Cinnamon Piñon Carlarne
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199553419
- eISBN:
- 9780191594984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199553419.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law, Private International Law
This chapter explores how three EU member states—Germany, the United Kingdom, and Poland—reflect the challenges, progress, and setbacks that define the contours of European climate policy. It begins ...
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This chapter explores how three EU member states—Germany, the United Kingdom, and Poland—reflect the challenges, progress, and setbacks that define the contours of European climate policy. It begins by exploring the roles of Germany and the UK as members of the EU-15 and nominal regional leaders in efforts to advance progressive climate policies. The analysis focuses first and foremost on Germany as the EU's most vocal and active proponent of aggressive climate policy. It then more briefly assesses the climate policy of the UK as a similarly important player in regional climate policy. In order to create a more inclusive picture of the challenges inherent in creating common climate policies for the full EU-27, this chapter also examines Poland's role in—and response to—efforts to create a common European rule of law with regard to climate change.Less
This chapter explores how three EU member states—Germany, the United Kingdom, and Poland—reflect the challenges, progress, and setbacks that define the contours of European climate policy. It begins by exploring the roles of Germany and the UK as members of the EU-15 and nominal regional leaders in efforts to advance progressive climate policies. The analysis focuses first and foremost on Germany as the EU's most vocal and active proponent of aggressive climate policy. It then more briefly assesses the climate policy of the UK as a similarly important player in regional climate policy. In order to create a more inclusive picture of the challenges inherent in creating common climate policies for the full EU-27, this chapter also examines Poland's role in—and response to—efforts to create a common European rule of law with regard to climate change.
Cinnamon Piñon Carlarne
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199553419
- eISBN:
- 9780191594984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199553419.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law, Private International Law
This chapter provides an overview of how the US political system functions, focusing on the role of federalism in shaping policy-making. It reviews the history of environmental policymaking in the US ...
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This chapter provides an overview of how the US political system functions, focusing on the role of federalism in shaping policy-making. It reviews the history of environmental policymaking in the US and explores how climate change policymaking reveals a significant shift in the role and relationship between sub-federal and federal governmental entities in environmental law and policymaking. It seeks to provide an inclusive review of US federal climate change policies, beginning with the White House climate change strategy promoted by President Bush before exploring more recent efforts to overhaul the federal approach to climate change. It also endeavours to shed led light on how shifting federal climate change strategies influence domestic engagement in global climate change politics.Less
This chapter provides an overview of how the US political system functions, focusing on the role of federalism in shaping policy-making. It reviews the history of environmental policymaking in the US and explores how climate change policymaking reveals a significant shift in the role and relationship between sub-federal and federal governmental entities in environmental law and policymaking. It seeks to provide an inclusive review of US federal climate change policies, beginning with the White House climate change strategy promoted by President Bush before exploring more recent efforts to overhaul the federal approach to climate change. It also endeavours to shed led light on how shifting federal climate change strategies influence domestic engagement in global climate change politics.
Cinnamon Piñon Carlarne
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199553419
- eISBN:
- 9780191594984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199553419.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law, Private International Law
This chapter briefly reviews the history of the EU as it relates to the role of EU institutions in environmental policy-making. It explores EU decision-making institutions and processes and the ...
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This chapter briefly reviews the history of the EU as it relates to the role of EU institutions in environmental policy-making. It explores EU decision-making institutions and processes and the relationship between the EU and its member states, with particular reference to role and responsibilities in implementing the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol and otherwise addressing climate change. It then reviews EU climate change law and policy to date, focusing on regional policy initiatives. In examining EU governance systems and climate initiatives, it seeks to begin revealing similarities and differences in EU and US political systems as a preface to more in-depth comparisons in Chapters 7 and 8.Less
This chapter briefly reviews the history of the EU as it relates to the role of EU institutions in environmental policy-making. It explores EU decision-making institutions and processes and the relationship between the EU and its member states, with particular reference to role and responsibilities in implementing the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol and otherwise addressing climate change. It then reviews EU climate change law and policy to date, focusing on regional policy initiatives. In examining EU governance systems and climate initiatives, it seeks to begin revealing similarities and differences in EU and US political systems as a preface to more in-depth comparisons in Chapters 7 and 8.
Cinnamon Piñon Carlarne
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199553419
- eISBN:
- 9780191594984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199553419.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law, Private International Law
The pathways and the perils evident in US and EU climate policy are microcosms of larger international efforts to address climate change. The pushes, pulls, successes, and failures of transatlantic ...
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The pathways and the perils evident in US and EU climate policy are microcosms of larger international efforts to address climate change. The pushes, pulls, successes, and failures of transatlantic climate policy reflect the sheer difficulties inherent first, in international policymaking generally and second, in the context of climate change. This chapter suggests that the experiences of US and EU climate policy over the last two decades offer instructive lessons to developed and developing countries alike as they seek to avoid political and regulatory pitfalls in structuring domestic climate change regimes.Less
The pathways and the perils evident in US and EU climate policy are microcosms of larger international efforts to address climate change. The pushes, pulls, successes, and failures of transatlantic climate policy reflect the sheer difficulties inherent first, in international policymaking generally and second, in the context of climate change. This chapter suggests that the experiences of US and EU climate policy over the last two decades offer instructive lessons to developed and developing countries alike as they seek to avoid political and regulatory pitfalls in structuring domestic climate change regimes.
Kristin Shrader-Frechette
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199794638
- eISBN:
- 9780199919277
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794638.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Chapter 1 begins by stressing the severity of climate change (CC) and showing how, contrary to popular belief, atomic energy is not a viable solution to ...
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Chapter 1 begins by stressing the severity of climate change (CC) and showing how, contrary to popular belief, atomic energy is not a viable solution to CC. Many scientists and most market proponents agree that renewable energy and energy efficiencies are better options. The chapter also shows that government subsidies for oil and nuclear power are the result of flawed science, poor ethics, short-term thinking, and special-interest influence. The chapter has 7 sections, the first of which surveys four major components of the energy crisis. These are oil addiction, non-CC-related deaths from fossil-fuel pollution, nuclear-weapons proliferation, and catastrophic CC. The second section summarizes some of the powerful evidence for global CC. The third section uses historical, ahistorical, Rawlsian, and utilitarian ethical principles to show how developed nations, especially the US, are most responsible for human-caused CC. The fourth section shows why climate-change skeptics, such as “deniers” who doubt CC is real, and “delayers” who say that it should not yet be addressed, have no valid objections. Instead, they all err scientifically and ethically. The fifth section illustrates that all modern scientific methods—and scientific consensus since at least 1995—confirm the reality of global CC. Essentially all expert-scientific analyses published in refereed, scientific-professional journals confirm the reality of global CC. The sixth section of the chapter shows how fossil-fuel special interests have contributed to the continued CC debate largely by paying non-experts to deny or challenge CC. The seventh section of the chapter provides an outline of each chapter in the book, noting that this book makes use of both scientific and ethical analyses to show why nuclear proponents’ arguments err, why CC deniers are wrong, and how scientific-methodological understanding can advance sound energy policy—including conservation, renewable energy, and energy efficiencies.Less
Chapter 1 begins by stressing the severity of climate change (CC) and showing how, contrary to popular belief, atomic energy is not a viable solution to CC. Many scientists and most market proponents agree that renewable energy and energy efficiencies are better options. The chapter also shows that government subsidies for oil and nuclear power are the result of flawed science, poor ethics, short-term thinking, and special-interest influence. The chapter has 7 sections, the first of which surveys four major components of the energy crisis. These are oil addiction, non-CC-related deaths from fossil-fuel pollution, nuclear-weapons proliferation, and catastrophic CC. The second section summarizes some of the powerful evidence for global CC. The third section uses historical, ahistorical, Rawlsian, and utilitarian ethical principles to show how developed nations, especially the US, are most responsible for human-caused CC. The fourth section shows why climate-change skeptics, such as “deniers” who doubt CC is real, and “delayers” who say that it should not yet be addressed, have no valid objections. Instead, they all err scientifically and ethically. The fifth section illustrates that all modern scientific methods—and scientific consensus since at least 1995—confirm the reality of global CC. Essentially all expert-scientific analyses published in refereed, scientific-professional journals confirm the reality of global CC. The sixth section of the chapter shows how fossil-fuel special interests have contributed to the continued CC debate largely by paying non-experts to deny or challenge CC. The seventh section of the chapter provides an outline of each chapter in the book, noting that this book makes use of both scientific and ethical analyses to show why nuclear proponents’ arguments err, why CC deniers are wrong, and how scientific-methodological understanding can advance sound energy policy—including conservation, renewable energy, and energy efficiencies.
David Freestone
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199565931
- eISBN:
- 9780191722028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565931.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law, Private International Law
This chapter provides an introduction to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) system and the key institutions as well as to the processes leading up to, and from, the adoption of ...
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This chapter provides an introduction to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) system and the key institutions as well as to the processes leading up to, and from, the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. It introduces some of the key concepts that will be further developed in later chapters. With the release of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report it is clear that radical action needs to be taken to avoid dangerous climate change. The Stern Review forcefully reminds us that early, radical action in reducing emissions of greenhouse gases is also the most economically sensible approach.Less
This chapter provides an introduction to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) system and the key institutions as well as to the processes leading up to, and from, the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. It introduces some of the key concepts that will be further developed in later chapters. With the release of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report it is clear that radical action needs to be taken to avoid dangerous climate change. The Stern Review forcefully reminds us that early, radical action in reducing emissions of greenhouse gases is also the most economically sensible approach.
Claybourne Fox Clarke and Thiago Chagas
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199565931
- eISBN:
- 9780191722028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565931.003.0028
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law, Private International Law
Aviation emissions are the fastest growing source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Aviation emissions from Annex I Countries increased by 67% between 1990 and 2005 and, according to some ...
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Aviation emissions are the fastest growing source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Aviation emissions from Annex I Countries increased by 67% between 1990 and 2005 and, according to some estimates, by as much as 90% when aviation emissions from non-Annex I Countries are included for this period. This chapter examines the current status of international aviation under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the ongoing debate over developing measures under the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) or including the sector in a post-2012 agreement, the moves by the EU to bring international aviation under the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), and issues that will need to be considered when implementing measures at the international level to reduce the sector's emissions.Less
Aviation emissions are the fastest growing source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Aviation emissions from Annex I Countries increased by 67% between 1990 and 2005 and, according to some estimates, by as much as 90% when aviation emissions from non-Annex I Countries are included for this period. This chapter examines the current status of international aviation under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the ongoing debate over developing measures under the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) or including the sector in a post-2012 agreement, the moves by the EU to bring international aviation under the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), and issues that will need to be considered when implementing measures at the international level to reduce the sector's emissions.
Christopher Tung
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199565931
- eISBN:
- 9780191722028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565931.003.0022
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law, Private International Law
China has had considerable success in establishing policy and legal bases for climate change action. A robust industry has grown up in support of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects despite ...
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China has had considerable success in establishing policy and legal bases for climate change action. A robust industry has grown up in support of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects despite policy hurdles on ownership, pricing, and foreign investment, as well as post-2012 uncertainties. This chapter examines China's sustainable development and climate change policies and laws and their effectiveness in implementing China's international obligations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol. It considers selected carbon law and practice issues in China to date. It also looks at how China will respond to the challenges and contribute to the development of effective climate change solutions after 2012.Less
China has had considerable success in establishing policy and legal bases for climate change action. A robust industry has grown up in support of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects despite policy hurdles on ownership, pricing, and foreign investment, as well as post-2012 uncertainties. This chapter examines China's sustainable development and climate change policies and laws and their effectiveness in implementing China's international obligations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol. It considers selected carbon law and practice issues in China to date. It also looks at how China will respond to the challenges and contribute to the development of effective climate change solutions after 2012.
Etienne S. Benson
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226706153
- eISBN:
- 9780226706320
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226706320.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Environmental History
This chapter describes the adoption of the concept of environment by climate scientists and activists since the 1970s. It shows how producing reliable knowledge about the global climate system ...
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This chapter describes the adoption of the concept of environment by climate scientists and activists since the 1970s. It shows how producing reliable knowledge about the global climate system depended on a global infrastructure of observation and communications, one whose development in the late twentieth century was driven by the globalization of commerce, as well as by the legacies of military competition between the Cold War superpowers. By the end of the twentieth century, as the chapter shows, scientist-activists such as the atmospheric chemist Paul Crutzen were arguing that it was human civilization as a whole that was threatened by global warming and other human impacts on the Earth system, which together constituted a new geological era, the Anthropocene. Nonetheless, practical attempts to marshal humanity as a whole to fight climate change through institutions such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change languished. The chapter concludes by discussing strategies adopted by advocacy organizations such as 350.org since the failed Copenhagen climate summit of 2009 to mitigate and adapt to climate change without depending on the doubtful emergence of global humanity as an effective political actor.Less
This chapter describes the adoption of the concept of environment by climate scientists and activists since the 1970s. It shows how producing reliable knowledge about the global climate system depended on a global infrastructure of observation and communications, one whose development in the late twentieth century was driven by the globalization of commerce, as well as by the legacies of military competition between the Cold War superpowers. By the end of the twentieth century, as the chapter shows, scientist-activists such as the atmospheric chemist Paul Crutzen were arguing that it was human civilization as a whole that was threatened by global warming and other human impacts on the Earth system, which together constituted a new geological era, the Anthropocene. Nonetheless, practical attempts to marshal humanity as a whole to fight climate change through institutions such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change languished. The chapter concludes by discussing strategies adopted by advocacy organizations such as 350.org since the failed Copenhagen climate summit of 2009 to mitigate and adapt to climate change without depending on the doubtful emergence of global humanity as an effective political actor.
Michael Méndez
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780300232158
- eISBN:
- 9780300249378
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300232158.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter discusses the modes and logics environmental justice activists employ in climate policymaking. The concepts of carbon reductionism and climate change from the streets are introduced—they ...
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This chapter discusses the modes and logics environmental justice activists employ in climate policymaking. The concepts of carbon reductionism and climate change from the streets are introduced—they provide an overview and framework that guides the analysis presented in the book.Less
This chapter discusses the modes and logics environmental justice activists employ in climate policymaking. The concepts of carbon reductionism and climate change from the streets are introduced—they provide an overview and framework that guides the analysis presented in the book.
Robert O’Sullivan and Rick Saines
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199565931
- eISBN:
- 9780191722028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565931.003.0027
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law, Private International Law
Tropical forests play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and have consequently moved to the forefront of the discussion about how to effectively reduce global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ...
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Tropical forests play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and have consequently moved to the forefront of the discussion about how to effectively reduce global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigate climate change. At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 13th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) in Bali in December 2007, governments from around the world agreed to consider, over the next two years, ‘policy approaches and positive incentives’ for reducing emissions from tropical deforestation that might become part of an agreement that would follow on after the current commitments under the Kyoto Protocol expire. UNFCCC member states are currently undertaking a work program to consider different policy approaches to address emissions from tropical deforestation in the post-2012 agreement, to be finalized at COP 15 in Copenhagen in 2009. One of the policy options under consideration is a mechanism that would create positive incentives to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). This chapter provides background on international forest carbon policies, making the case that market-based mechanisms are the most appropriate ways to provide the bulk of finance needed to address REDD. In this context it assesses challenges related to REDD and the recognition of credits for REDD in global carbon markets.Less
Tropical forests play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and have consequently moved to the forefront of the discussion about how to effectively reduce global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigate climate change. At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 13th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) in Bali in December 2007, governments from around the world agreed to consider, over the next two years, ‘policy approaches and positive incentives’ for reducing emissions from tropical deforestation that might become part of an agreement that would follow on after the current commitments under the Kyoto Protocol expire. UNFCCC member states are currently undertaking a work program to consider different policy approaches to address emissions from tropical deforestation in the post-2012 agreement, to be finalized at COP 15 in Copenhagen in 2009. One of the policy options under consideration is a mechanism that would create positive incentives to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). This chapter provides background on international forest carbon policies, making the case that market-based mechanisms are the most appropriate ways to provide the bulk of finance needed to address REDD. In this context it assesses challenges related to REDD and the recognition of credits for REDD in global carbon markets.
Carolyn Snell
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847420763
- eISBN:
- 9781447303473
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847420763.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
Since the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to Al Gore and the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the issue of climate change has been central to policy agendas. In the UK, policy ...
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Since the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to Al Gore and the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the issue of climate change has been central to policy agendas. In the UK, policy on climate change occurs at a range of policy levels, and falls under the remit of a number of governmental departments. This chapter discusses a distinctly new focus of policy development, that of environmental policy. It is an area that has had a profound impact on the range of social policy concerns, for example poverty, economic and social globalisation, transport and housing. This chapter outlines some of the key international, European and domestic climate change targets. It also discusses the developments in 2006–07, focusing on recent policy changes. The most notable areas of policy development are the 2006 Climate Change Programme, which sets out the overall government climate change strategy, and contains the main elements such as the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS); the 2007 Energy White Paper Meeting the Energy Challenge, and the 2007 Climate Change Bill. An assessment of the key areas of policy direction is also offered in this chapter including an assessment of the current UK progress which evaluates the capability of the recent policy proposals in addressing climate change.Less
Since the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to Al Gore and the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the issue of climate change has been central to policy agendas. In the UK, policy on climate change occurs at a range of policy levels, and falls under the remit of a number of governmental departments. This chapter discusses a distinctly new focus of policy development, that of environmental policy. It is an area that has had a profound impact on the range of social policy concerns, for example poverty, economic and social globalisation, transport and housing. This chapter outlines some of the key international, European and domestic climate change targets. It also discusses the developments in 2006–07, focusing on recent policy changes. The most notable areas of policy development are the 2006 Climate Change Programme, which sets out the overall government climate change strategy, and contains the main elements such as the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS); the 2007 Energy White Paper Meeting the Energy Challenge, and the 2007 Climate Change Bill. An assessment of the key areas of policy direction is also offered in this chapter including an assessment of the current UK progress which evaluates the capability of the recent policy proposals in addressing climate change.
Murray Ward
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199565931
- eISBN:
- 9780191722028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565931.003.0024
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law, Private International Law
In 2009, global leaders are expected to come together and agree a new multilateral framework to protect the world's climate system. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ...
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In 2009, global leaders are expected to come together and agree a new multilateral framework to protect the world's climate system. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), negotiations have been underway for some years already on an update and enhancement of the Kyoto Protocol. Its first commitment period, under which most developed countries have taken on binding emissions limitation and reduction targets, ends in 2012. The current negotiations are framed by the ‘Bali Action Plan’ agreed at the 13th session of the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP13) meeting in December 2007. This set in place a two-year process expected to result in a global agreement at COP15 in Copenhagen in December 2009. This chapter sets out ideas for what the architecture of a global deal might look like. It describes a concept involving enhanced commitments to constrain emissions in a quantitative and legal manner, as well as a broad set of other elements that are expected to be needed to bring a package together that can win the support of all countries.Less
In 2009, global leaders are expected to come together and agree a new multilateral framework to protect the world's climate system. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), negotiations have been underway for some years already on an update and enhancement of the Kyoto Protocol. Its first commitment period, under which most developed countries have taken on binding emissions limitation and reduction targets, ends in 2012. The current negotiations are framed by the ‘Bali Action Plan’ agreed at the 13th session of the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP13) meeting in December 2007. This set in place a two-year process expected to result in a global agreement at COP15 in Copenhagen in December 2009. This chapter sets out ideas for what the architecture of a global deal might look like. It describes a concept involving enhanced commitments to constrain emissions in a quantitative and legal manner, as well as a broad set of other elements that are expected to be needed to bring a package together that can win the support of all countries.
Sarah Louise Nash
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781529201260
- eISBN:
- 9781529201307
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529201260.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter provides an overview and detailed analysis of the central episodes of policy making on migration and climate change between 2010 and 2015. The first of these episodes is the 16th ...
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This chapter provides an overview and detailed analysis of the central episodes of policy making on migration and climate change between 2010 and 2015. The first of these episodes is the 16th Conference of the Parties (COP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that took place in Cancun in December of 2010. This episode marked the first inclusion of the issue of human mobility in the context of climate change in a text agreed at the global level. The now infamous paragraph 14(f) of the Cancun Adaptation Framework, the provision relating to human mobility, invites Parties to undertake ‘measures to enhance understanding, coordination and cooperation with regard to climate change induced displacement, migration and planned relocation, where appropriate, at national, regional and international levels’ and has been a defining feature of policy making that has followed. One of the first attempts to follow up on Cancun was when UNHCR made climate-change-induced displacement one of the topics to be investigated during the 60th anniversary of the 1951 Refugee Convention, which opportunely fell on July 28, 2011.Less
This chapter provides an overview and detailed analysis of the central episodes of policy making on migration and climate change between 2010 and 2015. The first of these episodes is the 16th Conference of the Parties (COP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that took place in Cancun in December of 2010. This episode marked the first inclusion of the issue of human mobility in the context of climate change in a text agreed at the global level. The now infamous paragraph 14(f) of the Cancun Adaptation Framework, the provision relating to human mobility, invites Parties to undertake ‘measures to enhance understanding, coordination and cooperation with regard to climate change induced displacement, migration and planned relocation, where appropriate, at national, regional and international levels’ and has been a defining feature of policy making that has followed. One of the first attempts to follow up on Cancun was when UNHCR made climate-change-induced displacement one of the topics to be investigated during the 60th anniversary of the 1951 Refugee Convention, which opportunely fell on July 28, 2011.
Rob White
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781529203950
- eISBN:
- 9781529204001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529203950.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the concept of Climate Change Criminology. Climate Change Criminology rests upon the four pillars of crime and harm; global connectedness and ...
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the concept of Climate Change Criminology. Climate Change Criminology rests upon the four pillars of crime and harm; global connectedness and ecological justice; causes and consequences; and power and interests. These are separate but inextricably linked domains of analysis, interpretation, and critique. Each area demands novel ways of thinking about the problem, employing methods and approaches that necessarily push the boundaries of contemporary criminological theory and the purview of modern criminal justice institutions. In several important respects, Climate Change Criminology parallels work which focuses on ‘social harm’ as a constitutive concept. What makes a social harm ‘social’ is the fact that it does not stem from natural causes; it is intrinsically caused by humans. Analysis and response to this is central to the project of Climate Change Criminology.Less
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the concept of Climate Change Criminology. Climate Change Criminology rests upon the four pillars of crime and harm; global connectedness and ecological justice; causes and consequences; and power and interests. These are separate but inextricably linked domains of analysis, interpretation, and critique. Each area demands novel ways of thinking about the problem, employing methods and approaches that necessarily push the boundaries of contemporary criminological theory and the purview of modern criminal justice institutions. In several important respects, Climate Change Criminology parallels work which focuses on ‘social harm’ as a constitutive concept. What makes a social harm ‘social’ is the fact that it does not stem from natural causes; it is intrinsically caused by humans. Analysis and response to this is central to the project of Climate Change Criminology.
Rob White
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781529203950
- eISBN:
- 9781529204001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529203950.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This concluding chapter summarises the main propositions and areas of concern for Climate Change Criminology. It also emphasises the role of criminologists as public intellectuals and political ...
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This concluding chapter summarises the main propositions and areas of concern for Climate Change Criminology. It also emphasises the role of criminologists as public intellectuals and political activists, and the necessity that there be stewards and guardians of the future. This translates into prioritising research, policy, and practice around climate change themes. For criminologists, this means that they need to go beyond parochial viewpoints and those perspectives that frame harm in terms of national or regional interests. Their loyalty has to be to the planet as a whole, rather than being bound by a narrow prescriptive patriotism based on nation. Ultimately, the endeavour of Climate Change Criminology should be to create the conditions for a future that is more forgiving and generous rather than exploitive of humans, environments, and animals.Less
This concluding chapter summarises the main propositions and areas of concern for Climate Change Criminology. It also emphasises the role of criminologists as public intellectuals and political activists, and the necessity that there be stewards and guardians of the future. This translates into prioritising research, policy, and practice around climate change themes. For criminologists, this means that they need to go beyond parochial viewpoints and those perspectives that frame harm in terms of national or regional interests. Their loyalty has to be to the planet as a whole, rather than being bound by a narrow prescriptive patriotism based on nation. Ultimately, the endeavour of Climate Change Criminology should be to create the conditions for a future that is more forgiving and generous rather than exploitive of humans, environments, and animals.
Navroz K. Dubash and Shibani Ghosh
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- December 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780199498734
- eISBN:
- 9780199098408
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199498734.003.0019
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This chapter sets the stage for a discussion on policies by reviewing the emergence of national policies and national institutions. This discussion starts with the National Action Plan on Climate ...
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This chapter sets the stage for a discussion on policies by reviewing the emergence of national policies and national institutions. This discussion starts with the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and its various ‘missions’. It discusses how Indian climate policy was frequently dictated by the pursuit of ‘co-benefits’ that bring both climate and development gains, and the emergence of multiple objectives framing as a useful guide for policy formulation. This leads to a discussion of the formulation of India’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) for the Paris Agreement. Significantly, the chapter also covers the spread of climate institutions which, while weak and in their early stages, provide the spaces within which climate discussion is likely to be mainstreamed, if at all, in the coming years.Less
This chapter sets the stage for a discussion on policies by reviewing the emergence of national policies and national institutions. This discussion starts with the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and its various ‘missions’. It discusses how Indian climate policy was frequently dictated by the pursuit of ‘co-benefits’ that bring both climate and development gains, and the emergence of multiple objectives framing as a useful guide for policy formulation. This leads to a discussion of the formulation of India’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) for the Paris Agreement. Significantly, the chapter also covers the spread of climate institutions which, while weak and in their early stages, provide the spaces within which climate discussion is likely to be mainstreamed, if at all, in the coming years.
Alastair R. Lucas and Veronica Potes
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199299874
- eISBN:
- 9780191714931
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299874.003.0016
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
In the late 1990s, voluntary initiatives and particularly the Voluntary Challenge and Registry Program (VCR), were thought to be preferred instruments for implementing Canada's commitments under the ...
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In the late 1990s, voluntary initiatives and particularly the Voluntary Challenge and Registry Program (VCR), were thought to be preferred instruments for implementing Canada's commitments under the Framework Convention on Climate Change and later under the Kyoto Protocol. However, in January 2005, the Toronto Globe and Mail reported in a headline story on a leaked Government of Canada document entitled ‘Climate Change: Lessons Learned and Future Directions’. The draft document was quoted as stating that the ‘voluntary approach and limited incentives [are] not sufficient to drive substantial change’. Policy-makers would, ‘need more consideration of regulation and taxation to drive behavioural change and technology development and uptake’. This chapter documents and assesses this shift from voluntary to regulatory through a case study of the VCR. It relies on a review the development of Canadian Climate Change policy and on key informants from the energy sector, from government, and from the environmental non-governmental organization (NGO) community.Less
In the late 1990s, voluntary initiatives and particularly the Voluntary Challenge and Registry Program (VCR), were thought to be preferred instruments for implementing Canada's commitments under the Framework Convention on Climate Change and later under the Kyoto Protocol. However, in January 2005, the Toronto Globe and Mail reported in a headline story on a leaked Government of Canada document entitled ‘Climate Change: Lessons Learned and Future Directions’. The draft document was quoted as stating that the ‘voluntary approach and limited incentives [are] not sufficient to drive substantial change’. Policy-makers would, ‘need more consideration of regulation and taxation to drive behavioural change and technology development and uptake’. This chapter documents and assesses this shift from voluntary to regulatory through a case study of the VCR. It relies on a review the development of Canadian Climate Change policy and on key informants from the energy sector, from government, and from the environmental non-governmental organization (NGO) community.
Navroz K. Dubash and Anu Jogesh
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- December 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780199498734
- eISBN:
- 9780199098408
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199498734.003.0020
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
In 2009, the Government of India requested states to develop State Action Plans on Climate Change. Based on a detailed analysis of five state climate plans, this article finds that climate plans ...
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In 2009, the Government of India requested states to develop State Action Plans on Climate Change. Based on a detailed analysis of five state climate plans, this article finds that climate plans provide an important institutional platform to mainstream concerns of environmental sustainability into development planning but fail to update ideas of sustainability to include climate resilience. There are shortcomings in approach, process, formulation of outcomes, and implementation efforts. These shortcomings are united by a common thread—a tendency to prematurely view state climate plans as vehicles for generating implementable actions, rather than an opportunity to redirect development towards climate resilience. However, if state plans are viewed as the beginning of a complex process of updating sustainable development planning rather than as an end in themselves, they provide a foundation upon which climate concerns can be more effectively mainstreamed in local development planning.Less
In 2009, the Government of India requested states to develop State Action Plans on Climate Change. Based on a detailed analysis of five state climate plans, this article finds that climate plans provide an important institutional platform to mainstream concerns of environmental sustainability into development planning but fail to update ideas of sustainability to include climate resilience. There are shortcomings in approach, process, formulation of outcomes, and implementation efforts. These shortcomings are united by a common thread—a tendency to prematurely view state climate plans as vehicles for generating implementable actions, rather than an opportunity to redirect development towards climate resilience. However, if state plans are viewed as the beginning of a complex process of updating sustainable development planning rather than as an end in themselves, they provide a foundation upon which climate concerns can be more effectively mainstreamed in local development planning.
K.S. Kavi Kumar and Brinda Viswanathan
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- December 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780199498734
- eISBN:
- 9780199098408
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199498734.003.0028
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This chapter provides an overview of issues surrounding the mainstreaming of climate change adaptation in the agriculture sector with focus on India. The status of adaptation research focusing on ...
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This chapter provides an overview of issues surrounding the mainstreaming of climate change adaptation in the agriculture sector with focus on India. The status of adaptation research focusing on triggers of adaptation and adaptation strategies, such as innovation, adoption of technologies, risk management, and migration, are discussed. The chapter then deliberates on approaches for mainstreaming climate change adaptation policies, namely, climate-proofing, climate-first, and development-first. The wide-ranging budgetary requirements made by the State Action Plans on Climate Change for the agricultural sector highlight the need for a coherent approach for assessing adaptation budgets, along with the establishment of climate and disaster cells in the line departments of the state governments to integrate the climate risks with the developmental plans.Less
This chapter provides an overview of issues surrounding the mainstreaming of climate change adaptation in the agriculture sector with focus on India. The status of adaptation research focusing on triggers of adaptation and adaptation strategies, such as innovation, adoption of technologies, risk management, and migration, are discussed. The chapter then deliberates on approaches for mainstreaming climate change adaptation policies, namely, climate-proofing, climate-first, and development-first. The wide-ranging budgetary requirements made by the State Action Plans on Climate Change for the agricultural sector highlight the need for a coherent approach for assessing adaptation budgets, along with the establishment of climate and disaster cells in the line departments of the state governments to integrate the climate risks with the developmental plans.
