Daniel Mendelsohn
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199249565
- eISBN:
- 9780191719356
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249565.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Plays and Playwrights: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This book is a study of Euripides' so-called ‘political plays’ (Children of Herakles and Suppliant Women). Still disdained as the anomalously patriotic or propagandistic works of a playwright ...
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This book is a study of Euripides' so-called ‘political plays’ (Children of Herakles and Suppliant Women). Still disdained as the anomalously patriotic or propagandistic works of a playwright elsewhere famous for his subversive, ironic, artistic ethos, the two works in question — notorious for their uncomfortable juxtaposition of political speeches and scenes of extreme feminine emotion — continue to be dismissed by scholars of tragedy as artistic failures unworthy of the author of Medea, Hippolytus, and Bacchae. This study makes use of recent insights into classical Greek conceptions of gender (in real life and on stage) and Athenian notions of civic identity to demonstrate that the political plays are, in fact, intellectually subtle and structurally coherent exercises in political theorizing — works that use complex interactions between female and male characters to explore the advantages, and costs, of being a member of the polis.Less
This book is a study of Euripides' so-called ‘political plays’ (Children of Herakles and Suppliant Women). Still disdained as the anomalously patriotic or propagandistic works of a playwright elsewhere famous for his subversive, ironic, artistic ethos, the two works in question — notorious for their uncomfortable juxtaposition of political speeches and scenes of extreme feminine emotion — continue to be dismissed by scholars of tragedy as artistic failures unworthy of the author of Medea, Hippolytus, and Bacchae. This study makes use of recent insights into classical Greek conceptions of gender (in real life and on stage) and Athenian notions of civic identity to demonstrate that the political plays are, in fact, intellectually subtle and structurally coherent exercises in political theorizing — works that use complex interactions between female and male characters to explore the advantages, and costs, of being a member of the polis.
Marina Umaschi Bers
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199757022
- eISBN:
- 9780199933037
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199757022.003.0013
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter discusses the procedure for implementing effective programs and policies in regards to technological content. Safety has long been the primary concern of policymakers in terms of ...
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This chapter discusses the procedure for implementing effective programs and policies in regards to technological content. Safety has long been the primary concern of policymakers in terms of children on the internet, for good reason. Unfortunately, it is impossible to eliminate all of the risks associated with children going online, just like it is impossible to guarantee a child’s safety at the playground. It is vital that children and guardians continue to discuss appropriate conduct when online, setting clear, consistent rules. When children and adults are active participants in the creation of policy, their online experiences can be more meaningful.Less
This chapter discusses the procedure for implementing effective programs and policies in regards to technological content. Safety has long been the primary concern of policymakers in terms of children on the internet, for good reason. Unfortunately, it is impossible to eliminate all of the risks associated with children going online, just like it is impossible to guarantee a child’s safety at the playground. It is vital that children and guardians continue to discuss appropriate conduct when online, setting clear, consistent rules. When children and adults are active participants in the creation of policy, their online experiences can be more meaningful.
Simon Morrison
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195181678
- eISBN:
- 9780199870806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181678.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter chronicles Prokofiev's relocation to Moscow in the spring of 1936, his reaction to the denunciation of Shostakovich in Pravda; the composition of the ballet Romeo and Juliet and the ...
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This chapter chronicles Prokofiev's relocation to Moscow in the spring of 1936, his reaction to the denunciation of Shostakovich in Pravda; the composition of the ballet Romeo and Juliet and the Cantata for the Twentieth Anniversary of October; the censorship of those two works, and Prokofiev's service as a cultural representative for the Soviet regime during his last two trips abroad. The chapter addresses his collaborations with the director Sergey Radlov (who conceived a happy ending for Romeo and Juliet) and Nataliya Sats (who commissioned Peter and the Wolf for the Moscow Children's Theater), his fraught relationship with the Chairman of the Committee on Arts Affairs Platon Kerzhentsev, and his speeches at the Union of Soviet Composers. The description of his last trip to the United States corrects inaccuracies in the historical record concerning his interest in Hollywood film composition. Prokofiev was monitored throughout the trip by Soviet officials working for the VOKS organization and the Embassies in London and Washington.Less
This chapter chronicles Prokofiev's relocation to Moscow in the spring of 1936, his reaction to the denunciation of Shostakovich in Pravda; the composition of the ballet Romeo and Juliet and the Cantata for the Twentieth Anniversary of October; the censorship of those two works, and Prokofiev's service as a cultural representative for the Soviet regime during his last two trips abroad. The chapter addresses his collaborations with the director Sergey Radlov (who conceived a happy ending for Romeo and Juliet) and Nataliya Sats (who commissioned Peter and the Wolf for the Moscow Children's Theater), his fraught relationship with the Chairman of the Committee on Arts Affairs Platon Kerzhentsev, and his speeches at the Union of Soviet Composers. The description of his last trip to the United States corrects inaccuracies in the historical record concerning his interest in Hollywood film composition. Prokofiev was monitored throughout the trip by Soviet officials working for the VOKS organization and the Embassies in London and Washington.
Suzanne Vromen
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195181289
- eISBN:
- 9780199870752
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181289.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
The chapter opens with lengthy interviews with two non‐Jewish women members of a resistance organization, the Committee for the Defense of Jews (CDJ). These women picked up Jewish children from their ...
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The chapter opens with lengthy interviews with two non‐Jewish women members of a resistance organization, the Committee for the Defense of Jews (CDJ). These women picked up Jewish children from their homes and families and placed them in hiding places throughout the country. Paule Renard, a social worker, and Andrée Geulen, a teacher, describe how they joined the resistance committee and their difficult and heartbreaking assignments. Geulen also emphasizes the important roles of women in the CDJ and the cooperation she received from Church authorities. After the war, Renard kept silent about her war activities, while Geulen remained very involved in the lives of the rescued children and has become an iconic figure of the resistance. Both were named as Righteous Among the Nations, an honor conferred on rescuers of Jews by the State of Israel at the initiative of the rescued. The chapter then discusses the formation of the CDJ as a resistance network organized by Jews for Jews with the cooperation of non‐Jews, especially that of Yvonne Nèvejean, the head of the National Children's Bureau (Oeuvre Nationale de l'Enfance; ONE) overseeing children's homes. After providing a larger picture of the varied resistance networks that developed in Belgium, the chapter concludes that, with a few exceptions such as the CDJ, women resistors were given mainly auxiliary roles and that after the war the resistance movement had little effect on social change.Less
The chapter opens with lengthy interviews with two non‐Jewish women members of a resistance organization, the Committee for the Defense of Jews (CDJ). These women picked up Jewish children from their homes and families and placed them in hiding places throughout the country. Paule Renard, a social worker, and Andrée Geulen, a teacher, describe how they joined the resistance committee and their difficult and heartbreaking assignments. Geulen also emphasizes the important roles of women in the CDJ and the cooperation she received from Church authorities. After the war, Renard kept silent about her war activities, while Geulen remained very involved in the lives of the rescued children and has become an iconic figure of the resistance. Both were named as Righteous Among the Nations, an honor conferred on rescuers of Jews by the State of Israel at the initiative of the rescued. The chapter then discusses the formation of the CDJ as a resistance network organized by Jews for Jews with the cooperation of non‐Jews, especially that of Yvonne Nèvejean, the head of the National Children's Bureau (Oeuvre Nationale de l'Enfance; ONE) overseeing children's homes. After providing a larger picture of the varied resistance networks that developed in Belgium, the chapter concludes that, with a few exceptions such as the CDJ, women resistors were given mainly auxiliary roles and that after the war the resistance movement had little effect on social change.
Duana Fullwiley
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691123165
- eISBN:
- 9781400840410
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691123165.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines how Senegalese French-trained research-physicians in Dakar have adopted similar low-tech strategies and health interventions within the biomedical realm. It focuses on how ...
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This chapter examines how Senegalese French-trained research-physicians in Dakar have adopted similar low-tech strategies and health interventions within the biomedical realm. It focuses on how doctors rationalize economically triaged care, while chronicling their methods for doing so in Dakar's principal sickle cell clinics. These are the pediatric care site at Albert Royer Children's Hospital and the Centre nationale de transfusion sanguine (CNTS), or the National Blood Transfusion Center, where most adult patients are followed. Although physicians often take cues from the social realities that define their patients' lived experiences with this disease, their own clinical limits and technological constraints also inform the alternative assemblages of care they construct.Less
This chapter examines how Senegalese French-trained research-physicians in Dakar have adopted similar low-tech strategies and health interventions within the biomedical realm. It focuses on how doctors rationalize economically triaged care, while chronicling their methods for doing so in Dakar's principal sickle cell clinics. These are the pediatric care site at Albert Royer Children's Hospital and the Centre nationale de transfusion sanguine (CNTS), or the National Blood Transfusion Center, where most adult patients are followed. Although physicians often take cues from the social realities that define their patients' lived experiences with this disease, their own clinical limits and technological constraints also inform the alternative assemblages of care they construct.
James D. Chancellor
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195156829
- eISBN:
- 9780199784806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019515682X.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
The Children of God (COG), now known as the Family, emerged out of the Jesus People Movement as a blend of traditional evangelical Christianity and the 1960s youth counterculture. COG quickly became ...
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The Children of God (COG), now known as the Family, emerged out of the Jesus People Movement as a blend of traditional evangelical Christianity and the 1960s youth counterculture. COG quickly became the most controversial group on the religious landscape. It is historically important in the history of the anticult movement; the first anticult organization was FREECOG (Free the Children of God), and deprogramming developed in response to COG. This essay outlines the history of the movement and its major theological landmarks, with particular emphasis on the substantive changes in the Family since the death of the founding Prophet in 1994.Less
The Children of God (COG), now known as the Family, emerged out of the Jesus People Movement as a blend of traditional evangelical Christianity and the 1960s youth counterculture. COG quickly became the most controversial group on the religious landscape. It is historically important in the history of the anticult movement; the first anticult organization was FREECOG (Free the Children of God), and deprogramming developed in response to COG. This essay outlines the history of the movement and its major theological landmarks, with particular emphasis on the substantive changes in the Family since the death of the founding Prophet in 1994.
Anne-Emanuelle Birn
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265314
- eISBN:
- 9780191760402
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265314.003.0017
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
In 1934 the Uruguayan legislature passed a ‘Children's Code’, perhaps the first national code explicitly to stipulate that ‘every child has a right to know who are his parents’. This chapter explores ...
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In 1934 the Uruguayan legislature passed a ‘Children's Code’, perhaps the first national code explicitly to stipulate that ‘every child has a right to know who are his parents’. This chapter explores the historical context for Uruguay's Children's Code, showing how the late nineteenth-century establishment of civil registration was intertwined with child health monitoring and corresponding public policies and institutions as part of a burgeoning welfare state. It draws out the interaction of these domestic approaches with international debates and practices, demonstrating the role played in these developments by Uruguayan public health's established international reputation, recognized by the League of Nations as the leading Latin American advocate of infant and child health improvement. It also examines how the innovative 1934 code and its associated identity registration features were implemented domestically as an integral part of a fully functioning government child welfare programme, and how Uruguay's approach was diffused internationally.Less
In 1934 the Uruguayan legislature passed a ‘Children's Code’, perhaps the first national code explicitly to stipulate that ‘every child has a right to know who are his parents’. This chapter explores the historical context for Uruguay's Children's Code, showing how the late nineteenth-century establishment of civil registration was intertwined with child health monitoring and corresponding public policies and institutions as part of a burgeoning welfare state. It draws out the interaction of these domestic approaches with international debates and practices, demonstrating the role played in these developments by Uruguayan public health's established international reputation, recognized by the League of Nations as the leading Latin American advocate of infant and child health improvement. It also examines how the innovative 1934 code and its associated identity registration features were implemented domestically as an integral part of a fully functioning government child welfare programme, and how Uruguay's approach was diffused internationally.
Dominique Marshall
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265314
- eISBN:
- 9780191760402
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265314.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
The right of children to be registered at birth was not part of early universal declarations of entitlements for the young adopted in the wake of the First World War. But during the interwar years, ...
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The right of children to be registered at birth was not part of early universal declarations of entitlements for the young adopted in the wake of the First World War. But during the interwar years, the main proponents of these declarations — the Save the Children International Union and the American Child Health Association, headed by philanthropist and future President Herbert Hoover — soon understood that the registration of infants was at the basis of their work, especially that concerned with the reduction of infant mortality. This chapter studies their respective campaigns in Africa and in the United States, respectively, to show how registration came to be understood as a prerequisite for the full promises of children's rights to be realized. It draws surprising parallels between the two efforts, related to the size of the territory and the discrimination faced by children due to their race and their ethnic origins.Less
The right of children to be registered at birth was not part of early universal declarations of entitlements for the young adopted in the wake of the First World War. But during the interwar years, the main proponents of these declarations — the Save the Children International Union and the American Child Health Association, headed by philanthropist and future President Herbert Hoover — soon understood that the registration of infants was at the basis of their work, especially that concerned with the reduction of infant mortality. This chapter studies their respective campaigns in Africa and in the United States, respectively, to show how registration came to be understood as a prerequisite for the full promises of children's rights to be realized. It draws surprising parallels between the two efforts, related to the size of the territory and the discrimination faced by children due to their race and their ethnic origins.
BRIAN STOUT
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195309188
- eISBN:
- 9780199863907
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309188.003.0007
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Residential care for children in South Africa is one of the aspects of social policy that has been significantly affected by the two most prominent aspects of the country's recent history: the ...
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Residential care for children in South Africa is one of the aspects of social policy that has been significantly affected by the two most prominent aspects of the country's recent history: the transition from apartheid to a democratic state and the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This chapter begins by placing the current situation of residential care into the context of the history of social care provision in South Africa. It then describes the current situation of residential care for children. The final section outlines the future prospects under the new Children's Act for children in need of residential care, with a particular focus on provision for children affected by HIV/AIDS.Less
Residential care for children in South Africa is one of the aspects of social policy that has been significantly affected by the two most prominent aspects of the country's recent history: the transition from apartheid to a democratic state and the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This chapter begins by placing the current situation of residential care into the context of the history of social care provision in South Africa. It then describes the current situation of residential care for children. The final section outlines the future prospects under the new Children's Act for children in need of residential care, with a particular focus on provision for children affected by HIV/AIDS.
Cynthia Grant Tucker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195390209
- eISBN:
- 9780199866670
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390209.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Endowed with her mother's dominant nature and feminist perspective, Martha May Eliot sets her sights on becoming a “social doctor.” Before graduating from Radcliffe, she spends her sophomore year at ...
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Endowed with her mother's dominant nature and feminist perspective, Martha May Eliot sets her sights on becoming a “social doctor.” Before graduating from Radcliffe, she spends her sophomore year at Bryn Mawr and there meets her life companion, Ethel C. Dunham (1883‐1969 ). Martha and Ethel earn their M.D.s at Johns Hopkins Medical School and find positions together in the Pediatrics Department that Edwards A. Park had just created at Yale. Congress's timely passage of the Sheppard‐Towner Act starts Martha on an ascent as a pioneer of public health service for underserved mothers and children. Her demonstration of Vitamin D's efficacy in wiping out rickets results in a call from the Children's Bureau, of which she eventually serves as Chief. She writes Title V of the Social Security Act, later serves as Assistant Director‐General of the World Health Organization, and is one of the founding signers of UNICEF's charter.Less
Endowed with her mother's dominant nature and feminist perspective, Martha May Eliot sets her sights on becoming a “social doctor.” Before graduating from Radcliffe, she spends her sophomore year at Bryn Mawr and there meets her life companion, Ethel C. Dunham (1883‐1969 ). Martha and Ethel earn their M.D.s at Johns Hopkins Medical School and find positions together in the Pediatrics Department that Edwards A. Park had just created at Yale. Congress's timely passage of the Sheppard‐Towner Act starts Martha on an ascent as a pioneer of public health service for underserved mothers and children. Her demonstration of Vitamin D's efficacy in wiping out rickets results in a call from the Children's Bureau, of which she eventually serves as Chief. She writes Title V of the Social Security Act, later serves as Assistant Director‐General of the World Health Organization, and is one of the founding signers of UNICEF's charter.
Daniel Mendelsohn
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199249565
- eISBN:
- 9780191719356
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249565.003.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Plays and Playwrights: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This introductory chapter begins with a description of the current state of interpretative >aporia surrounding Euripedes' plays, Children of Herakles and Suppliant Women. It argues that the ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a description of the current state of interpretative >aporia surrounding Euripedes' plays, Children of Herakles and Suppliant Women. It argues that the widespread interpretative dismay about the form of the texts seems to follow from erroneous assumptions about their content. It is also argued that in the political plays, the pairings of seemingly opposite feminine types — good/bad, fetishized/uncanny, constructive/destructive — constitute a coherent structural device with particular implications for political theorizing.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a description of the current state of interpretative >aporia surrounding Euripedes' plays, Children of Herakles and Suppliant Women. It argues that the widespread interpretative dismay about the form of the texts seems to follow from erroneous assumptions about their content. It is also argued that in the political plays, the pairings of seemingly opposite feminine types — good/bad, fetishized/uncanny, constructive/destructive — constitute a coherent structural device with particular implications for political theorizing.
Daniel Mendelsohn
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199249565
- eISBN:
- 9780191719356
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249565.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Plays and Playwrights: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter analyses the play, Children of Herakles. The play is a drama of displacement, underscoring the problematics of place — the priorities and codes that govern religious, political, and ...
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This chapter analyses the play, Children of Herakles. The play is a drama of displacement, underscoring the problematics of place — the priorities and codes that govern religious, political, and social space. It opens with a shocking violation of the religious space represented by the altar standing at the centre of the orkhestra; it traces the desperate flight of a hero's kin who, deprived by exile of their political status, are forced to wander from polis to polis; and its high point is the self-sacrifice of a young girl who, in order to perform her heroic deed, must cross the invisible but culturally well-guarded border between male and female spaces.Less
This chapter analyses the play, Children of Herakles. The play is a drama of displacement, underscoring the problematics of place — the priorities and codes that govern religious, political, and social space. It opens with a shocking violation of the religious space represented by the altar standing at the centre of the orkhestra; it traces the desperate flight of a hero's kin who, deprived by exile of their political status, are forced to wander from polis to polis; and its high point is the self-sacrifice of a young girl who, in order to perform her heroic deed, must cross the invisible but culturally well-guarded border between male and female spaces.
Daniel Mendelsohn
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199249565
- eISBN:
- 9780191719356
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249565.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Plays and Playwrights: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter argues that Euripides' Children of Herakles and Suppliant Women should be studied together because both are remarkably similar products of a moment in the playwright's career and the ...
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This chapter argues that Euripides' Children of Herakles and Suppliant Women should be studied together because both are remarkably similar products of a moment in the playwright's career and the history of Athens. That moment, in the early stages of a (Peloponnesian) War — a conflict with a foe who was ideologically and culturally different, if not in fact opposite — made those myths particularly suggestive as vehicles for re-examination of what it meant to be Athenian. It further argues that an understanding of these plays as living theatrical examples of the complex and elusive principle of negotiation can be key to viewing them as coherent and especially apt dramatic investigations of the nature of the democratic polis — which is to say, as truly ‘political’ plays.Less
This chapter argues that Euripides' Children of Herakles and Suppliant Women should be studied together because both are remarkably similar products of a moment in the playwright's career and the history of Athens. That moment, in the early stages of a (Peloponnesian) War — a conflict with a foe who was ideologically and culturally different, if not in fact opposite — made those myths particularly suggestive as vehicles for re-examination of what it meant to be Athenian. It further argues that an understanding of these plays as living theatrical examples of the complex and elusive principle of negotiation can be key to viewing them as coherent and especially apt dramatic investigations of the nature of the democratic polis — which is to say, as truly ‘political’ plays.
Jessica R. McCort (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781496806444
- eISBN:
- 9781496806482
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496806444.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
Reading in the Dark: Horror in Children’s Literature and Culture is a collection of essays that seeks to consider gothic horror texts for children with the respect such texts deserve, weighing the ...
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Reading in the Dark: Horror in Children’s Literature and Culture is a collection of essays that seeks to consider gothic horror texts for children with the respect such texts deserve, weighing the multitude of benefits they can provide for young readers and viewers. It refuses to write off the horror genre as campy, trite, or deforming, instead recognizing that many of the children’s books and films categorized as “scary” are among those most widely read/viewed by children and young adults. It also considers how adult horror has been domesticated by children’s literature and culture, with authors and screenwriters turning that which was once utterly horrifying into safe, funny, and delightful books and films, along with the impetus behind such re-envisioning of the adult horror novel or film as something appropriate for the young. Especially today, when dark novels, shows, and films targeted toward children and young adults are proliferating with wild abandon, understanding the methods by which such texts have traditionally operated, as well as how those methods have been challenged, abandoned, and appropriated in recent years, becomes all the more crucial.Less
Reading in the Dark: Horror in Children’s Literature and Culture is a collection of essays that seeks to consider gothic horror texts for children with the respect such texts deserve, weighing the multitude of benefits they can provide for young readers and viewers. It refuses to write off the horror genre as campy, trite, or deforming, instead recognizing that many of the children’s books and films categorized as “scary” are among those most widely read/viewed by children and young adults. It also considers how adult horror has been domesticated by children’s literature and culture, with authors and screenwriters turning that which was once utterly horrifying into safe, funny, and delightful books and films, along with the impetus behind such re-envisioning of the adult horror novel or film as something appropriate for the young. Especially today, when dark novels, shows, and films targeted toward children and young adults are proliferating with wild abandon, understanding the methods by which such texts have traditionally operated, as well as how those methods have been challenged, abandoned, and appropriated in recent years, becomes all the more crucial.
Stephen Clingman
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199278497
- eISBN:
- 9780191706981
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278497.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
Salman Rushdie is the most ebullient of transnational writers, and central to this are formal features, embedded as the inner DNA of his fiction. Among them is the key figure of chiasmus which, with ...
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Salman Rushdie is the most ebullient of transnational writers, and central to this are formal features, embedded as the inner DNA of his fiction. Among them is the key figure of chiasmus which, with its ‘X-like’ crossings, invokes metonymy, reversal, inversion. In Midnight's Children it is the key to identity itself, running through every level of the text. What this means, among other things, is that in a world of incessant contiguities, metonymy trumps biology when it comes to definitions of the self. If this makes Midnight's Children a novel which encodes the transnational within the national, then The Satanic Verses takes those patterns even further, with its chiastic metonymies of place, time, waking life, and dream, as well as religion and doubt. The result in Rushdie's work is a philosophy of excess in which identity and place cannot be contained.Less
Salman Rushdie is the most ebullient of transnational writers, and central to this are formal features, embedded as the inner DNA of his fiction. Among them is the key figure of chiasmus which, with its ‘X-like’ crossings, invokes metonymy, reversal, inversion. In Midnight's Children it is the key to identity itself, running through every level of the text. What this means, among other things, is that in a world of incessant contiguities, metonymy trumps biology when it comes to definitions of the self. If this makes Midnight's Children a novel which encodes the transnational within the national, then The Satanic Verses takes those patterns even further, with its chiastic metonymies of place, time, waking life, and dream, as well as religion and doubt. The result in Rushdie's work is a philosophy of excess in which identity and place cannot be contained.
Cybelle Fox
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691152233
- eISBN:
- 9781400842582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691152233.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter focuses on the Social Security Act and the disparate treatment of blacks, Mexicans, and European immigrants in the administration of Social Security, Unemployment Insurance, Aid to ...
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This chapter focuses on the Social Security Act and the disparate treatment of blacks, Mexicans, and European immigrants in the administration of Social Security, Unemployment Insurance, Aid to Dependent Children, and Old Age Assistance. Though framed as legislation that would help the “average citizen,” scholars have shown that the Social Security Act in fact excluded the vast majority of blacks from the most generous social insurance programs, relegating them to meager, decentralized, and demeaning means-tested programs. European immigrants, by contrast, benefited from many of the provisions of the Social Security Act, and in at least some respects, they benefited more than even native-born whites. The net result of these policies was that blacks were disproportionately shunted into categorical assistance programs with low benefit levels, European immigrants were disproportionately covered under social insurance regardless of citizenship, and Mexicans were often shut out altogether.Less
This chapter focuses on the Social Security Act and the disparate treatment of blacks, Mexicans, and European immigrants in the administration of Social Security, Unemployment Insurance, Aid to Dependent Children, and Old Age Assistance. Though framed as legislation that would help the “average citizen,” scholars have shown that the Social Security Act in fact excluded the vast majority of blacks from the most generous social insurance programs, relegating them to meager, decentralized, and demeaning means-tested programs. European immigrants, by contrast, benefited from many of the provisions of the Social Security Act, and in at least some respects, they benefited more than even native-born whites. The net result of these policies was that blacks were disproportionately shunted into categorical assistance programs with low benefit levels, European immigrants were disproportionately covered under social insurance regardless of citizenship, and Mexicans were often shut out altogether.
Nancy Woloch
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691002590
- eISBN:
- 9781400866366
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691002590.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines Muller's aftermath in legal history through the landmark case of Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923). In Oregon, an employer (Children's Hospital) sought an injunction against ...
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This chapter examines Muller's aftermath in legal history through the landmark case of Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923). In Oregon, an employer (Children's Hospital) sought an injunction against the DC Minimum Wage Board to restrain it from imposing the minimum wage of $16.50 per week for women workers in hotels, hospitals, restaurants, clubs, and apartment houses. The District of Columbia Supreme Court upheld the law in June 1920, as did the DC Court of Appeals in June 1921. However, at the second hearing in November 1922, the DC Court of Appeals upset the law. In 1923, when Adkins v. Children's Hospital reached the Supreme Court, defenders of the minimum wage faced a less receptive roster of justices than they had in 1917; recent appointments made in wartime and soon after had produced a more conservative court. As such, the Supreme Court failed to sustain the District of Columbia minimum wage law by a 5–3 decision.Less
This chapter examines Muller's aftermath in legal history through the landmark case of Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923). In Oregon, an employer (Children's Hospital) sought an injunction against the DC Minimum Wage Board to restrain it from imposing the minimum wage of $16.50 per week for women workers in hotels, hospitals, restaurants, clubs, and apartment houses. The District of Columbia Supreme Court upheld the law in June 1920, as did the DC Court of Appeals in June 1921. However, at the second hearing in November 1922, the DC Court of Appeals upset the law. In 1923, when Adkins v. Children's Hospital reached the Supreme Court, defenders of the minimum wage faced a less receptive roster of justices than they had in 1917; recent appointments made in wartime and soon after had produced a more conservative court. As such, the Supreme Court failed to sustain the District of Columbia minimum wage law by a 5–3 decision.
Roberta Seelinger Trites
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496813800
- eISBN:
- 9781496813848
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496813800.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
Twenty-First Century Feminisms in Children’s and Adolescent Literature employs methodologies from material feminism to demonstrate how feminist thinking has influenced literature for the young in the ...
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Twenty-First Century Feminisms in Children’s and Adolescent Literature employs methodologies from material feminism to demonstrate how feminist thinking has influenced literature for the young in the last two decades. Material feminism provides people with ways of thinking about the interactions among discourse, embodiment, technology, the environment, cognition, and the ethics of caring. This book thus applies the principles behind material feminism and interrelated manifestations of feminism (such as Critical Race Theory and ecofeminism) to texts written for the young to demonstrate how shifting cultural perceptions of feminism affect what is happening both in publishing for the young and in the academic study of children’s and adolescent literature.
The work begins with a specific focus on how language and the material interact before moving to an examination of race as an intersectionally-lived material phenomenon and a social construction. How embodied individuals interact with the environment is explored through ecofeminism and the dystopic; how people interact with each other involves romance, sexuality, and feminist ethics. In other words, the structure of the book moves from examinations of the individual to examinations of the individual in social groups, the individual and the environment, and the individual within relationships.
Overall, the goal of this work is to interrogate how material feminism can expand our understanding of materiality, maturation, and gender—especially girlhood—as represented in narratives for preadolescents and adolescents.Less
Twenty-First Century Feminisms in Children’s and Adolescent Literature employs methodologies from material feminism to demonstrate how feminist thinking has influenced literature for the young in the last two decades. Material feminism provides people with ways of thinking about the interactions among discourse, embodiment, technology, the environment, cognition, and the ethics of caring. This book thus applies the principles behind material feminism and interrelated manifestations of feminism (such as Critical Race Theory and ecofeminism) to texts written for the young to demonstrate how shifting cultural perceptions of feminism affect what is happening both in publishing for the young and in the academic study of children’s and adolescent literature.
The work begins with a specific focus on how language and the material interact before moving to an examination of race as an intersectionally-lived material phenomenon and a social construction. How embodied individuals interact with the environment is explored through ecofeminism and the dystopic; how people interact with each other involves romance, sexuality, and feminist ethics. In other words, the structure of the book moves from examinations of the individual to examinations of the individual in social groups, the individual and the environment, and the individual within relationships.
Overall, the goal of this work is to interrogate how material feminism can expand our understanding of materiality, maturation, and gender—especially girlhood—as represented in narratives for preadolescents and adolescents.
John Micklewright and Anna Wright
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199278558
- eISBN:
- 9780191601590
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199278555.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The chapter starts by considering the extent to which development benefits from philanthropic effort, showing that a great deal of philanthropy in rich industrialised countries is aimed at domestic ...
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The chapter starts by considering the extent to which development benefits from philanthropic effort, showing that a great deal of philanthropy in rich industrialised countries is aimed at domestic concerns, and may vary with household income; the super‐rich are treated here as a special case. The next question asked is why development may command only a small share of charitable donations and how people determine the objects of their giving; here the economic literature on philanthropy provides only limited help and the discussion draws on the literature on donor behaviour from other disciplines, notably marketing. The special case of private donations to the UN agencies is then considered, looking at the particular problems faced by the UN, and focusing on the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), which is by far the most successful UN agency at collecting money from private individuals; the question is asked as to whether private donations are crowded‐out by governmental contributions or by Official Development Assistance (ODA). The last main section of the chapter discusses future prospects and ways forward, including measures designed to promote charitable donations, in general, but focusing on their particular relevance for development. It covers the issue of tax incentives to donors, the new ‘global funds’ (intended partly to attract money from the super‐rich), new forms of corporate social responsibility and giving in relation to ‘cause‐related marketing’, the use of the Internet, and long‐term donor education.Less
The chapter starts by considering the extent to which development benefits from philanthropic effort, showing that a great deal of philanthropy in rich industrialised countries is aimed at domestic concerns, and may vary with household income; the super‐rich are treated here as a special case. The next question asked is why development may command only a small share of charitable donations and how people determine the objects of their giving; here the economic literature on philanthropy provides only limited help and the discussion draws on the literature on donor behaviour from other disciplines, notably marketing. The special case of private donations to the UN agencies is then considered, looking at the particular problems faced by the UN, and focusing on the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), which is by far the most successful UN agency at collecting money from private individuals; the question is asked as to whether private donations are crowded‐out by governmental contributions or by Official Development Assistance (ODA). The last main section of the chapter discusses future prospects and ways forward, including measures designed to promote charitable donations, in general, but focusing on their particular relevance for development. It covers the issue of tax incentives to donors, the new ‘global funds’ (intended partly to attract money from the super‐rich), new forms of corporate social responsibility and giving in relation to ‘cause‐related marketing’, the use of the Internet, and long‐term donor education.
John E. B. Myers
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195169355
- eISBN:
- 9780199893348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195169355.003.0003
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Crime and Justice
Child protection in the 20th century can be divided into two periods, one before 1962 and one following. This chapter chronicles developments prior to 1962, including the emergence of social work as ...
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Child protection in the 20th century can be divided into two periods, one before 1962 and one following. This chapter chronicles developments prior to 1962, including the emergence of social work as a profession, the settlement movement on behalf of the poor, the child guidance movement, the pivotal 1909 White House Conference on the Care of Dependent Children, and the birth in 1912 of the U.S. Children's Bureau. It describes the continuing debate over orphanage care versus foster care for children, and the gradual resolution of the issue in favor of foster care. The juvenile court plays a key role in child protection, and the chapter provides detailed analysis of the emergence of the juvenile court. Finally, the gradual transfer of child protection from non-governmental child protection societies to government-funded and -operated child protection agencies is described. The roots of today's child protection system are clearly traceable to the period prior to 1962.Less
Child protection in the 20th century can be divided into two periods, one before 1962 and one following. This chapter chronicles developments prior to 1962, including the emergence of social work as a profession, the settlement movement on behalf of the poor, the child guidance movement, the pivotal 1909 White House Conference on the Care of Dependent Children, and the birth in 1912 of the U.S. Children's Bureau. It describes the continuing debate over orphanage care versus foster care for children, and the gradual resolution of the issue in favor of foster care. The juvenile court plays a key role in child protection, and the chapter provides detailed analysis of the emergence of the juvenile court. Finally, the gradual transfer of child protection from non-governmental child protection societies to government-funded and -operated child protection agencies is described. The roots of today's child protection system are clearly traceable to the period prior to 1962.
