Jonathan Fox
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199208852
- eISBN:
- 9780191709005
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208852.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This study compares innovations that encourage voice for accountability within two large-scale anti-poverty programs, Mexico's flagship welfare program, Oportunidades (formerly known as Progresa), ...
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This study compares innovations that encourage voice for accountability within two large-scale anti-poverty programs, Mexico's flagship welfare program, Oportunidades (formerly known as Progresa), and the subsidized rural food store network supplied by Diconsa. Oportunidades provides material incentives to mothers to keep their children in school and to follow basic preventive health measures. Based on the program's tangible results and its substantial coverage of the poorest, Oportunidades has become an international model for ‘conditional cash transfer’ programs. The program's emphasis on individuals' ‘co-responsibility’ with the state contrasts with the state-society council approach detailed in the previous chapter and embodied in the Diconsa program. However, new program leadership recognized the lack of transparency and accountability mechanisms, and launched a new ‘Citizen Attention’ initiative for registering complaints and information requests. This chapter compares this new channel for the expression of individual voice with the Diconsa food program's system of regional council oversight.Less
This study compares innovations that encourage voice for accountability within two large-scale anti-poverty programs, Mexico's flagship welfare program, Oportunidades (formerly known as Progresa), and the subsidized rural food store network supplied by Diconsa. Oportunidades provides material incentives to mothers to keep their children in school and to follow basic preventive health measures. Based on the program's tangible results and its substantial coverage of the poorest, Oportunidades has become an international model for ‘conditional cash transfer’ programs. The program's emphasis on individuals' ‘co-responsibility’ with the state contrasts with the state-society council approach detailed in the previous chapter and embodied in the Diconsa program. However, new program leadership recognized the lack of transparency and accountability mechanisms, and launched a new ‘Citizen Attention’ initiative for registering complaints and information requests. This chapter compares this new channel for the expression of individual voice with the Diconsa food program's system of regional council oversight.
Robert E. Goodin and John S. Dryzek
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199547944
- eISBN:
- 9780191720116
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547944.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Theory
Democratic theorists often place deliberative innovations such as Citizen's Juries, Consensus Conferences, Planning Cells, and Deliberative Polls at the centre of their hopes for deliberative ...
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Democratic theorists often place deliberative innovations such as Citizen's Juries, Consensus Conferences, Planning Cells, and Deliberative Polls at the centre of their hopes for deliberative democratization. This chapter charts the ways in which such mini-publics can impact on the ‘macro’ world of politics. Impact may come in the form of actually making policy, being taken up in the policy process, informing public debates, market-testing of proposals, legitimation of public policies, building confidence and constituencies for policies, popular oversight, and resisting co-option. Exposing problems and failures is all too easy; the chapter highlights instead cases of success along each of these dimensions.Less
Democratic theorists often place deliberative innovations such as Citizen's Juries, Consensus Conferences, Planning Cells, and Deliberative Polls at the centre of their hopes for deliberative democratization. This chapter charts the ways in which such mini-publics can impact on the ‘macro’ world of politics. Impact may come in the form of actually making policy, being taken up in the policy process, informing public debates, market-testing of proposals, legitimation of public policies, building confidence and constituencies for policies, popular oversight, and resisting co-option. Exposing problems and failures is all too easy; the chapter highlights instead cases of success along each of these dimensions.
Robert E. Goodin and Simon J. Niemeyer
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199547944
- eISBN:
- 9780191720116
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547944.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Theory
Political deliberation involves both internal reflection and public discussion. The former might be far more important than implied by deliberative democrats' heavy emphasis the discursive component. ...
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Political deliberation involves both internal reflection and public discussion. The former might be far more important than implied by deliberative democrats' heavy emphasis the discursive component. Analysis of the deliberations of a citizen's jury on an Australian environmental issue shows jurors' attitudes changing more in response to the ‘informational’ phase of the jury proceedings involving a large degree of ‘deliberation within’ than during the formal ‘discussion’ phase. Various ways can be imagined for evoking internal reflection of that sort, even in mass political settings.Less
Political deliberation involves both internal reflection and public discussion. The former might be far more important than implied by deliberative democrats' heavy emphasis the discursive component. Analysis of the deliberations of a citizen's jury on an Australian environmental issue shows jurors' attitudes changing more in response to the ‘informational’ phase of the jury proceedings involving a large degree of ‘deliberation within’ than during the formal ‘discussion’ phase. Various ways can be imagined for evoking internal reflection of that sort, even in mass political settings.
Norman Wirzba
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195157161
- eISBN:
- 9780199835270
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195157168.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
As creatures made in the “image of God,” we have a unique identity and vocation. After showing that the popular models of ourselves as stewards or citizens of creation is inadequate, a case is made ...
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As creatures made in the “image of God,” we have a unique identity and vocation. After showing that the popular models of ourselves as stewards or citizens of creation is inadequate, a case is made for humans as the servants of creation. This account of servanthood is tied to ecological insight and developed in terms of the current design technique called biomimicry.Less
As creatures made in the “image of God,” we have a unique identity and vocation. After showing that the popular models of ourselves as stewards or citizens of creation is inadequate, a case is made for humans as the servants of creation. This account of servanthood is tied to ecological insight and developed in terms of the current design technique called biomimicry.
Eliza Wing-yee Lee
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789888083497
- eISBN:
- 9789882209107
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083497.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines political organisation in Hong Kong from the point of view of local governance, and argues that the post-colonial government has continued to rely on structures and machinery ...
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This chapter examines political organisation in Hong Kong from the point of view of local governance, and argues that the post-colonial government has continued to rely on structures and machinery created by the colonial state for support and legitimacy. Her study of citizens' mobilisation in reaction to urban renewal plans in Wanchai is a case study of how a defensive concern group centring originally on compensation and relocation transformed itself into an activist body demanding, albeit without immediate success, a voice in urban planning.Less
This chapter examines political organisation in Hong Kong from the point of view of local governance, and argues that the post-colonial government has continued to rely on structures and machinery created by the colonial state for support and legitimacy. Her study of citizens' mobilisation in reaction to urban renewal plans in Wanchai is a case study of how a defensive concern group centring originally on compensation and relocation transformed itself into an activist body demanding, albeit without immediate success, a voice in urban planning.
Gareth Mulvenna
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781781383261
- eISBN:
- 9781786944061
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781383261.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Tartan Gangs and Paramilitaries is a new oral history of the loyalist backlash of the early 1970s in Northern Ireland. In the violent maelstrom of Belfast in 1971 and 1972 many young members of ...
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Tartan Gangs and Paramilitaries is a new oral history of the loyalist backlash of the early 1970s in Northern Ireland. In the violent maelstrom of Belfast in 1971 and 1972 many young members of loyalist youth gangs known as ‘Tartans’ converged with fledgling paramilitary groups such as the Red Hand Commando, Ulster Volunteer Force and Young Citizen Volunteers. This fresh account focuses on the manner in which the loyalist community in Belfast reacted to an increasingly vicious Provisional IRA campaign and explores the violent role that young loyalist men played in the period from 1970 – 1975. Through the use of unique one-on-one interviews former members of Tartan gangs and loyalist paramilitaries explain what motivated them to cross the Rubicon from gang activity to paramilitaries. The book utilises a wide range of sources such as newspaper articles, loyalist newssheets, coroners’ inquest reports and government memorandums to provide the context for a dynamic new study of the emergence of loyalist paramilitarism.Less
Tartan Gangs and Paramilitaries is a new oral history of the loyalist backlash of the early 1970s in Northern Ireland. In the violent maelstrom of Belfast in 1971 and 1972 many young members of loyalist youth gangs known as ‘Tartans’ converged with fledgling paramilitary groups such as the Red Hand Commando, Ulster Volunteer Force and Young Citizen Volunteers. This fresh account focuses on the manner in which the loyalist community in Belfast reacted to an increasingly vicious Provisional IRA campaign and explores the violent role that young loyalist men played in the period from 1970 – 1975. Through the use of unique one-on-one interviews former members of Tartan gangs and loyalist paramilitaries explain what motivated them to cross the Rubicon from gang activity to paramilitaries. The book utilises a wide range of sources such as newspaper articles, loyalist newssheets, coroners’ inquest reports and government memorandums to provide the context for a dynamic new study of the emergence of loyalist paramilitarism.
Malcolm Torry
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447343158
- eISBN:
- 9781447343202
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447343158.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
In the five years since Money for Everyone was published, the idea of a Citizen's Basic Income has rocketed in interest to an idea whose time has come. In moving the debate from the desirability of a ...
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In the five years since Money for Everyone was published, the idea of a Citizen's Basic Income has rocketed in interest to an idea whose time has come. In moving the debate from the desirability of a basic income, this fully updated and revised edition now includes comprehensive discussions on feasibility and implementation. Using the consultation undertaken by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales as a basis, the book examines a number of implementation methods for Citizen's Basic Income and considers the cost implications. Including real-life examples from the UK, and data from case studies and pilots in Alaska, Namibia, India, Iran and elsewhere, this is the essential research-based introduction to the Citizen's Basic Income.Less
In the five years since Money for Everyone was published, the idea of a Citizen's Basic Income has rocketed in interest to an idea whose time has come. In moving the debate from the desirability of a basic income, this fully updated and revised edition now includes comprehensive discussions on feasibility and implementation. Using the consultation undertaken by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales as a basis, the book examines a number of implementation methods for Citizen's Basic Income and considers the cost implications. Including real-life examples from the UK, and data from case studies and pilots in Alaska, Namibia, India, Iran and elsewhere, this is the essential research-based introduction to the Citizen's Basic Income.
Malcolm Torry
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447343158
- eISBN:
- 9781447343202
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447343158.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This chapter summarises the main arguments for a Citizen's Basic Income. It first defines Citizen's Basic Income (sometimes called a Basic Income or a Citizen's Income) as an unconditional, automatic ...
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This chapter summarises the main arguments for a Citizen's Basic Income. It first defines Citizen's Basic Income (sometimes called a Basic Income or a Citizen's Income) as an unconditional, automatic and nonwithdrawable regular income for each individual who is a legal resident of the UK, explaining in particular why it is unconditional, automatic and nonwithdrawable. It also gives emphasis on the fact that Citizen's Basic Incomes would be paid on an individual basis, rather than on the basis of a couple or household. Finally, it enumerates the benefits that a Citizen's Basic Income would bring, such as: promote social cohesion, reduce perverse incentives that discourage work and savings, and encourage caring and community activity. A graph shows what a Citizen's Basic Income looks like with respect to net income after tax and benefits and pre-tax income from all sources.Less
This chapter summarises the main arguments for a Citizen's Basic Income. It first defines Citizen's Basic Income (sometimes called a Basic Income or a Citizen's Income) as an unconditional, automatic and nonwithdrawable regular income for each individual who is a legal resident of the UK, explaining in particular why it is unconditional, automatic and nonwithdrawable. It also gives emphasis on the fact that Citizen's Basic Incomes would be paid on an individual basis, rather than on the basis of a couple or household. Finally, it enumerates the benefits that a Citizen's Basic Income would bring, such as: promote social cohesion, reduce perverse incentives that discourage work and savings, and encourage caring and community activity. A graph shows what a Citizen's Basic Income looks like with respect to net income after tax and benefits and pre-tax income from all sources.
Malcolm Torry
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447343158
- eISBN:
- 9781447343202
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447343158.003.0013
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This afterword concludes that the book has discussed the significant advantages that a Citizen's Basic Income would provide to society and to the economy. During the 1920s, family allowances in the ...
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This afterword concludes that the book has discussed the significant advantages that a Citizen's Basic Income would provide to society and to the economy. During the 1920s, family allowances in the UK were seen as an issue for ‘cranks and utopians’. In the 1930s, the country suffered from recession and rising unemployment. By 1946, every family with more than one child was receiving Family Allowances. The book argues that a Citizen's Basic Income is no longer just an issue for cranks and utopians, but an idea that every policy maker needs to address and consider for implementation. This afterword ends the book with a remark from Barbara Wootton, as quoted by Hermione Parker in her book Instead of the Dole: ‘The limits of the possible constantly shift … Again and again, I have had the satisfaction of seeing the laughable idealism of one generation evolve into the accepted common-place of the next’.Less
This afterword concludes that the book has discussed the significant advantages that a Citizen's Basic Income would provide to society and to the economy. During the 1920s, family allowances in the UK were seen as an issue for ‘cranks and utopians’. In the 1930s, the country suffered from recession and rising unemployment. By 1946, every family with more than one child was receiving Family Allowances. The book argues that a Citizen's Basic Income is no longer just an issue for cranks and utopians, but an idea that every policy maker needs to address and consider for implementation. This afterword ends the book with a remark from Barbara Wootton, as quoted by Hermione Parker in her book Instead of the Dole: ‘The limits of the possible constantly shift … Again and again, I have had the satisfaction of seeing the laughable idealism of one generation evolve into the accepted common-place of the next’.
Elaine Frantz Parsons
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469625423
- eISBN:
- 9781469625447
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469625423.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
The Klan was founded not by southern plantation owners but by politically moderate, fairly cosmopolitan, border-state professionals in Pulaski, Tennessee. These young white men, facing the political, ...
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The Klan was founded not by southern plantation owners but by politically moderate, fairly cosmopolitan, border-state professionals in Pulaski, Tennessee. These young white men, facing the political, economic, and cultural collapse of the South in the wake of the war, developed the Klan as a diversion. Yet from the beginning they understood the potential political significance of southern social and cultural organizations such as the Klan, particularly as they confronted a confident and competent group of emerging black leaders in Pulaski. Because of their liminal position between North and South, the Pulaski Ku-Klux drew heavily on ideas circulating in the urban North. The Pulaski Klansmen understood the problem of the Reconstruction-era Klan as a problem of modernity and provided a way for the defeated southern white man to position himself in terms of the modern. This chapter explores the Klan’s slow beginnings in Pulaski, arguing that its growth was later than historians have understood, and traces its transformation into a violent and explicitly political organization more than one year after its beginnings.Less
The Klan was founded not by southern plantation owners but by politically moderate, fairly cosmopolitan, border-state professionals in Pulaski, Tennessee. These young white men, facing the political, economic, and cultural collapse of the South in the wake of the war, developed the Klan as a diversion. Yet from the beginning they understood the potential political significance of southern social and cultural organizations such as the Klan, particularly as they confronted a confident and competent group of emerging black leaders in Pulaski. Because of their liminal position between North and South, the Pulaski Ku-Klux drew heavily on ideas circulating in the urban North. The Pulaski Klansmen understood the problem of the Reconstruction-era Klan as a problem of modernity and provided a way for the defeated southern white man to position himself in terms of the modern. This chapter explores the Klan’s slow beginnings in Pulaski, arguing that its growth was later than historians have understood, and traces its transformation into a violent and explicitly political organization more than one year after its beginnings.
Malcolm Torry
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447311249
- eISBN:
- 9781447311287
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447311249.003.0017
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
A Citizen's Income is an unconditional and nonwithdrawable income for every individual as a right of citizenship. It would ameliorate the poverty and unemployment traps, hence boosting employment; it ...
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A Citizen's Income is an unconditional and nonwithdrawable income for every individual as a right of citizenship. It would ameliorate the poverty and unemployment traps, hence boosting employment; it would provide a safety net for all citizens; and it would create a platform on which all citizens could build. It would encourage both individual freedom and social cohesion. Six fundamental changes would be that citizenship would become the basis of entitlement; the individual would be the tax/benefit unit; the Citizen's Income would not be withdrawn as other income rose; availability for work rules would be abolished; access to a Citizen's Income would be easy and unconditional; and benefit levels might be indexed to earnings or to GDP per capita. Three frequently asked questions are addressed: Would people still work± They would. Is it fair to ask people in employment to pay for everyone to receive a Citizen's Income± People in work already fund means-tested benefits, which discourages self-reliance. A Citizen's Income would encourage self-reliance. Isn't guaranteeing a right to work a better way to prevent poverty± A Citizen's Income would make the labour market more free and flexible, thus improving the availability of employment.Less
A Citizen's Income is an unconditional and nonwithdrawable income for every individual as a right of citizenship. It would ameliorate the poverty and unemployment traps, hence boosting employment; it would provide a safety net for all citizens; and it would create a platform on which all citizens could build. It would encourage both individual freedom and social cohesion. Six fundamental changes would be that citizenship would become the basis of entitlement; the individual would be the tax/benefit unit; the Citizen's Income would not be withdrawn as other income rose; availability for work rules would be abolished; access to a Citizen's Income would be easy and unconditional; and benefit levels might be indexed to earnings or to GDP per capita. Three frequently asked questions are addressed: Would people still work± They would. Is it fair to ask people in employment to pay for everyone to receive a Citizen's Income± People in work already fund means-tested benefits, which discourages self-reliance. A Citizen's Income would encourage self-reliance. Isn't guaranteeing a right to work a better way to prevent poverty± A Citizen's Income would make the labour market more free and flexible, thus improving the availability of employment.
Peter Franklin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195383454
- eISBN:
- 9780199897032
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195383454.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, Popular, History, Western
The closing chapter focuses on the arrival of musical modernism, along with “popular music” in the postwar sense, in the scores of films focusing psychoanalytically upon male characters. Citizen ...
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The closing chapter focuses on the arrival of musical modernism, along with “popular music” in the postwar sense, in the scores of films focusing psychoanalytically upon male characters. Citizen Kane, Spellbound, The Wild One (1954), and Psycho (1960) are explored for evidence of “infected” echoes of late romantic scoring practices and for more explicit traits of modernism linked to Mary Ann Doane's suggestion that “the story of the woman culminates as the image of the man.” The deranged, unstably feminized face of Norman Bates, with the slow-motion dissonant harmonies of Herrmann's score for Psycho, conclude the book's implicit critique of modernism, compounding the problematization of the music “through which” we see Hollywood film and through which film sees.Less
The closing chapter focuses on the arrival of musical modernism, along with “popular music” in the postwar sense, in the scores of films focusing psychoanalytically upon male characters. Citizen Kane, Spellbound, The Wild One (1954), and Psycho (1960) are explored for evidence of “infected” echoes of late romantic scoring practices and for more explicit traits of modernism linked to Mary Ann Doane's suggestion that “the story of the woman culminates as the image of the man.” The deranged, unstably feminized face of Norman Bates, with the slow-motion dissonant harmonies of Herrmann's score for Psycho, conclude the book's implicit critique of modernism, compounding the problematization of the music “through which” we see Hollywood film and through which film sees.
Jared Pappas-Kelley
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526129246
- eISBN:
- 9781526141927
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526129246.003.0004
- Subject:
- Art, Art Theory and Criticism
Chapter four introduces the example of the Momart warehouse fire, in which large amounts of art—including high profile Young British Art—was destroyed when a thief apparently broke into an adjoining ...
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Chapter four introduces the example of the Momart warehouse fire, in which large amounts of art—including high profile Young British Art—was destroyed when a thief apparently broke into an adjoining space and set the complex on fire. Works such as Tracey Emin’s Everyone I Have Ever Slept With 1963–1995 (lost in the fire) are examined, as well as accounts of the public backlash and media attention surrounding this event. In addition, the implications of Jake and Dinos Chapman’s exact remake of Emin's piece as The Same Only Better are considered, along with the event's legacy and the expectation that these works of art will endure.Less
Chapter four introduces the example of the Momart warehouse fire, in which large amounts of art—including high profile Young British Art—was destroyed when a thief apparently broke into an adjoining space and set the complex on fire. Works such as Tracey Emin’s Everyone I Have Ever Slept With 1963–1995 (lost in the fire) are examined, as well as accounts of the public backlash and media attention surrounding this event. In addition, the implications of Jake and Dinos Chapman’s exact remake of Emin's piece as The Same Only Better are considered, along with the event's legacy and the expectation that these works of art will endure.
Roy Carr-Hill
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447348214
- eISBN:
- 9781447348269
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447348214.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
It is important to be cautious about making inferences from survey data. This chapter focuses on one very important but unexamined problem, that of the undercount of the poorest in the world. This ...
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It is important to be cautious about making inferences from survey data. This chapter focuses on one very important but unexamined problem, that of the undercount of the poorest in the world. This arises both by design (excluding the homeless, those in institutions and nomadic populations) and in practice (those in fragile households, urban slums, insecure areas and servants/slaves in rich households). In developing countries, it is difficult to make inter-censal estimates because essential data like birth and death registration are not systematically collected. Donors have therefore promoted the use of international standardized household surveys. A possible alternative is Citizen surveys initiated by an Indian NGO (Pratham). Comparisons are made between citizen surveys and contemporaneous Demographic and Health Surveys in three East African countriesLess
It is important to be cautious about making inferences from survey data. This chapter focuses on one very important but unexamined problem, that of the undercount of the poorest in the world. This arises both by design (excluding the homeless, those in institutions and nomadic populations) and in practice (those in fragile households, urban slums, insecure areas and servants/slaves in rich households). In developing countries, it is difficult to make inter-censal estimates because essential data like birth and death registration are not systematically collected. Donors have therefore promoted the use of international standardized household surveys. A possible alternative is Citizen surveys initiated by an Indian NGO (Pratham). Comparisons are made between citizen surveys and contemporaneous Demographic and Health Surveys in three East African countries
Tom Cohen and Dan Durrant
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447329558
- eISBN:
- 9781447329602
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447329558.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Population and Demography
Phase One of the UK’s High Speed 2 (HS2) rail project is taken as a representative example of the government’s approach to citizen participation with respect to planning major infrastructure ...
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Phase One of the UK’s High Speed 2 (HS2) rail project is taken as a representative example of the government’s approach to citizen participation with respect to planning major infrastructure projects. The engagement process in general and the 2011 national consultation in particular are found to be paradigm cases of “decide, announce and defend”, in spite of an increasing need for scheme sponsors to take a more inclusive and open approach to planning. A methodical approach to selecting engagement techniques produces three approaches – deliberative polling, the 21st century town meeting, and participatory multi-criteria analysis – that appear well suited to a project such as HS2. Without suggesting that any of these would have been a panacea, it is possible to conclude that the government could have pursued a more innovative approach to participation.Less
Phase One of the UK’s High Speed 2 (HS2) rail project is taken as a representative example of the government’s approach to citizen participation with respect to planning major infrastructure projects. The engagement process in general and the 2011 national consultation in particular are found to be paradigm cases of “decide, announce and defend”, in spite of an increasing need for scheme sponsors to take a more inclusive and open approach to planning. A methodical approach to selecting engagement techniques produces three approaches – deliberative polling, the 21st century town meeting, and participatory multi-criteria analysis – that appear well suited to a project such as HS2. Without suggesting that any of these would have been a panacea, it is possible to conclude that the government could have pursued a more innovative approach to participation.
Lisa L. Moore, Joanna Brooks, and Caroline Wigginton (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199743483
- eISBN:
- 9780190252830
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199743483.003.0042
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 18th Century and Early American Literature, Women's Literature
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was a landmark document of the French Revolution that articulated the Enlightenment philosophy of “natural rights” and inspired the constitution of ...
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The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was a landmark document of the French Revolution that articulated the Enlightenment philosophy of “natural rights” and inspired the constitution of France as well as international human rights agreements. It was composed in 1789 by Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, in consultation with Thomas Jefferson. Despite its failure to address either the end of slavery or the enfranchisement of women, the Declaration was often invoked in arguments for abolition and women’s suffrage. This chapter features the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.Less
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was a landmark document of the French Revolution that articulated the Enlightenment philosophy of “natural rights” and inspired the constitution of France as well as international human rights agreements. It was composed in 1789 by Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, in consultation with Thomas Jefferson. Despite its failure to address either the end of slavery or the enfranchisement of women, the Declaration was often invoked in arguments for abolition and women’s suffrage. This chapter features the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
CHRISTOPHER NEWDICK
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199264186
- eISBN:
- 9780191698927
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264186.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Medical Law
This chapter explores the new procedures created within the NHS designed to regulate its governance. Until the mid-1990s, NHS governance had developed piecemeal in response to specific issues and ...
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This chapter explores the new procedures created within the NHS designed to regulate its governance. Until the mid-1990s, NHS governance had developed piecemeal in response to specific issues and problems as they arose from time to time. But this was short-lived. Introducing the Citizen's Charter, the Prime Minister of the time, John Major, deplored the absence of proper accountability in many areas of public service. As he saw it: Telephones answered grudgingly or not at all. Booths closed while customers were waiting. Time was pointlessly lost when appointments were not made or kept. This was the weekly reality for millions of people in Britain up to the end of the 1980s. This is the background against which the discussion in this chapter should be understood and it explains the creation of large number of new regulatory bodies with powers to audit and supervise doctors and NHS managers.Less
This chapter explores the new procedures created within the NHS designed to regulate its governance. Until the mid-1990s, NHS governance had developed piecemeal in response to specific issues and problems as they arose from time to time. But this was short-lived. Introducing the Citizen's Charter, the Prime Minister of the time, John Major, deplored the absence of proper accountability in many areas of public service. As he saw it: Telephones answered grudgingly or not at all. Booths closed while customers were waiting. Time was pointlessly lost when appointments were not made or kept. This was the weekly reality for millions of people in Britain up to the end of the 1980s. This is the background against which the discussion in this chapter should be understood and it explains the creation of large number of new regulatory bodies with powers to audit and supervise doctors and NHS managers.
Malcolm Torry
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447311249
- eISBN:
- 9781447311287
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447311249.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
A Citizen's Income (sometimes called a Basic Income, a Universal Grant, a Social Dividend, or a Universal Benefit) is an unconditional, nonwithdrawable income for every individual as a right of ...
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A Citizen's Income (sometimes called a Basic Income, a Universal Grant, a Social Dividend, or a Universal Benefit) is an unconditional, nonwithdrawable income for every individual as a right of citizenship. To replace some of the UK current tax system and much of the benefits system with a Citizen's Income would offer important positive benefits for society and the economy. Means-tested benefits are withdrawn as earnings rise, but a Citizen's Income would not be, thus making it easier for individuals and households to increase their net income. Current means-tested benefits pay less to a couple than to two individuals, thus imposing difficult decisions and intrusive investigations on claimants, whereas a Citizen's Income, because paid to each individual, would not interfere with people's relationships. The book employs thought-experiments to introduce a Citizen's Income, offers historical context, asks why some reform proposals succeed and some fail, and explores different ways of implementing a Citizen's Income. Existing universal benefits and recent pilot projects are described. A list of criteria for a good benefits system is then constructed, and both the UK's existing system and a Citizen's Income are evaluated against the criteria. The book discusses effects on the labour market, affordability, funding mechanisms, political feasibility, who should receive a Citizen's Income, alternative proposals, and the problems that a Citizen's Income would not solve. The book concludes that the significant benefits that a Citizen's Income would offer to our society and economy mean that a substantial pilot project, and then full implementation, are essential.Less
A Citizen's Income (sometimes called a Basic Income, a Universal Grant, a Social Dividend, or a Universal Benefit) is an unconditional, nonwithdrawable income for every individual as a right of citizenship. To replace some of the UK current tax system and much of the benefits system with a Citizen's Income would offer important positive benefits for society and the economy. Means-tested benefits are withdrawn as earnings rise, but a Citizen's Income would not be, thus making it easier for individuals and households to increase their net income. Current means-tested benefits pay less to a couple than to two individuals, thus imposing difficult decisions and intrusive investigations on claimants, whereas a Citizen's Income, because paid to each individual, would not interfere with people's relationships. The book employs thought-experiments to introduce a Citizen's Income, offers historical context, asks why some reform proposals succeed and some fail, and explores different ways of implementing a Citizen's Income. Existing universal benefits and recent pilot projects are described. A list of criteria for a good benefits system is then constructed, and both the UK's existing system and a Citizen's Income are evaluated against the criteria. The book discusses effects on the labour market, affordability, funding mechanisms, political feasibility, who should receive a Citizen's Income, alternative proposals, and the problems that a Citizen's Income would not solve. The book concludes that the significant benefits that a Citizen's Income would offer to our society and economy mean that a substantial pilot project, and then full implementation, are essential.
Malcolm Torry
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447311249
- eISBN:
- 9781447311287
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447311249.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter contains a variety of thought experiments. It imagines that, in order to stimulate the economy, the Government gives everyone some money, and that this becomes a permanent and popular ...
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This chapter contains a variety of thought experiments. It imagines that, in order to stimulate the economy, the Government gives everyone some money, and that this becomes a permanent and popular Citizen's Income; it imagines a woman with a child, and a man with a young family, firstly anywhere in the world, and then in the UK, and their experiences of current benefits systems; and it imagines a country without a benefits system, and explores the reform options available: giving everyone the same amount, or means-testing the payment. The conclusion reached is that, in the context of a progressive income tax system, the sensible approach is a Citizen's Income. The chapter closes with a discussion of how the Citizen's Income debate out to be structured, and concludes that reform options should not be tested against tests defined by the current system, but the current system should be tested against reform options; and that it should be recognised that problems relating to any necessary transition arrangements might have more to do with the current system than with the new one.Less
This chapter contains a variety of thought experiments. It imagines that, in order to stimulate the economy, the Government gives everyone some money, and that this becomes a permanent and popular Citizen's Income; it imagines a woman with a child, and a man with a young family, firstly anywhere in the world, and then in the UK, and their experiences of current benefits systems; and it imagines a country without a benefits system, and explores the reform options available: giving everyone the same amount, or means-testing the payment. The conclusion reached is that, in the context of a progressive income tax system, the sensible approach is a Citizen's Income. The chapter closes with a discussion of how the Citizen's Income debate out to be structured, and concludes that reform options should not be tested against tests defined by the current system, but the current system should be tested against reform options; and that it should be recognised that problems relating to any necessary transition arrangements might have more to do with the current system than with the new one.
J.E. Smyth
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813124063
- eISBN:
- 9780813134765
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813124063.003.0012
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on the filmic writing of American history in Hollywood films. The findings reveal that Hollywood filmmakers had helped create a powerful ...
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This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on the filmic writing of American history in Hollywood films. The findings reveal that Hollywood filmmakers had helped create a powerful historical legacy and for more than a decade they proved that films could argue complex historical perspectives and question the formulas of traditional American history and biography. This chapter also discusses the retrospective America historical films Land of Liberty and Citizen Kane.Less
This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on the filmic writing of American history in Hollywood films. The findings reveal that Hollywood filmmakers had helped create a powerful historical legacy and for more than a decade they proved that films could argue complex historical perspectives and question the formulas of traditional American history and biography. This chapter also discusses the retrospective America historical films Land of Liberty and Citizen Kane.
