Benjamin T. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469638089
- eISBN:
- 9781469638140
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469638089.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Mexico today is one of the most dangerous places in the world to report the news, and Mexicans have taken to the street to defend freedom of expression. As Benjamin T. Smith demonstrates in this ...
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Mexico today is one of the most dangerous places in the world to report the news, and Mexicans have taken to the street to defend freedom of expression. As Benjamin T. Smith demonstrates in this history of the press and civil society, the cycle of violent repression and protest over journalism is nothing new. He traces it back to the growth in newspaper production and reading publics between 1940 and 1976, when a national thirst for tabloids, crime sheets, and magazines reached far beyond the middle class.
As Mexicans began to view local and national events through the prism of journalism, everyday politics changed radically. Even while lauding the liberty of the press, the state developed an arsenal of methods to control what was printed, including sophisticated spin and misdirection techniques, covert financial payments, and campaigns of threats, imprisonment, beatings, and even murder. The press was also pressured by media monopolists tacking between government demands and public expectations to maximize profits, and by coalitions of ordinary citizens demanding that local newspapers publicize stories of corruption, incompetence, and state violence. Since the Cold War, both in Mexico City and in the provinces, a robust radical journalism has posed challenges to government forces.Less
Mexico today is one of the most dangerous places in the world to report the news, and Mexicans have taken to the street to defend freedom of expression. As Benjamin T. Smith demonstrates in this history of the press and civil society, the cycle of violent repression and protest over journalism is nothing new. He traces it back to the growth in newspaper production and reading publics between 1940 and 1976, when a national thirst for tabloids, crime sheets, and magazines reached far beyond the middle class.
As Mexicans began to view local and national events through the prism of journalism, everyday politics changed radically. Even while lauding the liberty of the press, the state developed an arsenal of methods to control what was printed, including sophisticated spin and misdirection techniques, covert financial payments, and campaigns of threats, imprisonment, beatings, and even murder. The press was also pressured by media monopolists tacking between government demands and public expectations to maximize profits, and by coalitions of ordinary citizens demanding that local newspapers publicize stories of corruption, incompetence, and state violence. Since the Cold War, both in Mexico City and in the provinces, a robust radical journalism has posed challenges to government forces.
David Goldberg
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469633626
- eISBN:
- 9781469633633
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469633626.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter focuses on the influence that the Black Power movement and rise of employment discrimination litigation had on the Vulcan Society and Black firefighters across the country. The ...
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This chapter focuses on the influence that the Black Power movement and rise of employment discrimination litigation had on the Vulcan Society and Black firefighters across the country. The dialectical relationships between the civil rights and Black Power movements and the Vulcan Society’s old and new guard eventually transformed the organization and its objectives and helped facilitate the IABPFF, a national Black caucus group formed to combat discrimination and increase Black representation in — and community control of — urban fire departments. Both the IABPFF and the Vulcan Society embraced “separatism without separation,” and used their “outsider status within a white-dominated institution,” as well as shifts in employment discrimination case law, to “reveal the inner workings of institutional racism” within the FDNY and urban fire departments more generally. This shift was instrumental in the fight to establish legal remedies to address institutionalized racism and its impact on the racial composition of urban fire departments and became the primary method used by the Vulcan Society and the IABPFF and its local affiliates to make fire departments more representative of and responsive to the people and communities they servedLess
This chapter focuses on the influence that the Black Power movement and rise of employment discrimination litigation had on the Vulcan Society and Black firefighters across the country. The dialectical relationships between the civil rights and Black Power movements and the Vulcan Society’s old and new guard eventually transformed the organization and its objectives and helped facilitate the IABPFF, a national Black caucus group formed to combat discrimination and increase Black representation in — and community control of — urban fire departments. Both the IABPFF and the Vulcan Society embraced “separatism without separation,” and used their “outsider status within a white-dominated institution,” as well as shifts in employment discrimination case law, to “reveal the inner workings of institutional racism” within the FDNY and urban fire departments more generally. This shift was instrumental in the fight to establish legal remedies to address institutionalized racism and its impact on the racial composition of urban fire departments and became the primary method used by the Vulcan Society and the IABPFF and its local affiliates to make fire departments more representative of and responsive to the people and communities they served
Eric R. Wolf
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520223332
- eISBN:
- 9780520924871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520223332.003.0024
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Theory and Practice
The concept of Society has a history, a historical function within a determinate context, in a particular part of the world. This chapter explores the implications of one of the basic concepts, that ...
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The concept of Society has a history, a historical function within a determinate context, in a particular part of the world. This chapter explores the implications of one of the basic concepts, that of Society, precisely because the term carries with it a freight of connotations of which one remains largely unconscious. The concept of Society, seen as a whole, a totality, a system, poses its own problems. The sense of Society—the one that interests social scientist—beyond the association of those infused with the Holy Spirit, is Civil Society. This study also examines reasons that make the concept of Society so difficult to apply in the very different morphologies of non-Western civilizational systems and cultural orders. The attempt to understand what humans do and conceive economically, politically, socially, cognitively, and emotionally all at once is always a hallmark of anthropology, and that goal remains a usable and productive program.Less
The concept of Society has a history, a historical function within a determinate context, in a particular part of the world. This chapter explores the implications of one of the basic concepts, that of Society, precisely because the term carries with it a freight of connotations of which one remains largely unconscious. The concept of Society, seen as a whole, a totality, a system, poses its own problems. The sense of Society—the one that interests social scientist—beyond the association of those infused with the Holy Spirit, is Civil Society. This study also examines reasons that make the concept of Society so difficult to apply in the very different morphologies of non-Western civilizational systems and cultural orders. The attempt to understand what humans do and conceive economically, politically, socially, cognitively, and emotionally all at once is always a hallmark of anthropology, and that goal remains a usable and productive program.
Simine Short
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036316
- eISBN:
- 9780252093326
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036316.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter describes Octave Chanute's search for accomplishments beyond a successful career. While the engineering profession gave him administrative experience, personal contacts, and status, he ...
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This chapter describes Octave Chanute's search for accomplishments beyond a successful career. While the engineering profession gave him administrative experience, personal contacts, and status, he strived for higher goals and wanted to emulate European civil engineers, who did not just design public works but sought new challenges and possessed the energy to fight for innovation. Envisioning his career, Chanute wanted freedom to realize his personal capabilities. He wished to solve problems, to attract clients who would seek his advice as the authoritative voice on special projects, and to advise in lawsuits as an expert engineering witness. Chanute also sought recognition and respect from his peers. The chapter details Chanute's membership in the American Society of Civil Engineers; his involvement in the evolution of New York City's urban transit system; his interest in aeronautics; and his life as an independent consulting engineer.Less
This chapter describes Octave Chanute's search for accomplishments beyond a successful career. While the engineering profession gave him administrative experience, personal contacts, and status, he strived for higher goals and wanted to emulate European civil engineers, who did not just design public works but sought new challenges and possessed the energy to fight for innovation. Envisioning his career, Chanute wanted freedom to realize his personal capabilities. He wished to solve problems, to attract clients who would seek his advice as the authoritative voice on special projects, and to advise in lawsuits as an expert engineering witness. Chanute also sought recognition and respect from his peers. The chapter details Chanute's membership in the American Society of Civil Engineers; his involvement in the evolution of New York City's urban transit system; his interest in aeronautics; and his life as an independent consulting engineer.
Beate Kohler-Koch and Vanessa Buth
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199674596
- eISBN:
- 9780191756221
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199674596.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
The democratic quality of civil society input cannot be deduced from the analysis of their participation in EU governance. Rather, it is necessary to know whom they represent. The chapter scrutinizes ...
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The democratic quality of civil society input cannot be deduced from the analysis of their participation in EU governance. Rather, it is necessary to know whom they represent. The chapter scrutinizes the NGOs’ claim that they function as transmission belts between citizens and EU decision-makers. NGOs have benefitted from the turn to participatory governance; they have received support, funding, and often a privileged access to the European Commission. This did not make them dependent but turned them into EU minded actors. Based on the parameters of organizational theory (formal decision-making structures, institutionalization, specialization, resources, demography, and location) the authors demonstrate that EU-level NGOs are well positioned to hold their ground in the competition with other interest groups. But the flip side of the coin is that the democratic participation at the grassroots level is negatively affected.Less
The democratic quality of civil society input cannot be deduced from the analysis of their participation in EU governance. Rather, it is necessary to know whom they represent. The chapter scrutinizes the NGOs’ claim that they function as transmission belts between citizens and EU decision-makers. NGOs have benefitted from the turn to participatory governance; they have received support, funding, and often a privileged access to the European Commission. This did not make them dependent but turned them into EU minded actors. Based on the parameters of organizational theory (formal decision-making structures, institutionalization, specialization, resources, demography, and location) the authors demonstrate that EU-level NGOs are well positioned to hold their ground in the competition with other interest groups. But the flip side of the coin is that the democratic participation at the grassroots level is negatively affected.
Christine Quittkat and Beate Kohler-Koch
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199674596
- eISBN:
- 9780191756221
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199674596.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Over the years, the European Commission has intensified cooperation with social actors. This chapter gives an account of the shifting aims and patterns of civil society consultations and of newly ...
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Over the years, the European Commission has intensified cooperation with social actors. This chapter gives an account of the shifting aims and patterns of civil society consultations and of newly established procedures and instruments. The authors analyze the dynamic evolution of the Commission’s consultation regime in terms of principles and norms, which reflect the concept of participative and/or deliberative democracy. They are therefore able to uncover qualitative changes from “generation” to “generation” and evaluate each generation according to their goals, the degree of commitment, formalization, area of application, addressees and accessibility. The chapter gives a differentiated picture that draws attention to general characteristics but also to the different ways individual Directorate-Generals respond to the specific needs of their policy field. It shows that the Commission has further developed the practice of consultation mainly in order to achieve (not quite successfully) classic democratic principles of representativeness, transparency and inclusiveness.Less
Over the years, the European Commission has intensified cooperation with social actors. This chapter gives an account of the shifting aims and patterns of civil society consultations and of newly established procedures and instruments. The authors analyze the dynamic evolution of the Commission’s consultation regime in terms of principles and norms, which reflect the concept of participative and/or deliberative democracy. They are therefore able to uncover qualitative changes from “generation” to “generation” and evaluate each generation according to their goals, the degree of commitment, formalization, area of application, addressees and accessibility. The chapter gives a differentiated picture that draws attention to general characteristics but also to the different ways individual Directorate-Generals respond to the specific needs of their policy field. It shows that the Commission has further developed the practice of consultation mainly in order to achieve (not quite successfully) classic democratic principles of representativeness, transparency and inclusiveness.
Steven B. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300198393
- eISBN:
- 9780300220988
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300198393.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Hegel represents the apotheosis of the bourgeois world of early modernity in its confidence and optimism. His image of civil society, or burgerliche Gesellschaft, was the site of the rule of law, the ...
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Hegel represents the apotheosis of the bourgeois world of early modernity in its confidence and optimism. His image of civil society, or burgerliche Gesellschaft, was the site of the rule of law, the market economy, and a world governed by individual self-interest, and free “subjectivity.” Hegel’s historical interpretation of modern civil society drew on the works of modern secular thinkers like David Hume and Adam Smith, but he also traced the modern bourgeois world back to Christianity, with its belief in the freedom and dignity of the individual. He gave modernity a theological interpretation that was furiously resisted by Marx and later Nietzsche. Hegel anticipated many of the problems of the modern marketplace, especially poverty and the creation of a permanently unemployed underclass, but this did not stop him from regarding the modern world as the pinnacle of world history.Less
Hegel represents the apotheosis of the bourgeois world of early modernity in its confidence and optimism. His image of civil society, or burgerliche Gesellschaft, was the site of the rule of law, the market economy, and a world governed by individual self-interest, and free “subjectivity.” Hegel’s historical interpretation of modern civil society drew on the works of modern secular thinkers like David Hume and Adam Smith, but he also traced the modern bourgeois world back to Christianity, with its belief in the freedom and dignity of the individual. He gave modernity a theological interpretation that was furiously resisted by Marx and later Nietzsche. Hegel anticipated many of the problems of the modern marketplace, especially poverty and the creation of a permanently unemployed underclass, but this did not stop him from regarding the modern world as the pinnacle of world history.
Alan Kidd and Melanie Tebbutt (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780719090356
- eISBN:
- 9781526124081
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719090356.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change
This book of essays on British social and cultural history since the eighteenth century draws attention to relatively neglected topics including personal and collective identities, the meanings of ...
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This book of essays on British social and cultural history since the eighteenth century draws attention to relatively neglected topics including personal and collective identities, the meanings of place, especially locality, and the significance of cultures of association. The essays capture in various ways the cultural meanings of political and civic life, from their expression in eighteenth-century administrative practices, to the evolving knowledge cultures of county historical societies, the imaginative and material construction of place reputations and struggles to establish medical provision for the working-class in the face of entrenched special interests. They also explore the changing relationship between the state and the voluntary sector in the twentieth-century and the role of popular magazines and the press in mediating and shaping popular opinion in an era of popular democracy. It is of interest that several of the essays take Manchester or Lancashire as their focus. Themes range from rural England in the eighteenth century to the urbanizing society of the nineteenth century; from the Home Front in the First World War to voluntary action in the welfare state; from post 1945 civic culture to the advice columns of teenage magazines and the national press. Various aspects of civil society connect these themes notably: the different identities of place, locality and association that emerged with the growth of an urban environment during the nineteenth century and the shifting landscape of public discourse on social welfare and personal morality in the twentieth-century.Less
This book of essays on British social and cultural history since the eighteenth century draws attention to relatively neglected topics including personal and collective identities, the meanings of place, especially locality, and the significance of cultures of association. The essays capture in various ways the cultural meanings of political and civic life, from their expression in eighteenth-century administrative practices, to the evolving knowledge cultures of county historical societies, the imaginative and material construction of place reputations and struggles to establish medical provision for the working-class in the face of entrenched special interests. They also explore the changing relationship between the state and the voluntary sector in the twentieth-century and the role of popular magazines and the press in mediating and shaping popular opinion in an era of popular democracy. It is of interest that several of the essays take Manchester or Lancashire as their focus. Themes range from rural England in the eighteenth century to the urbanizing society of the nineteenth century; from the Home Front in the First World War to voluntary action in the welfare state; from post 1945 civic culture to the advice columns of teenage magazines and the national press. Various aspects of civil society connect these themes notably: the different identities of place, locality and association that emerged with the growth of an urban environment during the nineteenth century and the shifting landscape of public discourse on social welfare and personal morality in the twentieth-century.
Jonathan Pattenden
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719089145
- eISBN:
- 9781526109583
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719089145.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
Intended for researchers, students, policymakers and practitioners, this book draws on detailed longitudinal fieldwork in rural south India to analyse the conditions of the rural poor and their ...
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Intended for researchers, students, policymakers and practitioners, this book draws on detailed longitudinal fieldwork in rural south India to analyse the conditions of the rural poor and their patterns of change. Focusing on the three interrelated arenas of production, state, and civil society, it argues for a class-relational approach focused on forms of exploitation, domination and accumulation. The book focuses on class relations, how they are mediated by state institutions and civil society organisations, and how they vary within the countryside, when rural-based labour migrates to the city, and according to patterns of accumulation, caste dynamics, and villages’ levels of irrigation and degrees of remoteness. More specifically it analyses class relations in the agriculture and construction sectors, and among local government institutions, social movements, community-based organisations and NGOs. It shows how the dominant class reproduces its control over labour by shaping the activities of increasingly prominent local government institutions, and by exerting influence over the mass of new community-based organisations whose formation has been fostered by neoliberal policy. The book is centrally concerned with countervailing moves to improve the position of classes of labour. Increasingly informalised and segmented across multiple occupations in multiple locations, India’s ‘classes of labour’ are far from passive in the face of ongoing processes of exploitation and domination. Forms of labouring class organisation are often small-scale and tend to be oriented around the state and social policy. Despite their limitations, the book argues that such forms of contestation of government policy currently play a significant role in strategies for redistributing power and resources towards the labouring class, and suggests that they can help to clear the way for more broad-based and fundamental social change.Less
Intended for researchers, students, policymakers and practitioners, this book draws on detailed longitudinal fieldwork in rural south India to analyse the conditions of the rural poor and their patterns of change. Focusing on the three interrelated arenas of production, state, and civil society, it argues for a class-relational approach focused on forms of exploitation, domination and accumulation. The book focuses on class relations, how they are mediated by state institutions and civil society organisations, and how they vary within the countryside, when rural-based labour migrates to the city, and according to patterns of accumulation, caste dynamics, and villages’ levels of irrigation and degrees of remoteness. More specifically it analyses class relations in the agriculture and construction sectors, and among local government institutions, social movements, community-based organisations and NGOs. It shows how the dominant class reproduces its control over labour by shaping the activities of increasingly prominent local government institutions, and by exerting influence over the mass of new community-based organisations whose formation has been fostered by neoliberal policy. The book is centrally concerned with countervailing moves to improve the position of classes of labour. Increasingly informalised and segmented across multiple occupations in multiple locations, India’s ‘classes of labour’ are far from passive in the face of ongoing processes of exploitation and domination. Forms of labouring class organisation are often small-scale and tend to be oriented around the state and social policy. Despite their limitations, the book argues that such forms of contestation of government policy currently play a significant role in strategies for redistributing power and resources towards the labouring class, and suggests that they can help to clear the way for more broad-based and fundamental social change.
Alvin Y. So and Stephen Wing-kai Chiu
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789888083497
- eISBN:
- 9789882209107
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083497.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Using theoretical framework expounded by Evans in Chapter 1, this chapter examines how a classic developmental state – South Korea – has, in the wake of the 1997-8 Asian financial crisis, transformed ...
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Using theoretical framework expounded by Evans in Chapter 1, this chapter examines how a classic developmental state – South Korea – has, in the wake of the 1997-8 Asian financial crisis, transformed itself from an ailing crony state into a participatory democracy through simultaneously reinvigorating civil society, restoring markets, and strengthening the role of the state. These processes have further empowered the chaebols (large diversified family-owned conglomerates), while democratization has weakened the foundations of a developmental state based on authoritarianism and repression of civil society. This case study provides a helpful comparative model for Hong Kong.Less
Using theoretical framework expounded by Evans in Chapter 1, this chapter examines how a classic developmental state – South Korea – has, in the wake of the 1997-8 Asian financial crisis, transformed itself from an ailing crony state into a participatory democracy through simultaneously reinvigorating civil society, restoring markets, and strengthening the role of the state. These processes have further empowered the chaebols (large diversified family-owned conglomerates), while democratization has weakened the foundations of a developmental state based on authoritarianism and repression of civil society. This case study provides a helpful comparative model for Hong Kong.
Craig Smith
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474413275
- eISBN:
- 9781474460187
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474413275.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Adam Ferguson was a Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh and a leading member of the Scottish Enlightenment. A friend of David Hume and Adam Smith, Ferguson was among the ...
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Adam Ferguson was a Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh and a leading member of the Scottish Enlightenment. A friend of David Hume and Adam Smith, Ferguson was among the leading exponents of the Scottish Enlightenment’s attempts to develop a science of man and was among the first in the English speaking world to make use of the terms civilization, civil society, and political science.
This book challenges many of the prevailing assumptions about Ferguson’s thinking. It explores how Ferguson sought to create a methodology for moral science that combined empirically based social theory with normative moralising with a view to supporting the virtuous education of the British elite. The Ferguson that emerges is far from the stereotyped image of a nostalgic republican sceptical about modernity, and instead is one much closer to the mainstream Scottish Enlightenment’s defence of eighteenth century British commercial society.Less
Adam Ferguson was a Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh and a leading member of the Scottish Enlightenment. A friend of David Hume and Adam Smith, Ferguson was among the leading exponents of the Scottish Enlightenment’s attempts to develop a science of man and was among the first in the English speaking world to make use of the terms civilization, civil society, and political science.
This book challenges many of the prevailing assumptions about Ferguson’s thinking. It explores how Ferguson sought to create a methodology for moral science that combined empirically based social theory with normative moralising with a view to supporting the virtuous education of the British elite. The Ferguson that emerges is far from the stereotyped image of a nostalgic republican sceptical about modernity, and instead is one much closer to the mainstream Scottish Enlightenment’s defence of eighteenth century British commercial society.
Beate Kohler-Koch
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199674596
- eISBN:
- 9780191756221
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199674596.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
The second chapter gives an account of how and why the ideas of civil society participation and participatory democracy became prominent in the EU. In less than a decade, actors which previously were ...
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The second chapter gives an account of how and why the ideas of civil society participation and participatory democracy became prominent in the EU. In less than a decade, actors which previously were classified as interest groups became the beacon of hope for democracy, and stakeholder governance began to compete with the deepening of representative democracy. The author employs John W. Kingdon’s multiple stream approach and thus arrives at a sound theoretical explanation why the principle of participatory democracy was institutionalized and why in the course of implementation it was reduced to a concept of participatory governance. She traces the political discussion of the concept from the beginning of the century to its practical application and explicates how the conflicting positions of relevant actors finally converged.Less
The second chapter gives an account of how and why the ideas of civil society participation and participatory democracy became prominent in the EU. In less than a decade, actors which previously were classified as interest groups became the beacon of hope for democracy, and stakeholder governance began to compete with the deepening of representative democracy. The author employs John W. Kingdon’s multiple stream approach and thus arrives at a sound theoretical explanation why the principle of participatory democracy was institutionalized and why in the course of implementation it was reduced to a concept of participatory governance. She traces the political discussion of the concept from the beginning of the century to its practical application and explicates how the conflicting positions of relevant actors finally converged.
Beate Kohler-Koch
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199674596
- eISBN:
- 9780191756221
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199674596.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
The last chapter addresses the overarching question of the book, that is, whether civil society participation in EU policy-making furthers participative democratic governance. Based on the thorough ...
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The last chapter addresses the overarching question of the book, that is, whether civil society participation in EU policy-making furthers participative democratic governance. Based on the thorough analysis of the previous empirical chapters, the author comes to a well-balanced though disillusioning conclusion: Despite open consultations and the support given to NGOs, civil society participation achieved little to redress imbalances in the presentation of social interests and did not close the gap in core-periphery interest representation. The engagement of civil society organizations did also not reverse the limited public awareness of EU politics, the distance to the citizens, and the lack of public accountability. More participatory consultations further pluralism in EU lobbying but also have side-effects with dubious democratic implications by favoring centralization and lending legitimacy to unelected bodies.Less
The last chapter addresses the overarching question of the book, that is, whether civil society participation in EU policy-making furthers participative democratic governance. Based on the thorough analysis of the previous empirical chapters, the author comes to a well-balanced though disillusioning conclusion: Despite open consultations and the support given to NGOs, civil society participation achieved little to redress imbalances in the presentation of social interests and did not close the gap in core-periphery interest representation. The engagement of civil society organizations did also not reverse the limited public awareness of EU politics, the distance to the citizens, and the lack of public accountability. More participatory consultations further pluralism in EU lobbying but also have side-effects with dubious democratic implications by favoring centralization and lending legitimacy to unelected bodies.
Chibli Mallat
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199394203
- eISBN:
- 9780199394234
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199394203.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Private International Law, Philosophy of Law
When it comes to constitution-writing, the model developed in the Atlantic revolution remains the dominant template in the world. Drawn from the titles of the US Constitution of 1787, the acronym ...
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When it comes to constitution-writing, the model developed in the Atlantic revolution remains the dominant template in the world. Drawn from the titles of the US Constitution of 1787, the acronym LEJFARC summarizes the template, with variations on presidential/parliamentary system, mono- or bicameralism, judicial review, and federalism. There is no other template available, but the concept of Civil Society (CS) provides a counter model where the constitution in examined from the bottom up, focusing on anti-subordination review options for the citizen and the sub-national groups, and on ways to prevent those who are “in” government to keep “out” those who are outside it.Less
When it comes to constitution-writing, the model developed in the Atlantic revolution remains the dominant template in the world. Drawn from the titles of the US Constitution of 1787, the acronym LEJFARC summarizes the template, with variations on presidential/parliamentary system, mono- or bicameralism, judicial review, and federalism. There is no other template available, but the concept of Civil Society (CS) provides a counter model where the constitution in examined from the bottom up, focusing on anti-subordination review options for the citizen and the sub-national groups, and on ways to prevent those who are “in” government to keep “out” those who are outside it.
Craig Smith
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474413275
- eISBN:
- 9781474460187
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474413275.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This chapter makes the case for Ferguson as a partisan for civilisation and sees him not as a critic of modern commercial society, but rather as someone deeply aware of its fragility. The benefits of ...
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This chapter makes the case for Ferguson as a partisan for civilisation and sees him not as a critic of modern commercial society, but rather as someone deeply aware of its fragility. The benefits of civilisation are wealth and freedom, and Ferguson defends both of them. The chapter argues that Ferguson’s theory of the evolution of nations and their institutions sits alongside his attempt to educate the virtuous gentlemen necessary to make the right decisions to maintain the benefits of wealthy and free societies. Ferguson’s theory of corruption is not nostalgic republicanism, but rather a clear-eyed analysis of the present situation in Hanoverian Britain.Less
This chapter makes the case for Ferguson as a partisan for civilisation and sees him not as a critic of modern commercial society, but rather as someone deeply aware of its fragility. The benefits of civilisation are wealth and freedom, and Ferguson defends both of them. The chapter argues that Ferguson’s theory of the evolution of nations and their institutions sits alongside his attempt to educate the virtuous gentlemen necessary to make the right decisions to maintain the benefits of wealthy and free societies. Ferguson’s theory of corruption is not nostalgic republicanism, but rather a clear-eyed analysis of the present situation in Hanoverian Britain.
Fred Powell
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781447307150
- eISBN:
- 9781447310853
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447307150.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
2011 shook the world politically. The Occupy Movement, Los Indignados and the Greek Aganaktismenoi (outraged) reacted to zombie capitalis in the West, while the Arab Spring challenged political ...
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2011 shook the world politically. The Occupy Movement, Los Indignados and the Greek Aganaktismenoi (outraged) reacted to zombie capitalis in the West, while the Arab Spring challenged political tyrannies in the Maghreb-Mashreq region. Democracy became the meta-question of the moment. New communicative technologies, unleashed a tidal wave of civic protest that spread across the globe, bringing new political actors on to the street. But what does this protest movement mean? Are we on the threshold of a transformation in global political consciousness? Is civil society the necessary counter-power that is democratising democracy from within? Or are we living through an apocalyptic terminal phase of civilisation? In the second, revised edition of this indispensable book, the author looks behind the mirror of power and differentiates the real from the fake in policy and politics. It offers an original and compelling history of the present and will have wide appeal to a broad cross-disciplinary audience.Less
2011 shook the world politically. The Occupy Movement, Los Indignados and the Greek Aganaktismenoi (outraged) reacted to zombie capitalis in the West, while the Arab Spring challenged political tyrannies in the Maghreb-Mashreq region. Democracy became the meta-question of the moment. New communicative technologies, unleashed a tidal wave of civic protest that spread across the globe, bringing new political actors on to the street. But what does this protest movement mean? Are we on the threshold of a transformation in global political consciousness? Is civil society the necessary counter-power that is democratising democracy from within? Or are we living through an apocalyptic terminal phase of civilisation? In the second, revised edition of this indispensable book, the author looks behind the mirror of power and differentiates the real from the fake in policy and politics. It offers an original and compelling history of the present and will have wide appeal to a broad cross-disciplinary audience.
David S Berry
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199670079
- eISBN:
- 9780191749452
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199670079.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Comparative Law
Chapter 4 introduces the primary, secondary, and administrative organs of both CARICOM and the OECS. It examines their natures, competences, and decision-making processes. It contrasts the qualified ...
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Chapter 4 introduces the primary, secondary, and administrative organs of both CARICOM and the OECS. It examines their natures, competences, and decision-making processes. It contrasts the qualified unanimity voting rules required for decisions in the supreme organs of both organizations, with the qualified majority voting allowed for CARICOM’s secondary organs. It briefly analyses the potential of CARICOM’s Assembly of Caribbean Community Parliamentarians and the Charter of Civil Society, and of the OECS Assembly and Commission. It suggests that these more representative bodies, and the human rights enshrined in the Charter, could serve to enhance both regional organizations by introducing democratic and rights-focused discourses.Less
Chapter 4 introduces the primary, secondary, and administrative organs of both CARICOM and the OECS. It examines their natures, competences, and decision-making processes. It contrasts the qualified unanimity voting rules required for decisions in the supreme organs of both organizations, with the qualified majority voting allowed for CARICOM’s secondary organs. It briefly analyses the potential of CARICOM’s Assembly of Caribbean Community Parliamentarians and the Charter of Civil Society, and of the OECS Assembly and Commission. It suggests that these more representative bodies, and the human rights enshrined in the Charter, could serve to enhance both regional organizations by introducing democratic and rights-focused discourses.
Dimitris Stamatopoulos
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780823256068
- eISBN:
- 9780823261307
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823256068.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter provides a concise history of the Greek Orthodox Church in the 19th century and an interpretative approach to the problem of the emergence of autocephalous churches in Southeastern ...
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This chapter provides a concise history of the Greek Orthodox Church in the 19th century and an interpretative approach to the problem of the emergence of autocephalous churches in Southeastern Europe. It deals with the procedures of the recognition of the Greek Church on behalf the Ecumenical Patriarchate as well as on the subjugation of the Church to the State. The former should be understood as an endeavor the problem of the national hybridity to be solved through nationalization of religion, but that means a selective diffusion of the 19th century Greek nationalism with aspects of imperial nationalist ideology (Megali Idea) as well as the main cause of Patriarchate's identification with various versions of Ottoman and Russian imperialist discourses which produced a new type of religious ecumenism in the age of nationalism. The latter (the subjugation to the State and the transformation of the Church to a state mechanism) took place in exchange that the Church would continue to regulate the great part of civil law cases (family law, Inheritance law etc.) to influence the formation of the civil society's associations. The Orthodox Church in Greece emerged as sovereign of the political scene keeping the right to alternate its position from the public to private sphere and vice versa.Less
This chapter provides a concise history of the Greek Orthodox Church in the 19th century and an interpretative approach to the problem of the emergence of autocephalous churches in Southeastern Europe. It deals with the procedures of the recognition of the Greek Church on behalf the Ecumenical Patriarchate as well as on the subjugation of the Church to the State. The former should be understood as an endeavor the problem of the national hybridity to be solved through nationalization of religion, but that means a selective diffusion of the 19th century Greek nationalism with aspects of imperial nationalist ideology (Megali Idea) as well as the main cause of Patriarchate's identification with various versions of Ottoman and Russian imperialist discourses which produced a new type of religious ecumenism in the age of nationalism. The latter (the subjugation to the State and the transformation of the Church to a state mechanism) took place in exchange that the Church would continue to regulate the great part of civil law cases (family law, Inheritance law etc.) to influence the formation of the civil society's associations. The Orthodox Church in Greece emerged as sovereign of the political scene keeping the right to alternate its position from the public to private sphere and vice versa.
Christine Quittkat
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199674596
- eISBN:
- 9780191756221
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199674596.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Drawing from a comprehensive data base, this chapter offers a longitudinal analysis of those policy fields which are especially of interest for a broad range of civil societal actors (Social Affairs ...
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Drawing from a comprehensive data base, this chapter offers a longitudinal analysis of those policy fields which are especially of interest for a broad range of civil societal actors (Social Affairs and Inclusion; Health and Consumers). It investigates which consultation instruments are used, which groups are reached with different consultation instruments, and if biased and unbalanced consultation of specific groups is discernible. It is shown that in the beginning of the policy process, civil society is more involved in online consultations, as there is a low threshold of participation. In the later stages of the policy process, however, stakeholder and expert involvement is dominant. In terms of the participative quality, the analysis shows that despite an extension of consultation instruments, this has not alleviated or eradicated imbalances in the participation of different actors.Less
Drawing from a comprehensive data base, this chapter offers a longitudinal analysis of those policy fields which are especially of interest for a broad range of civil societal actors (Social Affairs and Inclusion; Health and Consumers). It investigates which consultation instruments are used, which groups are reached with different consultation instruments, and if biased and unbalanced consultation of specific groups is discernible. It is shown that in the beginning of the policy process, civil society is more involved in online consultations, as there is a low threshold of participation. In the later stages of the policy process, however, stakeholder and expert involvement is dominant. In terms of the participative quality, the analysis shows that despite an extension of consultation instruments, this has not alleviated or eradicated imbalances in the participation of different actors.
Blake Atwood
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231178174
- eISBN:
- 9780231543149
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231178174.003.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Establishes reform as a cinematic category, the inheritor of revolutionary cinema in certain state-controlled cinemas. It surveys the contentious position of film in revolutionary discourse in Iran ...
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Establishes reform as a cinematic category, the inheritor of revolutionary cinema in certain state-controlled cinemas. It surveys the contentious position of film in revolutionary discourse in Iran and connects "reform cinema" to the scholarship on Third Cinema and Post-Third Cinema aesthetics. This chapter also establishes Mohammad Khatami's professional career as an organizing scheme for the book and discusses the tenets most important to his political platform.Less
Establishes reform as a cinematic category, the inheritor of revolutionary cinema in certain state-controlled cinemas. It surveys the contentious position of film in revolutionary discourse in Iran and connects "reform cinema" to the scholarship on Third Cinema and Post-Third Cinema aesthetics. This chapter also establishes Mohammad Khatami's professional career as an organizing scheme for the book and discusses the tenets most important to his political platform.
