Robert Pitofsky
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195372823
- eISBN:
- 9780199871773
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372823.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This chapter presents four papers from some of the most eminent people in the antitrust field. It analyzes “barriers to entry” from a practical rather than theoretical point of view, and concludes ...
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This chapter presents four papers from some of the most eminent people in the antitrust field. It analyzes “barriers to entry” from a practical rather than theoretical point of view, and concludes that conservatives seem to be generous in allowing entrenched dominant firms to rely on a variety of coercion and intimidation tactics. It notes a wide-spread sense of “something gone wrong” with today's antitrust enforcement, in particular a growing sense of too much emphasis on over-simplified economic models. The chapter then provides a full and fair historic review of Warren Court excesses, and the Chicago School's remarkable influence in reversing some trends that most would ridicule today. It gives examples of areas where the Chicago School has not prevailed because of unrealistic economic approaches. It then emphasizes the complexity of evaluating the successes and failures of the Chicago School, noting examples of each kind of outcome. Finally, the chapter notes that many changes over the last half century, for better or worse, are the result of a variety of influences—not just fashions of economic analysis. It concludes that there are significant areas where extreme applications of conservative economic thought have “overshot the mark” and expresses concern that any such academic influences may lead to under-enforcement.Less
This chapter presents four papers from some of the most eminent people in the antitrust field. It analyzes “barriers to entry” from a practical rather than theoretical point of view, and concludes that conservatives seem to be generous in allowing entrenched dominant firms to rely on a variety of coercion and intimidation tactics. It notes a wide-spread sense of “something gone wrong” with today's antitrust enforcement, in particular a growing sense of too much emphasis on over-simplified economic models. The chapter then provides a full and fair historic review of Warren Court excesses, and the Chicago School's remarkable influence in reversing some trends that most would ridicule today. It gives examples of areas where the Chicago School has not prevailed because of unrealistic economic approaches. It then emphasizes the complexity of evaluating the successes and failures of the Chicago School, noting examples of each kind of outcome. Finally, the chapter notes that many changes over the last half century, for better or worse, are the result of a variety of influences—not just fashions of economic analysis. It concludes that there are significant areas where extreme applications of conservative economic thought have “overshot the mark” and expresses concern that any such academic influences may lead to under-enforcement.
Paul D. Numrich
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195386219
- eISBN:
- 9780199866731
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195386219.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Religious diversity in the United States has increased dramatically in recent decades. How are Christians relating to their Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, and other new religious neighbors? Using local ...
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Religious diversity in the United States has increased dramatically in recent decades. How are Christians relating to their Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, and other new religious neighbors? Using local examples, this book covers the gamut of Christian perspectives in a multireligious America, including debate over a new Hindu temple in town, an Episcopal church that has hosted a mosque since 1987, cooperative efforts between African American pastors and Muslim leaders, immigrant Christians seeking to save non-Christian fellow immigrants, evangelicals resettling immigrants and refugees through “friendship evangelism,” Catholics learning about other religions in the spirit of Vatican II, and Greek Orthodox Christians and Turkish Muslims gaining a new appreciation of their shared history. The effects of September 11, 2001, are also discussed from increased dialogue to missionary initiatives. Here Christian theology meets the multireligious real world, with multiple results suggestive of national trends.Less
Religious diversity in the United States has increased dramatically in recent decades. How are Christians relating to their Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, and other new religious neighbors? Using local examples, this book covers the gamut of Christian perspectives in a multireligious America, including debate over a new Hindu temple in town, an Episcopal church that has hosted a mosque since 1987, cooperative efforts between African American pastors and Muslim leaders, immigrant Christians seeking to save non-Christian fellow immigrants, evangelicals resettling immigrants and refugees through “friendship evangelism,” Catholics learning about other religions in the spirit of Vatican II, and Greek Orthodox Christians and Turkish Muslims gaining a new appreciation of their shared history. The effects of September 11, 2001, are also discussed from increased dialogue to missionary initiatives. Here Christian theology meets the multireligious real world, with multiple results suggestive of national trends.
Jonathan Wolff and Avner De-Shalit
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199278268
- eISBN:
- 9780191707902
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278268.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The previous chapters demonstrated that the issue of identifying the least advantaged reduces to the question of whether clustering of disadvantage can be identified among the ‘high-weight ...
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The previous chapters demonstrated that the issue of identifying the least advantaged reduces to the question of whether clustering of disadvantage can be identified among the ‘high-weight functionings’ identified in Chapter 5. It is argued that a series of empirical studies confirm that such clustering exists. In particular, work on the social determinants of health by Marmot and Wilkinson suggests that there is significant clustering of the relevant disadvantages. These results are reinforced by Klinenberg's work on the Chicago heatwave of 1985.Less
The previous chapters demonstrated that the issue of identifying the least advantaged reduces to the question of whether clustering of disadvantage can be identified among the ‘high-weight functionings’ identified in Chapter 5. It is argued that a series of empirical studies confirm that such clustering exists. In particular, work on the social determinants of health by Marmot and Wilkinson suggests that there is significant clustering of the relevant disadvantages. These results are reinforced by Klinenberg's work on the Chicago heatwave of 1985.
Wesley G. Skogan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195154580
- eISBN:
- 9780199944033
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154580.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
Highly popular with both the public and political leaders, community policing is the most important development in law enforcement in the last twenty-five years. But does it really work? Can police ...
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Highly popular with both the public and political leaders, community policing is the most important development in law enforcement in the last twenty-five years. But does it really work? Can police departments fundamentally change their organization? Can neighborhood problems be solved? In the early 1990s, Chicago, the nation's third-largest city, instituted the nation's largest community policing initiative. This book provides a comprehensive evaluation of that citywide program, examining its impact on crime, neighborhood residents, and the police. Based on the results of a thirteen-year study, including interviews, citywide surveys, and sophisticated statistical analyses, it reveals a city divided among African Americans, whites, and Latinos. By looking at the varying effects community policing had on each of these groups, the book provides an analysis of what works and why. As the use of community policing increases and issues related to race and immigration become more pressing, it will serve the needs of an increasing amount of students, scholars, and professionals interested in the most effective and harmonious means of keeping communities safe.Less
Highly popular with both the public and political leaders, community policing is the most important development in law enforcement in the last twenty-five years. But does it really work? Can police departments fundamentally change their organization? Can neighborhood problems be solved? In the early 1990s, Chicago, the nation's third-largest city, instituted the nation's largest community policing initiative. This book provides a comprehensive evaluation of that citywide program, examining its impact on crime, neighborhood residents, and the police. Based on the results of a thirteen-year study, including interviews, citywide surveys, and sophisticated statistical analyses, it reveals a city divided among African Americans, whites, and Latinos. By looking at the varying effects community policing had on each of these groups, the book provides an analysis of what works and why. As the use of community policing increases and issues related to race and immigration become more pressing, it will serve the needs of an increasing amount of students, scholars, and professionals interested in the most effective and harmonious means of keeping communities safe.
Jamie Peck
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199580576
- eISBN:
- 9780191595240
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580576.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
This chapter presents a critical analysis of the rise and reconstruction of the Chicago School of Economics. The Chicago School is widely credited, by friends and foes alike, as a cradle of the ...
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This chapter presents a critical analysis of the rise and reconstruction of the Chicago School of Economics. The Chicago School is widely credited, by friends and foes alike, as a cradle of the neoliberal movement. It positions ‘Chicago’ within the ideational and ideological networks of the neoliberal project, tracing its various connections to centers of political power and economic expertise. The ambivalent relationship between the Chicago School and the city that supplied its name is shown to find an echo in the character of neoliberalism as a fickle and ostensibly ‘disembedded’ political project, which seeks to foster placeless and ‘portable’ policy rationalities. Even if Chicago was not the singular birthplace of neoliberalism, the distinctive contributions of Milton Friedman and his colleagues at the University of Chicago shaped one of the most vibrant strains of free-market theory.Less
This chapter presents a critical analysis of the rise and reconstruction of the Chicago School of Economics. The Chicago School is widely credited, by friends and foes alike, as a cradle of the neoliberal movement. It positions ‘Chicago’ within the ideational and ideological networks of the neoliberal project, tracing its various connections to centers of political power and economic expertise. The ambivalent relationship between the Chicago School and the city that supplied its name is shown to find an echo in the character of neoliberalism as a fickle and ostensibly ‘disembedded’ political project, which seeks to foster placeless and ‘portable’ policy rationalities. Even if Chicago was not the singular birthplace of neoliberalism, the distinctive contributions of Milton Friedman and his colleagues at the University of Chicago shaped one of the most vibrant strains of free-market theory.
Christian Wedemeyer and Wendy Doniger (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195394337
- eISBN:
- 9780199777358
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195394337.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This book brings together an international group of leading scholars of religion to reflect in concert on the lives, works, and legacies of two of the twentieth century’s most influential historians ...
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This book brings together an international group of leading scholars of religion to reflect in concert on the lives, works, and legacies of two of the twentieth century’s most influential historians of religions: Joachim Wach and Mircea Eliade. Both men taught at the University of Chicago Divinity School, and the “Chicago School” they are thought to have forged has had enormous impact on the way religion has been studied and written about ever since. While the extent of their influence is beyond question, the scholarly world has been deeply divided not only about the value of their work but also about its proper interpretation. In particular, scholars have been at odds over whether or to what extent the circumstances of their lives bear a significant relationship to their intellectual output. As this volume make clear, their perspectives on religion and their ways of articulating their understanding cannot be properly understood without reference to the circumstances of their lives, the political and cultural movements that dominated their early years in Germany and Romania, and their own idiosyncratic scholarly and personal agendas. The chapters in this volume—the proceedings of a 2006 conference marking the fiftieth anniversary of Wach’s death (2005) and the hundredth anniversary of Eliade’s birth (2007)—shed new light on a growing body of work on these two figures, the controversies they have generated, and their legacies in the scholarly study of religion.Less
This book brings together an international group of leading scholars of religion to reflect in concert on the lives, works, and legacies of two of the twentieth century’s most influential historians of religions: Joachim Wach and Mircea Eliade. Both men taught at the University of Chicago Divinity School, and the “Chicago School” they are thought to have forged has had enormous impact on the way religion has been studied and written about ever since. While the extent of their influence is beyond question, the scholarly world has been deeply divided not only about the value of their work but also about its proper interpretation. In particular, scholars have been at odds over whether or to what extent the circumstances of their lives bear a significant relationship to their intellectual output. As this volume make clear, their perspectives on religion and their ways of articulating their understanding cannot be properly understood without reference to the circumstances of their lives, the political and cultural movements that dominated their early years in Germany and Romania, and their own idiosyncratic scholarly and personal agendas. The chapters in this volume—the proceedings of a 2006 conference marking the fiftieth anniversary of Wach’s death (2005) and the hundredth anniversary of Eliade’s birth (2007)—shed new light on a growing body of work on these two figures, the controversies they have generated, and their legacies in the scholarly study of religion.
Umar F. Abd‐Allah
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195187281
- eISBN:
- 9780199784875
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195187288.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter begins with a description of Webb's move to Chicago where he worked as a jeweler. Webb married Laura Conger in Chicago on May 4, 1870, but she disappeared the night of the Great Fire. It ...
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This chapter begins with a description of Webb's move to Chicago where he worked as a jeweler. Webb married Laura Conger in Chicago on May 4, 1870, but she disappeared the night of the Great Fire. It then focuses on his move moved to Unionville, Missouri, where he joined the Unionville Republican as coeditor and coproprietor in partnership with the paper's founder, W. T. O'Bryant. The chapter then describes his life in St. Joseph and St. Louis, Missouri.Less
This chapter begins with a description of Webb's move to Chicago where he worked as a jeweler. Webb married Laura Conger in Chicago on May 4, 1870, but she disappeared the night of the Great Fire. It then focuses on his move moved to Unionville, Missouri, where he joined the Unionville Republican as coeditor and coproprietor in partnership with the paper's founder, W. T. O'Bryant. The chapter then describes his life in St. Joseph and St. Louis, Missouri.
Umar F. Abd‐Allah
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195187281
- eISBN:
- 9780199784875
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195187288.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter begins with a discussion of the Chicago World's Fair. It then describes the First World's Parliament of Religions, which was one of the most promising events of the Victorian era. ...
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This chapter begins with a discussion of the Chicago World's Fair. It then describes the First World's Parliament of Religions, which was one of the most promising events of the Victorian era. Organizationally, it was a branch of the Chicago World's Fair and constituted one of its many secondary congresses. Webb's participation in the parliament marked his moment of maximum public exposure, while also offering him the opportunity to establish valuable contacts for future work.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of the Chicago World's Fair. It then describes the First World's Parliament of Religions, which was one of the most promising events of the Victorian era. Organizationally, it was a branch of the Chicago World's Fair and constituted one of its many secondary congresses. Webb's participation in the parliament marked his moment of maximum public exposure, while also offering him the opportunity to establish valuable contacts for future work.
Jamie Peck
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199580576
- eISBN:
- 9780191595240
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580576.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
Amongst intellectuals and activists, neoliberalism has become a potent signifier for the kind of free-market thinking that has dominated politics for the past three decades. Forever associated with ...
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Amongst intellectuals and activists, neoliberalism has become a potent signifier for the kind of free-market thinking that has dominated politics for the past three decades. Forever associated with the conviction politics of Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher, the free-market project has since become synonymous with the ‘Washington Consensus’ on international development policy and the phenomenon of corporate globalization, where it has come to mean privatization, deregulation, and the opening up of new markets. But beyond its utility as a protest slogan as a shorthand signifier for the political-economic Zeitgeist, what do we know about where neoliberalism came from and how it spread? Who are the neoliberals, and why do they studiously avoid the label? This book presents a radical critique of the free-market project, from its origins in the first half of the 20th century through to its near-death experience in the recent global economic crisis, from the utopian dreams of Friedrich von Hayek, through the dogmatic theories of Milton Friedman and the Chicago School, to the hope and hubris of Obamanomics. The book traces how neoliberalism went from crank science to common sense in the period between the Great Depression and the age of Obama. It is an exploration of the antisocial life of the free-market project, examined in its cradles of invention and in its zones of extension and contestation. In the process, the book elaborates (and puts to work) an understanding of neoliberalism as an adaptive, unevenly developed regulatory project.Less
Amongst intellectuals and activists, neoliberalism has become a potent signifier for the kind of free-market thinking that has dominated politics for the past three decades. Forever associated with the conviction politics of Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher, the free-market project has since become synonymous with the ‘Washington Consensus’ on international development policy and the phenomenon of corporate globalization, where it has come to mean privatization, deregulation, and the opening up of new markets. But beyond its utility as a protest slogan as a shorthand signifier for the political-economic Zeitgeist, what do we know about where neoliberalism came from and how it spread? Who are the neoliberals, and why do they studiously avoid the label? This book presents a radical critique of the free-market project, from its origins in the first half of the 20th century through to its near-death experience in the recent global economic crisis, from the utopian dreams of Friedrich von Hayek, through the dogmatic theories of Milton Friedman and the Chicago School, to the hope and hubris of Obamanomics. The book traces how neoliberalism went from crank science to common sense in the period between the Great Depression and the age of Obama. It is an exploration of the antisocial life of the free-market project, examined in its cradles of invention and in its zones of extension and contestation. In the process, the book elaborates (and puts to work) an understanding of neoliberalism as an adaptive, unevenly developed regulatory project.
Jamie Peck
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199580576
- eISBN:
- 9780191595240
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580576.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
This chapter presents a genealogy of neoliberalism as a free-market ideational program, from the early decades of the 20th century through to its consummation with state power in the 1970s. ...
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This chapter presents a genealogy of neoliberalism as a free-market ideational program, from the early decades of the 20th century through to its consummation with state power in the 1970s. Neoliberalism was born as a contradictory and contested project, specifically through a series of situated, sympathetic critiques of 19th-century laissez-faire. These were played out, most explicitly, through the work of the Mont Pelerin Society and its associated networks, though these have often been spaces of debate and contestation. In this sense, neoliberalism has always been an open-ended, plural, and adaptable project. At the heart of this lies its contradictory embrace of liberty and order — what can be seen as its ‘Chicago School’ and ‘Ordoliberal’ faces of neoliberalism, respectively. Highlighting the constructed nature of neoliberalism's ideational project, the chapter exposes some of the ‘hidden hands’ that shaped this purposive critique of, and alternative to, Keynesianism.Less
This chapter presents a genealogy of neoliberalism as a free-market ideational program, from the early decades of the 20th century through to its consummation with state power in the 1970s. Neoliberalism was born as a contradictory and contested project, specifically through a series of situated, sympathetic critiques of 19th-century laissez-faire. These were played out, most explicitly, through the work of the Mont Pelerin Society and its associated networks, though these have often been spaces of debate and contestation. In this sense, neoliberalism has always been an open-ended, plural, and adaptable project. At the heart of this lies its contradictory embrace of liberty and order — what can be seen as its ‘Chicago School’ and ‘Ordoliberal’ faces of neoliberalism, respectively. Highlighting the constructed nature of neoliberalism's ideational project, the chapter exposes some of the ‘hidden hands’ that shaped this purposive critique of, and alternative to, Keynesianism.
James Belich
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199297276
- eISBN:
- 9780191700842
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297276.003.0017
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This book began with two urban mysteries. One, the explosive growth of settler cities like Chicago and Melbourne. The other was the growth of London and New York into mega-cities before the modern ...
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This book began with two urban mysteries. One, the explosive growth of settler cities like Chicago and Melbourne. The other was the growth of London and New York into mega-cities before the modern agro-industrial revolution made this generally possible. In 1890, London and New York were the only two cities in the world with more than 2.5 million people. The Anglos were also the first people to experience industrialization. Thirdly, the Anglos from 1815 were the first people to undertake explosive colonization, followed by recolonization. Explosive colonization rapidly gave the Anglos vast ‘Wests’. Recolonization allowed the Anglo oldlands to integrate with these Wests, so boosting the bulk and power of the United States and Greater Britain. This process made the United States a superpower and gave Britain an extra half-century of that status. The following chapters explore the intersections between these three phenomena.Less
This book began with two urban mysteries. One, the explosive growth of settler cities like Chicago and Melbourne. The other was the growth of London and New York into mega-cities before the modern agro-industrial revolution made this generally possible. In 1890, London and New York were the only two cities in the world with more than 2.5 million people. The Anglos were also the first people to experience industrialization. Thirdly, the Anglos from 1815 were the first people to undertake explosive colonization, followed by recolonization. Explosive colonization rapidly gave the Anglos vast ‘Wests’. Recolonization allowed the Anglo oldlands to integrate with these Wests, so boosting the bulk and power of the United States and Greater Britain. This process made the United States a superpower and gave Britain an extra half-century of that status. The following chapters explore the intersections between these three phenomena.
Janet L. Abu-Lughod
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195328752
- eISBN:
- 9780199944057
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328752.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter notes that the riot of 1919 was a sign that Chicago had a special problem. One of the most violent and prolonged in the history of the country, it became the object of an official ...
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This chapter notes that the riot of 1919 was a sign that Chicago had a special problem. One of the most violent and prolonged in the history of the country, it became the object of an official investigation by a newly organized Chicago Commission on Race Relations, which issued a very long and carefully researched and documented report, The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations and a Riot. The 1919 riot may be seen as signaling the start of two trends in racial conflict that would intensify in the ensuing decades. The first was a new militancy on the part of the black community to resist the typical white-on-black violence. The second, paradoxically, was the increased “ingathering” of blacks within a more fully segregated ghetto, as white violence drove scattered black residents from other areas of the city in which they already lived.Less
This chapter notes that the riot of 1919 was a sign that Chicago had a special problem. One of the most violent and prolonged in the history of the country, it became the object of an official investigation by a newly organized Chicago Commission on Race Relations, which issued a very long and carefully researched and documented report, The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations and a Riot. The 1919 riot may be seen as signaling the start of two trends in racial conflict that would intensify in the ensuing decades. The first was a new militancy on the part of the black community to resist the typical white-on-black violence. The second, paradoxically, was the increased “ingathering” of blacks within a more fully segregated ghetto, as white violence drove scattered black residents from other areas of the city in which they already lived.
Witham Larry
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195394757
- eISBN:
- 9780199777372
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195394757.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The modern “economics of religion” has roots in the thought of Adam Smith, but emerged in modern form when social scientists interested in religion adapted the ideas of George Homans (exchange ...
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The modern “economics of religion” has roots in the thought of Adam Smith, but emerged in modern form when social scientists interested in religion adapted the ideas of George Homans (exchange theory) and Gary Becker (microeconomics) to religion. The basic approach applies a theory of behavior to religious data, which since the 1950s had grown by way of public surveys on religious belief and behavior. Many of the early case studies involved economic models for revivals, “new religions,” and membership declines in mainstream churches. The approach began to grow after the 1970s. It is now associated with its leading thinkers in sociology, Rodney Stark and Roger Finke, and its chief proponent in economics, Lawrence R. Iannaccone. The economic approach is expanding to look at international religion, such as Islam, the politics of religious liberty, and the study of terrorist groups with religious backgrounds.Less
The modern “economics of religion” has roots in the thought of Adam Smith, but emerged in modern form when social scientists interested in religion adapted the ideas of George Homans (exchange theory) and Gary Becker (microeconomics) to religion. The basic approach applies a theory of behavior to religious data, which since the 1950s had grown by way of public surveys on religious belief and behavior. Many of the early case studies involved economic models for revivals, “new religions,” and membership declines in mainstream churches. The approach began to grow after the 1970s. It is now associated with its leading thinkers in sociology, Rodney Stark and Roger Finke, and its chief proponent in economics, Lawrence R. Iannaccone. The economic approach is expanding to look at international religion, such as Islam, the politics of religious liberty, and the study of terrorist groups with religious backgrounds.
Chloe Silverman
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691150468
- eISBN:
- 9781400840397
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150468.003.0003
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter describes what happened when the child psychologist Bruno Bettelheim, director of the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School at the University of Chicago, designed a research program for ...
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This chapter describes what happened when the child psychologist Bruno Bettelheim, director of the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School at the University of Chicago, designed a research program for training counselors based on the idea that autism represented a form of halted ego development. Bettelheim popularized psychotherapy in postwar America, and especially the view of autistic children and their families that has remained both a reference and a foil for generations of parents. The story of Bettelheim's involvement with autism illustrates the ambivalent and sometimes tragic qualities of the affective, institutional, and professional commitments that drive research on autism as well as treatment practices. The chapter examines Bettelheim's conviction that one might temper reason with love, but that love was often “not enough” unless combined with interpretive acumen and clear-eyed introspection.Less
This chapter describes what happened when the child psychologist Bruno Bettelheim, director of the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School at the University of Chicago, designed a research program for training counselors based on the idea that autism represented a form of halted ego development. Bettelheim popularized psychotherapy in postwar America, and especially the view of autistic children and their families that has remained both a reference and a foil for generations of parents. The story of Bettelheim's involvement with autism illustrates the ambivalent and sometimes tragic qualities of the affective, institutional, and professional commitments that drive research on autism as well as treatment practices. The chapter examines Bettelheim's conviction that one might temper reason with love, but that love was often “not enough” unless combined with interpretive acumen and clear-eyed introspection.
Jacob Mincer
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199211319
- eISBN:
- 9780191705748
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211319.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
This chapter appraises the role played by Jacob Mincer in labor economics during his long and prolific career. Mincer is certainly a good example of the capacity that many academics have to attract ...
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This chapter appraises the role played by Jacob Mincer in labor economics during his long and prolific career. Mincer is certainly a good example of the capacity that many academics have to attract the attention of those around them and to interest them in pursuing similar lines of research. His ability to lure students and colleagues to human capital research was extremely relevant for the development of the human capital research program, especially in the early crucial years. Moreover, his persistent and methodic interest in the analysis of the implications of human capital for labor market analysis had a lasting influence on several generations of labor economists, and contributed to the strengthening of the position human capital came to occupy in labor economics during the last forty years. This chapter analyzes the impact Mincer had through his publications, as a teacher, and especially as a mentor of several emerging leading labor economists. The impact this relationship with his students had on the development of the human capital research agenda is explored.Less
This chapter appraises the role played by Jacob Mincer in labor economics during his long and prolific career. Mincer is certainly a good example of the capacity that many academics have to attract the attention of those around them and to interest them in pursuing similar lines of research. His ability to lure students and colleagues to human capital research was extremely relevant for the development of the human capital research program, especially in the early crucial years. Moreover, his persistent and methodic interest in the analysis of the implications of human capital for labor market analysis had a lasting influence on several generations of labor economists, and contributed to the strengthening of the position human capital came to occupy in labor economics during the last forty years. This chapter analyzes the impact Mincer had through his publications, as a teacher, and especially as a mentor of several emerging leading labor economists. The impact this relationship with his students had on the development of the human capital research agenda is explored.
Nicholas Sagovsky
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199216451
- eISBN:
- 9780191712173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216451.003.0031
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology, Religion and Society
This chapter presents a response to Cardinal Kasper's question: How it is possible ‘to designate Scripture and the Apostles’ and Niceno–Constantinopolitan Creeds as normative in the Chicago–Lambeth ...
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This chapter presents a response to Cardinal Kasper's question: How it is possible ‘to designate Scripture and the Apostles’ and Niceno–Constantinopolitan Creeds as normative in the Chicago–Lambeth Quadrilateral, but to disregard the binding force of the subsequent living tradition? It argues that Anglicans, though they do not define, or make explicit, the binding force of the living tradition, as Roman Catholics do, by no means disregard it. At the moment they are far from united on how that ‘binding force’ may be discerned, but they cannot see in other Christian traditions the specific gift or gifts that can resolve this crisis in communion.Less
This chapter presents a response to Cardinal Kasper's question: How it is possible ‘to designate Scripture and the Apostles’ and Niceno–Constantinopolitan Creeds as normative in the Chicago–Lambeth Quadrilateral, but to disregard the binding force of the subsequent living tradition? It argues that Anglicans, though they do not define, or make explicit, the binding force of the living tradition, as Roman Catholics do, by no means disregard it. At the moment they are far from united on how that ‘binding force’ may be discerned, but they cannot see in other Christian traditions the specific gift or gifts that can resolve this crisis in communion.
Lawrence A. Scaff
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691147796
- eISBN:
- 9781400836710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691147796.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Population and Demography
This chapter examines how Max Weber's time in Chicago shaped his views on capitalism. Chicago in 1904 was the world's fifth largest urban center (behind London, New York, Paris, and Berlin). The city ...
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This chapter examines how Max Weber's time in Chicago shaped his views on capitalism. Chicago in 1904 was the world's fifth largest urban center (behind London, New York, Paris, and Berlin). The city was a new industrial and commercial magnet and transportation hub, with a rapidly increasing working class and major labor, public health, and social issues. The chapter first considers Weber's impressions of Chicago before discussing his thoughts on political reform and the consequences of it in the face of corruption, rule by bosses, and the big city political machines. It then describes the Webers' visit to Hull House and their interest in the Women's Trade Union League, a chapter of the association founded by Jane Addams. It also analyzes Weber's opinion regarding the conditions of the working class in the stockyards, along with his notion of character as social capital.Less
This chapter examines how Max Weber's time in Chicago shaped his views on capitalism. Chicago in 1904 was the world's fifth largest urban center (behind London, New York, Paris, and Berlin). The city was a new industrial and commercial magnet and transportation hub, with a rapidly increasing working class and major labor, public health, and social issues. The chapter first considers Weber's impressions of Chicago before discussing his thoughts on political reform and the consequences of it in the face of corruption, rule by bosses, and the big city political machines. It then describes the Webers' visit to Hull House and their interest in the Women's Trade Union League, a chapter of the association founded by Jane Addams. It also analyzes Weber's opinion regarding the conditions of the working class in the stockyards, along with his notion of character as social capital.
Janet L. Abu-Lughod
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195328752
- eISBN:
- 9780199944057
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328752.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Almost half a century has now elapsed since the 1960s when African American neighborhoods in more than 300 cities experienced civil disorders or ghetto uprisings. The book looks in detail at six ...
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Almost half a century has now elapsed since the 1960s when African American neighborhoods in more than 300 cities experienced civil disorders or ghetto uprisings. The book looks in detail at six major race-related riots/revolts, which represent distinctive types and took place within different spatially organized patterns of segregation. If space is one key to understanding such changes, time is of course the second. No city's experiences are independent of larger historical trends, even though they may be played out in ways that are relatively unique to place. This chapter reviews the temporal cycles of population movements and interracial relations, chiefly as they have affected coexistence and conflict in three cities—Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles.Less
Almost half a century has now elapsed since the 1960s when African American neighborhoods in more than 300 cities experienced civil disorders or ghetto uprisings. The book looks in detail at six major race-related riots/revolts, which represent distinctive types and took place within different spatially organized patterns of segregation. If space is one key to understanding such changes, time is of course the second. No city's experiences are independent of larger historical trends, even though they may be played out in ways that are relatively unique to place. This chapter reviews the temporal cycles of population movements and interracial relations, chiefly as they have affected coexistence and conflict in three cities—Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles.
Janet L. Abu-Lughod
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195328752
- eISBN:
- 9780199944057
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328752.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter draws the different themes together, comparing the relative success each city—Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago—has had in resolving the tensions that lead to riots. These differences ...
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This chapter draws the different themes together, comparing the relative success each city—Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago—has had in resolving the tensions that lead to riots. These differences are related to each place's unique history and governmental structure and the political culture it has evolved through social learning. It also examines recent trends in the three cities, focusing especially on policies designed to achieve greater control over offensive/provocative police behavior. Finally, the chapter looks at prospects for achieving social justice in the face of current trends in mass incarceration and the displacement of minorities, and the potential conflicts between blacks and Latinos in declining economies. Within each group, as in American society in general, class cleavages are becoming greater.Less
This chapter draws the different themes together, comparing the relative success each city—Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago—has had in resolving the tensions that lead to riots. These differences are related to each place's unique history and governmental structure and the political culture it has evolved through social learning. It also examines recent trends in the three cities, focusing especially on policies designed to achieve greater control over offensive/provocative police behavior. Finally, the chapter looks at prospects for achieving social justice in the face of current trends in mass incarceration and the displacement of minorities, and the potential conflicts between blacks and Latinos in declining economies. Within each group, as in American society in general, class cleavages are becoming greater.
Maria M. Chow
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195173048
- eISBN:
- 9780199872091
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173048.003.0018
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
Based on a fifteen-month survey of different Chinese American churches and hymnals, this chapter examines the choices made by immigrants from different parts and different linguistic traditions in ...
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Based on a fifteen-month survey of different Chinese American churches and hymnals, this chapter examines the choices made by immigrants from different parts and different linguistic traditions in East Asia. Chicago's Chinatown is given a central role. Chinese hymns respond not only to the adaptation of immigrants to American religious experience, but also to the need to find common Chinese languages, particularly for those from Cantonese and Mandarin backgrounds, as well as Taiwanese heritage. Hymnals vary in the way in which common American traditions take place, but most of them accommodate change and create possibilities for Chinese Americans to worship and sing together. Linguistic diversity therefore coexists with common repertories.Less
Based on a fifteen-month survey of different Chinese American churches and hymnals, this chapter examines the choices made by immigrants from different parts and different linguistic traditions in East Asia. Chicago's Chinatown is given a central role. Chinese hymns respond not only to the adaptation of immigrants to American religious experience, but also to the need to find common Chinese languages, particularly for those from Cantonese and Mandarin backgrounds, as well as Taiwanese heritage. Hymnals vary in the way in which common American traditions take place, but most of them accommodate change and create possibilities for Chinese Americans to worship and sing together. Linguistic diversity therefore coexists with common repertories.
