan form of a text.
John Kilcullen
- Published in print:
- 1988
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198266914
- eISBN:
- 9780191683114
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198266914.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
This introductory chapter presents an overview of the four chapters featured in this volume. The chapters all arose in one way or another from reflection on Pierre Bayle's Philosophical Commentary on ...
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This introductory chapter presents an overview of the four chapters featured in this volume. The chapters all arose in one way or another from reflection on Pierre Bayle's Philosophical Commentary on the Words of the Gospel, ‘Compel them to come in’, one of the classics of the 17th-century debate about religious toleration. Bayle wrote the Philosophical Commentary to advocate religious toleration at a time when it seemed almost a lost cause. Deeply committed to that cause, he was also an enemy to faulty reasoning even from himself. A man of sharp intelligence, in philosophy and theology he was very well informed.Less
This introductory chapter presents an overview of the four chapters featured in this volume. The chapters all arose in one way or another from reflection on Pierre Bayle's Philosophical Commentary on the Words of the Gospel, ‘Compel them to come in’, one of the classics of the 17th-century debate about religious toleration. Bayle wrote the Philosophical Commentary to advocate religious toleration at a time when it seemed almost a lost cause. Deeply committed to that cause, he was also an enemy to faulty reasoning even from himself. A man of sharp intelligence, in philosophy and theology he was very well informed.
Isabel Moreira
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199736041
- eISBN:
- 9780199894628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736041.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter examines how purgatory was described and understood in the works of Bede and Boniface. Particular attention is given to Bede as the author of works in which purgatory was given ...
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This chapter examines how purgatory was described and understood in the works of Bede and Boniface. Particular attention is given to Bede as the author of works in which purgatory was given theological context and legitimation as orthodox belief. The chapter examines the role of friendship ties and gift-giving in Anglo-Saxon society and in the intercessory practices of Bede’s time. The chapter also considers the cultural and religious influences that informed Anglo-Saxon Christianity and explores the potential importance of Anglo-Saxon England’s close ties with eastern Christianity. Key texts discussed include Boniface’s Vision of the Monk of Wenlock and the works of Bede: the Vision of Drythelm, Homily for Advent, Commentary on Isaiah, and Commentary on Proverbs.Less
This chapter examines how purgatory was described and understood in the works of Bede and Boniface. Particular attention is given to Bede as the author of works in which purgatory was given theological context and legitimation as orthodox belief. The chapter examines the role of friendship ties and gift-giving in Anglo-Saxon society and in the intercessory practices of Bede’s time. The chapter also considers the cultural and religious influences that informed Anglo-Saxon Christianity and explores the potential importance of Anglo-Saxon England’s close ties with eastern Christianity. Key texts discussed include Boniface’s Vision of the Monk of Wenlock and the works of Bede: the Vision of Drythelm, Homily for Advent, Commentary on Isaiah, and Commentary on Proverbs.
Brian Lugioyo
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195387360
- eISBN:
- 9780199866663
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387360.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Chapter 3 explains, in depth, Martin Bucer’s doctrine of justification in his Romans Commentary of 1536. This chapter demonstrates how the Socratic dictum “To know the good is to do the good” is ...
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Chapter 3 explains, in depth, Martin Bucer’s doctrine of justification in his Romans Commentary of 1536. This chapter demonstrates how the Socratic dictum “To know the good is to do the good” is paradigmatic for Bucer’s soteriology, which illuminates the importance of his intellectualizing view of faith and its relation to works. Within this framework the previous attempt to describe his doctrine as double justification is shown as problematic. This chapter also explores Bucer’s epistemological, anthropological, and psychological perspectives.Less
Chapter 3 explains, in depth, Martin Bucer’s doctrine of justification in his Romans Commentary of 1536. This chapter demonstrates how the Socratic dictum “To know the good is to do the good” is paradigmatic for Bucer’s soteriology, which illuminates the importance of his intellectualizing view of faith and its relation to works. Within this framework the previous attempt to describe his doctrine as double justification is shown as problematic. This chapter also explores Bucer’s epistemological, anthropological, and psychological perspectives.
J. Christopher King
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199272181
- eISBN:
- 9780191603433
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199272182.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter examines the status of the literal sense of the Commentary and Homilies on the Song, focusing on Origen’s hermeneutic, in order to place the ‘bodilessness’ of the Song in the context of ...
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This chapter examines the status of the literal sense of the Commentary and Homilies on the Song, focusing on Origen’s hermeneutic, in order to place the ‘bodilessness’ of the Song in the context of his whole doctrine of Scripture. It provides three main conclusions: that all ‘bodiless’ texts retain a vital connection with the sensibility and corporeality of the ‘letter’; that the ‘letter’ of ‘bodiless’ text has not simply disappeared but converged with and terminated in the ‘spirit’; and that the interconnected logoi of the ‘bodiless’ text make higher realities present in pure immediacy. These conclusions apply equally to all ‘bodiless’ texts, not exclusively to the Song.Less
This chapter examines the status of the literal sense of the Commentary and Homilies on the Song, focusing on Origen’s hermeneutic, in order to place the ‘bodilessness’ of the Song in the context of his whole doctrine of Scripture. It provides three main conclusions: that all ‘bodiless’ texts retain a vital connection with the sensibility and corporeality of the ‘letter’; that the ‘letter’ of ‘bodiless’ text has not simply disappeared but converged with and terminated in the ‘spirit’; and that the interconnected logoi of the ‘bodiless’ text make higher realities present in pure immediacy. These conclusions apply equally to all ‘bodiless’ texts, not exclusively to the Song.
Sarah Coakley
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199246120
- eISBN:
- 9780191600531
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199246122.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Sarah Coakley outlines the recent debate that analytic philosophers of religion have conducted in defence of the so‐called ‘social’ doctrine of the Trinity. Since appeal is characteristically made by ...
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Sarah Coakley outlines the recent debate that analytic philosophers of religion have conducted in defence of the so‐called ‘social’ doctrine of the Trinity. Since appeal is characteristically made by them to Gregory of Nyssa, and especially to his Ad Ablabium, she focuses on Gregory, and expounds what he says in the Ad Ablabium in the light of his other — somewhat fragmented — expositions of the three‐fold unity of the Godhead. Coakley holds it crucial for an expanding of the discussion to allow for the trinitarian insights that Gregory affords when not explicitly discussing the (supposedly) technical meanings of hypostasis or prosopon, but describing more loosely the soul's engagement with the Trinity at the ‘economic’ level of operation (as, for instance, in his Commentary on the Song of Songs). The notion of hypostasis (‘person’) that emerges from this analysis is far less tidy than the contemporary analytic discussions have supposed; and further, a covert smuggling of ‘modern’ notions of the ‘individual’ can be detected in some authors who purport to defend Gregory, resulting in a misleading account of Gregory's perception of intra‐divine relations. Finally, Coakley considers the implications of Gregory's profound apophaticism for the assessment of the status of his trinitarian language on the literal/analogical/metaphorical spectrum, as well as for the issues of gender, which interestingly intrude into Gregory's vision of incorporation into the divine life.Less
Sarah Coakley outlines the recent debate that analytic philosophers of religion have conducted in defence of the so‐called ‘social’ doctrine of the Trinity. Since appeal is characteristically made by them to Gregory of Nyssa, and especially to his Ad Ablabium, she focuses on Gregory, and expounds what he says in the Ad Ablabium in the light of his other — somewhat fragmented — expositions of the three‐fold unity of the Godhead. Coakley holds it crucial for an expanding of the discussion to allow for the trinitarian insights that Gregory affords when not explicitly discussing the (supposedly) technical meanings of hypostasis or prosopon, but describing more loosely the soul's engagement with the Trinity at the ‘economic’ level of operation (as, for instance, in his Commentary on the Song of Songs). The notion of hypostasis (‘person’) that emerges from this analysis is far less tidy than the contemporary analytic discussions have supposed; and further, a covert smuggling of ‘modern’ notions of the ‘individual’ can be detected in some authors who purport to defend Gregory, resulting in a misleading account of Gregory's perception of intra‐divine relations. Finally, Coakley considers the implications of Gregory's profound apophaticism for the assessment of the status of his trinitarian language on the literal/analogical/metaphorical spectrum, as well as for the issues of gender, which interestingly intrude into Gregory's vision of incorporation into the divine life.
Jiang Qing
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154602
- eISBN:
- 9781400844845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154602.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter discusses Western-style democracy. Although democracy—more specifically, a form of government that grants ultimate controlling power to democratically elected representatives—is built on ...
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This chapter discusses Western-style democracy. Although democracy—more specifically, a form of government that grants ultimate controlling power to democratically elected representatives—is built on the separation of powers, the separation is a matter of implementation rather than legitimization. In a democracy, legitimacy is based on the sovereignty of the people. However, the chapter objects to the idea that there is only one source of legitimacy; one political alternative is the Confucian Way of the Humane Authority. According to the Gongyang Commentary, political power must have three kinds of legitimacy—that of heaven, earth, and the human—for it to be justified. All three forms of legitimacy must be in equilibrium, but the chapter notes that the equilibrium is not one of equality.Less
This chapter discusses Western-style democracy. Although democracy—more specifically, a form of government that grants ultimate controlling power to democratically elected representatives—is built on the separation of powers, the separation is a matter of implementation rather than legitimization. In a democracy, legitimacy is based on the sovereignty of the people. However, the chapter objects to the idea that there is only one source of legitimacy; one political alternative is the Confucian Way of the Humane Authority. According to the Gongyang Commentary, political power must have three kinds of legitimacy—that of heaven, earth, and the human—for it to be justified. All three forms of legitimacy must be in equilibrium, but the chapter notes that the equilibrium is not one of equality.
Laurence R. Jurdem
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813175843
- eISBN:
- 9780813175874
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813175843.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The book analyzes the influence of National Review, Human Events, and Commentary on the foreign policy ideas of the Republican Party from 1964–1980. During that eighteen-year period, the publications ...
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The book analyzes the influence of National Review, Human Events, and Commentary on the foreign policy ideas of the Republican Party from 1964–1980. During that eighteen-year period, the publications of conservative opinion provided ideological clarification on important national issues that played a fundamental role in reviving the political fortunes of the American Right, culminating in the election of Ronald Reagan. Those who wrote for these publications used their positions to offer suggestions to conservative policy makers that called for a more confrontational approach toward the Soviet Union and the nations that sought to compromise the United States’ interests around the world. In recommending a shift in foreign policy, Human Events, National Review, and Commentary assisted right-wing decision makers by contributing arguments to revive what these publications believed was a weak and indecisive United States that had become uncertain about its role in the world following the defeat in Vietnam. By criticizing policies, such as détente, or the aggressiveness of the Third World within the United Nations, opinion makers on the Right offered conservative political leaders information and analysis that called for the return of American power in the face of an ever more confident Soviet Union.Less
The book analyzes the influence of National Review, Human Events, and Commentary on the foreign policy ideas of the Republican Party from 1964–1980. During that eighteen-year period, the publications of conservative opinion provided ideological clarification on important national issues that played a fundamental role in reviving the political fortunes of the American Right, culminating in the election of Ronald Reagan. Those who wrote for these publications used their positions to offer suggestions to conservative policy makers that called for a more confrontational approach toward the Soviet Union and the nations that sought to compromise the United States’ interests around the world. In recommending a shift in foreign policy, Human Events, National Review, and Commentary assisted right-wing decision makers by contributing arguments to revive what these publications believed was a weak and indecisive United States that had become uncertain about its role in the world following the defeat in Vietnam. By criticizing policies, such as détente, or the aggressiveness of the Third World within the United Nations, opinion makers on the Right offered conservative political leaders information and analysis that called for the return of American power in the face of an ever more confident Soviet Union.
Michael J. Hollerich
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198263685
- eISBN:
- 9780191682636
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198263685.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies, Biblical Studies
Eusebius of Caesarea (d. 339), bishop, church historian, and biographer of Constantine, is the major Christian witness to the Constantinian settlement. Despite his importance, his biblical exegesis ...
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Eusebius of Caesarea (d. 339), bishop, church historian, and biographer of Constantine, is the major Christian witness to the Constantinian settlement. Despite his importance, his biblical exegesis has not received the attention it deserves. His Commentary on Isaiah, rediscovered in nearly complete form only this century, was written shortly after the Council of Nicaea in 325 and the unification of the empire under Constantine. It is thus an important witness to Eusebius' thinking on the Bible, the church, and the empire at a critical moment in his life and in the history of Christianity. The present book examines how the new situation influenced Eusebius' reading of Isaiah, especially as revealed in his treatment of Judaism and Jewish exegesis. It also proposes that the commentary's focus on the ‘godly polity’, meaning above all the church and its clergy, is a valuable corrective to interpretations of Eusebius' theology based too exclusively on the Constantinian literature.Less
Eusebius of Caesarea (d. 339), bishop, church historian, and biographer of Constantine, is the major Christian witness to the Constantinian settlement. Despite his importance, his biblical exegesis has not received the attention it deserves. His Commentary on Isaiah, rediscovered in nearly complete form only this century, was written shortly after the Council of Nicaea in 325 and the unification of the empire under Constantine. It is thus an important witness to Eusebius' thinking on the Bible, the church, and the empire at a critical moment in his life and in the history of Christianity. The present book examines how the new situation influenced Eusebius' reading of Isaiah, especially as revealed in his treatment of Judaism and Jewish exegesis. It also proposes that the commentary's focus on the ‘godly polity’, meaning above all the church and its clergy, is a valuable corrective to interpretations of Eusebius' theology based too exclusively on the Constantinian literature.
Paul C. Gutjahr
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199740420
- eISBN:
- 9780199894703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199740420.003.0023
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Chapter twenty-three explores Charles Hodge’s Commentary on Romans, which established him as both a national and international biblical scholar of repute. Hodge sought to create a scholarly ...
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Chapter twenty-three explores Charles Hodge’s Commentary on Romans, which established him as both a national and international biblical scholar of repute. Hodge sought to create a scholarly commentary which could also be of use to lay readers, and he wished to respond to the doctrinal errors he saw in the Romans commentaries recently published by Moses Stuart and Albert Barnes. Hodge’s work showed him to be strictly Confessional in his outlook and his method of biblical exegesis.Less
Chapter twenty-three explores Charles Hodge’s Commentary on Romans, which established him as both a national and international biblical scholar of repute. Hodge sought to create a scholarly commentary which could also be of use to lay readers, and he wished to respond to the doctrinal errors he saw in the Romans commentaries recently published by Moses Stuart and Albert Barnes. Hodge’s work showed him to be strictly Confessional in his outlook and his method of biblical exegesis.
Natasha O'Hear
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199590100
- eISBN:
- 9780191725678
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199590100.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Chapter 1 presents the Lambeth Apocalypse Manuscript (hereafter Lambeth) as a key example of the thirteenth‐century Anelo‐Norman illustrated Apocalypse devotional manuscript tradition. This ...
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Chapter 1 presents the Lambeth Apocalypse Manuscript (hereafter Lambeth) as a key example of the thirteenth‐century Anelo‐Norman illustrated Apocalypse devotional manuscript tradition. This manuscript tradition and its particular features are discussed, as a precursor to the analysis of Lambeth itself. The Berengaudus Commentary, the commentary which accompanies many of the Anglo‐Norman Apocalypses, including Lambeth, is also discussed as is its place within the tradition of commentaries on the Book of Revelation in general. The remainder of the chapter is concerned exclusively with the distinctive features of Lambeth, including its female patron, the presentation of the John figure, the effect of the additional miniatures, and its visual interweaving of contemporary theological and wider issues within its presentation of the source‐text. The nature of the Lambeth reading/viewing experience and in particular the effect of the interaction between the text, commentary, and miniatures remain in focus throughout the chapter.Less
Chapter 1 presents the Lambeth Apocalypse Manuscript (hereafter Lambeth) as a key example of the thirteenth‐century Anelo‐Norman illustrated Apocalypse devotional manuscript tradition. This manuscript tradition and its particular features are discussed, as a precursor to the analysis of Lambeth itself. The Berengaudus Commentary, the commentary which accompanies many of the Anglo‐Norman Apocalypses, including Lambeth, is also discussed as is its place within the tradition of commentaries on the Book of Revelation in general. The remainder of the chapter is concerned exclusively with the distinctive features of Lambeth, including its female patron, the presentation of the John figure, the effect of the additional miniatures, and its visual interweaving of contemporary theological and wider issues within its presentation of the source‐text. The nature of the Lambeth reading/viewing experience and in particular the effect of the interaction between the text, commentary, and miniatures remain in focus throughout the chapter.
MICHAEL J. HOLLERICH
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198263685
- eISBN:
- 9780191682636
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198263685.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies, Biblical Studies
Eusebius, bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, was the leading Christian scholar of his age. His books gave him a permanent place in the history of church and of human culture. The first section of this ...
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Eusebius, bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, was the leading Christian scholar of his age. His books gave him a permanent place in the history of church and of human culture. The first section of this chapter provides a background to Eusebius, the Bible, and the modern biblical scholarship. The second section cites the purposes of the present study. This study describes and analyzes the interpretative techniques and controlling themes of Eusebius' exegesis of Isaiah, and places the commentary in relation to his thought and to its contemporary religious and political setting. The third section considers the new edition of the Commentary on Isaiah.Less
Eusebius, bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, was the leading Christian scholar of his age. His books gave him a permanent place in the history of church and of human culture. The first section of this chapter provides a background to Eusebius, the Bible, and the modern biblical scholarship. The second section cites the purposes of the present study. This study describes and analyzes the interpretative techniques and controlling themes of Eusebius' exegesis of Isaiah, and places the commentary in relation to his thought and to its contemporary religious and political setting. The third section considers the new edition of the Commentary on Isaiah.
MICHAEL J. HOLLERICH
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198263685
- eISBN:
- 9780191682636
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198263685.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies, Biblical Studies
This chapter deals with the various aspects of the Commentary on Isaiah which are preliminary to understanding its significance in Eusebius' works as a whole. It consider's the commentary's date, ...
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This chapter deals with the various aspects of the Commentary on Isaiah which are preliminary to understanding its significance in Eusebius' works as a whole. It consider's the commentary's date, setting and purpose, relation to previous Christian interpretation of Isaiah, relation to Eusebius' exegesis of Isaiah in his earlier works, and leading theological ideas. The Commentary on Isaiah belongs to the period of Constantine's role in the empire because the imperial policies it alludes to and reflects only came into being in the East after the defeat of Licinius.Less
This chapter deals with the various aspects of the Commentary on Isaiah which are preliminary to understanding its significance in Eusebius' works as a whole. It consider's the commentary's date, setting and purpose, relation to previous Christian interpretation of Isaiah, relation to Eusebius' exegesis of Isaiah in his earlier works, and leading theological ideas. The Commentary on Isaiah belongs to the period of Constantine's role in the empire because the imperial policies it alludes to and reflects only came into being in the East after the defeat of Licinius.
John Kilcullen
- Published in print:
- 1988
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198266914
- eISBN:
- 9780191683114
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198266914.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter examines Bayle's arguments on the rights of conscience. Bayle's arguments grew out of a small point in letters 20 and 21 of his General Critique, namely that the true religion (whichever ...
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This chapter examines Bayle's arguments on the rights of conscience. Bayle's arguments grew out of a small point in letters 20 and 21 of his General Critique, namely that the true religion (whichever that is) has no more right to persecute than the false. When this was challenged as ‘an impious paradox’ Bayle argued for it at length in letter 9 of the New Letters, maintaining that those who believe an error are morally obliged to do whatever they would be obliged to do if their belief were true, and therefore, since people have a right to do their duty, they can do it without blame. The same point is argued again in his Philosophical Commentary, part II, chs, 8–10, and again in the Supplement. This chapter examines the arguments on the rights of conscience given in New Letters, and those given in the Philosophical Commentary.Less
This chapter examines Bayle's arguments on the rights of conscience. Bayle's arguments grew out of a small point in letters 20 and 21 of his General Critique, namely that the true religion (whichever that is) has no more right to persecute than the false. When this was challenged as ‘an impious paradox’ Bayle argued for it at length in letter 9 of the New Letters, maintaining that those who believe an error are morally obliged to do whatever they would be obliged to do if their belief were true, and therefore, since people have a right to do their duty, they can do it without blame. The same point is argued again in his Philosophical Commentary, part II, chs, 8–10, and again in the Supplement. This chapter examines the arguments on the rights of conscience given in New Letters, and those given in the Philosophical Commentary.
Anthony J. Lisska
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198269670
- eISBN:
- 9780191683732
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198269670.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the renewed interest in natural law theory in general and the natural law canon proposed by Thomas Aquinas in Summa ...
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This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the renewed interest in natural law theory in general and the natural law canon proposed by Thomas Aquinas in Summa Theologiae and Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics. This book aims to explore the metaphilosophy and the metaphysics needed to explain the Aristotelian meta-ethics as seen through the eyes of Aquinas. It examines Aquinas' appropriation of the important categories and concepts from the philosophy system of Aristotle.Less
This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the renewed interest in natural law theory in general and the natural law canon proposed by Thomas Aquinas in Summa Theologiae and Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics. This book aims to explore the metaphilosophy and the metaphysics needed to explain the Aristotelian meta-ethics as seen through the eyes of Aquinas. It examines Aquinas' appropriation of the important categories and concepts from the philosophy system of Aristotle.
Peter Widdicombe
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199242481
- eISBN:
- 9780191697111
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199242481.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter discusses Origen's doctrine of God. The principal descriptions that Origen ascribes to God are that God is incorporeal, mind, one and simple, the good, ‘he who is’, and that he ...
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This chapter discusses Origen's doctrine of God. The principal descriptions that Origen ascribes to God are that God is incorporeal, mind, one and simple, the good, ‘he who is’, and that he transcends being and mind. The chapter demonstrates the manner in which he links Middle Platonist and biblical ideas, and turns them to theological purposes. Origen's most lengthy, systematic, and philosophical treatment of the nature of God is found in De Principiis, and it is mainly to its structure and content that references are made, though others of his works are also drawn on, especially the Commentary on John and Contra Celsum.Less
This chapter discusses Origen's doctrine of God. The principal descriptions that Origen ascribes to God are that God is incorporeal, mind, one and simple, the good, ‘he who is’, and that he transcends being and mind. The chapter demonstrates the manner in which he links Middle Platonist and biblical ideas, and turns them to theological purposes. Origen's most lengthy, systematic, and philosophical treatment of the nature of God is found in De Principiis, and it is mainly to its structure and content that references are made, though others of his works are also drawn on, especially the Commentary on John and Contra Celsum.
W. P. Stephens
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198263630
- eISBN:
- 9780191682629
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198263630.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology, History of Christianity
This chapter explores the sovereignty of God, a fundamental element in Zwingli's thought that affects all aspects of his theology. For Zwingli, the life of the church and the teaching of the church ...
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This chapter explores the sovereignty of God, a fundamental element in Zwingli's thought that affects all aspects of his theology. For Zwingli, the life of the church and the teaching of the church had lost their centre in God. He was concerned to see that both theology and the Christian life recover that centre. This challenge is characteristic of Zwingli's writings from the start. His conviction of God's sovereignty can be seen in his understanding of providence and predestination. The sense of God's providence is also apparent with Zwingli, which suggests a personal experience and an intellectual conviction. Both A Commentary and The Providence of God show that Zwingli's method is sometimes as much logical as theological.Less
This chapter explores the sovereignty of God, a fundamental element in Zwingli's thought that affects all aspects of his theology. For Zwingli, the life of the church and the teaching of the church had lost their centre in God. He was concerned to see that both theology and the Christian life recover that centre. This challenge is characteristic of Zwingli's writings from the start. His conviction of God's sovereignty can be seen in his understanding of providence and predestination. The sense of God's providence is also apparent with Zwingli, which suggests a personal experience and an intellectual conviction. Both A Commentary and The Providence of God show that Zwingli's method is sometimes as much logical as theological.
James E. Montgomery
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780748683321
- eISBN:
- 9780748695072
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748683321.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Not all of his contemporaries agreed or approved of the enterprise. The Book of Living was subjected to a withering criticism that extended beyond its contents to engulf most of his public writings ...
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Not all of his contemporaries agreed or approved of the enterprise. The Book of Living was subjected to a withering criticism that extended beyond its contents to engulf most of his public writings and become a categorical rejection of the benefits which the book as an artefact brought to society. Al-Jā?i? reverts throughout The Book of Living to this criticism. The initial 200 pages of the first volume (in its modern edited version) constitute its Introduction and engage specifically with the attack the first version of the book generated. Chapter 3 provides an in-depth study of the library of books itemised by al-Jā?i? in his defence of his enterprise. It follows the details of the critique by offering a translation and paraphrase, with commentary, of the passages which engage explicitly with the criticism.Less
Not all of his contemporaries agreed or approved of the enterprise. The Book of Living was subjected to a withering criticism that extended beyond its contents to engulf most of his public writings and become a categorical rejection of the benefits which the book as an artefact brought to society. Al-Jā?i? reverts throughout The Book of Living to this criticism. The initial 200 pages of the first volume (in its modern edited version) constitute its Introduction and engage specifically with the attack the first version of the book generated. Chapter 3 provides an in-depth study of the library of books itemised by al-Jā?i? in his defence of his enterprise. It follows the details of the critique by offering a translation and paraphrase, with commentary, of the passages which engage explicitly with the criticism.
David Der-wei Wang
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520231405
- eISBN:
- 9780520937246
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520231405.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter analyzes the novel A Tale of Modern Monsters by Jiang Gui, a Chinese émigré writer in Taiwan after 1949. It attempts to link this work with two other novels employing the same monstrous ...
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This chapter analyzes the novel A Tale of Modern Monsters by Jiang Gui, a Chinese émigré writer in Taiwan after 1949. It attempts to link this work with two other novels employing the same monstrous symbolism, A Compendium of Monsters and An Idle Commentary on Monsters. The chapter suggests that the authors of these three novels called on the ancient monster taowu, which in one of its many etymological transformations is related to the genre of historical writing.Less
This chapter analyzes the novel A Tale of Modern Monsters by Jiang Gui, a Chinese émigré writer in Taiwan after 1949. It attempts to link this work with two other novels employing the same monstrous symbolism, A Compendium of Monsters and An Idle Commentary on Monsters. The chapter suggests that the authors of these three novels called on the ancient monster taowu, which in one of its many etymological transformations is related to the genre of historical writing.
Paul White
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265543
- eISBN:
- 9780191760358
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265543.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter explores Badius’s use of language associated with the domains of commerce and finance, and demonstrates that he used metaphors drawn from these domains to make sense of potential ...
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This chapter explores Badius’s use of language associated with the domains of commerce and finance, and demonstrates that he used metaphors drawn from these domains to make sense of potential contradictions between his scholarly and printing roles. It gives an account of the ‘Ciceronianus’ controversy, as a result of which French humanists excluded Badius from their ranks, and looks at how Badius defined himself in relation to major scholarly figures of his period: Erasmus, Aldus Manutius, Guillaume Budé. It also looks at the ways Badius engaged in debate about the ‘value’ of printing, the ethics of the print trade and the status of knowledge in the marketplace. Finally it examines Badius’s conceptualization of commentary in terms of market exchange and finance.Less
This chapter explores Badius’s use of language associated with the domains of commerce and finance, and demonstrates that he used metaphors drawn from these domains to make sense of potential contradictions between his scholarly and printing roles. It gives an account of the ‘Ciceronianus’ controversy, as a result of which French humanists excluded Badius from their ranks, and looks at how Badius defined himself in relation to major scholarly figures of his period: Erasmus, Aldus Manutius, Guillaume Budé. It also looks at the ways Badius engaged in debate about the ‘value’ of printing, the ethics of the print trade and the status of knowledge in the marketplace. Finally it examines Badius’s conceptualization of commentary in terms of market exchange and finance.
