John Knight
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199698691
- eISBN:
- 9780191739118
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698691.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia, Financial Economics
This chapter discusses some other important consequences of rapid growth. It considers the prospect for China's continued rapid economic growth. It examines the various factors that might slow down ...
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This chapter discusses some other important consequences of rapid growth. It considers the prospect for China's continued rapid economic growth. It examines the various factors that might slow down the growth rate, including whether the current serious macroeconomic imbalances of the Chinese economy are sustainable and whether the social costs and adverse consequences of rapid growth will bring it to an end.Less
This chapter discusses some other important consequences of rapid growth. It considers the prospect for China's continued rapid economic growth. It examines the various factors that might slow down the growth rate, including whether the current serious macroeconomic imbalances of the Chinese economy are sustainable and whether the social costs and adverse consequences of rapid growth will bring it to an end.
Khalid Malik
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198078838
- eISBN:
- 9780199081646
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198078838.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
For analysts China presents a conundrum. It is clear that China has made rapid progress, and the landscape of the world is changing due to China’s unique position. Yet for decades, many have ...
More
For analysts China presents a conundrum. It is clear that China has made rapid progress, and the landscape of the world is changing due to China’s unique position. Yet for decades, many have questioned this phenomenon, showing concern about cooked data, asset bubbles about to burst, and so on. Yet the Chinese economy has kept growing at a blistering pace, 9–10 per cent annually, and more at times, over a span of almost three decades. Analysing the last 30 years of reforms, this book helps us understand the Chinese growth success, the factors that made this possible, and the lessons that can be distilled from this experience for other developing countries. Arguing that the conventional neoclassical explanations are inadequate, the author applies the ’development as transformation’ perspective to provide answers to a wide range of questions: Why has China grown so rapidly over such a long time, and what are the country’s prospects in the future? Will it keep growing? Will it in the next few decades actually overtake the US as the largest economy in the world, as some observers have been forecasting, or will it implode as the many contradictions in the economy and society grind it to a halt? These and many more questions are answered in this indispensable book, based on the author’s personal experience of living and working in China.Less
For analysts China presents a conundrum. It is clear that China has made rapid progress, and the landscape of the world is changing due to China’s unique position. Yet for decades, many have questioned this phenomenon, showing concern about cooked data, asset bubbles about to burst, and so on. Yet the Chinese economy has kept growing at a blistering pace, 9–10 per cent annually, and more at times, over a span of almost three decades. Analysing the last 30 years of reforms, this book helps us understand the Chinese growth success, the factors that made this possible, and the lessons that can be distilled from this experience for other developing countries. Arguing that the conventional neoclassical explanations are inadequate, the author applies the ’development as transformation’ perspective to provide answers to a wide range of questions: Why has China grown so rapidly over such a long time, and what are the country’s prospects in the future? Will it keep growing? Will it in the next few decades actually overtake the US as the largest economy in the world, as some observers have been forecasting, or will it implode as the many contradictions in the economy and society grind it to a halt? These and many more questions are answered in this indispensable book, based on the author’s personal experience of living and working in China.
Man-Houng Lin
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198292715
- eISBN:
- 9780191602580
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198292715.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter argues that the Chinese economy was going through internal disintegration between 1850 and the late 1870s. This was followed by a successful period of integration which lasted until ...
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This chapter argues that the Chinese economy was going through internal disintegration between 1850 and the late 1870s. This was followed by a successful period of integration which lasted until around the end of the Qing era. Then there was a shiftback towards disintegration until 1937, after which war moved the Nationalist government to the interior, splitting areas of China from the Japanese-occupied parts of the littoral region at the same time. Putting the findings of this and the next chapters together, it is possible to see that the period to about 1911 saw the growth of a complex network of interregional commodity flows, involving vast hinterland areas.Less
This chapter argues that the Chinese economy was going through internal disintegration between 1850 and the late 1870s. This was followed by a successful period of integration which lasted until around the end of the Qing era. Then there was a shiftback towards disintegration until 1937, after which war moved the Nationalist government to the interior, splitting areas of China from the Japanese-occupied parts of the littoral region at the same time. Putting the findings of this and the next chapters together, it is possible to see that the period to about 1911 saw the growth of a complex network of interregional commodity flows, involving vast hinterland areas.
Khalid Malik
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198078838
- eISBN:
- 9780199081646
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198078838.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
China has outwitted the other East Asian economies in terms of sustained high growth rates. This chapter looks into the question of whether China would continue to defy the laws of economic gravity ...
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China has outwitted the other East Asian economies in terms of sustained high growth rates. This chapter looks into the question of whether China would continue to defy the laws of economic gravity and prosper in the future as well. The varied projections made in this regard are elucidated and discussed. This question is addressed by the author taking a broader perspective. Certain continuing drivers of growth, production efficiencies, and urbanization have the potential to sustain the growth process. But the Chinese economy is getting more complex and integrated into the global trade and financial systems. This would pose certain impending challenges like sustainability, social cohesion, demography, and macro policies peculiar to the Chinese economy, which need to be looked into in the near future. These challenges and the possible solutions to them are elucidated in this final chapter.Less
China has outwitted the other East Asian economies in terms of sustained high growth rates. This chapter looks into the question of whether China would continue to defy the laws of economic gravity and prosper in the future as well. The varied projections made in this regard are elucidated and discussed. This question is addressed by the author taking a broader perspective. Certain continuing drivers of growth, production efficiencies, and urbanization have the potential to sustain the growth process. But the Chinese economy is getting more complex and integrated into the global trade and financial systems. This would pose certain impending challenges like sustainability, social cohesion, demography, and macro policies peculiar to the Chinese economy, which need to be looked into in the near future. These challenges and the possible solutions to them are elucidated in this final chapter.
Rosemary Foot
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292920
- eISBN:
- 9780191599286
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292929.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This is the last of four chapters focusing on America’s perceptions of China’s capabilities, and dwelling on the correspondence between those perceptions and the projected consequences. It focuses on ...
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This is the last of four chapters focusing on America’s perceptions of China’s capabilities, and dwelling on the correspondence between those perceptions and the projected consequences. It focuses on US perceptions of the political economy of China from the 1950s to 1978 and its perceived consequences for China’s capabilities both internally and as a political and economic model for other developing countries. Although the decline in Beijing’s hard and soft power resources did not follow a linear trajectory, the apparent overall weaknesses of its economy eased America’s fears about the Third World impact of its politico-economic model, and also reduced concerns that any contact between Washington and Beijing would raise the prestige of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to the point where its path to development would be revived as a serious source of inspiration in large parts of the developing world. The chapter dwells primarily on China’s perceived soft power attributes. The different sections look at domestic order and advancement in China in the 1950s, the Chinese model under stress from 1959 to 1965, the impact of the early Cultural Revolution in the second half of the 1960s, and restabilization and re-emergence in 1969–78.Less
This is the last of four chapters focusing on America’s perceptions of China’s capabilities, and dwelling on the correspondence between those perceptions and the projected consequences. It focuses on US perceptions of the political economy of China from the 1950s to 1978 and its perceived consequences for China’s capabilities both internally and as a political and economic model for other developing countries. Although the decline in Beijing’s hard and soft power resources did not follow a linear trajectory, the apparent overall weaknesses of its economy eased America’s fears about the Third World impact of its politico-economic model, and also reduced concerns that any contact between Washington and Beijing would raise the prestige of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to the point where its path to development would be revived as a serious source of inspiration in large parts of the developing world. The chapter dwells primarily on China’s perceived soft power attributes. The different sections look at domestic order and advancement in China in the 1950s, the Chinese model under stress from 1959 to 1965, the impact of the early Cultural Revolution in the second half of the 1960s, and restabilization and re-emergence in 1969–78.
Rosemary Foot
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297765
- eISBN:
- 9780191599279
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297769.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The first 18 months after the Tiananmen bloodshed marked the height of global criticism of China's human rights record, but the years 1992–1995 quickly gave some indication of the difficulties that ...
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The first 18 months after the Tiananmen bloodshed marked the height of global criticism of China's human rights record, but the years 1992–1995 quickly gave some indication of the difficulties that would be faced by those who wished to move China beyond tactical concessions towards genuine acceptance of the validity of some of the core human rights norms. Major Western states, together with Japan, continued to reduce the bilateral pressure, for economic and strategic reasons, and China's recapturing of its high economic growth rates from 1992 enhanced its ability to pose policy dilemmas for those interested in competing in the Chinese market, as well as for far weaker countries that were poised to benefit from China's economic dealings with them. The Beijing leadership, which was plainly on the defensive with respect to its international interlocutors on human rights, decided to renew its efforts to regain the initiative. China's 1991 White Paper, which signalled limited engagement in the human rights discourse, was a major first stage in that strategy, providing China with an authoritative text upon which to draw in response to international criticisms. Beijing, however, went further and tried to link up with other governments in East Asia in the exploitation of a common dislike of Western triumphalism, and a common commitment to ‘Asian values’, questioning the universal application of democracy and human rights. The Chinese leadership began to launch more extensive, direct attacks on Western countries and on the major international NGOs. Nevertheless, the relative density of the human rights regime ensured that some constraints still operated on China's international diplomacy, and as the major states’ sanctions policies weakened, governments tended to make greater use of such multilateral institutions as the UN. The different sections of the chapter are: The Uses of the 1991 White Paper; Relativism versus Universalism —in democracy and human rights; The Economic Weight of China; The Rootedness of Human Rights Policy; The UN Commission on Human Rights; China and the Thematic Mechanisms — the work of the UN Special Rapporteurs and the new 1995 Chinese White Paper; and Conclusion.Less
The first 18 months after the Tiananmen bloodshed marked the height of global criticism of China's human rights record, but the years 1992–1995 quickly gave some indication of the difficulties that would be faced by those who wished to move China beyond tactical concessions towards genuine acceptance of the validity of some of the core human rights norms. Major Western states, together with Japan, continued to reduce the bilateral pressure, for economic and strategic reasons, and China's recapturing of its high economic growth rates from 1992 enhanced its ability to pose policy dilemmas for those interested in competing in the Chinese market, as well as for far weaker countries that were poised to benefit from China's economic dealings with them. The Beijing leadership, which was plainly on the defensive with respect to its international interlocutors on human rights, decided to renew its efforts to regain the initiative. China's 1991 White Paper, which signalled limited engagement in the human rights discourse, was a major first stage in that strategy, providing China with an authoritative text upon which to draw in response to international criticisms. Beijing, however, went further and tried to link up with other governments in East Asia in the exploitation of a common dislike of Western triumphalism, and a common commitment to ‘Asian values’, questioning the universal application of democracy and human rights. The Chinese leadership began to launch more extensive, direct attacks on Western countries and on the major international NGOs. Nevertheless, the relative density of the human rights regime ensured that some constraints still operated on China's international diplomacy, and as the major states’ sanctions policies weakened, governments tended to make greater use of such multilateral institutions as the UN. The different sections of the chapter are: The Uses of the 1991 White Paper; Relativism versus Universalism —in democracy and human rights; The Economic Weight of China; The Rootedness of Human Rights Policy; The UN Commission on Human Rights; China and the Thematic Mechanisms — the work of the UN Special Rapporteurs and the new 1995 Chinese White Paper; and Conclusion.
Claude Meyer
- Published in print:
- 1953
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479889389
- eISBN:
- 9781479830893
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479889389.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
The troubled history of Sino-Japanese relations affects contemporary ties as the two nations vie for regional leadership. This chapters holds that the contest is still open—many experts have declared ...
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The troubled history of Sino-Japanese relations affects contemporary ties as the two nations vie for regional leadership. This chapters holds that the contest is still open—many experts have declared China the winner—first electoral loss in its entire and the rivalry will not result in a military confrontation because of economic interdependence. If China dominates the Asian Community when Asia is preeminent in global economic growth about 2030, Japan will become a large Asian Switzerland.Less
The troubled history of Sino-Japanese relations affects contemporary ties as the two nations vie for regional leadership. This chapters holds that the contest is still open—many experts have declared China the winner—first electoral loss in its entire and the rivalry will not result in a military confrontation because of economic interdependence. If China dominates the Asian Community when Asia is preeminent in global economic growth about 2030, Japan will become a large Asian Switzerland.
C. M. Turnbull
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205661
- eISBN:
- 9780191676741
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205661.003.0025
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
By the early 20th century, an impressive body of Western-language sources was available to historians concerned with Britain’s involvement in East Asia. The explosion of Chinese nationalism in the ...
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By the early 20th century, an impressive body of Western-language sources was available to historians concerned with Britain’s involvement in East Asia. The explosion of Chinese nationalism in the 1920s and Chinese demands to end the foreign privilege system attracted growing public and scholarly interest in the West. The more conciliatory relationship between the British government and Chiang Kai-shek’s Kuomintang administration in the 1930s stimulated interest among some British historians. The expansion of higher education in the developed world after the Second World War bred a new generation of professional academic historians, eager to explore fresh approaches to the study of history. There was considerable discussion about whether the Chinese economy profited or suffered from foreign attempts at modernization. The historiography of British imperialism in the Far East stands at a crossroads, with a number of contrary paths beckoning. A new generation may dismiss British imperialism as a short, if at times traumatic, interlude in the long history of an ancient country.Less
By the early 20th century, an impressive body of Western-language sources was available to historians concerned with Britain’s involvement in East Asia. The explosion of Chinese nationalism in the 1920s and Chinese demands to end the foreign privilege system attracted growing public and scholarly interest in the West. The more conciliatory relationship between the British government and Chiang Kai-shek’s Kuomintang administration in the 1930s stimulated interest among some British historians. The expansion of higher education in the developed world after the Second World War bred a new generation of professional academic historians, eager to explore fresh approaches to the study of history. There was considerable discussion about whether the Chinese economy profited or suffered from foreign attempts at modernization. The historiography of British imperialism in the Far East stands at a crossroads, with a number of contrary paths beckoning. A new generation may dismiss British imperialism as a short, if at times traumatic, interlude in the long history of an ancient country.
John Knight and Sai Ding
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199698691
- eISBN:
- 9780191739118
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698691.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia, Financial Economics
How has the Chinese economy managed to grow at such a remarkable rate — no less than ten per cent per annum — for over three decades? This book combines economic theory, empirical estimation, and ...
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How has the Chinese economy managed to grow at such a remarkable rate — no less than ten per cent per annum — for over three decades? This book combines economic theory, empirical estimation, and institutional analysis to address one of the most important questions facing contemporary economists. A common thread that runs throughout the book is the underlying political economy: why China became a ‘developmental state’, and how it has maintained itself as a ‘developmental state’. The book examines the causal processes at work in the evolution of China's institutions and policies. It estimates cross-country and cross-province growth equations to shed light on the proximate, and some of the underlying, determinants of the growth rate. It explores important consequences of China's growth, posing a series of key questions, such as: Is the economy running out of unskilled labour? Why and how has inequality risen; has economic growth raised happiness? What are the social costs of the overriding priority accorded to growth objectives? Can China continue to grow rapidly, or will the maturing economy, or the macroeconomic imbalances, or financial crisis, or social instability, bring it to an end?Less
How has the Chinese economy managed to grow at such a remarkable rate — no less than ten per cent per annum — for over three decades? This book combines economic theory, empirical estimation, and institutional analysis to address one of the most important questions facing contemporary economists. A common thread that runs throughout the book is the underlying political economy: why China became a ‘developmental state’, and how it has maintained itself as a ‘developmental state’. The book examines the causal processes at work in the evolution of China's institutions and policies. It estimates cross-country and cross-province growth equations to shed light on the proximate, and some of the underlying, determinants of the growth rate. It explores important consequences of China's growth, posing a series of key questions, such as: Is the economy running out of unskilled labour? Why and how has inequality risen; has economic growth raised happiness? What are the social costs of the overriding priority accorded to growth objectives? Can China continue to grow rapidly, or will the maturing economy, or the macroeconomic imbalances, or financial crisis, or social instability, bring it to an end?
Daniel W. Drezner
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781501709180
- eISBN:
- 9781501712777
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501709180.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Asian Politics
This chapter analyzes the impact of the rise of the Chinese economy on the international economic structure. While looking at the rapid growth of the Chinese economy, analysis reveals that China has ...
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This chapter analyzes the impact of the rise of the Chinese economy on the international economic structure. While looking at the rapid growth of the Chinese economy, analysis reveals that China has yet to challenge the United States as the anchor of the global financial system: the renminbi remains negligible in international financial transactions. Indeed, since the 2007–8 global financial crisis, the U.S. dollar has expanded its importance relative to the renminbi in global finance. The chapter suggests that the renminbi is far from becoming a significant international reserve currency and that the United States will continue to dominate the regional financial order. In trade relations, however, the chapter establishes the significant importance of the Chinese market for economies throughout East Asia.Less
This chapter analyzes the impact of the rise of the Chinese economy on the international economic structure. While looking at the rapid growth of the Chinese economy, analysis reveals that China has yet to challenge the United States as the anchor of the global financial system: the renminbi remains negligible in international financial transactions. Indeed, since the 2007–8 global financial crisis, the U.S. dollar has expanded its importance relative to the renminbi in global finance. The chapter suggests that the renminbi is far from becoming a significant international reserve currency and that the United States will continue to dominate the regional financial order. In trade relations, however, the chapter establishes the significant importance of the Chinese market for economies throughout East Asia.
Bin Zhang and Yongding Yu
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199660957
- eISBN:
- 9780191748981
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199660957.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics, South and East Asia
As of the second half of 2008, the economy of the People's Republic of China (PRC) experienced dramatic fluctuations. The global financial crisis, together with a cyclical downward adjustment that ...
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As of the second half of 2008, the economy of the People's Republic of China (PRC) experienced dramatic fluctuations. The global financial crisis, together with a cyclical downward adjustment that started at the end of 2007, resulted in extreme reduction in inventories and production during the fourth quarter of 2008. The magnitude of the slowdown in the real economy was much greater than most economists had expected. The government quickly adopted a number of stimulus policies to avoid further slowdown of the real economy. The chapter reviews the impacts of global financial crisis on the Chinese economy. Then, it discusses key policy measures the PRC government had adopted to deal with the crisis and their results. Finally, it identifies some issues that the PRC's government must pay greater attention to sustain its growth momentum.Less
As of the second half of 2008, the economy of the People's Republic of China (PRC) experienced dramatic fluctuations. The global financial crisis, together with a cyclical downward adjustment that started at the end of 2007, resulted in extreme reduction in inventories and production during the fourth quarter of 2008. The magnitude of the slowdown in the real economy was much greater than most economists had expected. The government quickly adopted a number of stimulus policies to avoid further slowdown of the real economy. The chapter reviews the impacts of global financial crisis on the Chinese economy. Then, it discusses key policy measures the PRC government had adopted to deal with the crisis and their results. Finally, it identifies some issues that the PRC's government must pay greater attention to sustain its growth momentum.
David Faure
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622097834
- eISBN:
- 9789882206694
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622097834.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter discusses why the Chinese economy lagged behind in the nineteenth century. One of the major reasons was China's difficulty in acquiring steam technology due to its state of traditional ...
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This chapter discusses why the Chinese economy lagged behind in the nineteenth century. One of the major reasons was China's difficulty in acquiring steam technology due to its state of traditional technology and nineteenth-century politics. China did learn about steam engines, but too little and too late. By the 1880s, breath-taking advances were coming on in the science of stream in Western technology: the Second Industrial Revolution was supported by research in the laboratory and it was sustained by mathematics. In 1800, China might have acquired some of the industrial advances of the West with the minimum change to the traditional curriculum, but to do so in the 1880s meant reforming school education to put a premium on a new mathematics and the forever elusive superiority of Western technology. China was doomed, therefore by the impossibility of timing.Less
This chapter discusses why the Chinese economy lagged behind in the nineteenth century. One of the major reasons was China's difficulty in acquiring steam technology due to its state of traditional technology and nineteenth-century politics. China did learn about steam engines, but too little and too late. By the 1880s, breath-taking advances were coming on in the science of stream in Western technology: the Second Industrial Revolution was supported by research in the laboratory and it was sustained by mathematics. In 1800, China might have acquired some of the industrial advances of the West with the minimum change to the traditional curriculum, but to do so in the 1880s meant reforming school education to put a premium on a new mathematics and the forever elusive superiority of Western technology. China was doomed, therefore by the impossibility of timing.
David Faure
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622097834
- eISBN:
- 9789882206694
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622097834.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This book outlines the history of Chinese business and argues that business practices in China have been shaped by broader trends in the evolution of the Chinese state and society since 1500. It ...
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This book outlines the history of Chinese business and argues that business practices in China have been shaped by broader trends in the evolution of the Chinese state and society since 1500. It discusses three changes that provided the backbone of long-lasting development in the late imperial state of the Ming (1368–1644) and the Qing (1644–1911) dynasties. Firstly, the Chinese economy was increasingly monetarized from the sixteenth century onwards as silver was imported into China in large quantities from abroad in return for Chinese exports. Secondly, the recruitment of a bureaucracy by examination was consistently applied from the early Ming into the last years of the Qing dynasty, and it created a class of administrators who prided themselves on their scholarship. Thirdly, the scholar-official class from the 1500s saw their political interests vested in the maintenance of ritual order which assigned all members of the state, including the emperor, rights and responsibilities.Less
This book outlines the history of Chinese business and argues that business practices in China have been shaped by broader trends in the evolution of the Chinese state and society since 1500. It discusses three changes that provided the backbone of long-lasting development in the late imperial state of the Ming (1368–1644) and the Qing (1644–1911) dynasties. Firstly, the Chinese economy was increasingly monetarized from the sixteenth century onwards as silver was imported into China in large quantities from abroad in return for Chinese exports. Secondly, the recruitment of a bureaucracy by examination was consistently applied from the early Ming into the last years of the Qing dynasty, and it created a class of administrators who prided themselves on their scholarship. Thirdly, the scholar-official class from the 1500s saw their political interests vested in the maintenance of ritual order which assigned all members of the state, including the emperor, rights and responsibilities.
Gordon Redding and Michael A. Witt
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199575879
- eISBN:
- 9780191702204
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199575879.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business, Political Economy
Much has been said about the re-emergence of China to its historical position of eminence in the world economy, yet little is understood about the kind of economic system China is evolving. What are ...
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Much has been said about the re-emergence of China to its historical position of eminence in the world economy, yet little is understood about the kind of economic system China is evolving. What are the rules of the game of business in today's China, and how are they likely to change over the next decades? This book sheds much-needed light on these questions. Building on recent conceptual and empirical advances, and rich in concrete examples, it offers a comprehensive and systematic exploration of present-day Chinese capitalism, its component parts, and their interdependencies. It suggests that Chinese capitalism, as practiced today, in many respects represents a development from traditional business practices, whose revival has been greatly aided by the influx of investments and managerial talent from the Regional Ethnic Chinese. On the basis of present trends in the Chinese economy as well as through comparison with five major types of capitalism — those of France, Germany, Japan, Korea, and the United States — the book derives a prediction of the probable development paths of Chinese capitalism and its likely competitive strengths and weaknesses.Less
Much has been said about the re-emergence of China to its historical position of eminence in the world economy, yet little is understood about the kind of economic system China is evolving. What are the rules of the game of business in today's China, and how are they likely to change over the next decades? This book sheds much-needed light on these questions. Building on recent conceptual and empirical advances, and rich in concrete examples, it offers a comprehensive and systematic exploration of present-day Chinese capitalism, its component parts, and their interdependencies. It suggests that Chinese capitalism, as practiced today, in many respects represents a development from traditional business practices, whose revival has been greatly aided by the influx of investments and managerial talent from the Regional Ethnic Chinese. On the basis of present trends in the Chinese economy as well as through comparison with five major types of capitalism — those of France, Germany, Japan, Korea, and the United States — the book derives a prediction of the probable development paths of Chinese capitalism and its likely competitive strengths and weaknesses.
Jing Nie
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622090866
- eISBN:
- 9789882206724
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622090866.003.0011
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter relates Henri Lefebvre's space theory to contemporary Chinese economy and urban landscape, and then examines the manifestations of space as represented in four Chinese films: Shower ...
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This chapter relates Henri Lefebvre's space theory to contemporary Chinese economy and urban landscape, and then examines the manifestations of space as represented in four Chinese films: Shower (1999), Beijing Bicycle (2001), The World (2004), and Cell Phone (2004). These films represent the cityscape as fraught with trauma and displacement, and haunted by ghosts of both the past and the future.Less
This chapter relates Henri Lefebvre's space theory to contemporary Chinese economy and urban landscape, and then examines the manifestations of space as represented in four Chinese films: Shower (1999), Beijing Bicycle (2001), The World (2004), and Cell Phone (2004). These films represent the cityscape as fraught with trauma and displacement, and haunted by ghosts of both the past and the future.
David Faure
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622097834
- eISBN:
- 9789882206694
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622097834.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter describes how business was conducted under the late imperial regime. It also considers China's encounter with capitalism, focusing on the history of the application of the institutions ...
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This chapter describes how business was conducted under the late imperial regime. It also considers China's encounter with capitalism, focusing on the history of the application of the institutions which enabled capital to impact on the economy. It also explains how China diverged from the West, why the Chinese economy was so successful in the eighteenth century, and why it suffered so greatly in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.Less
This chapter describes how business was conducted under the late imperial regime. It also considers China's encounter with capitalism, focusing on the history of the application of the institutions which enabled capital to impact on the economy. It also explains how China diverged from the West, why the Chinese economy was so successful in the eighteenth century, and why it suffered so greatly in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Frank Dikötter
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099203
- eISBN:
- 9789882206595
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099203.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter highlights how economic activities were relatively unhindered in comparison to those closely monitored under imperial and communist regimes. ...
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This chapter highlights how economic activities were relatively unhindered in comparison to those closely monitored under imperial and communist regimes. Technological transfers were greatly facilitated by an open society at all levels, whether local workmen building truck bodies to fit imported engines in Beijing or the engineers instructed by Belgian specialists at a cloth-making industry established in distant Lanzhou even before the fall of the empire. The economy was not “stagnant” or “regressing” from 1870 to 1930, but steadily growing and thriving, even in the countryside. It particularly pays attention to the first half of the twentieth century, and a number of important changes did occur to open up the movement of goods. With the legal and institutional changes in mind, it is not surprising that the economy boomed in the first decades of the twentieth century. While movement by cart or boat in China around 1900 generally proceeded at a walking pace, a revolution in transportation in the following decades meant that people across the social spectrum could move faster, further, and cheaper than ever before.Less
This chapter highlights how economic activities were relatively unhindered in comparison to those closely monitored under imperial and communist regimes. Technological transfers were greatly facilitated by an open society at all levels, whether local workmen building truck bodies to fit imported engines in Beijing or the engineers instructed by Belgian specialists at a cloth-making industry established in distant Lanzhou even before the fall of the empire. The economy was not “stagnant” or “regressing” from 1870 to 1930, but steadily growing and thriving, even in the countryside. It particularly pays attention to the first half of the twentieth century, and a number of important changes did occur to open up the movement of goods. With the legal and institutional changes in mind, it is not surprising that the economy boomed in the first decades of the twentieth century. While movement by cart or boat in China around 1900 generally proceeded at a walking pace, a revolution in transportation in the following decades meant that people across the social spectrum could move faster, further, and cheaper than ever before.
Joseph P. H. Fan, Randall Morck, and Bernard Yeung
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226237244
- eISBN:
- 9780226237268
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226237268.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to examine the accumulation, distribution, and governance of capital in China, and then provides an overview of the subsequent chapters, ...
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This chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to examine the accumulation, distribution, and governance of capital in China, and then provides an overview of the subsequent chapters, demonstrating the interconnections between their findings. These interconnections are illustrated by placing the various chapters in the context of broader research on China, especially recent research into public and private sector governance. Once these interconnections become clear, the chapters coalesce into a comprehensive picture of the uniquely Chinese institutions that characterize its market socialism, and present a picture of the inner workings of the world's soon-to-be largest economy.Less
This chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to examine the accumulation, distribution, and governance of capital in China, and then provides an overview of the subsequent chapters, demonstrating the interconnections between their findings. These interconnections are illustrated by placing the various chapters in the context of broader research on China, especially recent research into public and private sector governance. Once these interconnections become clear, the chapters coalesce into a comprehensive picture of the uniquely Chinese institutions that characterize its market socialism, and present a picture of the inner workings of the world's soon-to-be largest economy.
James Reilly
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781501709180
- eISBN:
- 9781501712777
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501709180.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Asian Politics
This chapter examines the contribution of Sino-Japanese economic interdependence on China's moderation of the role of mass nationalism on its policymaking. It contends that the importance to China of ...
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This chapter examines the contribution of Sino-Japanese economic interdependence on China's moderation of the role of mass nationalism on its policymaking. It contends that the importance to China of stable Sino-Japanese economic cooperation has compelled Chinese leaders to repress periodic mass outbursts of anti-Japanese nationalism before they could harm Sino-Japanese economic cooperation. But the rise of the Chinese economy vis-à-vis Japan, and Beijing's corresponding understanding that Japanese dependence on the Chinese economy has superseded Sino-Japanese interdependence, have weakened the constraints of economic interests on China's Japan policy. The rise of the Chinese economy has eroded the contribution of economic interdependence to stable Sino-Japanese relations, suggesting a long-term trend of greater nationalist content in China's Japan policy.Less
This chapter examines the contribution of Sino-Japanese economic interdependence on China's moderation of the role of mass nationalism on its policymaking. It contends that the importance to China of stable Sino-Japanese economic cooperation has compelled Chinese leaders to repress periodic mass outbursts of anti-Japanese nationalism before they could harm Sino-Japanese economic cooperation. But the rise of the Chinese economy vis-à-vis Japan, and Beijing's corresponding understanding that Japanese dependence on the Chinese economy has superseded Sino-Japanese interdependence, have weakened the constraints of economic interests on China's Japan policy. The rise of the Chinese economy has eroded the contribution of economic interdependence to stable Sino-Japanese relations, suggesting a long-term trend of greater nationalist content in China's Japan policy.
Gregor Benton and Hong Liu
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780520298415
- eISBN:
- 9780520970540
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520298415.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines the contributions remittances made to Chinese economic development in general and to the qiaoxiang in particular. It considers the role played by the Chinese state and ...
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This chapter examines the contributions remittances made to Chinese economic development in general and to the qiaoxiang in particular. It considers the role played by the Chinese state and state-associated organizations in setting policies and guidelines for the qiaopi trade. The Chinese state sought to destroy or assimilate premodern postal services like the qiaopi system and to assert the authority of the post office over them. The state’s striving for a monopoly of postal services and its commitment to universal-service obligations brought it into conflict with existing postal services, including the qiaopi trade. The chapter reaches three main conclusions. First, the qiaopi trade played a key role in China’s economic modernization in Guangdong and Fujian and even to China’s survival as an independent nation-state. Second, in the course of interacting with and participating in China’s domestic economy and body politic, the agents and institutions that underlay the qiaopi trade underwent tremendous changes. Third, the nation-states’ growing power and influence over the qiaopi trade (and its agents) finally led to the trade’s demise in the late 1970s.Less
This chapter examines the contributions remittances made to Chinese economic development in general and to the qiaoxiang in particular. It considers the role played by the Chinese state and state-associated organizations in setting policies and guidelines for the qiaopi trade. The Chinese state sought to destroy or assimilate premodern postal services like the qiaopi system and to assert the authority of the post office over them. The state’s striving for a monopoly of postal services and its commitment to universal-service obligations brought it into conflict with existing postal services, including the qiaopi trade. The chapter reaches three main conclusions. First, the qiaopi trade played a key role in China’s economic modernization in Guangdong and Fujian and even to China’s survival as an independent nation-state. Second, in the course of interacting with and participating in China’s domestic economy and body politic, the agents and institutions that underlay the qiaopi trade underwent tremendous changes. Third, the nation-states’ growing power and influence over the qiaopi trade (and its agents) finally led to the trade’s demise in the late 1970s.
