Beth Almeida, Kelly Kenneally, and David Madland
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199573349
- eISBN:
- 9780191721946
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199573349.003.0016
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Public Management, Pensions and Pension Management
State and local pensions have been a cost-effective way to ensure that those retiring from public service will have adequate retirement income after a lifetime of work. Despite their strengths, ...
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State and local pensions have been a cost-effective way to ensure that those retiring from public service will have adequate retirement income after a lifetime of work. Despite their strengths, opposition to public pensions has emerged in recent years. This chapter examines the economics of public pensions and outlines the role of public perceptions, politics, and interest groups in the public pension debate.Less
State and local pensions have been a cost-effective way to ensure that those retiring from public service will have adequate retirement income after a lifetime of work. Despite their strengths, opposition to public pensions has emerged in recent years. This chapter examines the economics of public pensions and outlines the role of public perceptions, politics, and interest groups in the public pension debate.
Edwin C. Hustead
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199573349
- eISBN:
- 9780191721946
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199573349.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Public Management, Pensions and Pension Management
This chapter compares the administrative costs of public sector defined benefit and defined contribution systems offered by the federal government and many states. Administrative expenses are ...
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This chapter compares the administrative costs of public sector defined benefit and defined contribution systems offered by the federal government and many states. Administrative expenses are presented as percentages of both income and assets, and the author discusses how administrative expenses might enter into the decision by a public sector employer as to whether to establish a defined contribution plan.Less
This chapter compares the administrative costs of public sector defined benefit and defined contribution systems offered by the federal government and many states. Administrative expenses are presented as percentages of both income and assets, and the author discusses how administrative expenses might enter into the decision by a public sector employer as to whether to establish a defined contribution plan.
Robyn Muncy
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691122731
- eISBN:
- 9781400852413
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691122731.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1913 to 1914. After a restorative break in the Rockies, Roche returned to Denver and faced hard decisions about what to pursue next. Her ...
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This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1913 to 1914. After a restorative break in the Rockies, Roche returned to Denver and faced hard decisions about what to pursue next. Her goal was to figure out what work was most “fundamental” to achieving social justice. Roche wanted to hit injustice where it would hurt most, but she was not yet sure where the tender spot lay. As she began probing for that spot in fall 1913, coal miners in Colorado provided guidance. They opened what turned out to be the country's “deadliest labor war,” a conflict that eventually confirmed what Roche's experience as Inspector of Amusements had begun to reveal: progressive public policies could not, by themselves, achieve justice. Some additional element was required to make good on them, and the strike told Roche that the element was an aroused and organized citizenry, especially in the form of independent labor unions. By 1914, Roche had layered onto her social science progressivism the commitments of a labor progressive, who believed the self-organization of workers as crucial to achieving social justice as progressive public policies.Less
This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1913 to 1914. After a restorative break in the Rockies, Roche returned to Denver and faced hard decisions about what to pursue next. Her goal was to figure out what work was most “fundamental” to achieving social justice. Roche wanted to hit injustice where it would hurt most, but she was not yet sure where the tender spot lay. As she began probing for that spot in fall 1913, coal miners in Colorado provided guidance. They opened what turned out to be the country's “deadliest labor war,” a conflict that eventually confirmed what Roche's experience as Inspector of Amusements had begun to reveal: progressive public policies could not, by themselves, achieve justice. Some additional element was required to make good on them, and the strike told Roche that the element was an aroused and organized citizenry, especially in the form of independent labor unions. By 1914, Roche had layered onto her social science progressivism the commitments of a labor progressive, who believed the self-organization of workers as crucial to achieving social justice as progressive public policies.
Andrew Needham
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691139067
- eISBN:
- 9781400852406
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691139067.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter discusses how changes in geography remade space in the Southwest, rendering the Colorado Plateau in many ways the center of the region's economic development. With the construction of ...
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This chapter discusses how changes in geography remade space in the Southwest, rendering the Colorado Plateau in many ways the center of the region's economic development. With the construction of Mojave Generating Station, and the expansion of Four Corners Power Plant from 230 megawatts to over 1,000 megawatts in the late 1960s, the landscape of the Colorado Plateau—and specifically the landscape of the Navajo and Hopi Nations—became the broad origin point for most of the electricity used by consumers in the Southwest. Even as this power opened up new possibilities for high-tech manufacturing industries and climate-controlled lifestyles in the region's metropolitan areas, its production increasingly structured and defined the lives of those people living on the Colorado Plateau.Less
This chapter discusses how changes in geography remade space in the Southwest, rendering the Colorado Plateau in many ways the center of the region's economic development. With the construction of Mojave Generating Station, and the expansion of Four Corners Power Plant from 230 megawatts to over 1,000 megawatts in the late 1960s, the landscape of the Colorado Plateau—and specifically the landscape of the Navajo and Hopi Nations—became the broad origin point for most of the electricity used by consumers in the Southwest. Even as this power opened up new possibilities for high-tech manufacturing industries and climate-controlled lifestyles in the region's metropolitan areas, its production increasingly structured and defined the lives of those people living on the Colorado Plateau.
Andrew Needham
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691139067
- eISBN:
- 9781400852406
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691139067.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter addresses how The New York Times challenged the long-held claims of Arizona officials that their state was entitled to a portion of the Colorado River by rights, a claim recently upheld ...
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This chapter addresses how The New York Times challenged the long-held claims of Arizona officials that their state was entitled to a portion of the Colorado River by rights, a claim recently upheld by the Supreme Court. The paper also argued that Arizona's attempt to realize those claims endangered the Colorado River and the Grand Canyon itself. Transforming the flowing energy of water into flowing electricity, the Times suggested, was not in the national interest. Such critiques of Arizona's growth emerged in the wake of the Interior Department's development of the Pacific Southwest Water Plan, a plan designed in 1963 to realize Arizona's Colorado River claims. The critiques emerged from several different conservationist groups, but most powerfully from the Sierra Club, which was gradually changing the description of its politics from “conservation” to “environmentalism” and assuming a far more public voice in disputes over the proper use of public lands.Less
This chapter addresses how The New York Times challenged the long-held claims of Arizona officials that their state was entitled to a portion of the Colorado River by rights, a claim recently upheld by the Supreme Court. The paper also argued that Arizona's attempt to realize those claims endangered the Colorado River and the Grand Canyon itself. Transforming the flowing energy of water into flowing electricity, the Times suggested, was not in the national interest. Such critiques of Arizona's growth emerged in the wake of the Interior Department's development of the Pacific Southwest Water Plan, a plan designed in 1963 to realize Arizona's Colorado River claims. The critiques emerged from several different conservationist groups, but most powerfully from the Sierra Club, which was gradually changing the description of its politics from “conservation” to “environmentalism” and assuming a far more public voice in disputes over the proper use of public lands.
Robert W. Righter
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195149470
- eISBN:
- 9780199788934
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195149470.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The legacies of Hetch Hetchy are numerous. Without the fight, American national parks might be administered by the US Forest Service. The fight was instrumental in the passage of the National Parks ...
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The legacies of Hetch Hetchy are numerous. Without the fight, American national parks might be administered by the US Forest Service. The fight was instrumental in the passage of the National Parks Act of 1916, establishing the National Park Service and defining the mission of American national parks. Also without the Hetch Hetchy fight, dams may have been built in Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks, Dinosaur National Monument, and on either end of Grand Canyon National Park. Over the years, the Hetch Hetchy fight has raised the consciousness of a nation. For the first time the nation questioned the meaning of progress, and in a sense, Hetch Hetchy was a national awakening. Since 1913, the fight has often been used by conservationists as an example of what should not happen to a spectacular mountain valley located in a national park.Less
The legacies of Hetch Hetchy are numerous. Without the fight, American national parks might be administered by the US Forest Service. The fight was instrumental in the passage of the National Parks Act of 1916, establishing the National Park Service and defining the mission of American national parks. Also without the Hetch Hetchy fight, dams may have been built in Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks, Dinosaur National Monument, and on either end of Grand Canyon National Park. Over the years, the Hetch Hetchy fight has raised the consciousness of a nation. For the first time the nation questioned the meaning of progress, and in a sense, Hetch Hetchy was a national awakening. Since 1913, the fight has often been used by conservationists as an example of what should not happen to a spectacular mountain valley located in a national park.
Elizabeth A Clendinning
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780252043383
- eISBN:
- 9780252052262
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252043383.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
The chapter examines the foundation of academic gamelans and their relationships to nearby community gamelans. Using as an example the gamelans in Colorado and across the Rocky Mountains that are ...
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The chapter examines the foundation of academic gamelans and their relationships to nearby community gamelans. Using as an example the gamelans in Colorado and across the Rocky Mountains that are taught by I Made Lasmawan, the chapter discusses how gamelans are founded and supported and the types of artistic and administrative partnerships that are conducive to long-term maintenance of such programs. In this case, substantive financial support for Lasmawan from one key institution, Colorado College, was crucial to his ability to support his family and teach other ensembles part-time at neighboring institutions. In addition, the artistic and logistical support of his family and of members of the high-level Denver-based community group Gamelan Tunas Mekar was crucial for enhancing the quality of academic ensembles’ performances. The chapter concludes that models for academic-community interdependence vary within different geographic and institutional contexts, but building connections between academic and community programs strengthens the likelihood that ensembles will be sustainable.Less
The chapter examines the foundation of academic gamelans and their relationships to nearby community gamelans. Using as an example the gamelans in Colorado and across the Rocky Mountains that are taught by I Made Lasmawan, the chapter discusses how gamelans are founded and supported and the types of artistic and administrative partnerships that are conducive to long-term maintenance of such programs. In this case, substantive financial support for Lasmawan from one key institution, Colorado College, was crucial to his ability to support his family and teach other ensembles part-time at neighboring institutions. In addition, the artistic and logistical support of his family and of members of the high-level Denver-based community group Gamelan Tunas Mekar was crucial for enhancing the quality of academic ensembles’ performances. The chapter concludes that models for academic-community interdependence vary within different geographic and institutional contexts, but building connections between academic and community programs strengthens the likelihood that ensembles will be sustainable.
James Belich
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199297276
- eISBN:
- 9780191700842
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297276.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
As early as the 1830s, the Old Northwest began to expand and blur into that elusive region known as the Midwest. The post-war Midwest centred on a tier of four states, Kansas, Nebraska, and the ...
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As early as the 1830s, the Old Northwest began to expand and blur into that elusive region known as the Midwest. The post-war Midwest centred on a tier of four states, Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas, but was divided into two distinct ecological zones, eastern prairie and western plains, each of which encompassed parts of the states bordering the central tier — Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana to the west, and Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri to the east. The rough dividing line between Plains and Prairies was the 100th meridian, which ran through the middle of the four core states. Plains and Prairies shared one major obstacle to settlement: the local Indians. They were not numerous, but their adoption of the horse and the gun had turned them into extremely formidable light cavalry.Less
As early as the 1830s, the Old Northwest began to expand and blur into that elusive region known as the Midwest. The post-war Midwest centred on a tier of four states, Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas, but was divided into two distinct ecological zones, eastern prairie and western plains, each of which encompassed parts of the states bordering the central tier — Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana to the west, and Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri to the east. The rough dividing line between Plains and Prairies was the 100th meridian, which ran through the middle of the four core states. Plains and Prairies shared one major obstacle to settlement: the local Indians. They were not numerous, but their adoption of the horse and the gun had turned them into extremely formidable light cavalry.
Bruno Verdini Trejo
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262037136
- eISBN:
- 9780262343633
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262037136.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Through an analysis of prominent transboundary natural resource management negotiation cases, Winning Together outlines how government, industry, and NGOs can effectively overcome past grievances, ...
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Through an analysis of prominent transboundary natural resource management negotiation cases, Winning Together outlines how government, industry, and NGOs can effectively overcome past grievances, break the status quo, resolve conflicts, and create mutual gains in high-stakes water, energy, and environmental disputes. The book examines two landmark international negotiations between the United States and Mexico, both with agreements signed in 2012 after several decades of deadlock. The first case involves the conflict over the shared hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico, containing significant oil and natural gas resources. The second analyzes the dispute, amidst severe drought and increased climate risks, over the environmental resources and shared waters of the Colorado River, providing irrigation and water supply to more than 40 million people. For the first time, the two countries established a binational framework to co-develop and jointly manage these transboundary natural resources, as partners. Through unprecedented interviews with over 70 negotiators on both sides of the border, the book underscores strategies by which resource management practitioners can effectively increase river basin supply, re-think irrigation and storage infrastructure, restore ecosystems and habitats, enhance coordination between private and state owned companies, improve energy transition and planning, and re-define the scope and impact of diplomatic partnerships. Winning Together shows how developed and developing countries can move beyond hard-bargaining tactics and avoid the ultimatums that accompany the presumption that there are not enough resources to go around, and that one side must win and the other must inevitably lose.Less
Through an analysis of prominent transboundary natural resource management negotiation cases, Winning Together outlines how government, industry, and NGOs can effectively overcome past grievances, break the status quo, resolve conflicts, and create mutual gains in high-stakes water, energy, and environmental disputes. The book examines two landmark international negotiations between the United States and Mexico, both with agreements signed in 2012 after several decades of deadlock. The first case involves the conflict over the shared hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico, containing significant oil and natural gas resources. The second analyzes the dispute, amidst severe drought and increased climate risks, over the environmental resources and shared waters of the Colorado River, providing irrigation and water supply to more than 40 million people. For the first time, the two countries established a binational framework to co-develop and jointly manage these transboundary natural resources, as partners. Through unprecedented interviews with over 70 negotiators on both sides of the border, the book underscores strategies by which resource management practitioners can effectively increase river basin supply, re-think irrigation and storage infrastructure, restore ecosystems and habitats, enhance coordination between private and state owned companies, improve energy transition and planning, and re-define the scope and impact of diplomatic partnerships. Winning Together shows how developed and developing countries can move beyond hard-bargaining tactics and avoid the ultimatums that accompany the presumption that there are not enough resources to go around, and that one side must win and the other must inevitably lose.
Richard B. Collins, Dale A. Oesterle, and Lawrence Friedman
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- April 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190907723
- eISBN:
- 9780190907754
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190907723.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter explains Article I of the Colorado Constitution, which defines the state’s boundaries. The constitution adopted the boundaries established by Congress under the Organic Act establishing ...
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This chapter explains Article I of the Colorado Constitution, which defines the state’s boundaries. The constitution adopted the boundaries established by Congress under the Organic Act establishing Colorado Territory in 1861, ignoring earlier proposals that used the continental divide as a boundary. The state’s east-west limits are defined by two meridians measured from Washington, D. C. The north-south boundaries are set at 37 and 41 degrees of north latitude. A resurvey of the 37th parallel led to New Mexico’s suit to claim a significant slice of territory, but the Supreme Court rejected the revision based on the standard rule that a resurvey does not change a boundary that has been relied on.Less
This chapter explains Article I of the Colorado Constitution, which defines the state’s boundaries. The constitution adopted the boundaries established by Congress under the Organic Act establishing Colorado Territory in 1861, ignoring earlier proposals that used the continental divide as a boundary. The state’s east-west limits are defined by two meridians measured from Washington, D. C. The north-south boundaries are set at 37 and 41 degrees of north latitude. A resurvey of the 37th parallel led to New Mexico’s suit to claim a significant slice of territory, but the Supreme Court rejected the revision based on the standard rule that a resurvey does not change a boundary that has been relied on.
Lisa M. Martinez
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520267541
- eISBN:
- 9780520948914
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520267541.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
In the spring of 2006, about 150,000 protestors took part in three major demonstrations in Denver, Colorado. This chapter focuses on the coalition of community-based organizations (CBOs) that drove ...
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In the spring of 2006, about 150,000 protestors took part in three major demonstrations in Denver, Colorado. This chapter focuses on the coalition of community-based organizations (CBOs) that drove the 2006 protests in Colorado and, specifically, in the city of Denver. The coalition mobilized Latinos and immigrants, and this chapter explores how CBOs mobilized thousands of protestors in light of opposition (by Latinos and non-Latinos, Republicans and Democrats, and anti-immigrant groups) and negative public perceptions that mounted during the course of the movement. Drawing on fifty-five interviews with CBO leaders, activists, and elected officials, the chapter shows that the 2006 marches were carefully coordinated and would not have been as massive without the combined efforts of a coalition of immigrant rights groups, social justice organizations, the Service Employees International Union, the Colorado Catholic Conference, and community activists. Using political opportunity theory, the chapter describes how organizers mobilized protestors; the tactics, strategies, and frames they employed; and their response to the anti-immigrant countermovement.Less
In the spring of 2006, about 150,000 protestors took part in three major demonstrations in Denver, Colorado. This chapter focuses on the coalition of community-based organizations (CBOs) that drove the 2006 protests in Colorado and, specifically, in the city of Denver. The coalition mobilized Latinos and immigrants, and this chapter explores how CBOs mobilized thousands of protestors in light of opposition (by Latinos and non-Latinos, Republicans and Democrats, and anti-immigrant groups) and negative public perceptions that mounted during the course of the movement. Drawing on fifty-five interviews with CBO leaders, activists, and elected officials, the chapter shows that the 2006 marches were carefully coordinated and would not have been as massive without the combined efforts of a coalition of immigrant rights groups, social justice organizations, the Service Employees International Union, the Colorado Catholic Conference, and community activists. Using political opportunity theory, the chapter describes how organizers mobilized protestors; the tactics, strategies, and frames they employed; and their response to the anti-immigrant countermovement.
Jessica M. Kim
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781469651347
- eISBN:
- 9781469651361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651347.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter considers the role of Los Angeles investors in creating the social and economic inequities that led to the Mexican Revolution. The economic ties between Los Angeles and Mexico developed ...
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This chapter considers the role of Los Angeles investors in creating the social and economic inequities that led to the Mexican Revolution. The economic ties between Los Angeles and Mexico developed prior to the revolution meant that the revolt in Mexico had a profound impact on the city. Mexican revolutionaries identified American investment as one of the causal factors in economic inequalities in Mexico and deliberately targeted American and Los Angeles investors. In fact, leading Mexican revolutionaries Ricardo and Enrique Flores Magón operated from Los Angeles and Mexican revolutionaries organized revolts on Los Angeles-owned properties in Mexico, including the Colorado River Land Company and the Mexican Petroleum Company. White city builders and investors in Los Angeles struggled to keep control over what they considered their Mexican hinterland or periphery.Less
This chapter considers the role of Los Angeles investors in creating the social and economic inequities that led to the Mexican Revolution. The economic ties between Los Angeles and Mexico developed prior to the revolution meant that the revolt in Mexico had a profound impact on the city. Mexican revolutionaries identified American investment as one of the causal factors in economic inequalities in Mexico and deliberately targeted American and Los Angeles investors. In fact, leading Mexican revolutionaries Ricardo and Enrique Flores Magón operated from Los Angeles and Mexican revolutionaries organized revolts on Los Angeles-owned properties in Mexico, including the Colorado River Land Company and the Mexican Petroleum Company. White city builders and investors in Los Angeles struggled to keep control over what they considered their Mexican hinterland or periphery.
Bradley H. Udall
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780226694337
- eISBN:
- 9780226694504
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226694504.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
The two major rivers of the Southwest United States and Mexico, the Colorado and the Rio Grande, were fundamentally and irretrievably altered during the 20th century. Massive dam construction in both ...
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The two major rivers of the Southwest United States and Mexico, the Colorado and the Rio Grande, were fundamentally and irretrievably altered during the 20th century. Massive dam construction in both basins provided new water supplies for agricultural and municipal growth throughout the region. As water needs increased and infrastructure grew to meet these needs, water management laws and agreements also increased in number and complexity. Water demand in both basins grew to equal supplies and now the Colorado River fails to reach the ocean, and the Rio Grande dries in places it historically did not. Natural ecosystems have suffered because of water diversions and both basins now contain endangered aquatic and riparian species. Water management is complex and difficult to modify to meet changing requirements. Climate change will continue to impact both rivers by reducing flows as air temperatures warm, further reducing the ability of these systems to support sustainable supplies for people and ecosystems.Less
The two major rivers of the Southwest United States and Mexico, the Colorado and the Rio Grande, were fundamentally and irretrievably altered during the 20th century. Massive dam construction in both basins provided new water supplies for agricultural and municipal growth throughout the region. As water needs increased and infrastructure grew to meet these needs, water management laws and agreements also increased in number and complexity. Water demand in both basins grew to equal supplies and now the Colorado River fails to reach the ocean, and the Rio Grande dries in places it historically did not. Natural ecosystems have suffered because of water diversions and both basins now contain endangered aquatic and riparian species. Water management is complex and difficult to modify to meet changing requirements. Climate change will continue to impact both rivers by reducing flows as air temperatures warm, further reducing the ability of these systems to support sustainable supplies for people and ecosystems.
Brandon Albrecht, Ron Kegerries, Ron Rogers, and Paul Holden
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780226694337
- eISBN:
- 9780226694504
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226694504.003.0011
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
Native fishes of desert-aquatic ecosystems have been dramatically impacted by nonnative species. Over time, habitat modification and degradation set the stage for the influx of many nonnative taxa. ...
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Native fishes of desert-aquatic ecosystems have been dramatically impacted by nonnative species. Over time, habitat modification and degradation set the stage for the influx of many nonnative taxa. Traditionally, nonnative-fish control has meant attempting to eliminate every individual from habitats of interest. In larger systems, this has proven impossible, and managers have sought ways for nonnatives and natives to coexist by reducing stressors on natives. This chapter describes the nonnative-fish dilemma, lessons learned, and possible pathways for remediation, with a focus on the Colorado River basin. It is argued that greater habitat complexity and more natural flow regimes help natives and nonnatives coexist and concludes that a multiplicity of tools and techniques, along with improved education and public outreach, remain important for conserving native fishes.Less
Native fishes of desert-aquatic ecosystems have been dramatically impacted by nonnative species. Over time, habitat modification and degradation set the stage for the influx of many nonnative taxa. Traditionally, nonnative-fish control has meant attempting to eliminate every individual from habitats of interest. In larger systems, this has proven impossible, and managers have sought ways for nonnatives and natives to coexist by reducing stressors on natives. This chapter describes the nonnative-fish dilemma, lessons learned, and possible pathways for remediation, with a focus on the Colorado River basin. It is argued that greater habitat complexity and more natural flow regimes help natives and nonnatives coexist and concludes that a multiplicity of tools and techniques, along with improved education and public outreach, remain important for conserving native fishes.
Kevin R. Bestgen, Thomas E. Dowling, Brandon Albrecht, and Koreen A. Zelasko
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780226694337
- eISBN:
- 9780226694504
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226694504.003.0021
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
Razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus, a historically widespread and abundant warmwater fish endemic to the Colorado River basin, has declined dramatically. Habitat alteration, dams that block migration ...
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Razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus, a historically widespread and abundant warmwater fish endemic to the Colorado River basin, has declined dramatically. Habitat alteration, dams that block migration routes and alter natural sediment, stream flow, and thermal regimes, channel change, and nonnative fish predation are reasons for decline of razorback sucker. Lack of recruitment was evident more than 50 years ago and all wild fish in basin populations were eventually extirpated, with the possible exception of the small Lake Mead population. Extensive restoration efforts have had mixed outcomes. Various propagation programs have restored reproducing adults in lakes Mohave, Havasu, and Powell in downstream basin reaches, and the San Juan, Colorado, and Green rivers in the upper Colorado River basin. However, nonnative predators reduce survival of stocked fish and recruitment is non-existent except in Lake Mead. Localized recruitment in Lake Mead, and new strategies to enhance juvenile production in isolated lower Colorado River backwaters and connected Green River floodplain wetlands offer examples of recent successes. Further progress toward restoration of large-river fishes including razorback sucker requires additional flow, habitat, and nonnative fish management, and continued long-term support for conservation programs.Less
Razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus, a historically widespread and abundant warmwater fish endemic to the Colorado River basin, has declined dramatically. Habitat alteration, dams that block migration routes and alter natural sediment, stream flow, and thermal regimes, channel change, and nonnative fish predation are reasons for decline of razorback sucker. Lack of recruitment was evident more than 50 years ago and all wild fish in basin populations were eventually extirpated, with the possible exception of the small Lake Mead population. Extensive restoration efforts have had mixed outcomes. Various propagation programs have restored reproducing adults in lakes Mohave, Havasu, and Powell in downstream basin reaches, and the San Juan, Colorado, and Green rivers in the upper Colorado River basin. However, nonnative predators reduce survival of stocked fish and recruitment is non-existent except in Lake Mead. Localized recruitment in Lake Mead, and new strategies to enhance juvenile production in isolated lower Colorado River backwaters and connected Green River floodplain wetlands offer examples of recent successes. Further progress toward restoration of large-river fishes including razorback sucker requires additional flow, habitat, and nonnative fish management, and continued long-term support for conservation programs.
Timothy Kohler and Mark Varien (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520270145
- eISBN:
- 9780520951990
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520270145.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
Ancestral Pueblo farmersexpanded into the deep, productive, well-watered soils of the central Mesa Verde region of southwestern Colorado around AD 600, and within two centuries built some of the ...
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Ancestral Pueblo farmersexpanded into the deep, productive, well-watered soils of the central Mesa Verde region of southwestern Colorado around AD 600, and within two centuries built some of the largest villages known up to that time in the American Southwest. But only one hundred years later, those villages were empty, and most of the people had gone. This cycle repeated itself, though with many more people, from the mid-AD 1000s until1280, when Pueblo farmers left the entire northern Southwestpermanently. Our interdisciplinary team examines how climate change, population size, conflict, resource depression, and changing social and ceremonial organization contribute to explaining these dramatic shifts. Our conclusions depend in part on comparing the output from a series of agent-based models with the precisely dated archaeological record from this area. People visiting or living inthe Southwest, archaeologists working in Neolithic societies anywhere in the world, and researchers applying modeling techniques to understanding how human societies shape and are shaped by the environments we inhabit will read this book with interest.Less
Ancestral Pueblo farmersexpanded into the deep, productive, well-watered soils of the central Mesa Verde region of southwestern Colorado around AD 600, and within two centuries built some of the largest villages known up to that time in the American Southwest. But only one hundred years later, those villages were empty, and most of the people had gone. This cycle repeated itself, though with many more people, from the mid-AD 1000s until1280, when Pueblo farmers left the entire northern Southwestpermanently. Our interdisciplinary team examines how climate change, population size, conflict, resource depression, and changing social and ceremonial organization contribute to explaining these dramatic shifts. Our conclusions depend in part on comparing the output from a series of agent-based models with the precisely dated archaeological record from this area. People visiting or living inthe Southwest, archaeologists working in Neolithic societies anywhere in the world, and researchers applying modeling techniques to understanding how human societies shape and are shaped by the environments we inhabit will read this book with interest.
Douglas Comer
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520204294
- eISBN:
- 9780520918702
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520204294.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
From about 1830 to 1849, Bent's Old Fort, located in present-day Colorado on the Mountain Branch of the Santa Fe Trail, was the largest trading post in the Southwest and the mountain-plains region. ...
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From about 1830 to 1849, Bent's Old Fort, located in present-day Colorado on the Mountain Branch of the Santa Fe Trail, was the largest trading post in the Southwest and the mountain-plains region. Although the raw enterprise and improvisation which characterized the American westward movement seem to have little to do with ritual, this book argues that the fort grew and prospered because of ritual, and that that ritual shaped the subsequent history of the region to an astonishing extent. At Bent's Old Fort, rituals of trade, feasting, gaming, marriage, secret societies, and war, as well as the “calcified ritual” provided by the fort itself, brought together and restructured Anglo, Hispanic, and American Indian cultures. The book sheds new light on this heretofore poorly understood period in American history, building at the same time a case to demonstrate that the human world is made through ritual. The text gives this narrative an anthropological and philosophical framework; the events at Bent's Old Fort provide a compelling example not only of “world formation,” but of a world's tragic collapse, culminating in the Sand Creek massacre. It also calls attention to the reconstructed Bent's Old Fort on the site of the original, where visitors re-enact history, staff work out personal identities, and groups lobby for special versions of history by ritual recasting of the past as the present.Less
From about 1830 to 1849, Bent's Old Fort, located in present-day Colorado on the Mountain Branch of the Santa Fe Trail, was the largest trading post in the Southwest and the mountain-plains region. Although the raw enterprise and improvisation which characterized the American westward movement seem to have little to do with ritual, this book argues that the fort grew and prospered because of ritual, and that that ritual shaped the subsequent history of the region to an astonishing extent. At Bent's Old Fort, rituals of trade, feasting, gaming, marriage, secret societies, and war, as well as the “calcified ritual” provided by the fort itself, brought together and restructured Anglo, Hispanic, and American Indian cultures. The book sheds new light on this heretofore poorly understood period in American history, building at the same time a case to demonstrate that the human world is made through ritual. The text gives this narrative an anthropological and philosophical framework; the events at Bent's Old Fort provide a compelling example not only of “world formation,” but of a world's tragic collapse, culminating in the Sand Creek massacre. It also calls attention to the reconstructed Bent's Old Fort on the site of the original, where visitors re-enact history, staff work out personal identities, and groups lobby for special versions of history by ritual recasting of the past as the present.
Stephen A. Petrill, Robert Plomin, John C. DeFries, and John K. Hewitt (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195157475
- eISBN:
- 9780199848065
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195157475.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Some of the most intriguing issues in the study of cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development arise in the debate over nature versus nurture; a debate ...
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Some of the most intriguing issues in the study of cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development arise in the debate over nature versus nurture; a debate difficult to resolve because it is difficult to separate the respective contributions of genes and environment to development. The most powerful approach to this separation is through longitudinal adoption studies. The Colorado Adoption Project (CAP) is the only longitudinal adoption study in existence examining development continuously from birth to adolescence, which makes it a unique, powerful, and tremendously valuable resource. CAP is an ongoing assessment of 245 adopted children and 245 biological control children assessed from birth to early adolescence. This book is the fourth in a series describing CAP results. This latest volume, edited by four eminent researchers in developmental psychology, builds on the large body of research already generated by investigating the role of genes and environments on early adolescent development.Less
Some of the most intriguing issues in the study of cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development arise in the debate over nature versus nurture; a debate difficult to resolve because it is difficult to separate the respective contributions of genes and environment to development. The most powerful approach to this separation is through longitudinal adoption studies. The Colorado Adoption Project (CAP) is the only longitudinal adoption study in existence examining development continuously from birth to adolescence, which makes it a unique, powerful, and tremendously valuable resource. CAP is an ongoing assessment of 245 adopted children and 245 biological control children assessed from birth to early adolescence. This book is the fourth in a series describing CAP results. This latest volume, edited by four eminent researchers in developmental psychology, builds on the large body of research already generated by investigating the role of genes and environments on early adolescent development.
MaríA E. Montoya
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520227446
- eISBN:
- 9780520926486
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520227446.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
The opposition to the company began to gather strength on various portions of the grant the year following the Supreme Court decision. It was neither concurrence nor chance that the settlers and the ...
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The opposition to the company began to gather strength on various portions of the grant the year following the Supreme Court decision. It was neither concurrence nor chance that the settlers and the company met for their last violent confrontation on the steps of the Pooler Hotel in Stonewall, Colorado. The Pooler Hotel represented everything the settlers viewed as corrupt and foreign about the Maxwell Land Grant Company. In the spring of 1888, the Maxwell Company had sold five thousand acres of land, including the Pooler Hotel and adjacent buildings, to “a group of local and state businessmen” that included Colorado governor Alva Adams. The syndicate bought the land because of its natural beauty, and they intended to create a resort for a railroad company. The settlers knew of the larger sale of land that had once been the farms and ranches of the Vigils, Torreses, Russells, Bells, and others who had lived and raised their families in the valley.Less
The opposition to the company began to gather strength on various portions of the grant the year following the Supreme Court decision. It was neither concurrence nor chance that the settlers and the company met for their last violent confrontation on the steps of the Pooler Hotel in Stonewall, Colorado. The Pooler Hotel represented everything the settlers viewed as corrupt and foreign about the Maxwell Land Grant Company. In the spring of 1888, the Maxwell Company had sold five thousand acres of land, including the Pooler Hotel and adjacent buildings, to “a group of local and state businessmen” that included Colorado governor Alva Adams. The syndicate bought the land because of its natural beauty, and they intended to create a resort for a railroad company. The settlers knew of the larger sale of land that had once been the farms and ranches of the Vigils, Torreses, Russells, Bells, and others who had lived and raised their families in the valley.
Jane H. Hill
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813036076
- eISBN:
- 9780813041780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036076.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
This chapter uses the methods of linguistic paleontology including lexical reconstruction and identification of loan words to suggest migration routes for the dispersal of the Uto-Aztecan languages. ...
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This chapter uses the methods of linguistic paleontology including lexical reconstruction and identification of loan words to suggest migration routes for the dispersal of the Uto-Aztecan languages. Reconstructed plant names and maize vocabulary, as well as probable loan words from Otomanguean languages, suggest a homeland on the northwest fringe of Mesoamerica. The chapter focuses on a migration of speakers of Takic languages, a subgroup of Northern Uto-Aztecan, into California. Plant names inherited in Takic from Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan suggest a homeland including the western drainages of the Colorado River. Plant names traceable only to Proto-Takic suggest a hot desert environment, probably the Mojave Desert. Plant names reconstructable only to Proto-Cupan, the ancestor of the Cupan languages (a Takic subgroup) suggest a homeland in the Coast Ranges of California. The appearance of new sets of plant names at each level of subgrouping are consistent with the recognition of new environments by migrants speaking Uto-Aztecan languages.Less
This chapter uses the methods of linguistic paleontology including lexical reconstruction and identification of loan words to suggest migration routes for the dispersal of the Uto-Aztecan languages. Reconstructed plant names and maize vocabulary, as well as probable loan words from Otomanguean languages, suggest a homeland on the northwest fringe of Mesoamerica. The chapter focuses on a migration of speakers of Takic languages, a subgroup of Northern Uto-Aztecan, into California. Plant names inherited in Takic from Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan suggest a homeland including the western drainages of the Colorado River. Plant names traceable only to Proto-Takic suggest a hot desert environment, probably the Mojave Desert. Plant names reconstructable only to Proto-Cupan, the ancestor of the Cupan languages (a Takic subgroup) suggest a homeland in the Coast Ranges of California. The appearance of new sets of plant names at each level of subgrouping are consistent with the recognition of new environments by migrants speaking Uto-Aztecan languages.
