Philip V. Bohlman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195178326
- eISBN:
- 9780199869992
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195178326.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter is the first of several in the first section of the book (“Places of Jewish Music”) that locate Jewish music on the landscapes of European modernity. Rather than treating the village as ...
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This chapter is the first of several in the first section of the book (“Places of Jewish Music”) that locate Jewish music on the landscapes of European modernity. Rather than treating the village as an isolated place, in which folk music was limited only to Jews, the chapter reveals processes of change and transition. Jewish folk music facilitated and was the product of border crossing, particularly from a concern with the mythical past and to an historical engagement with the present. Jewish folk music practices and repertories were vastly different across Europe, weaving vernacular languages and myths together, while conveying distinctive cultural identities. The chapter includes numerous case studies of Jewish villages in the German Rhineland, on the borders of France, Germany, and Switzerland, and in rural Moravia and Romania. The “Seven Holy Cities” (sheva kehillot) of Burgenland, border region shared by Austria and Hungary, provide at rich set of specific case studies.Less
This chapter is the first of several in the first section of the book (“Places of Jewish Music”) that locate Jewish music on the landscapes of European modernity. Rather than treating the village as an isolated place, in which folk music was limited only to Jews, the chapter reveals processes of change and transition. Jewish folk music facilitated and was the product of border crossing, particularly from a concern with the mythical past and to an historical engagement with the present. Jewish folk music practices and repertories were vastly different across Europe, weaving vernacular languages and myths together, while conveying distinctive cultural identities. The chapter includes numerous case studies of Jewish villages in the German Rhineland, on the borders of France, Germany, and Switzerland, and in rural Moravia and Romania. The “Seven Holy Cities” (sheva kehillot) of Burgenland, border region shared by Austria and Hungary, provide at rich set of specific case studies.
Kevin T. Smiley
Michael Oluf Emerson (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781479856794
- eISBN:
- 9781479882922
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479856794.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Cities are diverging in our contemporary era. Specifically, we use our analysis of Copenhagen and Houston to argue that cities exist for one of two reasons: for markets or for people. Market Cities ...
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Cities are diverging in our contemporary era. Specifically, we use our analysis of Copenhagen and Houston to argue that cities exist for one of two reasons: for markets or for people. Market Cities (such as Houston) are dedicated to an unfettered free market ethos, individualism, and tolerance of high levels of inequality and decentralized governance, among other characteristics. By contrast, People Cities (such as Copenhagen) have a much greater collective ideal that drives the city toward attenuating inequality, strengthening government, and sanctioning “people-focused” policies and urban form. The first four chapters of the book showcase “how it happens” by introducing the perspective and studying the histories of the cities. We also showcase how government deeply shapes each type of city as well as the critical role that residents play in underpinning or contesting their city. The second part of the book (chapters 5 through 9) investigates “why it matters.” We discuss the implications of living in a Market City or People City for transportation, land-use planning, the environment, diversity, inequality, segregation, crime, and immigration. We also extend our perspective to a wider range of cities, making suggestions on how to apply the ideas presented in the book. Finally, we conclude by discussing how social change within the city might occur and best be accomplished.Less
Cities are diverging in our contemporary era. Specifically, we use our analysis of Copenhagen and Houston to argue that cities exist for one of two reasons: for markets or for people. Market Cities (such as Houston) are dedicated to an unfettered free market ethos, individualism, and tolerance of high levels of inequality and decentralized governance, among other characteristics. By contrast, People Cities (such as Copenhagen) have a much greater collective ideal that drives the city toward attenuating inequality, strengthening government, and sanctioning “people-focused” policies and urban form. The first four chapters of the book showcase “how it happens” by introducing the perspective and studying the histories of the cities. We also showcase how government deeply shapes each type of city as well as the critical role that residents play in underpinning or contesting their city. The second part of the book (chapters 5 through 9) investigates “why it matters.” We discuss the implications of living in a Market City or People City for transportation, land-use planning, the environment, diversity, inequality, segregation, crime, and immigration. We also extend our perspective to a wider range of cities, making suggestions on how to apply the ideas presented in the book. Finally, we conclude by discussing how social change within the city might occur and best be accomplished.
Kalervo N. Gulson and P. Taylor Webb
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447320074
- eISBN:
- 9781447320098
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447320074.001.0001
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
Attempts at educational equity amount to local activities performed within unequal and disjunctive political forces. As a politics, educational equity is redolent of the conditions that produce ...
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Attempts at educational equity amount to local activities performed within unequal and disjunctive political forces. As a politics, educational equity is redolent of the conditions that produce unequal schooling in the first place. Based on a four-year multi-modal study, this book identifies the forces that produced unequal schooling opportunities for Black families in Toronto, Canada, while simultaneously identifying the conditions that generated an Africentric Alternative School for these families and the Black community.
The book identifies how the conditions that created unequal schooling were some of the very conditions that produced educational equity in the form of the school. This includes four preconditions to relay an account of the school’s origin, including biopolitics, neoliberalism, the politics of recognition, and the city and its relationships to ideologies of race and multiculturalism. Each precondition is discussed in a separate chapter and in relation to a significant policy event that precipitated the becoming of the Africentric Alternative School. The book utilises an unique feature by developing a ‘subtext’ that accompanies each chapter, whereby the authors reflect upon the theoretical and methodological choices in each corresponding chapter. The book concludes how this particular analysis of education policy can be used to map constellations of power and force that have a large degree of influence over policy subjects and policy actors, in concerted attempts to identify the important preconditions that shape recurring attempts at racial justice.Less
Attempts at educational equity amount to local activities performed within unequal and disjunctive political forces. As a politics, educational equity is redolent of the conditions that produce unequal schooling in the first place. Based on a four-year multi-modal study, this book identifies the forces that produced unequal schooling opportunities for Black families in Toronto, Canada, while simultaneously identifying the conditions that generated an Africentric Alternative School for these families and the Black community.
The book identifies how the conditions that created unequal schooling were some of the very conditions that produced educational equity in the form of the school. This includes four preconditions to relay an account of the school’s origin, including biopolitics, neoliberalism, the politics of recognition, and the city and its relationships to ideologies of race and multiculturalism. Each precondition is discussed in a separate chapter and in relation to a significant policy event that precipitated the becoming of the Africentric Alternative School. The book utilises an unique feature by developing a ‘subtext’ that accompanies each chapter, whereby the authors reflect upon the theoretical and methodological choices in each corresponding chapter. The book concludes how this particular analysis of education policy can be used to map constellations of power and force that have a large degree of influence over policy subjects and policy actors, in concerted attempts to identify the important preconditions that shape recurring attempts at racial justice.
Kathryn M. Grossman
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199642953
- eISBN:
- 9780191739231
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199642953.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
Chapter 4 turns to Hugo’s Quatrevingt-Treize (1874), a meditation on the French Revolution composed in the wake of the bloody Paris Commune. Set in both Paris and Brittany during the Reign of Terror, ...
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Chapter 4 turns to Hugo’s Quatrevingt-Treize (1874), a meditation on the French Revolution composed in the wake of the bloody Paris Commune. Set in both Paris and Brittany during the Reign of Terror, the text explores the question of violence in the service of revolutionary ideals, thereby completing Hugo’s lifelong reflections on the sublime and the grotesque. Three generations fight for their divergent visions of the nation’s past, present, and future in the exotic, unchartered terrain of north-west France. But Hugo’s play on space and time contains not just a political but also a personal element. The poet’s intertextual dialogue with his celebrated British counterparts now includes his Victorian contemporary, Charles Dickens, as well. The novel’s reply to A Tale of Two Cities provides insights into Hugo’s singular conception of the role of poetry in shaping his narrative and the future French republic alikeLess
Chapter 4 turns to Hugo’s Quatrevingt-Treize (1874), a meditation on the French Revolution composed in the wake of the bloody Paris Commune. Set in both Paris and Brittany during the Reign of Terror, the text explores the question of violence in the service of revolutionary ideals, thereby completing Hugo’s lifelong reflections on the sublime and the grotesque. Three generations fight for their divergent visions of the nation’s past, present, and future in the exotic, unchartered terrain of north-west France. But Hugo’s play on space and time contains not just a political but also a personal element. The poet’s intertextual dialogue with his celebrated British counterparts now includes his Victorian contemporary, Charles Dickens, as well. The novel’s reply to A Tale of Two Cities provides insights into Hugo’s singular conception of the role of poetry in shaping his narrative and the future French republic alike
Camilla Lewis and Jessica Symons (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526100733
- eISBN:
- 9781526132376
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526100733.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This book demonstrates how a city is constituted in the productive tension between making and realising, between directing activity and allowing for its emergence. It presents nine ethnographic ...
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This book demonstrates how a city is constituted in the productive tension between making and realising, between directing activity and allowing for its emergence. It presents nine ethnographic accounts across Manchester UK, including residential neighbourhoods, cultural events, public spaces, the council, areas of urban regeneration and the airport. The authors examine the dynamics of power for those developing the city, experiencing such interventions and the spaces in-between. These perspectives trace the multiple dynamics of a vibrant post-industrial city, showing how people’s decisions and actions co-produce the city and give it shape. The ethnographic accounts focus on issues including self-policing (Smith), loss and de-industrialisation (Lewis), disenfranchised football fans, (Poulton), sexuality and public space (Atkins), nurturing an emergent city (Symons), defining the commons in public spaces (Lang), conflicting futures thinking (Pieri) networked urban governance (Knox), and how airport design shapes behaviour (O’Doherty). Their specificity provides grounded contexts for identifying ideological patterns and structural processes. They demonstrate the potential of ethnographies to beyond the particular. In doing so, the contributors complicate the dominant narrative of Manchester’s renaissance as an entrepreneurial city. The Afterword argues that even though a city’s future may be planned, it does not materialise as the perfect representation of its blueprint drawings, strategies or vision documents. Instead it is realised through the accumulative efforts of all those who live and work in the city. Researchers of cities can undertake a similar distributed analysis, attending to the unexpected insights that emerge through an open and discursive ethnographic process.Less
This book demonstrates how a city is constituted in the productive tension between making and realising, between directing activity and allowing for its emergence. It presents nine ethnographic accounts across Manchester UK, including residential neighbourhoods, cultural events, public spaces, the council, areas of urban regeneration and the airport. The authors examine the dynamics of power for those developing the city, experiencing such interventions and the spaces in-between. These perspectives trace the multiple dynamics of a vibrant post-industrial city, showing how people’s decisions and actions co-produce the city and give it shape. The ethnographic accounts focus on issues including self-policing (Smith), loss and de-industrialisation (Lewis), disenfranchised football fans, (Poulton), sexuality and public space (Atkins), nurturing an emergent city (Symons), defining the commons in public spaces (Lang), conflicting futures thinking (Pieri) networked urban governance (Knox), and how airport design shapes behaviour (O’Doherty). Their specificity provides grounded contexts for identifying ideological patterns and structural processes. They demonstrate the potential of ethnographies to beyond the particular. In doing so, the contributors complicate the dominant narrative of Manchester’s renaissance as an entrepreneurial city. The Afterword argues that even though a city’s future may be planned, it does not materialise as the perfect representation of its blueprint drawings, strategies or vision documents. Instead it is realised through the accumulative efforts of all those who live and work in the city. Researchers of cities can undertake a similar distributed analysis, attending to the unexpected insights that emerge through an open and discursive ethnographic process.
Joachim Whaley
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198731016
- eISBN:
- 9780191730870
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198731016.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
The work offers a new interpretation of the development of German‐speaking central Europe and the Holy Roman Empire or German Reich from the great reforms of 1495–1500 to its dissolution in 1806 ...
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The work offers a new interpretation of the development of German‐speaking central Europe and the Holy Roman Empire or German Reich from the great reforms of 1495–1500 to its dissolution in 1806 after the turmoil of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. This is traditionally regarded as a long period of decline, but this work shows how imperial institutions developed in response to the crises of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, notably the Reformation and Thirty Years War, and assesses the impact of international developments on the Reich. Central themes are the tension between Habsburg aspirations to create a German monarchy and the desire of the German princes and cities to maintain their traditional rights and how the Reich developed the functions of a state during this period. The work also illuminates the development of the German territories subordinate to the Reich. It explores the implications of the Reformation and subsequent religious reform movements — both Protestant and Catholic — and the Enlightenment, for the government of both secular and ecclesiastical principalities, the minor territories of counts and knights, and the cities. The Reich and the territories formed a coherent and workable system and, as a polity, the Reich developed its own distinctive political culture and traditions of German patriotism over the early modern period.Less
The work offers a new interpretation of the development of German‐speaking central Europe and the Holy Roman Empire or German Reich from the great reforms of 1495–1500 to its dissolution in 1806 after the turmoil of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. This is traditionally regarded as a long period of decline, but this work shows how imperial institutions developed in response to the crises of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, notably the Reformation and Thirty Years War, and assesses the impact of international developments on the Reich. Central themes are the tension between Habsburg aspirations to create a German monarchy and the desire of the German princes and cities to maintain their traditional rights and how the Reich developed the functions of a state during this period. The work also illuminates the development of the German territories subordinate to the Reich. It explores the implications of the Reformation and subsequent religious reform movements — both Protestant and Catholic — and the Enlightenment, for the government of both secular and ecclesiastical principalities, the minor territories of counts and knights, and the cities. The Reich and the territories formed a coherent and workable system and, as a polity, the Reich developed its own distinctive political culture and traditions of German patriotism over the early modern period.
Anne M. Rademacher and K. Sivaramakrishnan (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789888139767
- eISBN:
- 9789888180714
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139767.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
Essays follow rapidly proliferating and resource-intensive Indian urbanism in everyday environments. Case studies on nature conservation in cities, urban housing and slum development, waste ...
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Essays follow rapidly proliferating and resource-intensive Indian urbanism in everyday environments. Case studies on nature conservation in cities, urban housing and slum development, waste management, urban planning, and contestations over the quality of air, water, and sanitation in Delhi and Mumbai illuminate urban ecology per-spectives throughout the twentieth century. The collection highlights how struggles over the environment and one's quality of life in urban centers are increasingly framed in terms of their future place in a landscape of global sustainability. The text brings historical particularity and ethnographic nuance to questions of urban ecology and offers novel insight into theoretical and practical debates on urbanism and sustainability.Less
Essays follow rapidly proliferating and resource-intensive Indian urbanism in everyday environments. Case studies on nature conservation in cities, urban housing and slum development, waste management, urban planning, and contestations over the quality of air, water, and sanitation in Delhi and Mumbai illuminate urban ecology per-spectives throughout the twentieth century. The collection highlights how struggles over the environment and one's quality of life in urban centers are increasingly framed in terms of their future place in a landscape of global sustainability. The text brings historical particularity and ethnographic nuance to questions of urban ecology and offers novel insight into theoretical and practical debates on urbanism and sustainability.
Joachim Whaley
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199693078
- eISBN:
- 9780191732256
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693078.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
The work offers a new interpretation of the development of German-speaking central Europe and the Holy Roman Empire or German Reich from the great reforms of 1495-1500 to its dissolution in 1806 ...
More
The work offers a new interpretation of the development of German-speaking central Europe and the Holy Roman Empire or German Reich from the great reforms of 1495-1500 to its dissolution in 1806 after the turmoil of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. This is traditionally regarded as a long period of decline, but this work shows how imperial institutions developed in response to the crises of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, notably the Reformation and Thirty Years War, and assesses the impact of international developments on the Reich. Central themes are the tension between Habsburg aspirations to create a German monarchy and the desire of the German princes and cities to maintain their traditional rights and how the Reich developed the functions of a state during this period. The work also illuminates the development of the German territories subordinate to the Reich. It explores the implications of the Reformation and subsequent religious reform movements – both Protestant and Catholic – and the Enlightenment, for the government of both secular and ecclesiastical principalities, the minor territories of counts and knights, and the cities. The Reich and the territories formed a coherent and workable system and, as a polity, the Reich developed its own distinctive political culture and traditions of German patriotism over the early modern period.Less
The work offers a new interpretation of the development of German-speaking central Europe and the Holy Roman Empire or German Reich from the great reforms of 1495-1500 to its dissolution in 1806 after the turmoil of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. This is traditionally regarded as a long period of decline, but this work shows how imperial institutions developed in response to the crises of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, notably the Reformation and Thirty Years War, and assesses the impact of international developments on the Reich. Central themes are the tension between Habsburg aspirations to create a German monarchy and the desire of the German princes and cities to maintain their traditional rights and how the Reich developed the functions of a state during this period. The work also illuminates the development of the German territories subordinate to the Reich. It explores the implications of the Reformation and subsequent religious reform movements – both Protestant and Catholic – and the Enlightenment, for the government of both secular and ecclesiastical principalities, the minor territories of counts and knights, and the cities. The Reich and the territories formed a coherent and workable system and, as a polity, the Reich developed its own distinctive political culture and traditions of German patriotism over the early modern period.
Holly Furneaux
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199566099
- eISBN:
- 9780191721915
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566099.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
Dickens supplements his attention to bachelor parenting with a commitment to counter-marital plotting, articulating male resistance to marriage through diverse modes, ranging from the comic to the ...
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Dickens supplements his attention to bachelor parenting with a commitment to counter-marital plotting, articulating male resistance to marriage through diverse modes, ranging from the comic to the Gothic. While Dickens has seemed the exemplar of the bourgeois Victorian novelist using the wedlock tradition as a device for social reward and closure, the security of such plots is undermined by a wealth of counter-traditional narratives, in which marital closure is strenuously avoided. Important work has examined resistance to marital plotting from within in Dickens's fiction, noting the near ubiquity of marital disharmony. This project turns from discontent to indisposition to register Dickens's explicit articulations and plotting of marital aversion. Taking the presentation of the congenital and celebrated bachelor Mr Lorry in the weekly instalments and monthly parts of A Tale of Two Citiesas an opening case study, this chapter proposes that Dickens's first readers read differently for the plot. It teases out the queer possibilities of the serial form in which linear, teleological reading is structurally discouraged and closure is only ever a temporary cessation. By examining Dickens's fiction through the approaches recommended by book history — attentive to the conditions of publication and the varied experiences of readers — it becomes apparent that marriage and reproduction, even when present in Dickensian denouement, were not usually experienced as the author's final word.Less
Dickens supplements his attention to bachelor parenting with a commitment to counter-marital plotting, articulating male resistance to marriage through diverse modes, ranging from the comic to the Gothic. While Dickens has seemed the exemplar of the bourgeois Victorian novelist using the wedlock tradition as a device for social reward and closure, the security of such plots is undermined by a wealth of counter-traditional narratives, in which marital closure is strenuously avoided. Important work has examined resistance to marital plotting from within in Dickens's fiction, noting the near ubiquity of marital disharmony. This project turns from discontent to indisposition to register Dickens's explicit articulations and plotting of marital aversion. Taking the presentation of the congenital and celebrated bachelor Mr Lorry in the weekly instalments and monthly parts of A Tale of Two Citiesas an opening case study, this chapter proposes that Dickens's first readers read differently for the plot. It teases out the queer possibilities of the serial form in which linear, teleological reading is structurally discouraged and closure is only ever a temporary cessation. By examining Dickens's fiction through the approaches recommended by book history — attentive to the conditions of publication and the varied experiences of readers — it becomes apparent that marriage and reproduction, even when present in Dickensian denouement, were not usually experienced as the author's final word.
Florin Curta and Siu-lun Wong
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748638093
- eISBN:
- 9780748670741
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748638093.003.0005
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
The examination of the archaeological evidence from the main urban centers of late antique Greece shows that only in a few cases (Thessalonica, Nikopolis) did the ancient urban layout and street grid ...
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The examination of the archaeological evidence from the main urban centers of late antique Greece shows that only in a few cases (Thessalonica, Nikopolis) did the ancient urban layout and street grid survive beyond ca. 500. In most other cases, the urban occupation was considerably diminished and re-grouped on a fortified acropolis, while previously grand buildings were turned into modest houses or workshops. Another parallel phenomenon is the appearance of intramural burials, often right in the agora. Neither earthquakes, nor the plague or barbarian invasions can be blamed for this phenomenon, which seems to have been associated instead with the withdrawal of the urban elites and the interruption of long-distance trade connections. When troops and administration were finally withdrawn from the Balkans in ca. 620, most urban centers in Greece were abandoned.Less
The examination of the archaeological evidence from the main urban centers of late antique Greece shows that only in a few cases (Thessalonica, Nikopolis) did the ancient urban layout and street grid survive beyond ca. 500. In most other cases, the urban occupation was considerably diminished and re-grouped on a fortified acropolis, while previously grand buildings were turned into modest houses or workshops. Another parallel phenomenon is the appearance of intramural burials, often right in the agora. Neither earthquakes, nor the plague or barbarian invasions can be blamed for this phenomenon, which seems to have been associated instead with the withdrawal of the urban elites and the interruption of long-distance trade connections. When troops and administration were finally withdrawn from the Balkans in ca. 620, most urban centers in Greece were abandoned.
Joachim Whaley
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198731016
- eISBN:
- 9780191730870
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198731016.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Charles V, already king of Spain and ruler of the Low Countries, combined the imperial title with a wider collection of lands than any ruler previously. He had visions of establishing a new world ...
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Charles V, already king of Spain and ruler of the Low Countries, combined the imperial title with a wider collection of lands than any ruler previously. He had visions of establishing a new world empire. In reality, problems in Spain and conflicts with France and the Turks prevented him from asserting himself in Germany. His hesitation in handing significant power to his brother Ferdinand, who had inherited the Austrian duchies, Bohemia and Hungary, allowed the princes to assert their traditional freedom and prevented the emperor from intervening decisively to deal with Luther. The Reichstag of Speyer (1526) devolved responsibility for dealing with the religious issue to the princes. Meanwhile, however, the religious protest movement spawned other leaders such as Zwingli and Müntzer and exploded in religious radicalism, the Knights' War, the Peasants' War and a wave of popular urban Reformations.Less
Charles V, already king of Spain and ruler of the Low Countries, combined the imperial title with a wider collection of lands than any ruler previously. He had visions of establishing a new world empire. In reality, problems in Spain and conflicts with France and the Turks prevented him from asserting himself in Germany. His hesitation in handing significant power to his brother Ferdinand, who had inherited the Austrian duchies, Bohemia and Hungary, allowed the princes to assert their traditional freedom and prevented the emperor from intervening decisively to deal with Luther. The Reichstag of Speyer (1526) devolved responsibility for dealing with the religious issue to the princes. Meanwhile, however, the religious protest movement spawned other leaders such as Zwingli and Müntzer and exploded in religious radicalism, the Knights' War, the Peasants' War and a wave of popular urban Reformations.
Andrew Sanders
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198183549
- eISBN:
- 9780191674068
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198183549.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
Dickens's response to the historic past was, for the most part, antipathetic. At their best, his retrospects suggest a large degree of ambiguity; at their worst they indicate a profound and restless ...
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Dickens's response to the historic past was, for the most part, antipathetic. At their best, his retrospects suggest a large degree of ambiguity; at their worst they indicate a profound and restless intolerance. But, contrary to much received opinion, he was neither nonchalant about history nor was his response to the manner and mores of the past exclusively that of ‘amused contempt’. His reaction to the culture, society, and politics of the late 18th century, that is, to the world of his relatively humble grandparents and of his yet obscurer great grandparents was, however, sharper and more defined than his responses to earlier periods. As the opening paragraph of A Tale of Two Cities suggests, it was also, as were many of his other intellectual responses, a distinctively ambiguous reaction.Less
Dickens's response to the historic past was, for the most part, antipathetic. At their best, his retrospects suggest a large degree of ambiguity; at their worst they indicate a profound and restless intolerance. But, contrary to much received opinion, he was neither nonchalant about history nor was his response to the manner and mores of the past exclusively that of ‘amused contempt’. His reaction to the culture, society, and politics of the late 18th century, that is, to the world of his relatively humble grandparents and of his yet obscurer great grandparents was, however, sharper and more defined than his responses to earlier periods. As the opening paragraph of A Tale of Two Cities suggests, it was also, as were many of his other intellectual responses, a distinctively ambiguous reaction.
Jennifer Anna Gosetti-Ferencei
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199604128
- eISBN:
- 9780191729362
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199604128.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
In modernism, the city is exoticized as a primitive realm, a symbolic convergence of the spaces of external urban experience and the inner psyche. Exoticization in Brecht’s drama Im Dickicht der ...
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In modernism, the city is exoticized as a primitive realm, a symbolic convergence of the spaces of external urban experience and the inner psyche. Exoticization in Brecht’s drama Im Dickicht der Städte occurs through depictions of fragmentation of perception, intense emotional and sexual struggle, and metaphoric comparison of the city to a jungle or a swamp. Fractured sensations, animalistic lust, fear, or aggression, and confusion between imagination and objective reality, threaten the ostensibly rational order of urban life, and may lead to the unveiling of a more essential substrate. Brecht’s drama sheds critical light on modernity and the urban form of modern life, in particular the fracturing of the individual and his social foundations in urban spaces, by associating the primitive with social antagonism and exploitation. As in Expressionist fiction and poetry and modernist aesthetics, the city and the human psyche symbolically converge.Less
In modernism, the city is exoticized as a primitive realm, a symbolic convergence of the spaces of external urban experience and the inner psyche. Exoticization in Brecht’s drama Im Dickicht der Städte occurs through depictions of fragmentation of perception, intense emotional and sexual struggle, and metaphoric comparison of the city to a jungle or a swamp. Fractured sensations, animalistic lust, fear, or aggression, and confusion between imagination and objective reality, threaten the ostensibly rational order of urban life, and may lead to the unveiling of a more essential substrate. Brecht’s drama sheds critical light on modernity and the urban form of modern life, in particular the fracturing of the individual and his social foundations in urban spaces, by associating the primitive with social antagonism and exploitation. As in Expressionist fiction and poetry and modernist aesthetics, the city and the human psyche symbolically converge.
Reinhold Martin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781517901189
- eISBN:
- 9781452955391
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9781517901189.001.0001
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural Theory and Criticism
The Urban Apparatus analyzes urbanization and the contemporary city in aesthetic, socioeconomic, and mediapolitical terms. Its main argument is that understanding the city as infrastructure (i.e. ...
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The Urban Apparatus analyzes urbanization and the contemporary city in aesthetic, socioeconomic, and mediapolitical terms. Its main argument is that understanding the city as infrastructure (i.e. hardware in all senses) reveals the category of the urban, and of urbanization, to be a way of imparting functional, aesthetic, and cognitive order to a contradictory, doubly-bound neoliberal regime, rather than an empirical or properly theoretical description of that regime. The “urban” is, in short, an apparatus of power and of knowledge. The book’s detailed theoretical introduction elaborates this thesis. It is followed by ten shorter essays, each of which explores questions related to urban life through specific examples from around the world.Less
The Urban Apparatus analyzes urbanization and the contemporary city in aesthetic, socioeconomic, and mediapolitical terms. Its main argument is that understanding the city as infrastructure (i.e. hardware in all senses) reveals the category of the urban, and of urbanization, to be a way of imparting functional, aesthetic, and cognitive order to a contradictory, doubly-bound neoliberal regime, rather than an empirical or properly theoretical description of that regime. The “urban” is, in short, an apparatus of power and of knowledge. The book’s detailed theoretical introduction elaborates this thesis. It is followed by ten shorter essays, each of which explores questions related to urban life through specific examples from around the world.
Shannon Mattern
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781517902438
- eISBN:
- 9781452958767
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9781517902438.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
Offering powerful new ways of thinking about our cities, Shannon Mattern goes far beyond the historical concepts of origins, development, revolutions, and the accomplishments of an elite few. Her ...
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Offering powerful new ways of thinking about our cities, Shannon Mattern goes far beyond the historical concepts of origins, development, revolutions, and the accomplishments of an elite few. Her vivid prose leads readers through a historically and geographically broad range of stories and takes media archaeology to the city’s streets, revealing new ways to write our urban, media, and cultural histories.Less
Offering powerful new ways of thinking about our cities, Shannon Mattern goes far beyond the historical concepts of origins, development, revolutions, and the accomplishments of an elite few. Her vivid prose leads readers through a historically and geographically broad range of stories and takes media archaeology to the city’s streets, revealing new ways to write our urban, media, and cultural histories.
John Kemm, Jayne Parry, and Stephen Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198526292
- eISBN:
- 9780191723889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526292.003.0013
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Health impact assessment (HIA) for the purpose of community development is not a new idea. For instance, many communities in the Healthy Cities movement have used HIAs to examine how local ...
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Health impact assessment (HIA) for the purpose of community development is not a new idea. For instance, many communities in the Healthy Cities movement have used HIAs to examine how local environmental conditions influence community health and functioning. Findings from HIAs of this type are useful both in planning and in citizen advocacy for better community living conditions. This type of HIA (referred to hereafter as HIA-CD) is different from usual HIA practice, in which pre-specified policies, programmes, or projects are the objects of assessment. This chapter sketches the rationale for HIA-CD and provides some illustrative examples.Less
Health impact assessment (HIA) for the purpose of community development is not a new idea. For instance, many communities in the Healthy Cities movement have used HIAs to examine how local environmental conditions influence community health and functioning. Findings from HIAs of this type are useful both in planning and in citizen advocacy for better community living conditions. This type of HIA (referred to hereafter as HIA-CD) is different from usual HIA practice, in which pre-specified policies, programmes, or projects are the objects of assessment. This chapter sketches the rationale for HIA-CD and provides some illustrative examples.
Josef W. Konvitz
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781784992903
- eISBN:
- 9781526103970
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784992903.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
Cities are the engines of the economy, but the are running low on two key inputs, infrastructure investment and innovation. The image of the engine calls attention to flawed assumptions made about ...
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Cities are the engines of the economy, but the are running low on two key inputs, infrastructure investment and innovation. The image of the engine calls attention to flawed assumptions made about how urban economies function, linked to the dominance of macro-economic and sectoral policies. There are problems related to data which make it difficult for policy makers to anticipate the dynamic effects of urban change; as a result they are not able to enhance the positive effects of density and specialization (agglomeration effects). Governments need policies for cities – forward looking, not remedial. The chapter highlights the costs of the 2008 crisis before ending with a series of 9 questions about the future of economic and political systems and of the role of cities in them.Less
Cities are the engines of the economy, but the are running low on two key inputs, infrastructure investment and innovation. The image of the engine calls attention to flawed assumptions made about how urban economies function, linked to the dominance of macro-economic and sectoral policies. There are problems related to data which make it difficult for policy makers to anticipate the dynamic effects of urban change; as a result they are not able to enhance the positive effects of density and specialization (agglomeration effects). Governments need policies for cities – forward looking, not remedial. The chapter highlights the costs of the 2008 crisis before ending with a series of 9 questions about the future of economic and political systems and of the role of cities in them.
Travis Vogan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780520292956
- eISBN:
- 9780520966260
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520292956.003.0017
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Television
Cable outlets emerged in the mid-1970s and used the practices ABC Sports had established to gain a toehold in the new industry. To mitigate these threats, ABC acquired majority ownership of ESPN, the ...
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Cable outlets emerged in the mid-1970s and used the practices ABC Sports had established to gain a toehold in the new industry. To mitigate these threats, ABC acquired majority ownership of ESPN, the first all-sports cable channel and the biggest threat to its market share. But traditionally reliable ABC Sports programs like Wide World of Sports and Monday Night Football sank in popularity as the sports television market expanded. Adding to these changes—and reflecting the upsurge of corporate consolidation that marked the 1980s—Capital Cities Communications acquired ABC in 1985 and implemented a series of budgetary, procedural, and personnel changes that saw ABC Sports give up both Arledge and the Olympics. Chapter 7 considers how these shifts altered ABC Sports’ previously secure place within the reconstituted ABC, sports television, and popular culture while contextualizing the broader industrial transformation they foretold.Less
Cable outlets emerged in the mid-1970s and used the practices ABC Sports had established to gain a toehold in the new industry. To mitigate these threats, ABC acquired majority ownership of ESPN, the first all-sports cable channel and the biggest threat to its market share. But traditionally reliable ABC Sports programs like Wide World of Sports and Monday Night Football sank in popularity as the sports television market expanded. Adding to these changes—and reflecting the upsurge of corporate consolidation that marked the 1980s—Capital Cities Communications acquired ABC in 1985 and implemented a series of budgetary, procedural, and personnel changes that saw ABC Sports give up both Arledge and the Olympics. Chapter 7 considers how these shifts altered ABC Sports’ previously secure place within the reconstituted ABC, sports television, and popular culture while contextualizing the broader industrial transformation they foretold.
Max Hirsh
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780816696093
- eISBN:
- 9781452955148
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816696093.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Airport Urbanism studies the exponential leap of global air traffic since the 1980s and its implications for the planning and designing of five East and Southeast Asian cities. Focusing on the ...
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Airport Urbanism studies the exponential leap of global air traffic since the 1980s and its implications for the planning and designing of five East and Southeast Asian cities. Focusing on the low-cost, informal, and “transborder” transportation networks used by newer members of the flying public, the book uncovers the architecture of an emerging global mobility that has been inconspicuously inserted into buildings and places that are not typically associated with the infrastructure of international air travel. The primary focus is in Asia, with research conducted in five different locations: China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Unique security clearance has allowed for access to the restricted zones of airports, unpublished maps, and photographs. In all, the book combines research tools from the humanities and design professions in order to advance an innovative approach to the study of rapidly developing Asian cities in relation to the increase of air travel.Less
Airport Urbanism studies the exponential leap of global air traffic since the 1980s and its implications for the planning and designing of five East and Southeast Asian cities. Focusing on the low-cost, informal, and “transborder” transportation networks used by newer members of the flying public, the book uncovers the architecture of an emerging global mobility that has been inconspicuously inserted into buildings and places that are not typically associated with the infrastructure of international air travel. The primary focus is in Asia, with research conducted in five different locations: China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Unique security clearance has allowed for access to the restricted zones of airports, unpublished maps, and photographs. In all, the book combines research tools from the humanities and design professions in order to advance an innovative approach to the study of rapidly developing Asian cities in relation to the increase of air travel.
Michael Oluf Emerson and Kevin T. Smiley
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781479856794
- eISBN:
- 9781479882922
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479856794.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
The book’s claim is that cities in the twenty-first century are diverging in their fundamental priorities in one of two directions: toward markets or toward people. In introducing the concepts of ...
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The book’s claim is that cities in the twenty-first century are diverging in their fundamental priorities in one of two directions: toward markets or toward people. In introducing the concepts of Market Cities and People Cities, we make our primary argument that cities are not the homogeneous lot that many urban scholars might lead us to believe. Rather, our investigation of Copenhagen and Houston supplies the evidence that there are wide and important differences across cities. In this chapter, we state this argument, address a few critical questions, illustrate the concepts using a journey through our two cities, and preview the chapters to come.Less
The book’s claim is that cities in the twenty-first century are diverging in their fundamental priorities in one of two directions: toward markets or toward people. In introducing the concepts of Market Cities and People Cities, we make our primary argument that cities are not the homogeneous lot that many urban scholars might lead us to believe. Rather, our investigation of Copenhagen and Houston supplies the evidence that there are wide and important differences across cities. In this chapter, we state this argument, address a few critical questions, illustrate the concepts using a journey through our two cities, and preview the chapters to come.
