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Classical Scattering Theory

Peter Monk

in Finite Element Methods for Maxwell's Equations

This chapter presents basic tools for studying the scattering problem. The Stratton-Chu integral representation of the electromagnetic field is derived as well as the far field pattern of the ... More

This chapter presents basic tools for studying the scattering problem. The Stratton-Chu integral representation of the electromagnetic field is derived as well as the far field pattern of the scattered wave. Using vector wave functions related to spherical Bessel functions, scattering by a perfectly conducting sphere is analysed, and Rellich’s lemma is proven. The mapping properties of the exterior Calderon operator that maps the surface electric current to the surface magnetic current are also derived, leading to the Mie solution of the scattering problem. This solution is useful as an exact solution for testing scattering codes.Less

Never Say “Never Again”

Jeffrey Magee

in The Uncrowned King of Swing: Fletcher Henderson and Big Band Jazz

Far from securing his position and income, Henderson's work for Benny Goodman initiated an unstable sequence of ups and downs that continued until his death in 1952. Goodman's success, and the ... More

Far from securing his position and income, Henderson's work for Benny Goodman initiated an unstable sequence of ups and downs that continued until his death in 1952. Goodman's success, and the unprecedented popularity of swing, spurred Henderson to form a new band, including trumpeter Roy Eldridge and saxophonist Chu Berry, which had mixed fortunes. The band enjoyed an extended residence at the Grand Terrace Café in Chicago, where Henderson had a hit with a piece titled “Christopher Columbus”. This chapter explores that tune's conflicting attributions and musical features. It continues with a survey of Henderson's posthumous legacy, noting how Henderson's style become the common tongue of big-band swing, how his music continues to appear on film and radio, and how the vicissitudes of Henderson's career speak to larger unresolved issues in American history and culture.Less

Viet Minh Combat Forces

Charles R. Shrader

in A War of Logistics: Parachutes and Porters in Indochina, 1945-1954

In Chapter 3, the author describes the number, distribution, and organization of Viet Minh combat forces, including the high command and territorial structures and the organization of tactical units.

Home for the Handover: Muted Exceptionalisms in Transnational Times

Stacilee Ford

in Troubling American Women: Narratives of Gender and Nation in Hong Kong

This chapter examines the women's narratives with regard to cross-cultural encounters during the run up to 1997, and shortly thereafter, when the pedagogical impulse, while still evident, was ... More

This chapter examines the women's narratives with regard to cross-cultural encounters during the run up to 1997, and shortly thereafter, when the pedagogical impulse, while still evident, was deployed in a more subtle fashion. The chapter focuses on Betty Peh-T'I Wei, Ruth Epp, and Teresa Norton. It also considers Hong Kong migration melodramas and Crystal Kwok's The Mistress. There are still “bits of America and American culture” circulating in Hong Kong and the rhetoric of American exceptionalism is evident from time to time. To show the relevance of the exceptionalist metaphor for the current generation, this chapter concludes with a slightly different take on narratives of national/quasi-national belonging. It returns to Chu Yingchi's assertion that Hong Kong identity is, in many respects, a quasinational identity, and the chapter talks about the students the author teaches at the University of Hong Kong (HKU).Less

Stopping the Chu Army: (Zhi Chu shi 止楚師)

in Shizi: China's First Syncretist

This chapter presents the story of Mo Zi, perhaps to illustrate the power of ministerial persuasion upon the ruler. It offers “spiritous” advice for the ruler: do not start wars of aggression. Mo Zi ... More

This chapter presents the story of Mo Zi, perhaps to illustrate the power of ministerial persuasion upon the ruler. It offers “spiritous” advice for the ruler: do not start wars of aggression. Mo Zi travels to the state of Chu to persuade its ruler not to attack the state of Song. Chu was richer than Song and the impending invasion seemed to be motivated largely by a desire to try out a Chu engineer's recent invention of a military scaling ladder. Mo Zi argues that the Song ruler had committed no crime and that Chu was already considerably richer in natural resources than Song. The Chu ruler was in the end convinced and called off the war.Less

Guilt Trip to China

Richard Chu

in Cultural Curiosity: Thirteen Stories about the Search for Chinese Roots

Richard Chu was the only son of the seven children of ethnic Chinese parents living in the Philippines. He details why his grandparents relocated in the Philippines in 1938, and discusses the various ... More

Richard Chu was the only son of the seven children of ethnic Chinese parents living in the Philippines. He details why his grandparents relocated in the Philippines in 1938, and discusses the various reasons for, and the constraints experienced by, Chinese in obtaining Filipino citizenship. Richard was raised by a Filipino nanny, so he was more fluent in Tagalog. However, his parents wanted all of their children to speak Hokkien. Richard details how his mother perceives Filipinos. He studied in an exclusive Catholic boys' school with a great reputation for academic excellence among the Chinese. Although Richard got increasingly assimilated into Filipino culture, he did not completely forget or abandon his Chinese heritage. He visited his relatives and ancestral home in China, and then shared his discoveries and feelings. Richard explains that one's identity is capable of being constructed, invented, or manipulated.Less

Wuxia After a Touch of Zen

Stephen Teo

in Chinese Martial Arts Cinema: The Wuxia Tradition

In 1975, King Hu’s A Touch of Zen became one of the rare Chinese films to ever win a prize at the Cannes Film Festival. The film is positioned here as a landmark in the development of the wuxia genre ... More

In 1975, King Hu’s A Touch of Zen became one of the rare Chinese films to ever win a prize at the Cannes Film Festival. The film is positioned here as a landmark in the development of the wuxia genre in the Hong Kong and Taiwan film industries, the two most productive in terms of the wuxia output. The chapter discusses director Chu Yuan’s remarkable series of wuxia films adapted from the popular novels of Gu Long. The Hong Kong cinema, led by a corps of young ‘new wave’ mavericks (including Tsui Hark, Ann Hui, Patrick Tam and Wong Kar-wai), went on to produce a body of stunning kung fu and wuxia films that brought the martial arts genre to new heights.Less

National and International Adaptations of the Children’s Aid Society Model

Janice Chu-Zhu

in Community Schools in Action: Lessons from a Decade of Practice

When the CAS community schools first opened in New York City in 1992, they attracted many visitors interested in learning about and adapting our model. In response CAS created its National ... More

When the CAS community schools first opened in New York City in 1992, they attracted many visitors interested in learning about and adapting our model. In response CAS created its National Technical Assistance Center for Community Schools (NTACCS) in 1994 to handle the increasing number of requests for information, coordinate the large number of visitors to the schools, and provide technical assistance in the process and operations involved in creating a community school. People who wish to adapt our model can now tour the various components of our program and meet with our staff to ask questions and learn about the implementation of our program. This chapter will explore the core components of the CAS model and how adaptation sites in the United States and other countries have been able to incorporate elements that represent their signature style and reflect the needs of their individual communities. An immediate dilemma occurs when program planners seek to learn from the experience of others—should they try to replicate the model precisely or should they try to adapt it to their own local circumstances? Replicators often speak of the importance of “program fidelity,” while adaptors talk about differing needs among various communities and populations. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) astutely assesses the dilemma: “While individual tailoring may account for success at a given location, there is pressing need for theoretically grounded interventions that will be effective in a wide range of communities. Therein lies a challenge. On the one hand, ‘replication’ implies fidelity to the original while, on the other hand, ‘community-based and culturally sensitive’ implies expectation of variation and sensitivity to that variation. The need to vary interventions is widely accepted, but systematically developed and articulated only occasionally.” The NIMH study found two key components that improved the effectiveness of HIV prevention programs as they were implemented in multiple sites around the country. One component was that they were “community-based,” designed with the input and skills of the particular communities in which they were implemented. The second was that the programs were “culturally sensitive”—that is, they reflected the needs and cultures of the individuals expected to participate in the intervention and used media and messages relevant to those individuals and their lives. Less

Qianlong’s Flawed System of Oversight

Norman A. Kutcher

in Eunuch and Emperor in the Great Age of Qing Rule

This chapter examines the system of imperial oversight that Qianlong developed to watch over his eunuchs. Its four components: the Careful Punishments Office (Shenxing Si), system of eunuch hierarchy ... More

This chapter examines the system of imperial oversight that Qianlong developed to watch over his eunuchs. Its four components: the Careful Punishments Office (Shenxing Si), system of eunuch hierarchy and responsibility, Inner Police Bureau (Fanyi Chu), and punishment mechanisms had in common that each was flawed and unable to discover or discourage the activities of his eunuchs. At a fundamental level, the Imperial Household Department was unable or unwilling to keep track of its eunuchs, with personnel files rarely consulted, and eunuchs themselves largely indistinguishable one from the other.Less

“Only Available in Shanghai”: The Honey Nectar Peach and the Idea of Shanghai in Late Imperial China

in Culinary Nostalgia: Regional Food Culture and the Urban Experience in Shanghai

This chapter is concerned with the importance of peaches to the idea of Shanghai, whose gardens and their finest product—the honey nectar peach—put Shanghai culture on the map. The development of the ... More

This chapter is concerned with the importance of peaches to the idea of Shanghai, whose gardens and their finest product—the honey nectar peach—put Shanghai culture on the map. The development of the region's salt industry was a major turning point in Huating, and later Shanghai, history. Cotton heightened the commercialization of the Shanghai region. The reputation of Shanghai peaches and gardens arose with the gazetteer knowledge trail. The Treatise on the Honey Nectar Peach by Chu Hua supports the techniques employed in Shanghai to grow a successful crop, emphasizing that peaches were different from other fruit trees and presented growers with a unique set of challenges. Chen Wenshu noted that the peach had not previously been the subject of a botanical monograph. Chen's allusions put forth the idea that Shanghai had indeed become a “microcosm” of the Chinese realm, and of “the universe itself.”Less

Beauty in Deep Emotion

Li Zehou

in The Chinese Aesthetic Tradition

This chapter examines how Qu Yuan, believed to be the author of much of the collection Songs of Chu (Chuci), and the Wei-Jin metaphysicals extended and advanced Confucian ethical emotion and the ... More

This chapter examines how Qu Yuan, believed to be the author of much of the collection Songs of Chu (Chuci), and the Wei-Jin metaphysicals extended and advanced Confucian ethical emotion and the practice of moral analogy through the noumenal experience of the unity of the deep emotions with wisdom, as well as through imaginary reality. It considers how the Daoist and Confucian strains encounter the tradition surrounding the Songs of Chu and demonstrates the importance of the “deep emotion” Qu Yuan experiences in his ruminations on mortality. It also discusses the role of natural imagery in the Songs of Chu and its impact on Chinese aesthetics. It argues that the unity of the deep emotions with wisdom occurred on the level of feeling and content. It shows how the confluence of Zhuangzi, Qu Yuan, and Confucianism in the Wei-Jin period forged the basic psychological character and rational mechanisms of Chinese art and aesthetics.Less

Northern Perceptions of the Pre-Sinitic South

Hugh R. Clark

in The Sinitic Encounter in Southeast China through the First Millennium CE

Beginning with the culture of the Warring States Chu kingdom, this chapter reconstructs perceptions across the North–South divide from the late 1st millennium BCE into the mid-1st millennium CE. The ... More

Beginning with the culture of the Warring States Chu kingdom, this chapter reconstructs perceptions across the North–South divide from the late 1st millennium BCE into the mid-1st millennium CE. The focus of the chapter is on the “Yue,” a generic term describing a wide range of local cultures along the southeast and southern coasts that were linked by an Austronesian linguistic heritage. Initial contact between the “central lands” and the Yue, or “Hundred Yue,” beginning in the early imperial era, was characterized by hostility and resistance. Drawing on poetry the chapter explores the negative reactions of northerners such as Han Yu who had been sent to the South as punishment. The chapter also examines evidence of southern resistance, such as that connected with the Celestial Masters and Sun En.Less

Chinese writing

Giorgio Francesco Arcodia and Bianca Basciano

in Chinese Linguistics: An Introduction

This chapter deals with the topic of writing in China, including both Chinese writing proper and some Chinese-derived writing systems for non-Sinitic languages. It discusses some basic questions ... More

This chapter deals with the topic of writing in China, including both Chinese writing proper and some Chinese-derived writing systems for non-Sinitic languages. It discusses some basic questions concerning Chinese writing, namely, the nature of the Chinese script and its relationship with language, the classification of Chinese characters, their number and use. It then proposes a sketch of the history of Chinese writing from its earliest attestations, also discussing the phonographic writing systems developed for Sinitic languages. The last part of this chapter is devoted to the writing systems for Chinese dialects, with a focus on Cantonese and Taiwanese, and to the Chinese-derived writing systems for Vietnamese (the Chữ Nôm script) and Zhuang (the Sawndip script).Less

Vernacular Languages

Andrew Chittick

in The Jiankang Empire in Chinese and World History

Chapter 4, “Vernacular Languages,” offers the second of two case studies in the ethnicization of cultural features of the Wuren. Using the results of modern linguistic studies, the chapter shows that ... More

Chapter 4, “Vernacular Languages,” offers the second of two case studies in the ethnicization of cultural features of the Wuren. Using the results of modern linguistic studies, the chapter shows that the vernacular spoken languages of the Jiankang Empire have a substantial, perhaps predominant, non-Sinitic basis, most importantly in the Austro-Asiatic family (along with Mon and Khmer, among others). These languages were recognized as decisively foreign by people of the Central Plains. Within the empire, the polyglot linguistic situation in the fifth and sixth centuries was addressed by the use of one of two common spoken tongues, either Jiankang Elite vernacular (the most Sinitic language within the empire) for the educated class, or, to a much lesser but still significant extent, Chu vernacular among the military.Less

Globalization and Benedict XVI’s Caritas in Veritate

Matthew A. Shadle

in Interrupting Capitalism: Catholic Social Thought and the Economy

In recent years the economy has become globalized. Globalization is the increased flow of goods, services, capital, people, and culture facilitated by innovations in transportation and communication ... More

In recent years the economy has become globalized. Globalization is the increased flow of goods, services, capital, people, and culture facilitated by innovations in transportation and communication technologies. This chapter examines the phenomenon of globalization and its impact on Catholic social teaching. It looks, in particular, at Pope Benedict XVI’s encyclical Caritas in Veritate. Pope Benedict criticizes how the current global economy exploits and excludes vulnerable populations around the world. Caritas in Veritate further develops the communio framework initiated by John Paul II and proposes that the communion of the three Persons of the Trinity provides a model for the shape globalization should take, recognizing unity in the midst of diversity. The chapter also looks at how Catholic social thought itself is globalizing, examining in particular the work of Mary Mee-Yin Yuen from Hong Kong and Stan Chu Ilo from Nigeria.Less