Anna Sun
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155579
- eISBN:
- 9781400846085
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155579.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This introductory chapter talks about the confusions and controversies over the religious nature of Confucianism. It argues that the confusions come mainly from three sources. First, they come from ...
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This introductory chapter talks about the confusions and controversies over the religious nature of Confucianism. It argues that the confusions come mainly from three sources. First, they come from the conceptualization of Confucianism as a world religion at the end of the nineteenth century in Europe, which was a historical product of the emergence of the “world religions” paradigm in the West. Second, they are caused by the problematic way in which Confucianism—and Chinese religions in general—has been studied and represented by questions which are based on a Judeo-Christian framework that cannot capture the complexity of Chinese religious life. Finally, confusion arises from the often contradictory development of Confucianism in today's China.Less
This introductory chapter talks about the confusions and controversies over the religious nature of Confucianism. It argues that the confusions come mainly from three sources. First, they come from the conceptualization of Confucianism as a world religion at the end of the nineteenth century in Europe, which was a historical product of the emergence of the “world religions” paradigm in the West. Second, they are caused by the problematic way in which Confucianism—and Chinese religions in general—has been studied and represented by questions which are based on a Judeo-Christian framework that cannot capture the complexity of Chinese religious life. Finally, confusion arises from the often contradictory development of Confucianism in today's China.
Maurizio Viroli
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691142357
- eISBN:
- 9781400845514
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691142357.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter focuses on the decline of republican religion. In the late sixteenth century, while the Florentine experiment with republican government was on the wane, the conviction that Christian ...
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This chapter focuses on the decline of republican religion. In the late sixteenth century, while the Florentine experiment with republican government was on the wane, the conviction that Christian religion and republican principles were tightly interconnected was also in decline. In contrast, the idea that to serve the republic one must depart from God, or that to save one's soul one must put aside republican ideals, became more and more widely spread. Evidence of this decline can be found in Guicciardini's reflections in Le cose fiorentine (1528). He reports that the belief that God loves the freedom of peoples is commonly held in Florence, but he cautiously abstains from adopting that opinion as his own. While he censures neither confiding in God nor expressing gratitude to him, he exhorts people to be wise and hope for God's help as a reward for wisdom, rather than as a remedy for recklessness and madness.Less
This chapter focuses on the decline of republican religion. In the late sixteenth century, while the Florentine experiment with republican government was on the wane, the conviction that Christian religion and republican principles were tightly interconnected was also in decline. In contrast, the idea that to serve the republic one must depart from God, or that to save one's soul one must put aside republican ideals, became more and more widely spread. Evidence of this decline can be found in Guicciardini's reflections in Le cose fiorentine (1528). He reports that the belief that God loves the freedom of peoples is commonly held in Florence, but he cautiously abstains from adopting that opinion as his own. While he censures neither confiding in God nor expressing gratitude to him, he exhorts people to be wise and hope for God's help as a reward for wisdom, rather than as a remedy for recklessness and madness.
Maurizio Viroli
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691142357
- eISBN:
- 9781400845514
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691142357.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter considers elaborations of republican religion in Quattrocento political thought. Politicians, prophets, historians, and philosophers explained that the men who serve the common good ...
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This chapter considers elaborations of republican religion in Quattrocento political thought. Politicians, prophets, historians, and philosophers explained that the men who serve the common good render themselves godlike. Salutati, for instance, stated several times that a good Christian has a duty to serve his fatherland with all his energies. He also noted that charity toward the fatherland must comprise as well as surpass any other affection, bond, and interest. Bruni, who served as chancellor of the republic from 1410 to 1411, and again from 1427 until his death in 1444, also thought that the good Christian should be a good citizen, ready to serve his fatherland, because Christ's word does not conflict with a love of country.Less
This chapter considers elaborations of republican religion in Quattrocento political thought. Politicians, prophets, historians, and philosophers explained that the men who serve the common good render themselves godlike. Salutati, for instance, stated several times that a good Christian has a duty to serve his fatherland with all his energies. He also noted that charity toward the fatherland must comprise as well as surpass any other affection, bond, and interest. Bruni, who served as chancellor of the republic from 1410 to 1411, and again from 1427 until his death in 1444, also thought that the good Christian should be a good citizen, ready to serve his fatherland, because Christ's word does not conflict with a love of country.
Ennis Barrington Edmonds
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195133769
- eISBN:
- 9780199834167
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195133765.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
The emergence of Rastafari in Jamaica in the early 1930s must be viewed in the historical and social context of economic deprivation, political marginalization, and cultural alienation of masses of ...
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The emergence of Rastafari in Jamaica in the early 1930s must be viewed in the historical and social context of economic deprivation, political marginalization, and cultural alienation of masses of Jamaicans of African descent. Furthermore, Rastafari has deep historical roots in the tradition of resistance etched in Jamaican history by the enslaved and oppressed Africans. In this respect, Rastafari is the direct heir of the radicalism of African and Afro‐Christian religions and the African‐centeredness of Ethiopianism and Garveyism. With the crowning of Haile Selassie as emperor of Ethiopia in 1930, deprived and marginalized Jamaicans steeped in the tradition of resistance and informed by the liberation ideas of Ethiopianism and Garveyism acclaimed him as the black messiah, and thus started the Rastafarian movement. At the forefront of the movement was the charismatic Leonard P. Howell, who articulated the Rastafarian critique of Jamaican society and expressed and embodied the desire to return to the African homeland.Less
The emergence of Rastafari in Jamaica in the early 1930s must be viewed in the historical and social context of economic deprivation, political marginalization, and cultural alienation of masses of Jamaicans of African descent. Furthermore, Rastafari has deep historical roots in the tradition of resistance etched in Jamaican history by the enslaved and oppressed Africans. In this respect, Rastafari is the direct heir of the radicalism of African and Afro‐Christian religions and the African‐centeredness of Ethiopianism and Garveyism. With the crowning of Haile Selassie as emperor of Ethiopia in 1930, deprived and marginalized Jamaicans steeped in the tradition of resistance and informed by the liberation ideas of Ethiopianism and Garveyism acclaimed him as the black messiah, and thus started the Rastafarian movement. At the forefront of the movement was the charismatic Leonard P. Howell, who articulated the Rastafarian critique of Jamaican society and expressed and embodied the desire to return to the African homeland.
Maurizio Viroli
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691142357
- eISBN:
- 9781400845514
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691142357.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter considers theories on religious reform. Those show lived liberty as a religious faith felt a deep revulsion for the corruption of the clergy and the temporal power of the pope. The ...
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This chapter considers theories on religious reform. Those show lived liberty as a religious faith felt a deep revulsion for the corruption of the clergy and the temporal power of the pope. The former corrupted customs and extinguished civil virtues; the latter was a constant menace to republics and hindered the rule of law from within, through the vindication of exemptions and privileges. For this reason, republics intensely felt the need for a religious reform that would eradicate the church's temporal power and bring Christian religion back to its focus on poverty and charity. The advocates of religious reform drew inspiration and arguments from biblical and classical sources. The ideal of the twelfth-century religious movements was a reformation aimed at returning to the authentic form of the Christian religion.Less
This chapter considers theories on religious reform. Those show lived liberty as a religious faith felt a deep revulsion for the corruption of the clergy and the temporal power of the pope. The former corrupted customs and extinguished civil virtues; the latter was a constant menace to republics and hindered the rule of law from within, through the vindication of exemptions and privileges. For this reason, republics intensely felt the need for a religious reform that would eradicate the church's temporal power and bring Christian religion back to its focus on poverty and charity. The advocates of religious reform drew inspiration and arguments from biblical and classical sources. The ideal of the twelfth-century religious movements was a reformation aimed at returning to the authentic form of the Christian religion.
Matt Jackson-McCabe
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780300180138
- eISBN:
- 9780300182378
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300180138.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This book argues that the concept of Jewish Christianity represents an enduring legacy of Christian apologetics. Freethinkers of the English Enlightenment created the category of Jewish Christianity ...
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This book argues that the concept of Jewish Christianity represents an enduring legacy of Christian apologetics. Freethinkers of the English Enlightenment created the category of Jewish Christianity as a means of isolating a true and distinctly Christian religion from the Jewish culture of Jesus and the apostles. The book shows how a category that began as a way to reimagine the apologetic notion of an authoritative “original Christianity” continues to cause problems in the contemporary study of Jewish and Christian antiquity.Less
This book argues that the concept of Jewish Christianity represents an enduring legacy of Christian apologetics. Freethinkers of the English Enlightenment created the category of Jewish Christianity as a means of isolating a true and distinctly Christian religion from the Jewish culture of Jesus and the apostles. The book shows how a category that began as a way to reimagine the apologetic notion of an authoritative “original Christianity” continues to cause problems in the contemporary study of Jewish and Christian antiquity.
David J. Jeremy
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201212
- eISBN:
- 9780191674839
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201212.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Religion
Before the First World War, business Élites were closely tied to the Christian religion as the Victorian culture of these times was intensely religious. The tenets of Christianity are imposed upon ...
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Before the First World War, business Élites were closely tied to the Christian religion as the Victorian culture of these times was intensely religious. The tenets of Christianity are imposed upon infancy and the religious encounters came by various means and in differing degrees of intensity. This chapter discusses the most forceful agencies or religious influences that formed the business values, skills and networks of business Élites of the 1900s to 1960s. The foremost agencies discussed herein are the family, the school and the local church which are believed to have greatly inculcated Christian beliefs in their formative years. These religious influences are carried out and served as their framework and dogma in their business values, business perspective, skills and their social connections.Less
Before the First World War, business Élites were closely tied to the Christian religion as the Victorian culture of these times was intensely religious. The tenets of Christianity are imposed upon infancy and the religious encounters came by various means and in differing degrees of intensity. This chapter discusses the most forceful agencies or religious influences that formed the business values, skills and networks of business Élites of the 1900s to 1960s. The foremost agencies discussed herein are the family, the school and the local church which are believed to have greatly inculcated Christian beliefs in their formative years. These religious influences are carried out and served as their framework and dogma in their business values, business perspective, skills and their social connections.
Anthony Heath, Konstanze Jacob, and Lindsay Richards
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780197266373
- eISBN:
- 9780191879562
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266373.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter uses CIL4EU data to investigate strength of identification with the nation and with the ethnic group. It explores how these vary across ethnic and religious groups, generations, and ...
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This chapter uses CIL4EU data to investigate strength of identification with the nation and with the ethnic group. It explores how these vary across ethnic and religious groups, generations, and destination countries and how far these differences can be explained by processes of social integration on the one hand or perceptions of being excluded on the other hand. The key findings are that young people with a migration background are less likely than those without a migration background to identify strongly with their country of residence. This holds true more or less irrespective of their ethnic group or religion. Differences between European and non-European minority groups, and between Muslims and members of other non-Christian religions were generally modest in size, rarely reached statistical significance and were dwarfed by the overall gap between minorities and the majority.Less
This chapter uses CIL4EU data to investigate strength of identification with the nation and with the ethnic group. It explores how these vary across ethnic and religious groups, generations, and destination countries and how far these differences can be explained by processes of social integration on the one hand or perceptions of being excluded on the other hand. The key findings are that young people with a migration background are less likely than those without a migration background to identify strongly with their country of residence. This holds true more or less irrespective of their ethnic group or religion. Differences between European and non-European minority groups, and between Muslims and members of other non-Christian religions were generally modest in size, rarely reached statistical significance and were dwarfed by the overall gap between minorities and the majority.
Ross McKibbin
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206729
- eISBN:
- 9780191677298
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206729.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Social History
This chapter examines the extent to which the English practised a religion and how far they had religious or quasi-religious beliefs. It looks at the experience of each of the significant Christian ...
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This chapter examines the extent to which the English practised a religion and how far they had religious or quasi-religious beliefs. It looks at the experience of each of the significant Christian churches over the period, how that experience differed between different churches, at the nature and meaning of ‘secularization’, and at the extent to which people held transcendent beliefs irrespective of church attendance or formal religious affiliation. It also considers the degree to which men and women differed in their beliefs. Tensions between the ‘religious’ and the ‘secular’ in English life were remarkable and, throughout these years, unresolved. The adherence of the majority of the English to religious rites of passage — birth, marriage, death — suggests that the influence of organised religion went considerably beyond its active membership.Less
This chapter examines the extent to which the English practised a religion and how far they had religious or quasi-religious beliefs. It looks at the experience of each of the significant Christian churches over the period, how that experience differed between different churches, at the nature and meaning of ‘secularization’, and at the extent to which people held transcendent beliefs irrespective of church attendance or formal religious affiliation. It also considers the degree to which men and women differed in their beliefs. Tensions between the ‘religious’ and the ‘secular’ in English life were remarkable and, throughout these years, unresolved. The adherence of the majority of the English to religious rites of passage — birth, marriage, death — suggests that the influence of organised religion went considerably beyond its active membership.
Robert T. Handy
- Published in print:
- 1976
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198269106
- eISBN:
- 9780191683572
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198269106.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The realities of war, the patterns of immigration and migration, the growth of giant cities and industries, and the ferment of intellectual revolution in the period from 1800 to 1920 influenced not ...
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The realities of war, the patterns of immigration and migration, the growth of giant cities and industries, and the ferment of intellectual revolution in the period from 1800 to 1920 influenced not only the denominations of the British Protestant background, but also strongly affected churches of other traditions. The expansion and crisis as well as the struggle for unity of Roman Catholicism are illustrated. The chapter also shows the diversity and unity of Lutheranism in America. It then emphasizes the Eastern Orthodoxy in the Western World. Some old and new smaller denominations and non-Christian religions are reported as well.Less
The realities of war, the patterns of immigration and migration, the growth of giant cities and industries, and the ferment of intellectual revolution in the period from 1800 to 1920 influenced not only the denominations of the British Protestant background, but also strongly affected churches of other traditions. The expansion and crisis as well as the struggle for unity of Roman Catholicism are illustrated. The chapter also shows the diversity and unity of Lutheranism in America. It then emphasizes the Eastern Orthodoxy in the Western World. Some old and new smaller denominations and non-Christian religions are reported as well.
Richard A. Muller
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199751846
- eISBN:
- 9780199914562
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751846.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
This is an examination of the reception of Calvin's thought in the works of seventeenth century Calvinist theologians. The chapter focuses on four ways in which Calvin's work was received: (1) the ...
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This is an examination of the reception of Calvin's thought in the works of seventeenth century Calvinist theologians. The chapter focuses on four ways in which Calvin's work was received: (1) the identity of Calvin and the character of his work, (2) referencing Calvin's Institutes and Commentaries, (3) theological uses of Calvin's work‐positive and polemical, (4) citation and use of Calvin by Herman Witsius and François Turrettini. The variety of ways in which Calvin's theology was cited and used shows that he was generally respected but not always followed, as theological Calvinism assumed a wide variety of shapes.Less
This is an examination of the reception of Calvin's thought in the works of seventeenth century Calvinist theologians. The chapter focuses on four ways in which Calvin's work was received: (1) the identity of Calvin and the character of his work, (2) referencing Calvin's Institutes and Commentaries, (3) theological uses of Calvin's work‐positive and polemical, (4) citation and use of Calvin by Herman Witsius and François Turrettini. The variety of ways in which Calvin's theology was cited and used shows that he was generally respected but not always followed, as theological Calvinism assumed a wide variety of shapes.
Michael Ruse
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691195957
- eISBN:
- 9781400888603
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691195957.003.0011
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This chapter analyzes how Charles Darwin has had huge influences on religion, particularly the Christian religion, as well as the attitude of the Darwinian. One temptation, in the tradition of ...
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This chapter analyzes how Charles Darwin has had huge influences on religion, particularly the Christian religion, as well as the attitude of the Darwinian. One temptation, in the tradition of Lucretius, is to dismiss it all as a dreadful mistake and move on. The chapter also explains how religion plays out with respect to questions about purpose. God created humans to have what are essentially his children, to love and to cherish and in return to have them thank and adore and worship. The idea is that people should spend eternity in blissful joy with God. In many versions—the Augustinian version particularly—humans rather spoiled things through our disobedience, but God in his boundless love sacrificed his son on the cross, and once again salvation is made possible.Less
This chapter analyzes how Charles Darwin has had huge influences on religion, particularly the Christian religion, as well as the attitude of the Darwinian. One temptation, in the tradition of Lucretius, is to dismiss it all as a dreadful mistake and move on. The chapter also explains how religion plays out with respect to questions about purpose. God created humans to have what are essentially his children, to love and to cherish and in return to have them thank and adore and worship. The idea is that people should spend eternity in blissful joy with God. In many versions—the Augustinian version particularly—humans rather spoiled things through our disobedience, but God in his boundless love sacrificed his son on the cross, and once again salvation is made possible.
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780856688492
- eISBN:
- 9781800342972
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9780856688492.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This edition of St. Augustine's The City of God (De Civitate Dei) is the only one in English to provide a text and translation as well as a detailed commentary of this most influential document in ...
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This edition of St. Augustine's The City of God (De Civitate Dei) is the only one in English to provide a text and translation as well as a detailed commentary of this most influential document in the history of western Christianity. In these books, written in the aftermath of the sack of Rome in AD 410 by the Goths, Augustine replies to the pagans, who attributed the fall of Rome to the Christian religion and its prohibition of the worship of the pagan gods. Following on from Book IX, this book discusses the issue of demons and their role in Platonism as being partly identical with the lesser gods. Having previously argued that in order to achieve the blessed life, we must worship one true God alone, Augustine now continues his discussion using the celebrated Neoplatonist Porphyry as his main source. Whilst applauding aspects of Porphyry's views, Augustine's main concern is to deliver his message that the sole path to blessedness after death is acknowledgement of the Incarnation and Christ as Mediator. Increasingly concerned with promoting the Christian message, Augustine cites the Bible frequently in Book X. The edition presents Latin text with facing-page translation, introduction and commentary.Less
This edition of St. Augustine's The City of God (De Civitate Dei) is the only one in English to provide a text and translation as well as a detailed commentary of this most influential document in the history of western Christianity. In these books, written in the aftermath of the sack of Rome in AD 410 by the Goths, Augustine replies to the pagans, who attributed the fall of Rome to the Christian religion and its prohibition of the worship of the pagan gods. Following on from Book IX, this book discusses the issue of demons and their role in Platonism as being partly identical with the lesser gods. Having previously argued that in order to achieve the blessed life, we must worship one true God alone, Augustine now continues his discussion using the celebrated Neoplatonist Porphyry as his main source. Whilst applauding aspects of Porphyry's views, Augustine's main concern is to deliver his message that the sole path to blessedness after death is acknowledgement of the Incarnation and Christ as Mediator. Increasingly concerned with promoting the Christian message, Augustine cites the Bible frequently in Book X. The edition presents Latin text with facing-page translation, introduction and commentary.
Courtney Bender, Wendy Cadge, Peggy Levitt, and David Smilde
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199938629
- eISBN:
- 9780199980758
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199938629.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This introductory chapter is structured as a discussion of four of the central empirical and analytic tendencies in the sociology of religion in the US, and as an account of what is going on at the ...
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This introductory chapter is structured as a discussion of four of the central empirical and analytic tendencies in the sociology of religion in the US, and as an account of what is going on at the edges where this core is being challenged. It poses a set of questions and provides a set of examples where the next generation of research might begin. What is revealed about the self, pluralism, or modernity when we look outside the United States or outside Christian settings where the center and the edges meet? What do we learn about how and where the religious is actually at work and what its role is when we unpack the assumptions about it embedded in these much used categories? What kinds of methods help bring to light these lacunae, and how do the insights they yield help us to re-center the sociology of religion? An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.Less
This introductory chapter is structured as a discussion of four of the central empirical and analytic tendencies in the sociology of religion in the US, and as an account of what is going on at the edges where this core is being challenged. It poses a set of questions and provides a set of examples where the next generation of research might begin. What is revealed about the self, pluralism, or modernity when we look outside the United States or outside Christian settings where the center and the edges meet? What do we learn about how and where the religious is actually at work and what its role is when we unpack the assumptions about it embedded in these much used categories? What kinds of methods help bring to light these lacunae, and how do the insights they yield help us to re-center the sociology of religion? An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780856688782
- eISBN:
- 9781800343009
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9780856688782.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This edition of St. Augustine's The City of God (De Civitate Dei) is the only one in English to provide a text and translation as well as a detailed commentary of this most influential document in ...
More
This edition of St. Augustine's The City of God (De Civitate Dei) is the only one in English to provide a text and translation as well as a detailed commentary of this most influential document in the history of western Christianity. In these books, written in the aftermath of the sack of Rome in AD 410 by the Goths, Augustine replies to the pagans, who attributed the fall of Rome to the Christian religion and its prohibition of the worship of the pagan gods. Books VI and VII focus on the figure of Terentius Varro, a man revered by Augustine's pagan contemporaries. By exploiting Varro's learned researches on Roman religion, Augustine condemns Roman religious practices and beliefs in order to refute pagan claims that the Roman deities had guaranteed a blessed life in the hereafter for their devotees. These books are therefore not only an invaluable source for the study of early Christianity but also for any student of Classical Rome, who is provided here with a detailed account of one of the most learned figures of Roman antiquity, whose own works have not survived in the same state. The volume presents Latin text with facing-page English translation, introduction and commentary.Less
This edition of St. Augustine's The City of God (De Civitate Dei) is the only one in English to provide a text and translation as well as a detailed commentary of this most influential document in the history of western Christianity. In these books, written in the aftermath of the sack of Rome in AD 410 by the Goths, Augustine replies to the pagans, who attributed the fall of Rome to the Christian religion and its prohibition of the worship of the pagan gods. Books VI and VII focus on the figure of Terentius Varro, a man revered by Augustine's pagan contemporaries. By exploiting Varro's learned researches on Roman religion, Augustine condemns Roman religious practices and beliefs in order to refute pagan claims that the Roman deities had guaranteed a blessed life in the hereafter for their devotees. These books are therefore not only an invaluable source for the study of early Christianity but also for any student of Classical Rome, who is provided here with a detailed account of one of the most learned figures of Roman antiquity, whose own works have not survived in the same state. The volume presents Latin text with facing-page English translation, introduction and commentary.
Lenski Noel
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520233324
- eISBN:
- 9780520928534
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520233324.003.0006
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter reports Valentinian's and Valens' attitudes toward pagans as a unified whole. The dramatic magic and treason trials that have often been used to brand both emperors as persecutors of ...
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This chapter reports Valentinian's and Valens' attitudes toward pagans as a unified whole. The dramatic magic and treason trials that have often been used to brand both emperors as persecutors of pagans are also explored. The chapter then turns to Christian religion to see how Valens differed from his brother, primarily because of the differing circumstances in which the two operated. Valens was present at many of the magic trials in his domain, Valentinian presided only from a distance. It describes Valens' baptism by the Homoians at the beginning of his reign and the influence this had on his subsequent religious. Next, it addresses Valens' handling of the Arian crisis, which can be broken into three phases. The sudden victory of Homoousianism is unlikely to have occurred had Valens not undertaken his persecutions and above all had he not been dishonored in the manner of his death.Less
This chapter reports Valentinian's and Valens' attitudes toward pagans as a unified whole. The dramatic magic and treason trials that have often been used to brand both emperors as persecutors of pagans are also explored. The chapter then turns to Christian religion to see how Valens differed from his brother, primarily because of the differing circumstances in which the two operated. Valens was present at many of the magic trials in his domain, Valentinian presided only from a distance. It describes Valens' baptism by the Homoians at the beginning of his reign and the influence this had on his subsequent religious. Next, it addresses Valens' handling of the Arian crisis, which can be broken into three phases. The sudden victory of Homoousianism is unlikely to have occurred had Valens not undertaken his persecutions and above all had he not been dishonored in the manner of his death.
Curtiss Paul DeYoung
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195152159
- eISBN:
- 9780199849659
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152159.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Howard Thurman, who played a significant role in racial reconciliation in the United States during the period between the 1940s and the 1970s, was included in the group of African American religious ...
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Howard Thurman, who played a significant role in racial reconciliation in the United States during the period between the 1940s and the 1970s, was included in the group of African American religious leaders who journeyed to India for a pilgrimage in 1935. One of the most important highlights of this trip involved a conversation with Mohandas Gandhi regarding race relations in the United States and how even in the church, the color bar still had influence and power. Thurman then realized that the color bar was honored in the Christian religion. This chapter explores some of the efforts and experimentations made to integrate gradually racial reconciliation and multiracial congregations, with Howard Thurman's insights being used as a starting point.Less
Howard Thurman, who played a significant role in racial reconciliation in the United States during the period between the 1940s and the 1970s, was included in the group of African American religious leaders who journeyed to India for a pilgrimage in 1935. One of the most important highlights of this trip involved a conversation with Mohandas Gandhi regarding race relations in the United States and how even in the church, the color bar still had influence and power. Thurman then realized that the color bar was honored in the Christian religion. This chapter explores some of the efforts and experimentations made to integrate gradually racial reconciliation and multiracial congregations, with Howard Thurman's insights being used as a starting point.
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780856688546
- eISBN:
- 9781800343016
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9780856688546.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This edition of St. Augustine's The City of God (De Civitate Dei) is the only one in English to provide a text and translation as well as a detailed commentary of this most influential document in ...
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This edition of St. Augustine's The City of God (De Civitate Dei) is the only one in English to provide a text and translation as well as a detailed commentary of this most influential document in the history of western Christianity. In these books, written in the aftermath of the sack of Rome in AD 410 by the Goths, Augustine replies to the pagans, who attributed the fall of Rome to the Christian religion and its prohibition of the worship of the pagan gods. Before his conversion to Christianity in 386, Augustine had devoted himself to the study of Platonism. In books VIII and IX of De Civitate Dei, Augustine renews his acquaintance with this philosophy, which had played such a fundamental role in his conversion. The main topic of these books is demonology, with Augustine using the De Deo Socratis of Apuleius, which places demons as the intermediaries between gods and men, as the foundation of his exploration into this theme. Augustine is keen to point out the similarities between Platonism and Christianity and therefore puts forward the theory that the ideal mediator between God and man is Christ — he who shares temporary mortality with humans and permanent blessedness with God and can therefore lead men from wretchedness to eternal bliss. The volume presents Latin text with facing-page English translation, introduction and commentary.Less
This edition of St. Augustine's The City of God (De Civitate Dei) is the only one in English to provide a text and translation as well as a detailed commentary of this most influential document in the history of western Christianity. In these books, written in the aftermath of the sack of Rome in AD 410 by the Goths, Augustine replies to the pagans, who attributed the fall of Rome to the Christian religion and its prohibition of the worship of the pagan gods. Before his conversion to Christianity in 386, Augustine had devoted himself to the study of Platonism. In books VIII and IX of De Civitate Dei, Augustine renews his acquaintance with this philosophy, which had played such a fundamental role in his conversion. The main topic of these books is demonology, with Augustine using the De Deo Socratis of Apuleius, which places demons as the intermediaries between gods and men, as the foundation of his exploration into this theme. Augustine is keen to point out the similarities between Platonism and Christianity and therefore puts forward the theory that the ideal mediator between God and man is Christ — he who shares temporary mortality with humans and permanent blessedness with God and can therefore lead men from wretchedness to eternal bliss. The volume presents Latin text with facing-page English translation, introduction and commentary.
Gavin D’Costa
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190625795
- eISBN:
- 9780190625832
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625795.003.0017
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Vatican II’s Declaration on the Relationship of the Church to Non-Christian Religions, Nostra Aetate, marks a key shift in the Church’s pastoral approach to the non-Christian religions, one that has ...
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Vatican II’s Declaration on the Relationship of the Church to Non-Christian Religions, Nostra Aetate, marks a key shift in the Church’s pastoral approach to the non-Christian religions, one that has raised numerous doctrinal debates on the status of these religions. Proceeding in three parts, this essay first examines the text of NA, read together with Lumen Gentium 14–16, in light of a key doctrinal question often raised by these texts: what is the salvific status of the non-Christian religions? Granted salvation occurs outside the bounds of the visible Church, does this occur through or despite these religions? Second, the essay hones in on the discussion surrounding NA’s teaching on the Jewish people, with a particular focus on the question of the status of their covenant, as too the sensitive question of mission to the Jews. Third and finally, this essay discusses NA’s teaching on Islam, the Qu’ran, and Muhammad.Less
Vatican II’s Declaration on the Relationship of the Church to Non-Christian Religions, Nostra Aetate, marks a key shift in the Church’s pastoral approach to the non-Christian religions, one that has raised numerous doctrinal debates on the status of these religions. Proceeding in three parts, this essay first examines the text of NA, read together with Lumen Gentium 14–16, in light of a key doctrinal question often raised by these texts: what is the salvific status of the non-Christian religions? Granted salvation occurs outside the bounds of the visible Church, does this occur through or despite these religions? Second, the essay hones in on the discussion surrounding NA’s teaching on the Jewish people, with a particular focus on the question of the status of their covenant, as too the sensitive question of mission to the Jews. Third and finally, this essay discusses NA’s teaching on Islam, the Qu’ran, and Muhammad.
Gerald R. McDermott and Harold A. Netland
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- June 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199751839
- eISBN:
- 9780199376605
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751839.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Only God knows God fully, and human beings can know God only to the degree that God reveals himself to them. This chapter takes up the question of what that means, especially the question of whether ...
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Only God knows God fully, and human beings can know God only to the degree that God reveals himself to them. This chapter takes up the question of what that means, especially the question of whether there is revelation by the tri-personal God among non-Christian religions. The chapter begins with a definition of revelation, then considers media and modes of revelation, the nature of revelation, and the relation of revelation to the Bible. After touching briefly on what the Bible has to say about knowledge of God outside of Israel, the chapter takes up the question of revelation in the religions.Less
Only God knows God fully, and human beings can know God only to the degree that God reveals himself to them. This chapter takes up the question of what that means, especially the question of whether there is revelation by the tri-personal God among non-Christian religions. The chapter begins with a definition of revelation, then considers media and modes of revelation, the nature of revelation, and the relation of revelation to the Bible. After touching briefly on what the Bible has to say about knowledge of God outside of Israel, the chapter takes up the question of revelation in the religions.
