WILLIAM J. ASHWORTH
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199259212
- eISBN:
- 9780191717918
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259212.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Economic History
This chapter begins with a discussion of the protests unleashed by the decision of the Earl of Bute, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Francis Dashwood, to seek revenue via an Act designed to ...
More
This chapter begins with a discussion of the protests unleashed by the decision of the Earl of Bute, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Francis Dashwood, to seek revenue via an Act designed to raise the excise duty payable upon cider and perry. It then discusses tax and the Colonies, focusing on the issue of ‘no taxation without representation’.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of the protests unleashed by the decision of the Earl of Bute, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Francis Dashwood, to seek revenue via an Act designed to raise the excise duty payable upon cider and perry. It then discusses tax and the Colonies, focusing on the issue of ‘no taxation without representation’.
Andrew Lipman
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300207668
- eISBN:
- 9780300216691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300207668.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
This chapter focuses on the years after the Pequot War and Kieft's War. During this period, villages began rising across the shoreline, some on the exact places where Indian towns had been recently ...
More
This chapter focuses on the years after the Pequot War and Kieft's War. During this period, villages began rising across the shoreline, some on the exact places where Indian towns had been recently destroyed. Before the fighting started almost a hundred miles separated the nearest English and Dutch communities; by 1650 they stood as close as ten miles apart. The overseeing bodies of these overlapping colonies, the United Colonies of New England and the Dutch West India Company, regularly bickered over boundaries. But until the 1650s they had preferred to keep their disputes on paper, only rarely making direct threats over small trespasses. The Dutch Republic and English Commonwealth went to war for the first time in 1652. The relationships between the Indians, English, and Dutch also changed. The threat of violence from all directions made cross-cultural partnerships all the more vital. Algonquians sought colonists to serve as their scribes, arms dealers, and engineers, while Europeans continued to hire Natives as spies, couriers, pilots, and translators. Indians were finding that the foreigners' suspicions could be put to use in winning campaigns against their Native neighbors, as these local conflicts concerned them more than colonial affairs.Less
This chapter focuses on the years after the Pequot War and Kieft's War. During this period, villages began rising across the shoreline, some on the exact places where Indian towns had been recently destroyed. Before the fighting started almost a hundred miles separated the nearest English and Dutch communities; by 1650 they stood as close as ten miles apart. The overseeing bodies of these overlapping colonies, the United Colonies of New England and the Dutch West India Company, regularly bickered over boundaries. But until the 1650s they had preferred to keep their disputes on paper, only rarely making direct threats over small trespasses. The Dutch Republic and English Commonwealth went to war for the first time in 1652. The relationships between the Indians, English, and Dutch also changed. The threat of violence from all directions made cross-cultural partnerships all the more vital. Algonquians sought colonists to serve as their scribes, arms dealers, and engineers, while Europeans continued to hire Natives as spies, couriers, pilots, and translators. Indians were finding that the foreigners' suspicions could be put to use in winning campaigns against their Native neighbors, as these local conflicts concerned them more than colonial affairs.
Jonathan Eacott
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469622309
- eISBN:
- 9781469623153
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469622309.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
Linking four continents over three centuries, Selling Empire demonstrates the centrality of India—both as an idea and a place—to the making of a global British imperial system. This book recasts the ...
More
Linking four continents over three centuries, Selling Empire demonstrates the centrality of India—both as an idea and a place—to the making of a global British imperial system. This book recasts the British empire's chronology and geography by situating the development of consumer culture, the American Revolution, and British industrialization in the commercial intersections linking the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The geography of imperial thinking as well as imagined and real imperial systems did not correlate directly to the geography of imperial rule. In the seventeenth century, Britain was economically, politically, and militarily weaker than India, but Britons increasingly made use of India’s strengths to build their own empire in both America and Asia. Early English colonial promoters first envisioned America as a potential India, hoping that the nascent Atlantic colonies could produce Asian raw materials. When this vision failed to quickly materialize, Britain’s circulation of Indian manufactured goods—from umbrellas to cottons—to Africa, Europe, and America then established an empire of goods and the supposed good of empire. From the seventeenth into the nineteenth century and beyond, the evolving networks, trades, ideas, and fashions that bound India, Britain, and America shaped persisting global structures of economic and cultural interdependence.Less
Linking four continents over three centuries, Selling Empire demonstrates the centrality of India—both as an idea and a place—to the making of a global British imperial system. This book recasts the British empire's chronology and geography by situating the development of consumer culture, the American Revolution, and British industrialization in the commercial intersections linking the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The geography of imperial thinking as well as imagined and real imperial systems did not correlate directly to the geography of imperial rule. In the seventeenth century, Britain was economically, politically, and militarily weaker than India, but Britons increasingly made use of India’s strengths to build their own empire in both America and Asia. Early English colonial promoters first envisioned America as a potential India, hoping that the nascent Atlantic colonies could produce Asian raw materials. When this vision failed to quickly materialize, Britain’s circulation of Indian manufactured goods—from umbrellas to cottons—to Africa, Europe, and America then established an empire of goods and the supposed good of empire. From the seventeenth into the nineteenth century and beyond, the evolving networks, trades, ideas, and fashions that bound India, Britain, and America shaped persisting global structures of economic and cultural interdependence.
Laura Victoir and Victor Zatsepine (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789888139415
- eISBN:
- 9789888180721
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139415.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Colonial powers in China and northern Vietnam employed the built environment for many purposes: as an expression of imperial aspirations, a manifestation of supremacy, a mission to civilize, a ...
More
Colonial powers in China and northern Vietnam employed the built environment for many purposes: as an expression of imperial aspirations, a manifestation of supremacy, a mission to civilize, a re-creation of a home away from home, or simply as a place to live and work. In this volume, scholars of city planning, architecture, and Asian and imperial history provide a detailed analysis of how colonization worked on different levels, and how it was expressed in stone, iron, and concrete. The process of creating the colonial built environment was multilayered and unpredictable. This book uncovers the regional diversity of the colonial built form found from Harbin to Hanoi, varied experiences of the foreign powers in Asia, flexible interactions between the colonizers and the colonized, and the risks entailed in building and living in these colonies and treaty ports.Less
Colonial powers in China and northern Vietnam employed the built environment for many purposes: as an expression of imperial aspirations, a manifestation of supremacy, a mission to civilize, a re-creation of a home away from home, or simply as a place to live and work. In this volume, scholars of city planning, architecture, and Asian and imperial history provide a detailed analysis of how colonization worked on different levels, and how it was expressed in stone, iron, and concrete. The process of creating the colonial built environment was multilayered and unpredictable. This book uncovers the regional diversity of the colonial built form found from Harbin to Hanoi, varied experiences of the foreign powers in Asia, flexible interactions between the colonizers and the colonized, and the risks entailed in building and living in these colonies and treaty ports.
Ned C. Landsman
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205623
- eISBN:
- 9780191676703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205623.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
Among the principal regions of extensive English settlement in North America during the seventeenth century, that which became the Middle Colonies was the last to experience a concerted effort at ...
More
Among the principal regions of extensive English settlement in North America during the seventeenth century, that which became the Middle Colonies was the last to experience a concerted effort at English settlement. While New England, the Chesapeake, and several West Indian islands all attracted substantial immigration before 1660, and Carolina a decade after that, England only asserted its rights to the mid-Atlantic coastline in 1664; its first significant settlement commenced more than a decade later. The fact of late settlement within an already well-established English colonial world was of major significance in the development of the region. Moreover, the existence of neighbouring English settlements gave the region a well-defined role within the English colonial system and affected the character of mid-Atlantic society.Less
Among the principal regions of extensive English settlement in North America during the seventeenth century, that which became the Middle Colonies was the last to experience a concerted effort at English settlement. While New England, the Chesapeake, and several West Indian islands all attracted substantial immigration before 1660, and Carolina a decade after that, England only asserted its rights to the mid-Atlantic coastline in 1664; its first significant settlement commenced more than a decade later. The fact of late settlement within an already well-established English colonial world was of major significance in the development of the region. Moreover, the existence of neighbouring English settlements gave the region a well-defined role within the English colonial system and affected the character of mid-Atlantic society.
John G. Reid and Elizabeth Mancke
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199563746
- eISBN:
- 9780191701900
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563746.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter traces the historical developments that led to the emergence of British North America. It suggests British North America started to take shape following the signing of the Treaty of ...
More
This chapter traces the historical developments that led to the emergence of British North America. It suggests British North America started to take shape following the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 and that it was not a mere incidental creation of the rebellion of the British Empire's Thirteen Colonies. Its origins can be traced in the global processes set in motion by European expansion during the 16th and 17th centuries and its foundations were established by commerce rather than colonization.Less
This chapter traces the historical developments that led to the emergence of British North America. It suggests British North America started to take shape following the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 and that it was not a mere incidental creation of the rebellion of the British Empire's Thirteen Colonies. Its origins can be traced in the global processes set in motion by European expansion during the 16th and 17th centuries and its foundations were established by commerce rather than colonization.
Robert Aldrich and Cindy McCreery (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781784993153
- eISBN:
- 9781526115096
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784993153.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
Crowns and Coloniesis a set of sixteen original essays by distinguished international scholars that explore the relationship between European monarchies and overseas empires. The essays argue that ...
More
Crowns and Coloniesis a set of sixteen original essays by distinguished international scholars that explore the relationship between European monarchies and overseas empires. The essays argue that during much of the history of colonialism there existed a direct and important link between most colonial empires and the institutions of monarchy. The contributions, which encompass the British, French, Dutch, Italian and German empires, examine the constitutional role of the monarchs in overseas territories brought under their flag, royal prerogatives exercised in the empires, individual connections between monarchs and their colonial domains, such aspects of monarchical rule as royal tours and regalia, and the place of indigenous hereditary rulers in the colonial system. Several chapters also focus on the evolution of the Queen as Head of the Commonwealth and former British colonies.Less
Crowns and Coloniesis a set of sixteen original essays by distinguished international scholars that explore the relationship between European monarchies and overseas empires. The essays argue that during much of the history of colonialism there existed a direct and important link between most colonial empires and the institutions of monarchy. The contributions, which encompass the British, French, Dutch, Italian and German empires, examine the constitutional role of the monarchs in overseas territories brought under their flag, royal prerogatives exercised in the empires, individual connections between monarchs and their colonial domains, such aspects of monarchical rule as royal tours and regalia, and the place of indigenous hereditary rulers in the colonial system. Several chapters also focus on the evolution of the Queen as Head of the Commonwealth and former British colonies.
David Brown
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781526131997
- eISBN:
- 9781526152107
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7765/9781526132000.00012
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The Adventurers for Irish land applied their English war profits to colonial development and commandeered England’s great trading companies, the East India Company, Levant Company and Fellowship of ...
More
The Adventurers for Irish land applied their English war profits to colonial development and commandeered England’s great trading companies, the East India Company, Levant Company and Fellowship of Merchant Adventurers. They strengthened their grip on state finance and targeted their colonial profits towards specific loans to finance the parliamentary army, which resulted in further trading concessions. Firmly allied to the War Party in parliament, the Adventurers navigated their way through the political upheavals in England, 1647–49, and although quietly opposed to the execution of Charles I they made no attempt to oppose it.Less
The Adventurers for Irish land applied their English war profits to colonial development and commandeered England’s great trading companies, the East India Company, Levant Company and Fellowship of Merchant Adventurers. They strengthened their grip on state finance and targeted their colonial profits towards specific loans to finance the parliamentary army, which resulted in further trading concessions. Firmly allied to the War Party in parliament, the Adventurers navigated their way through the political upheavals in England, 1647–49, and although quietly opposed to the execution of Charles I they made no attempt to oppose it.
Joseph P. Ward (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496812193
- eISBN:
- 9781496812230
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496812193.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
The introduction explains how, taken together, the essays in this volume bring to light new evidence of the ways in which the modern South—like so many other parts of the post-colonial world—is built ...
More
The introduction explains how, taken together, the essays in this volume bring to light new evidence of the ways in which the modern South—like so many other parts of the post-colonial world—is built upon the wreckage of imperial collapse. Many of the social, economic, political, and environmental pathologies of today’s South took root in failed efforts of Europeans centuries ago to reshape the New World in their own image.Less
The introduction explains how, taken together, the essays in this volume bring to light new evidence of the ways in which the modern South—like so many other parts of the post-colonial world—is built upon the wreckage of imperial collapse. Many of the social, economic, political, and environmental pathologies of today’s South took root in failed efforts of Europeans centuries ago to reshape the New World in their own image.
Vincent G. Potter
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780823216154
- eISBN:
- 9780823284832
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823216154.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, American Philosophy
This chapter focuses on Charles Sanders Peirce's sojourn in England in the 1870s. It also shows the influence on his work of three philosophers from the British Isles—John Duns Scotus, William ...
More
This chapter focuses on Charles Sanders Peirce's sojourn in England in the 1870s. It also shows the influence on his work of three philosophers from the British Isles—John Duns Scotus, William Whewell, and Alexander Bain. These three were chosen not only because of their impact on Peirce's pragmatism, but also because their influence on him is less well known than that of John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume—Peirce's so-called “British Connection.” Even so, the chapter shows how Peirce is not simply a British philosopher who happened to grow up in the Colonies. His pragmatism has a distinctively American spirit about it. That spirit, put roughly, was that ideas, if they are to merit serious attention, must be practical.Less
This chapter focuses on Charles Sanders Peirce's sojourn in England in the 1870s. It also shows the influence on his work of three philosophers from the British Isles—John Duns Scotus, William Whewell, and Alexander Bain. These three were chosen not only because of their impact on Peirce's pragmatism, but also because their influence on him is less well known than that of John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume—Peirce's so-called “British Connection.” Even so, the chapter shows how Peirce is not simply a British philosopher who happened to grow up in the Colonies. His pragmatism has a distinctively American spirit about it. That spirit, put roughly, was that ideas, if they are to merit serious attention, must be practical.
Dora P. Crouch
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195072808
- eISBN:
- 9780197560266
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195072808.003.0013
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Greek and Roman Archaeology
In order to assess the impact of the delivery and drainage of water on the urban pattern in the ancient Greek world, it is necessary to have clear ideas of ...
More
In order to assess the impact of the delivery and drainage of water on the urban pattern in the ancient Greek world, it is necessary to have clear ideas of what forms their cities took. Thus a brief discussion of urban patterns will be useful. Traditional descriptions of ancient Greek cities characterize them by typical street patterns, usually two major types: the Hippodamean grid of Miletus of the fifth century, and the terraces like the blades of a fan found at Pergamon of the late third and second centuries, called “scenographic urbanism.” Yet a more careful examination of the evidence suggests that for different centuries B.C., there are many more urban types than two. Examples standing for both the repertory of physical patterns and the changes in those patterns over time that we may cite are: 1. 7th century B.C.—Akragas (frontispiece): irregular hill-top site of the archaic period 2. 6th century—Paestum (Fig. 5.IB): “bar and stripes” 3. 5th century—Athens (Fig. 5.1A): organic, focused on central acropolis and agora, similar to Akragas pattern 4. 5th century—Morgantina (Fig. 5.1C): typical West Greek pattern of two flat hills with residential quarters grid platted and lower agora between them 5. 4th and 3rd centuries—Priene (Fig. 51.D): based on prototype grid at Miletus (early 5th century—Fig. 22.4) and refinement of grid as used at Rhodes (mid to late 5th century—Fig. 8.3), an adaption of Hippodamean regularity to a small plateau 6. 3rd and 2nd centuries—Pergamon (Fig. 5.1E): scenographic urbanism, with wedge-shaped terraces It is difficult to classify urban plans solely by pattern or by century. This is because the changes did not go together in any simple fashion. Inspection of the street patterns of ancient Greek cities, and the relation of those patterns to the sites, allows them to be classified into five basic types, which for easy remembrance I name after representative cities of each type: 1. Athens-type. A general rule for cities of a[n ancient] culture states that “the capital city is unlike the others in form.” Athens, a seemingly formless, organic city, is quite unlike the well-regulated cities (many of them colonies) of the other types.
Less
In order to assess the impact of the delivery and drainage of water on the urban pattern in the ancient Greek world, it is necessary to have clear ideas of what forms their cities took. Thus a brief discussion of urban patterns will be useful. Traditional descriptions of ancient Greek cities characterize them by typical street patterns, usually two major types: the Hippodamean grid of Miletus of the fifth century, and the terraces like the blades of a fan found at Pergamon of the late third and second centuries, called “scenographic urbanism.” Yet a more careful examination of the evidence suggests that for different centuries B.C., there are many more urban types than two. Examples standing for both the repertory of physical patterns and the changes in those patterns over time that we may cite are: 1. 7th century B.C.—Akragas (frontispiece): irregular hill-top site of the archaic period 2. 6th century—Paestum (Fig. 5.IB): “bar and stripes” 3. 5th century—Athens (Fig. 5.1A): organic, focused on central acropolis and agora, similar to Akragas pattern 4. 5th century—Morgantina (Fig. 5.1C): typical West Greek pattern of two flat hills with residential quarters grid platted and lower agora between them 5. 4th and 3rd centuries—Priene (Fig. 51.D): based on prototype grid at Miletus (early 5th century—Fig. 22.4) and refinement of grid as used at Rhodes (mid to late 5th century—Fig. 8.3), an adaption of Hippodamean regularity to a small plateau 6. 3rd and 2nd centuries—Pergamon (Fig. 5.1E): scenographic urbanism, with wedge-shaped terraces It is difficult to classify urban plans solely by pattern or by century. This is because the changes did not go together in any simple fashion. Inspection of the street patterns of ancient Greek cities, and the relation of those patterns to the sites, allows them to be classified into five basic types, which for easy remembrance I name after representative cities of each type: 1. Athens-type. A general rule for cities of a[n ancient] culture states that “the capital city is unlike the others in form.” Athens, a seemingly formless, organic city, is quite unlike the well-regulated cities (many of them colonies) of the other types.
Robert Peckham (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9789888208449
- eISBN:
- 9789888313563
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208449.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
Empires of Panic is the first book to explore how panics have been historically produced, defined, and managed across different colonial, imperial, and post-imperial settings—from early ...
More
Empires of Panic is the first book to explore how panics have been historically produced, defined, and managed across different colonial, imperial, and post-imperial settings—from early nineteenth-century East Asia to twenty-first-century America. Contributors consider panic in relation to colonial anxieties, rumors, indigenous resistance, and crises, particularly in relation to epidemic disease. How did Western government agencies, policymakers, planners, and other authorities understand, deal with, and neutralize panics? What role did evolving technologies of communication play in the amplification of local panics into global events? Engaging with these questions, the book challenges conventional histories to show how intensifying processes of intelligence gathering did not consolidate empire, but rather served to produce critical uncertainties—the uneven terrain of imperial panic.Less
Empires of Panic is the first book to explore how panics have been historically produced, defined, and managed across different colonial, imperial, and post-imperial settings—from early nineteenth-century East Asia to twenty-first-century America. Contributors consider panic in relation to colonial anxieties, rumors, indigenous resistance, and crises, particularly in relation to epidemic disease. How did Western government agencies, policymakers, planners, and other authorities understand, deal with, and neutralize panics? What role did evolving technologies of communication play in the amplification of local panics into global events? Engaging with these questions, the book challenges conventional histories to show how intensifying processes of intelligence gathering did not consolidate empire, but rather served to produce critical uncertainties—the uneven terrain of imperial panic.
John Donoghue
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226157658
- eISBN:
- 9780226072869
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226072869.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Although religious turmoil enveloped the colonies at the outset of the Revolution, only in New England did these conflicts spark radical reformation-inspired, constitutional revolutions against ...
More
Although religious turmoil enveloped the colonies at the outset of the Revolution, only in New England did these conflicts spark radical reformation-inspired, constitutional revolutions against prerogative forms of civil government. Outrunning the pace of political change set by the “honest party” in England, settlers in Connecticut and Rhode Island established republican governments to preserve the people’s political and spiritual sovereignty in a reformed commonwealth. Roger Williams and Samuel Gorton returned to London to defend Rhode Island’s religiously tolerant, radical reformation experiment from violent annexation by their magisterial enemies in Massachusetts and the United Colonies. Despite the best efforts of New England and Old England’s most talented heresiographers, the pair convinced Parliament’s Committee for Foreign Plantations that the Bay Colony’s persecution of antinomians and Indians had forestalled the progress of the Reformation on the American strand. In this way, colonial emissaries in revolutionary London made the Parliamentary-sanctioned founding of a democratic commonwealth contingent upon a concept of liberty of conscience that encompassed the civil and spiritual sovereignty of native Americans and colonists alike. Coleman Streeters dominated this history, both on New England’s southwestern frontier and in Massachusetts, where Richard Saltonstall became a leader of radical reformation opposition and an exponent of republican structures of colonial government.Less
Although religious turmoil enveloped the colonies at the outset of the Revolution, only in New England did these conflicts spark radical reformation-inspired, constitutional revolutions against prerogative forms of civil government. Outrunning the pace of political change set by the “honest party” in England, settlers in Connecticut and Rhode Island established republican governments to preserve the people’s political and spiritual sovereignty in a reformed commonwealth. Roger Williams and Samuel Gorton returned to London to defend Rhode Island’s religiously tolerant, radical reformation experiment from violent annexation by their magisterial enemies in Massachusetts and the United Colonies. Despite the best efforts of New England and Old England’s most talented heresiographers, the pair convinced Parliament’s Committee for Foreign Plantations that the Bay Colony’s persecution of antinomians and Indians had forestalled the progress of the Reformation on the American strand. In this way, colonial emissaries in revolutionary London made the Parliamentary-sanctioned founding of a democratic commonwealth contingent upon a concept of liberty of conscience that encompassed the civil and spiritual sovereignty of native Americans and colonists alike. Coleman Streeters dominated this history, both on New England’s southwestern frontier and in Massachusetts, where Richard Saltonstall became a leader of radical reformation opposition and an exponent of republican structures of colonial government.
Jonathan Eacott
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469622309
- eISBN:
- 9781469623153
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469622309.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
Between the 1690s and 1721, the East India Company, English woolen and silk spinners and weavers, English Atlantic pirates operating out of colonial ports, and Parliament debated the implications of ...
More
Between the 1690s and 1721, the East India Company, English woolen and silk spinners and weavers, English Atlantic pirates operating out of colonial ports, and Parliament debated the implications of Indian calicoes, leading to new developments in the imperial structure. The government eventually united behind the Calico Acts, legal compromises which traded a prohibition on dyed, stained, and printed cottons in the domestic British market for a regulatory and enforcement system that expanded and entrenched the East India Company’s monopoly over the supply of Asian goods for the British Atlantic. The acts shifted the emphasis away from American colonists as cultivators of Indian raw materials such as silk and cotton wool and towards colonists as consumers of Indian goods.Less
Between the 1690s and 1721, the East India Company, English woolen and silk spinners and weavers, English Atlantic pirates operating out of colonial ports, and Parliament debated the implications of Indian calicoes, leading to new developments in the imperial structure. The government eventually united behind the Calico Acts, legal compromises which traded a prohibition on dyed, stained, and printed cottons in the domestic British market for a regulatory and enforcement system that expanded and entrenched the East India Company’s monopoly over the supply of Asian goods for the British Atlantic. The acts shifted the emphasis away from American colonists as cultivators of Indian raw materials such as silk and cotton wool and towards colonists as consumers of Indian goods.
Jonathan Eacott
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469622309
- eISBN:
- 9781469623153
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469622309.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
The regulations over India goods were contested by smugglers and consumers but generally enforced through policing and the vigorous efforts of merchants and the East India Company to encourage Indian ...
More
The regulations over India goods were contested by smugglers and consumers but generally enforced through policing and the vigorous efforts of merchants and the East India Company to encourage Indian producers and Company servants to supply high-quality, fashionable, and affordable goods. British revenue in India itself was not yet substantial, and although per capita consumption rates of Indian fabrics were higher in American markets than in Europe, the markets themselves and the duty revenues were smaller than those in and from Europe. The purpose of India goods in the trade to Africa for enslaved laborers was clear. To what imperial end such goods should be consumed in the American colonies, however, remained the topic of interest and debate in the imperial government.Less
The regulations over India goods were contested by smugglers and consumers but generally enforced through policing and the vigorous efforts of merchants and the East India Company to encourage Indian producers and Company servants to supply high-quality, fashionable, and affordable goods. British revenue in India itself was not yet substantial, and although per capita consumption rates of Indian fabrics were higher in American markets than in Europe, the markets themselves and the duty revenues were smaller than those in and from Europe. The purpose of India goods in the trade to Africa for enslaved laborers was clear. To what imperial end such goods should be consumed in the American colonies, however, remained the topic of interest and debate in the imperial government.
Mayra Rosario Urrutia
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628461640
- eISBN:
- 9781626745674
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628461640.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
In this essay Mayra Rosario Urrutia explains how policy toward Puerto Rico became part of a regional approach, not only militarily but also in economic and social policies. During the tumultuous ...
More
In this essay Mayra Rosario Urrutia explains how policy toward Puerto Rico became part of a regional approach, not only militarily but also in economic and social policies. During the tumultuous decade of the 1930s, colonial possessions in the Caribbean posed political, economic, and military demands to the United States and Great Britain. The response formulated by both metropolitan governments regarding these needs was shaped by their colonial policies, the effects of the Great Depression, the newly configured strategic and military importance of the Caribbean during the Second World War, and the grievances voiced throughout the islands in the form of uprisings and public protests.Less
In this essay Mayra Rosario Urrutia explains how policy toward Puerto Rico became part of a regional approach, not only militarily but also in economic and social policies. During the tumultuous decade of the 1930s, colonial possessions in the Caribbean posed political, economic, and military demands to the United States and Great Britain. The response formulated by both metropolitan governments regarding these needs was shaped by their colonial policies, the effects of the Great Depression, the newly configured strategic and military importance of the Caribbean during the Second World War, and the grievances voiced throughout the islands in the form of uprisings and public protests.
Alan Lester
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9789888208449
- eISBN:
- 9789888313563
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208449.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
Alan Lester opens the book with an overview of different species of panic produced in different colonial settings of the British Empire. In particular, his interest in “Empire and the Place of Panic” ...
More
Alan Lester opens the book with an overview of different species of panic produced in different colonial settings of the British Empire. In particular, his interest in “Empire and the Place of Panic” (Chapter 1) is in panics affecting settler societies and how the panicked reactions of frontier communities to tales of isolated indigenous attacks often called forth more organized, violent, and “blanket” responses from colonial states or militia-type bodies of settlers. The chapter also considers white “moral panics,” where isolated instances of interracial sex—and especially rumors of the black rape of white women—spurred hugely disproportionate state and civil responses. Although these panics are less overtly to do with disease, Lester’s examples suggest how colonial panics were often both the triggers for and product of crises. Or, expressed somewhat differently, how one panic produced another in a self-perpetuating and reinforcing coproductive looping effect. The chapter concludes by considering the interplay between scales of panic—from micro-level instantiations to the transnational and global—arguing that the study of panic may help to reframe ongoing debates in imperial and global history about the extent and importance of transnational interactions in shaping colonial and imperial identities.Less
Alan Lester opens the book with an overview of different species of panic produced in different colonial settings of the British Empire. In particular, his interest in “Empire and the Place of Panic” (Chapter 1) is in panics affecting settler societies and how the panicked reactions of frontier communities to tales of isolated indigenous attacks often called forth more organized, violent, and “blanket” responses from colonial states or militia-type bodies of settlers. The chapter also considers white “moral panics,” where isolated instances of interracial sex—and especially rumors of the black rape of white women—spurred hugely disproportionate state and civil responses. Although these panics are less overtly to do with disease, Lester’s examples suggest how colonial panics were often both the triggers for and product of crises. Or, expressed somewhat differently, how one panic produced another in a self-perpetuating and reinforcing coproductive looping effect. The chapter concludes by considering the interplay between scales of panic—from micro-level instantiations to the transnational and global—arguing that the study of panic may help to reframe ongoing debates in imperial and global history about the extent and importance of transnational interactions in shaping colonial and imperial identities.
John M. Carroll
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9789888208449
- eISBN:
- 9789888313563
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208449.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Social History
In Chapter 2 John Carroll argues that considering instances of near panic, missed panic, or panic manqué, may illuminate the conditions needed to produce panic. Carroll is concerned with Western ...
More
In Chapter 2 John Carroll argues that considering instances of near panic, missed panic, or panic manqué, may illuminate the conditions needed to produce panic. Carroll is concerned with Western preoccupations about fire in pre–Opium War Canton: worries that extended to anxieties—perhaps even to periodic fear—but failed to ignite into full-blown mass panic of the variety examined by other contributors in the volume. Fire has a long history of conceptual intertwinement with panic, as it does with disease. Conflagration, disease, and panic were certainly conflated in Hong Kong in 1894, when the panic triggered by bubonic plague “spread like wild fire.” In the mid-twentieth century analogies of “fire, flood and red fever” were central to the post–Second World War Truman Doctrine, where US insecurity was emphasized and the spread of world communism imagined as a metaphoric convergence of infectious disease and raging fire. A major theme in Chapter 2 is the way in which localized crises served to heighten cultural and racial differences. In the context of quasi-colonial Canton, fires raised questions about the nature of Chinese state and society, the use of public and private spaces, and the compatibility of East and West.Less
In Chapter 2 John Carroll argues that considering instances of near panic, missed panic, or panic manqué, may illuminate the conditions needed to produce panic. Carroll is concerned with Western preoccupations about fire in pre–Opium War Canton: worries that extended to anxieties—perhaps even to periodic fear—but failed to ignite into full-blown mass panic of the variety examined by other contributors in the volume. Fire has a long history of conceptual intertwinement with panic, as it does with disease. Conflagration, disease, and panic were certainly conflated in Hong Kong in 1894, when the panic triggered by bubonic plague “spread like wild fire.” In the mid-twentieth century analogies of “fire, flood and red fever” were central to the post–Second World War Truman Doctrine, where US insecurity was emphasized and the spread of world communism imagined as a metaphoric convergence of infectious disease and raging fire. A major theme in Chapter 2 is the way in which localized crises served to heighten cultural and racial differences. In the context of quasi-colonial Canton, fires raised questions about the nature of Chinese state and society, the use of public and private spaces, and the compatibility of East and West.
João Rangel de Almeida
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9789888208449
- eISBN:
- 9789888313563
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208449.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Social History
In Chapter 3, João Rangel de Almeida explore the political exploitation of infectious disease “shocks.” More specifically, his focus is on the opportunities furnished by cholera epidemics and the ...
More
In Chapter 3, João Rangel de Almeida explore the political exploitation of infectious disease “shocks.” More specifically, his focus is on the opportunities furnished by cholera epidemics and the panics they incited. The chapter argues that European delegates to the 1851 International Sanitary Conference in Paris used the cholera crisis as a way of negotiating new ways of conducting diplomacy and settling scientific controversies while putting in place a modern program of international epidemic governance. Rangel de Almeida suggests, here, that institutional responses developed to deal with a particular crisis—that of cholera—legitimated Western “health” interventions in the non-Western world, creating a broader context for diplomatic relations and foreign interventions that reverberates in the present.Less
In Chapter 3, João Rangel de Almeida explore the political exploitation of infectious disease “shocks.” More specifically, his focus is on the opportunities furnished by cholera epidemics and the panics they incited. The chapter argues that European delegates to the 1851 International Sanitary Conference in Paris used the cholera crisis as a way of negotiating new ways of conducting diplomacy and settling scientific controversies while putting in place a modern program of international epidemic governance. Rangel de Almeida suggests, here, that institutional responses developed to deal with a particular crisis—that of cholera—legitimated Western “health” interventions in the non-Western world, creating a broader context for diplomatic relations and foreign interventions that reverberates in the present.
James Beattie
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9789888208449
- eISBN:
- 9789888313563
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208449.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Social History
In Chapter 4, “Health Panics, Migration, and Ecological Exchange in the Aftermath of the 1857 Uprising: India, New Zealand, and Australia,” James Beattie considers the ways in which two panics ...
More
In Chapter 4, “Health Panics, Migration, and Ecological Exchange in the Aftermath of the 1857 Uprising: India, New Zealand, and Australia,” James Beattie considers the ways in which two panics overlapped to an extent that they became inseparable. While the Uprising of 1857 in India fuelled a panic about the murderous intentions of the indigenous population, it also triggered a health panic as the British worried about the pathological effects of the land and its climate on their constitution. Beattie tracks unexpected and surprisingly overlooked connections between Australia, New Zealand, and India. The chapter demonstrates how fears of India’s tropical climate after the events of 1857 precipitated a flurry of Australasian proposals for the health migration of British troops and officials from India to the antipodes. The chapter also shows how such fears led to the introduction of Australian trees into India for perceived health benefits, as well as the development of hill stations in Australasia.Less
In Chapter 4, “Health Panics, Migration, and Ecological Exchange in the Aftermath of the 1857 Uprising: India, New Zealand, and Australia,” James Beattie considers the ways in which two panics overlapped to an extent that they became inseparable. While the Uprising of 1857 in India fuelled a panic about the murderous intentions of the indigenous population, it also triggered a health panic as the British worried about the pathological effects of the land and its climate on their constitution. Beattie tracks unexpected and surprisingly overlooked connections between Australia, New Zealand, and India. The chapter demonstrates how fears of India’s tropical climate after the events of 1857 precipitated a flurry of Australasian proposals for the health migration of British troops and officials from India to the antipodes. The chapter also shows how such fears led to the introduction of Australian trees into India for perceived health benefits, as well as the development of hill stations in Australasia.
